Cancer, 1979 Sep, 44(3), 1121 - 4 Surgical repair of esophagobronchial fistula following successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease; Katin MJ et al.; A 33-year-old man with stage III-BS nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease received combination chemotherapy and subsequently developed a right middle lobe infiltrate in the lung unresponsive to antibiotic therapy . Thoracotomy revealed an esophagobronchial fistula with no evidence of malignancy . Surgical correction of the fistula was technically difficulty but proved lifesaving for this patient. Arch Neurol, 1979 Sep, 36(9), 581 - 2 Value of second lumbar puncture in confirming a diagnosis of aseptic meningitis . A prospective study; Varki AP et al.; In patients with viral meningitis, polymorphonuclear leukocytes sometimes predominate in the CSF on initial examination . In a prospective analysis of this phenomenon, 16 consecutive patients with viral meningitis were followed up with serial CSF studies . The percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes showed a significant fall between initial and second examinations (41.75 +/- 27.0 to 8.6 +/- 8.78 {mean +/- 2 SD}, P less than .001), while total WBC counts and the protein and sugar content levels remained unchanged . Based mainly upon this "polymorph shift," antibiotic therapy was correctly withheld from 100% of patients reexamined . On subsequent examinations, the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells remained low . All patients recovered completely without any specific treatment . In otherwise healthy subjects with the aseptic meningitis syndrome, antibiotic therapy can be withheld even when polymorphonuclear cells predominate on initial CSF examination . If suspicion arises regarding the diagnosis, another examination will demonstrate a significant fall in polymorphonuclear cells if the initial impression was correct. J Neurosurg, 1979 Sep, 51(3), 408 - 14 Primary cerebellar nocardiosis . Report of two cases; Tyson GW et al.; The authors describe two cases of primary cerebellar nocardiosis . Confinement of Nocardia abscesses to a localized, accessible portion of the central nervous system should favor surgical cure of this aggressive and often fatal disease . In our two cases multilocularity, tenuous encapsulation, and proximity to the brain stem prevented complete primary excision . Nevertheless, the infections were effectively treated by intensive postoperative antibiotic therapy and, in one case, a second operation to excise the residual abscess . The need for the latter was suggested by the results of sequential computerized tomographic brain scans that were used to monitor the response to antibiotic therapy . In the absence of any apparent extracranial focus of infection and any overt condition that might impair immunological competence, nocardiosis is likely to be omitted from the preoperative differential diagnosis of a posterior fossa space-occupying lesion. Mol Biol (Mosk), 1979 Sep-Oct, 13(5), 1052 - 63 {Effect of rifampicin on the synthesis of bacterial RNA polymerase mRNA by means of hybrid plasmids}; Bass IA et al.; We studied the rate of synthesis of beta- and beta'-subunits of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the rate of beta-polypeptide mRNA synthesis in rifampicin-treated bacteria . The antibiotic doses used did not significantly inhibit the total RNA and protein synthesis in rifampicin-sensitive bacteria . For RNA-DNA hybridization experiments a pOD162 plasmid was constructed carrying a fragment of the rpoB gene and no other chromosome DNA regions . It is found that low doses of rifampicin cause an absolute and differential increase in the rate of synthesis of the specific mRNA for the beta-subunit, suggesting a stimulation of the corresponding gene transcription . However the absolute transcription stimulation does not fully correlate with the relative acceleration of beta-mRNA and the corresponding polypeptide synthesis . The stimulating effect of rifampicin on the beta-polypeptide synthesis was demonstrated also in a coupled system of transcription and translation directed by lambda rifd 47 DNA . The possible mechanisms of the rifampicin action are discussed. Antibiotiki, 1979 Sep, 24(9), 659 - 63 {Experimental protective action of kanamycin, ampicillin and their combination with methyluracil and pyrogenal}; Ordzhonikidze ZV; Efficacy of kanamycin, ampicillin and their combinations with methyluracyl and pyrogenal in experimental Coli infections was studied . The antibiotics were administered an hour after the infection . Methyluracyl and pyrogenal were used according to 2 schemes . Scheme No . I: the drug is used daily for 7 days in increasing doses, the last dose is administered 24 hours before the infection . Scheme No . 2: the drug is used once at the moment of the infection . The methyluracyl doses were: 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 mg and 5 mg and 5 mg per a mouse during the following 4 days . The pyrrogenal doses were: 5, 10, 15, 25, 30 and 35 minimum pyrogenic doses . 5 mg of methyluracyl and 35 minimum pyrogenic doses of pyrogenal were used according to scheme No . 2 . The most pronounced increase in the efficacy of kanamycin, ampicillin and their combination was observed in the animals treated simultaneously with methyluracyl and pyrogenal according to scheme No . 1 . The efficacy of kanamycin and ampicillin increased 3 and 2.68 times respectively . ED50 of kanamycin and ampicillin used in combination in the animals treated with methyluracyl and pyrogenal was lowered 4 and 2.9 times respectively as compared to that in the animal groups treated only with the antibiotic combination and 21 and 15.2 times respectively when the antibiotics were used alone . Sanation of the animal organs was also rather successful . A single administration of methyluracyl and pyrogenal simultaneously with the infection (scheme No . 2) had a lower effect on the efficacy. J Bacteriol, 1979 Sep, 139(3), 1072 - 4 New tool for studying interactions of components of ribonucleic acid polymerase: rifampin-dependent mutants; Dabbs ER; Mutants of Escherichia coli showing a rifampin-dependent phenotype were isolated from cells of strain CP78 mutagenized with ethyl methane sulfonate or nitrosoguanidine when an antibiotic underlay technique was used . The mutants varied greatly in their rifampin requirement . The minimum necessary concentration ranged from 1 to 50 micrograms/ml . The mutants could be divided into four phenotypic classes . These dependent mutants and their revertants should be a useful tool for probing interactions between the component polypeptides of ribonucleic acid polymerase and for studying the linkage of transcription with other cellular processes. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol, 1979 Sep, 211(3), 265 - 70 {Experimental investigations of the aqueous humor and blood serum of rabbits following injection of tobramycin}; Papapanos G et al.; In animal experiments the concentration of the antibiotic Tobramycin in the aqueous humor and blood serum following intramuscular and subconjunctival injections was tested by diffusion on agar plates . After intramuscular injections, only traces of Tobramycin were found in the aqueous humor, but a significantly higher concentration of the antibiotic was obtained by subconjunctival injections . The subconjunctival application of the antibiotic was well tolerated. J Membr Biol, 1979 Sep, 49(3), 235 - 51 Further evidence for the existence of an intrinsic bicarbonate-stimulated Mg2+-ATPase in brush border membranes isolated from rat kidney cortex; Kinne-Saffran E et al.; The aim of this study was to provide further evidence for the existence of a nonmitochondrial becarbonate-stimulated Mg2+-ATPase in brush border membranes derived from rat kidney cortex . A plasma membrane fraction rich in brush border microvilli and a mitochondrial fraction were isolated by differential centrifugation . Both fractions contain a Mg2+-ATPase activity which can be stimulated by bicarbonate . The two Mg2+-ATPases are stimulated likewise by chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfite or inhibited by oligomycin and aurovertin, though to different degrees . In contrast to these similarities, only the Mg2+-ATPase activity of the mitochondrial fraction is inhibited by atractyloside, a substance which blocks an adenine nucleotide translocator in the inner mitochondrial membrane . On the other hand, filipin, an antibiotic that complexes with cholesterol in the membranes inhibits exclusively the Mg2+-ATPase of the cholesterol-rich brush border membranes . Furthermore it could be demonstrated by the use of bromotetramisole, an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase activity, that the Mg2+-ATPase activity in the membrane fraction is not due to the presence of the highly active alkaline phosphatase in these membranes . These results support the assumption that an intrinsic bicarbonate-stimulated Mg2+-ATPase is present in rat kidney brush border membranes. Am J Med Sci, 1979 Sep-Oct, 278(2), 161 - 5 Shunt nephritis: demonstration of diphtheroid antigen in glomeruli; O'Regan S et al.; A 23-year-old girl with a ventriculo-atrial shunt presented with hematuria, proteinuria and severe oedema . Diphtheroid organisms were cultured from blood, cerebrospinal fluid and the shung valve . Immunoglobulin, complement components and diphtheroid antigenic material were demonstrated in the glomeruli by immunofluorescence microscopy . Treatment of her shunt infection by shunt replacement and antibiotic therapy resulted in slow resolution of her nephritis . The slow resolution of her nephritis suggests that prompt resolution of immune complex disease due to prolonged bacterial injection cannot always be anticipated, even after successful eradication of infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1979 Sep, 76(9), 4230 - 4 Conformation of gramicidin A channel in phospholipid vesicles: a 13C and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance study; Weinstein S et al.; We have determined the conformation of the channel-forming polypeptide antibiotic gramicidin A in phosphatidylcholine vesicles by using 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy . The models previously proposed for the conformation of the dimer channel differ in the surface localization of the NH2 and COOH termini . We have incorporated specific 13C and 19F nuclei at both the NH2, and COOH termini of gramicidin and have used 13C and 19F chemical shifts and spin lattice relaxation time measurements to determine the accessibility of these labels to three paramagnetic NMR probes--two in aqueous solution and one attached to the phosphatidylcholine fatty acid chain9 all of our results indicate that the COOH terminus of gramicidin in the channel is located near the surface of the membrane and the NH2 terminus is buried deep within the lipid bilayer . These findings strongly favor an NH2-terminal to NH2-terminal helical dimer as the major conformation for the gramicidin channel in phosphatidylcholine vesicles. J Med Chem, 1979 Sep, 22(9), 1019 - 23 BLEDTA: tumor localization by a bleomycin analogue containing a metal-chelating group; DeRiemer LH et al.; Two different Co(III) complexes of the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin have been prepared, and their in vivo distribution in mice has been investigated . The more thermodynamically stable of the Co(III)-bleomycin complexes has been modified by reaction with the bifunctional chelating agent 1-(p-bromoacetamidophenyl)ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid, to give a bleomycin derivative (BLEDTA) containing a powerful metal-chelating group . BLEDTA was radiolabeled with 111In(III) and its in vivo distribution in mice was examined . The potential of 111In-labeled BLEDTA as a tumor-visualizing agent was also investigated in humans with biopsy-proven cancers, predominantly (70%) squamous carcinoma of the head and neck . All of the 29 patients studied had at least one clinically proven site of the disease visualized with 111In-BLEDTA . These clinical results are significantly better than results we obtained in a comparable group of patients using directly labeled 111In-bleomycin and are similar to those reported by Nouel for 57Co-bleomycin {GANN Monogr . Cancer Res., 19, 301 (1976)}. Mycopathologia, 1979 Aug 31, 68(1), 23 - 9 Effect of amphotericin B on the metabolism of Aspergillus fumigatus; Sandhu DK; Action of amphotericin B on the growth and metabolism of Aspergillus fumigatus has been investigated . The fungus proved to be very sensitive to amphotericin B, showing complete inhibition of growth at 0.5 units/ml . Amphotericin B suppressed the exogenous and endogenous respiration and glycolysis of A . fumigatus as well as the assimilation of various glycolysis and TCA cycle intermediates . Addition of cations and cholesterol failed to reverse the action of amphotericin B . The treated mycelium released a variety of cellular constituents and it is inferred that the antibiotic effects the permeability of A . fumigatus cells . In experiments with 32P labelled mycelium phosphorus compounds leached out in concentrations which were dependent on the antibiotic dose, period of contact, incubation temperature and metabolic state of the fungus. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1979 Aug 23, 555(3), 519 - 23 Current-voltage relationship of the basolateral membrane of a tight epithelium; Wills NK et al.; The polyene antibiotic nystatin is used to reduce selectively to zero the apical membrane resistance of the rabbit descending colon, allowing the measurement of the current-voltage curve of the basolateral membrane . The I--V relationship is described by the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equations allowing calculation of PNa/PK, PCl/PK and PK for the basolateral membrane . Cs+ is found to block inward current (serosa to mucosa) in a manner similar to that found in excitable membranes. Lab Anim Sci, 1979 Aug, 29(4), 509 - 11 Congenital entropion in a litter of rabbits; Fox JG et al.; Conjunctivitis and blepharospasm were observed in a litter of four, 2-week-old New Zealand white rabbits . Corneal opacity and neovascularization of the cornea and entropion of the upper eyelids were observed when the rabbits were examined 10 weeks later . Conjunctival cultures of these rabbits yielded normal bacterial flora . Treatment with a steroid-antibiotic ophthalmic ointment did not alter the ocular abnormalities . Surgical correction of the entropion resulted in a complete regression of all clinical signs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 1979 Aug 1, 175(3), 289 - 2 Trombiculosis in a cat; Lowenstine LJ et al.; Trombiculosis (dermatitis caused by trombiculid mites) in a Domestic Shorthair cat was characterized by diffuse thickening and crusting of the skin of the abdomen and limbs and by multiple papules on the face, ears, and sides of the trunk . Skin biopsy revealed acanthosis and hyperkeratosis involving the epidermis and hair follicles, mites in epidermal tunnels, and edema of the dermis, with infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells . Mites from skin scrapings were identified as Walchia americana . The cat was treated systemically with a broad-spectrum antibiotic and topically with a carbaryl and pyrethrin powder preparation . The lesions were resolved within 2 months. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1979 Aug, 16(1), 49 - 52 Pharmacokinetics of cephacetrile in patients undergoing haemodialysis; Dominguez-Gil A et al.; The pharmacokinetics of cephacetrile were studied after its administration as a single i.v . bolus injection of 15 mg/kg body weight to 11 patients with terminal renal inpairment undergoing haemodialysis for 6 h . A two-compartment kinetic model was used to describe the biphasic decrease in plasma concentration . The quantities of antibiotic in the central and peripheral compartments, and the amounts eliminated, were calculated for different times . During haemodialysis sessions, the average pharmacokinetic parameters of cephacetrile determined at the dialyser input were: a = 5.03 h-1, beta = 0.458 h-1, K12 = 2.337 h-1, K21 = 1.996 h-1 K13 = 1.154 h-1, Vc = 5.5081, Vp = 6.4481, Vdss = 11.9561 . As a function of the pharmacokinetic parameters of cephacetrile, a regimen of multiple doses was established for patients with terminal renal impairment, which will guarantee safe and effective concentrations of the antibiotic. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1979 Aug, 73(4), 345 - 7 The primary isolation of Leishmania donovani from Iraq on different culture media; Rassam MB et al.; Leishmania donovani was isolated by culturing bone marrow aspirates from kala-azar patients, on three types of culture media . The isolation was successful in 88% of the cases . The effects of pH, D-glucose, L-proline and antibiotic concentration in the isolation were investigated . The semi-solid medium used (pH 7.4) with L-proline, was better than the modified NNN media for the primary isolation. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh), 1979 Aug, 45(2), 145 - 51 Reproductive and teratological studies with a new aminoglycoside: netilmicin (Sch 20569); Bamonte F et al.; Reproductive and teratological studies were undertaken with netilmicin (Sch 20569), a new semisynthetic aminolgycoside antibiotic structurally related to sisomicin . The administration of 32 and 80 mg/kg/day, by the intramuscular route, in the rat prior to and during pregnancy and lactation did not affect the fertility of animals, the resorptions rate and the vitality of the litters until the second generation . Also in the rabbit, the dose of 32 mg/kg/day by intramuscular route during pregnancy did not cause any embryotoxic effect . No gross malformations were observed in both species . The minor skeletal malformation, described as "wavy ribs", was observed at a significant level only in the rat foetuses generated by dams treated with a dose as high as 80 mg/kg/day by the intramuscular route. Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm, 1979 Aug, 17(8), 366 - 70 Pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin in patients undergoing hemodialysis; Garcia MJ et al.; The parmacokinetics of Cefoxitin were studied after an i.v . administration of 15 mg/kg body weight in 17 patients with terminal renal impairment, 10 of which were undergoing 6 hr hemodialysis sessions . The average pharmokinetic parameters obtained from this kind of patient were the following: alpha = 2.88 hr-1 beta = 0.18 hr-1 K12 = 1.43 hr-1 K21 = 1.04 hr-1 K13 = 0.53 hr-1 Vc = 8.23 l Vp = 11.61 l Vdss = 19.84 l . The amounts of the antibiotic in the central and peripheric compartments are established together with the amount of the antibiotic eliminated as a function of time . The pharmacokinetic parameters are significantly different from those established in the period between dialysis sessions, and thus, the elimination constant reaches a value of 0.28 h-1 . The degree of plasma protein binding of Cefoxitin is 41.46% during the hemodialysis sessions . A dosage regimen is programmed as a function of the pharmacokinetic parameters established for this kind of patient . It is recommended that an i.v . dose of 15 mg/kg body weight should be administered at the beginning and end of each dialysis session lasting 6 hours, when the periods between the sessions are 48 hours. Antibiotiki, 1979 Aug, 24(8), 619 - 22 {Use of carminomycin in combination with UHF hyperthermia in the therapy of sarcoma 180}; Lopatin VF et al.; It was found that combined treatment of sarcoma 180 with local U . H . F.-hyperthermia and carminomycin resulted in the tumor growth inhibition by more than 90 per cent, which was much higher than the effect of every agent alone . The thermochemotherapy allowed a decrease in the dose of the antibiotic without decreasing the antitumor effect . The U . H . F.-hyperthermia has an independent tumorolytic effect and promotes selective accumulation of carminomycin by the tumor. Antibiotiki, 1979 Aug, 24(8), 611 - 5 {Bioavailability of peroral drug forms of oxacillin}; Batuashvili TA et al.; Bioavailability of experimental tablets and capsules of oxacillin was studied . Significant differences in absorption of the antibiotic from the above dosage forms were found . By the amount of the antibiotic absorbed the capsules were 3 times more effective than the tablets containing the same amount of oxacillin . The therapeutic concentrations of oxacillin in the blood after the use of the capsules persisted by an hour longer than after the use of the tablets . The results of the study on oxacillin absorption in rabbits allowed a prediction of the antibiotic absorption levels in humans. Antibiotiki, 1979 Aug, 24(8), 604 - 8 {Comparative evaluation of methacycline hydrochloride capsules and tablets according to their dissolubility and rate of solution}; Berezovskaia LN et al.; Desintegration and dissolution of capsules and tablets of methacycline hydrochloride were studied . The study on solubility of methacycline hydrochliride capsules filled with methacycline granulate or powder according to the same formula showed that the rate of the antibiotic liberation from the capsules filled with the powder decreased during storage while that from the capsules filled with the granulate did not change . Investigation of the effect of the mass packing value in a drop on the antibiotic liberation from the capsules showed that an increase in the packing coefficient above 1.38 resulted in a marked decrease in the rate of methacycline liberation from the capsules filled with the granulate . No correlation between desintegration and dissolution of methacycline capsules and tablets was found. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1979 Aug, 210(2), 229 - 36 Cellular pharmacology of 7(R)-O-methylnogarol: a new anticancer agent; Egorin MJ et al.; The cellular accumulation and disposition of 7(R)-O-methylnogarol (7-OMEN), a derivative of the anthracycline antibiotic, nogalamycin, were compared to those of daunorubicin . Although both drugs were avidly accumulated by cells, intracellular concentrations of 7-OMEN were 5 to 10 times those of daunorubicin . Lowered temperature (0 degrees C) reduced intracellular accumulation of both drugs, but 10 mM sodium azide reduced the accumulation of 7-OMEN only . Both drugs exited from cells placed in drug-free medium, a process that was reduced at 0 degrees C . Sodium azide, 10 mM, did not alter the efflux of daunorubicin from cells but hastened the efflux of 7-OMEN . Unlike whole cells, isolated nuclei accumulated more daunorubicin than 7-OMEN . This process was not reduced at 0 degrees C . Both drugs were lost from nuclei placed in drug free buffer with only slight reduction at 0 degrees C . Unlike daunorubicin which localized in cell nuclei, 7-OMEN localized in the cytoplasm with no detectable nuclear fluorescence . Both drugs produced nearly equivalent dose-dependent inhibition of {3H}thymidine incorporation by L1210 and P388 cells . P388/ADR cells proved resistant to both anthracyclines . {3H}uridine and {3H}valine incorporations were inhibited by daunorubicin but were not altered by 7-OMEN. Blood, 1979 Aug, 54(2), 298 - 304 The effectiveness of rubidazone in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis); Stewart DJ et al.; Two patients with hairy cell leukemia treated with the anthracycline antibiotic rubidazone are presented . One achieved a complete remission and the other a good partial hematologic and bone marrow remission . Neither has relapsed (at 20 and 13 mo, respectively), and neither has been retreated . Intensive supportive measures were required during the prolonged myelosuppression that followed treatment . The relative youth of the patients (ages 24 and 39 yr) may have contributed to their ability to survive until normal marrow recovered . Chemotherapy should not be employed in the initial management of hairy cell leukemia . However, if life-threatening granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia occur secondary to bone marrow replacement by leukemic cells, and improvement does not occur using alternative methods of therapy, consideration could be given to chemotherapy with rubidazone . Facilities for intensive supportive care should be available. Helv Chir Acta, 1979 Aug, 46(3), 419 - 27 {Experiences with clindamycin in orthopedic surgery and traumatology}; Joller R et al.; 60 cases of orthopedic surgery and traumatology were treated 64 times altogether with an average dose of clindamycin of 3 X 300 mg/day . 40 patients were given clindamycin as preventive treatment . 12 patients were treated for acute infections of the locomotor system and other 8 patients 12 times for chronic osteitis . In the group having received preventive trqatment, infection occurred bu 1 out of 40 patients . As to the 12 cases of acute infections, 10 recovered, 1 improved and 1 patient got worse . Concerning the 12 treatments of 8 patients with chronic osteitis, in 1 case the inactivation of the infection was obtained . 9 cases showed significant improvement whereas in 2 cases an aggravation was noticed . In 5 patients the following side effects occurred: 2 cases of allergic exanthema, 2 cases of mild diarrhoe and 1 case of pyrosis . This study shows that clindamycin is an antibiotic with a broad field of application in orthopedic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1979 Aug, 64(2), 198 - 203 Combined report of problems and complications in 793 craniofacial operations; Whitaker LA et al.; We report the experiences in 6 major craniofacial centers, with similar teams but in different parts of the world, in a total of 793 craniofacial operations . The mortality rate was 1.6% . Complications developed in 16.5% of the cases (including infections in 4.4%) . This surgery has many potential advantages, not least of which is its psychosocial effects on previously disfigured patients . Certain problems seem inherent, however, for there are not yet any satisfactory solutions to them . Some of the factors that reduce morbidity and improve results include the use of hypotensive anesthesia, a reduction in operating time, rigid stabilization of the mobilized bones at the end of the operation, a diminution in the number of incisions, and extensive antibiotic therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1979 Aug, 76(8), 3852 - 6 Pore formation in lipid membranes by alamethicin; Fringeli UP et al.; The conformation of the linear peptide antibiotic alamethicin in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine multilayers was investigated in the absence of an electric field by means of infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy . Alamethicin was found to be incorporated into the lipid membrane not only in the dry state but also in an aqueous environment . Its molecular conformation, however, changed from a helix when dry to an extended chain when aqueous . The extended chain aggregated to di- and multimers spanning the lipid bilayer . The equilibrium concentration of alamethicin in the surrounding water was 90 nM, which is in the range of concentrations used in black film experiments . The corresponding molar ratio of lipid to peptide was 80:1 . Concerning the molecular mechanism of electric field-induced pore formation, one has to conclude that the dipole model proposed by several authors is very unlikely because it is based on the assumption that the major part of alamethicin is adsorbed on the membrane surface, from which small amounts flip into the membrane under the influence of an electric field . An alternative mechanism is proposed, based on a field-induced conformational change of the peptide from the extended state to a helix . This transition is favored by the resulting dipole moment of the alamethicin helix. Tsitologiia, 1979 Aug, 21(8), 942 - 6 {NAD+ synthesis in the isolated kidney cell nuclei of dogs after the intravenous administration of amphotericin B}; Pokrovskaia TG et al.; A study was made of the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the nuclei of kidney cells of dogs under normal conditions and upon the effect of the polyenic antibiotic amphotericin B . An active NAD-pyrophosphorylase has been found in the nuclei of kidney cells . It has been established that a intervenous introduction of amphotericin B stimulates NAD+ production . Amphotericin B also causes a decrease in the amount of histones in the nucleus . In the case of the nuclear membrane damage by a non-ionic detergent Triton X-100, no increase in the synthesis of NAD+ has been observed in the nuclei of kidney cells of animals treated with antibiotics, as opposed to the control ones . Under discussion is a question of a possible mechanism of the effect of polyenic antibiotics on the synthesis and metabolic activity of NAD+. Antibiotiki, 1979 Aug, 24(8), 566 - 70 {Importance of corn extract components for the biosynthesis of polymyxin B by B . polymyxa strain 1538}; Pavliuk IuV et al.; The effect of some components of corn-steep liquor, such as biotin, organic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and other mineral elements on biosynthesis of polymyxin B by B . polymyxa, strain 1538 was studied . It was found that biotin and organic nitrogen had the most significant effect on the antibiotic accumulation . The effect of inorganic phosphorus and other mineral elements on accumulation of polymyxin by B . polymyxa, strain 1538 was less significant. Tohoku J Exp Med, 1979 Aug, 128(4), 313 - 23 Cytotoxic effect of neocarzinostatin on human lymphoid cells; Maeda H et al.; Effect of a protein antitumor antibiotic, neocarzinostatin (NCS) was examined on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-carrying human lymphoid cell lines and normal human lymphocytes . A marked cytotoxic effect of NCS on umbilical cord lymphocytes freshly transformed by EBV was observed, whereas the cells before transformation were affected only very little by NCS . Majority of long-term cultured cell lines were affected only slightly, while shorter-term cultured lines were more susceptible to the effect of NCS . An uptake of FITC-labeled NCS into cells was examined by fluorescence microscopy . The incorporation by the freshly transformed cells was higher than that by the longer-term cultured cell lines . Normal lymphyocytes or heat-killed cells, however, incorporated FITC-NCS very little . On the basis of the known mode of action of NCS on DNA and the present observation, the cytotoxicity of NCS appeared to be exerted within the cells. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss, 1979 Aug, 72(8), 857 - 61 {Recurrent acute pericarditis . 20 cases}; Clementy J et al.; 62 of 100 cases of acute pericarditis observed over 15 years were so-called acute benign pericarditis . 20 of these patients (30%) had multiple relapses . Relapse could not be predicted . The interval between the initial affection and first relapse was usually more than one month (18/20) . Each relapse was accompanied by pain, fever, ST-T changes, slight cardiomegaly and acceleration of the ESR . Corticotherapy appeared to be responsible for relapse in 13 cases . In 6 cases the eradication of a deep septic focus prevented further relapses . In two cases the duration of anti-inflammatory therapy was thought to have been insufficient . Antibiotic therapy did not seem to be a provocative factor . Relapses may be numerous (10 to 12) and prolonged (24-36 months) especially in the corticodependant forms in which steroids should be tailed off gradually according to a strict protocol. Cancer, 1979 Aug, 44(2), 431 - 6 Treatment of acute leukemia in protected environment units; Bodey GP et al.; Thirty evaluable patients with acute leukemia (AL), aged 14 to 48-year-old received remission induction chemotherapy on a protected environment-prophylactic antibiotic program . Twenty-seven (90%) of these patients achieved complete remission and 17 remained in complete remission for 1 to 22 months . Although these patients spent 36% of their time with neutrophil counts less than 100/mm3, they spent only 20% of their time with fever . Major infection was present during only 7% of the days when neutrophil count was less than 100/mm3 . No patient died of an infectious complication during remission induction therapy. Gann, 1979 Aug, 70(4), 411 - 20 Combination chemotherapy with a new anthracycline glycoside, aclacinomycin-A, and active drugs for malignant lymphomas in P388 mouse leukemia system; Fujimoto S et al.; Aclacinomycin-A is a new anthracycline glycoside and has less cardiotoxicity than adriamycin . In an attempt to provide an experimental model of a phase III study of aclacinomycin-A, particularly for the treatment of malignant lymphomas, various therapeutic designs of combinations of this drug with other conventional agents were investigated using a P388 mouse leukemia system . Aclacinomycin-A showed no treatment schedule dependency in this tumor system and the optimal dosage of this drug was twice higher than that of adriamycin on each treatment schedule; i.e., single treatment on day 1, three treatments on days 1, 5, and 9, or 10 treatments on every other day from days 1 to 19 after an inoculation of 10(6) leukemic cells on day 0 . This antibiotic was ineffective against an adriamycin-resistant subline of P388 leukemia . Among combinations of aclacinomycin-A with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, or bleomycin, the combinations of aclacinomycin-A with cyclophosphamide or vincristine showed a therapeutic synergism in P388 leukemia system. Gann, 1979 Aug, 70(4), 403 - 10 Reduction of anthracycline glycoside by NADPH--cytochrome P-450 reductase; Komiyama T et al.; The in vitro degradation of the new antitumor anthracycline antibiotic, aclacinomycin-A, was studied using rat liver homogenate . In the presence of NADH or NADPH, the glycosidic bond at C-7 position of aclacinomycin-A was reductively cleaved to produce 7-deoxyaklavinone and 7-deoxyaklavinone dimer, MA144 E1 . Subcellular fractionation indicated that most of the enzyme activity was present in the microsomal fraction and required anaerobic condition and NADPH . The purified enzyme reduced the glycosidic metabolites, MA144 M1 and MA144 N1, as well as aclacinomycin-A . The optimum pH for the anthracycline glycoside reductase reaction using aclacinomycin-A as substrate was 7.4 . The enzyme was sigmoidally saturated with aclacinomycin-A and showed the concentration of 1.2 x 10(-4) M required for half maximal activity, and Km value of 7.7 x 10(-5) M for NADPH . The degradative pathway of aclacinomycin-A and its glycosidic metabolites was discussed. Gann, 1979 Aug, 70(4), 395 - 401 Reduction of cinerulose in aclacinomycin-A by soluble and microsomal cinerulose reductases; Komiyama T et al.; The in vitro metabolism of the antitumor anthracycline antibiotic, aclacinomycin-A, was studied using rat liver homogenate . In the presence of NADH or NADPH, aclacinomycin-A was converted to aclacinomycin-A analogs, MA144 M1 and MA144 N1, which were stereospecifically reduced at the keto group of the C-4''' position of L-cinerulose in aclacinomycin-A . Subcellular fractionation indicated that the production of MA144 M1, which was reduced to L-amicetose, was catalyzed by NADPH-dependent soluble cinerulose reductase I, and the production of MA144 N1, which was reduced to L-rhodinose, was catalyzed by NADPH-dependent soluble cinerulose reductase II and NADH-dependent microsomal cinerulose reductase . The properties of these three enzymes were studied . Soluble cinerulose reductase I which produces MA144 M1 showed a optimum pH at 6.3, Km values of 3.3 x 10(-4) M for aclacinomycin-A and 3.2 x 10(-5) M for NADPH . Soluble cinerulose reductase II which produces MA144 N1 showed a pH optimum at 6.3 and Km values of 2.0 x 10(-3) M for aclacinomycin-A and 4.0 x 10(-5) M for NADPH . All thesse reductases were sensitive to sulfhydryl reagents and were inhibited by vitamin K3 . Microsomal cinerulose reductase showed sensitivity to diconmarol and ferrous ion . The main nondegradative pathways of aclacinomycin-A were discussed from these results. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1979 Jul 26, 563(2), 479 - 89 The cross-resistance of mouse blasticidin S-resistant cell lines to puromycin and sparsomycin, inhibitors of ribosome function; Kuwano M et al.; The antibiotic blasticidin S inhibits peptide-chain elongation in extracts of bacteria and mammalian cells . After spontaneous or nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, we have isolated 46 blasticidin S-resistant (Blar) cell lines independently from mouse mammary carcinoma cells (FM3a) . Among those Blar clones, we studied two clones, a spontaneously induced one (S501) and a nitrosoguanidine mutagenized one (N742) in more detail . The resistant phenotype of these Blar cells is retained without change for at least four months in the absence of the antibiotic . These Blar cells are 10- to 20-fold more resistant to the cytotoxic action of the antibiotic than their parental cells in vivo . Polyuridylate dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis in vitro with S-30 extracts either from N742 or S501 is 10- to 50-fold more resistant to the inhibitory action of blasticidin S compared to the parental FM3a cells . Ribosomes from FM3a and N742 are fractionated into 40-S and 60-S subunits, and polyphenylalanine synthesis by mixing them in various combinations with S-100 fraction from mouse leukemia L5178Y cells indicating that the resistant phenotype of Blar cells is due to the alteration of 60 S ribosomal subunit . We also found that these two Blar cell lines (N742 and S501) show cross-resistance to gougerotin, puromycin and sparsomycin, but not to emetine or cycloheximide . The polyribosomal pattern of FM3a (Blas) and N742 was compared when the cells were incubated with 3 microgram/ml puromycin for 6 h . Puromycin treatment of Blas cells induced accumulation of monosomes and ribosomal subunits, while little if any transition of polyribosomes into monosome and ribosomal subunits appeared in its counterpart N742 treated with the same dose of puromycin. J Biol Chem, 1979 Jul 25, 254(14), 6684 - 90 Biosynthesis of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline by Streptomyces griseoviridus; Katz E et al.; Radioisotopic experiments have revealed that free trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline is an intermediate synthesized from L-proline during formation of the peptide-bound cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline residue in the antibiotic, etamycin . This conclusion was based on the fact that 1) both radiolabeled L-proline and trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline are precursors of the bound D-imino acid as noted previously by Hook and Vining ((1973) J . Chem . Soc . Chem . Commun . 185-186; (1973) Can . J . Biochem . 51, 1630-1637), 2) the unlabeled trans isomer specifically inhibited the incorporation of radiolabel from proline into the antibiotic, 3) the 14C-hydroxyimino-acid was isolated from the intracellular pool and medium following incubations with L-{14C}proline during antibiotic biosynthesis and when etamycin synthesis was blocked by D-leucine . By means of chromatographic and enzymatic analyses, it was established that the free imino acid possesses the trans-L configuration. J Biol Chem, 1979 Jul 25, 254(14), 6572 - 6 Biological activities of the two major components of tunicamycin; Mahoney WC et al.; Tunicamycin, an antibiotic that inhibits the transfer of N-acetyglucosamine-1-phosphate from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to dolichol monophosphate and thereby blocks the formation of protein-carbohydrate linkages of the N-glycosidic type, is not a single compound but a mixture of homologous antibiotics . Two major and eight minor homologs have been identified, all of which possess the ability to inhibit protein glycosylation . The biological activities of the two major components of tunicamycin were investigated and found to differ in their ability to inhibit protein glycosylation and in their effectiveness to inhibit protein synthesis . When completely blocking mannose incorporation into protein, one homolog inhibited protein synthesis by 50% while the other had only a negligible effect . The results demonstrate that differences in biological activity can be discriminated among tunicamycin homologs. Can Med Assoc J, 1979 Jul 21, 121(2), 184 - 7 {Renal and perinephritic abscesses in children}; Laroche B et al.; One child with a pure perinephric abscess and three with renal abscesses, one of which had perinephric extension, are described . All presented with a long course of subacute infection leading to localizing symptoms or signs in the flank . The diagnosis was confirmed by radiologic examination . All the abscesses were surgically drained at various intervals after diagnosis, while the patients were receiving antibiotic therapy . Salvage of renal function was possible in all cases . A rational approach to the diagnosis and management of such abscesses is emphasized. J Biol Chem, 1979 Jul 10, 254(13), 6119 - 27 Biosynthesis of N-glycosidically linked glycoproteins during gastrulation of sea urchin embryos; Heifetz A et al.; Embryos of the sea urchin, Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus, synthesize several classes of sulfated and non-sulfated glycoproteins during gastrulation . The antibiotic tunicamycin, which is a specific inhibitor of the N-glycosylation of proteins, inhibits the synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides in these embryos at concentrations which have little effect on the biosynthesis of other classes of glycolipids or on protein synthesis . As a consequence of this inhibition, glycoproteins with oligosaccharide side chains of the general type (Man)5-7-(GlcNAc)2 are not synthesized . In addition, the biosynthesis of a novel class of sulfated glycoproteins is inhibited . In contrast, no effect upon the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans is seen . The morphogenetic consequence of tunicamycin treatment is that development of embryos from the mesenchyme blastula to the gastrula stage is arrested . The results provide evidence that during development glycoproteins containing both unsulfated and sulfated N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharide chains are synthesized via the lipid-linked pathway . The biosynthesis of these molecules appears to be a prerequisite to the differentiation and morphogenesis that occurs during gastrulation. Can J Surg, 1979 Jul, 22(4), 382 - 4 Anaerobic mediastinitis and septic shock secondary to esophageal perforation; Turcot R et al.; The authors report unusual complications arising from the ingestion of a small fish bone by a 68-year-old man . These included mediastinitis, empyema, pericarditis and septic shock, probably secondary to a small perforation of the esophagus . After appropriate surgical drainage, antibiotic therapy and supportive therapy the patient made a good recovery. Arch Dis Child, 1979 Jul, 54(7), 555 - 6 Pulmonary candidiasis in cystic fibrosis; Jenner BM et al.; A child with cystic fibrosis and asthma developed pulmonary candidiasis . Predisposing factors in this patient were prolonged antibiotic therapy, high-dose corticosteroids, and intravenous catherisation . A diagnosis was made by lung puncture and confirmed by rapid response to 5-fluorocytosine. Mikrobiologiia, 1979 Jul-Aug, 48(4), 620 - 4 {Lipid component of Streptomyces levoris membranes}; Ziuzina ML et al.; The total composition of membranes is characterized in Streptomyces levoris producing the polyene antibiotic levorin in the course of its growth; the lipid component has been studied in detail . The membranes contained protein (50--55%), lipids (37--40%), carbohydrates (3--4%), and RNA (2--3%) . The ratio between the main components hardly changed with age and only the content of total phosphorus in the membranes decreased noticeably . The lipid component was represented mainly by polar lipids (80--90%); phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositolmannoside and cardiolipin prevalied . The content of phospholipids in the fraction of polar lipids gradually decreased . The possibility of substituting phospholipids by analogues containing no phosphorus is discussed . The fatty acid spectrum of membranous lipids was represented mainly by saturated fatty acids with a branched chain of the iso and anteiso series, and changed with age only to a minor extent. Eur J Biochem, 1979 Jul, 97(2), 495 - 502 Polymerization of the bacterial elongation factor for protein synthesis, EF-Tu; Beck BD; The bacterial elongation factor for protein synthesis, EF-Tu, polymerizes into fibrils at pH 6.0 . These fibrils are 0.7 microM in diameter, at least 200 microns in length, and are positively birefringent . Electron microscopic observations of negatively stained images demonstrates that the EF-Tu fibrils consist of bundles of individual filaments, approximately 5nm in diameter, aligned parallel to the long axis of the fibril . Polymerized EF-Tu exchanges nucleotide rapidly and interacts with the other elongation factor, EF-Ts . The antibiotic kirromycin induces the polymerization of EF-Tu into fibrils and even larger structures under nonpolymerizing conditions. J Urol, 1979 Jul, 122(1), 132 - 3 Urogenital aspects of actinomycosis; Ellis LR et al.; Urogenital actinomycosis has always been a rare entity, limited to a few cases in any series . Treatment is highly successful but diagnosis remains elusive owing to low incidence, variable clinical picture, and biopsy and culture uncertainties . The general incidence of actinomycosis is believed to be decreasing in recent years but many infections may go undiagnosed while being suppressed or cured by conventional antibiotic therapy given for other resons . Our incidence of 4 cases of genitourinary and abdominal actinomycosis occurring in a 1-year period is highly unusual but the reasons remain speculative . Prior operation, abortion and induced infection via an intrauterine device were probably contributory . Whatever the case, if our experience is shared by others, genitourinary actinomycosis deserves more prominent diagnostic consideration in the future. South Med J, 1979 Jul, 72(7), 882 - 4 Endocarditis involving a left ventricular apicoaortic valve-bearing conduit; Shea PM et al.; Fatal infectious endocarditis involving a left ventricular apicoaortic valve-bearing conduit occurred in a 20-year-old man . Risk factors included early postoperative wound infection, broad spectrum suppressive antibiotic administration, and inadequate dental prophylaxis against infectious indocarditis . Palliative therapy included intravenous antibiotic administration and removal of the conduit . Lessons learned are discussed. Laryngoscope, 1979 Jul, 89(7 Pt 1), 1099 - 104 Solitary frontal sinus fracture; Adkins WY et al.; Both the anterior and/or posterior wall of the frontal sinus as well as the nasofrontal duct may be injured by blunt force, commonly secondary to automobile accidents . In this group of 13 solitary frontal sinus fractures, the anterior wall was involved in all cases, and the posterior wall in 2 . Antibiotic therapy was given to prevent anticipated infection . Comminuted or depressed fractures of the anterior wall were treated by elevation and/or wiring . Surgical treatment was not employed when there was a linear fracture of the anterior wall in good alignment . Posterior wall fragments were removed and periosteal flaps used to close the defect when the dura was intact . One case required neurosurgical treatment for a dural tear and necrotic frontal lobe cortex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1979 Jul, 210(1), 98 - 100 Effect of cephaloridine on respiration by renal cortical mitochondria; Tune BM et al.; The effects of the nephrotoxic antibiotic, cephaloridine, were studied in rabbit renal cortical mitochondria . Mitochondria from animals which received a toxic dose of 200 mg/kg of the drug 2 hr before sacrifice (in vivo exposure) had significantly decreased rates of respiration compared with those of mitochondria from untreated control animals . In vitro exposure of normal mitochondria to cephaloridine resulted in a qualitatively similar decrease of respiration . With both in vivo and in vitro exposure, inhibition was greatest with ADP-dependent respiration using succinate as substrate . The severity of in vitro inhibition of respiration showed some correlation to the degree of in situ cytotoxicity at different cephaloridine concentrations . The results are in agreement with the finding of a reduction of rates of respiration in renal tubule suspensions after similar in vivo and in vitro exposure to cephaloridine . These studies provide preliminary evidence that cephaloridine nephrotoxicity may be mediated through an inhibitory effect on mitochondrial respiration. J Immunol, 1979 Jul, 123(1), 389 - 95 Re-expression of nonglycosylated surface IgA in trypsin-treated MOPC 315 plasmacytoma cells; Hickman S et al.; The importance of glycosylation for the re-expression of surface immunoglobulin in trypsin-treated MOPC 315 plasmacytoma cells was examined by using tunicamycin, an antibiotic that prevents glycosylation by inhibiting the formation of N-acetylglucosamine-lipid intermediates . Tunicamycin greatly inhibited the secretion of nonglycosylated MOPC 315 IgA in trypsin-treated cells . Two hours after trypsin treatment, there was an 80% inhibition of secretion as measured by immunoprecipitation assays of biosynthetically labeled immunoglobulin . However, tunicamycin had no effect on the time course of re-expression of surface IgA in these cells as measured by TNP-sheep erythrocyte rosette formation and {125I} TNP-albumin binding to the plasmacytoma cells . Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 125I-labeled cell surface IgA re-expressed in the presence of tunicamycin revealed a protein with an apparent m.w . identical to nonglycosylated MOPC 315 alpha-chains, further suggesting that nonglycosylated surface IgA was being inserted into the plasma membrane . This protein did not bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose . These data suggest that in MOPC 315 plasmacytoma cells, glycosylation is necessary for immunoglobulin secretion but not for immunoglobulin expression at the cell surface. Cancer Res, 1979 Jul, 39(7 Pt 1), 2787 - 91 DNA strand scission in vivo and in vitro by auromomycin; Suzuki H et al.; The mechanism of action of auromomycin, a new tumor-inhibitory antibiotic, was studied in a growing culture of mouse lymphoblastoma L5178Y cells and with isolated viral DNA . Auromomycin prevented growth of L5178Y cells completely and irreversibly at antibiotic concentrations higher than 0.03 microgram/ml . DNA synthesis was preferentially inhibited by the antibiotic, whereas RNA and protein syntheses were not significantly affected . In synchronous cultures of L5178Y cells, results indicated that limited auromomycin-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis may occur independently of a much stronger inhibition of mitosis . In a short incubation period, a marked strand scission in cellular DNA of auromomycin-treated L5178Y cells was observed by an analysis of alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation . In vitro, the antibiotic also induced strand breaks in linear duplex T-7 phage DNA and in the supercoiled circular duplex of SV40 DNA . 2-Mercaptoethanol neither enhanced nor was required for strand scission of isolated DNA by auromomycin . These data indicate that the mechanism of the antitumor activity of auromomycin is different from that of bleomycin, neocarzinostatin, or macromomycin. Fertil Steril, 1979 Jul, 32(1), 87 - 92 Morphologic characteristics of the chemically induced acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa; Russell L et al.; The morphologic changes accompanying the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa, as it is induced by the antibiotic A23187 and calcium ions, are described . The reaction is shown to be similar to that observed in other species when the reaction occurs spontaneously or is induced by physiologic fluids . The reaction in human spermatozoa differs from the chemically induced reaction in other species in that plasma membrane microfilaments, prominent in the boar, and tubular-like elements prominent in boar, rabbit, and monkey sperm, are not observed . Motility remains high when human spermatozoa are treated with A23187 and calcium and it is possible that these agents may be useful in the study of certain causes of infertility. Minerva Stomatol, 1979 Jul-Sep, 28(3), 241 - 3 {Death after a dental infection}; Gotte P; The pertinent features of life-threatening complications of dental infections have been briefly reviewed with particular emphasis on the alterations of the clinical features of these conditions induced by antibiotic therapy . The clinician who deals with dental infection must exercise a high index of suspicion to consistently abort the development of these complications, especially when treating debilitated patients or individuals with compromised immune functions. Acta Cytol, 1979 Jul-Aug, 23(4), 282 - 6 The prevalence of actinomycetes-like organisms found in cervicovaginal smears of 300 IUD wearers; Jones MC et al.; PIP: 300 Papanicolaou smears from current IUD wearers were rescreened to determine the prevalence of actinomycetes . Of the 300 patients, 59 showed actinomycetes-like organisms in cervicovaginal smears . Of the 59 positive cases, 51 (of 200, 25%) were from public health clinics and 8 (of 100, 8%) were from private patients . Of 21 patients complaining of irregular bleeding, only 4 had positive actinomycete cultures . In cases positive for the organisms there was no correlation of prevalence found with the phase of the menstrual cycle or with menstruation itself . A case history of actinomycosis is included . Although the presence of Actinomyces probably represents an opportunitistic pathogenic infection, management of this infection is important to eradicate the threat of pelvic actinomycosis . In the case history described, however, antibiotic therapy failed, and a complete abdominal hysterectomy was performed . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1979 Jul, 76(7), 3343 - 7 Role of carbohydrate in biological function of the adhesive glycoprotein fibronectin; Olden K et al.; We have investigated the role of the carbohydrate moiety in the biological activity of fibronectin in vitro by using tunicamycin to inhibit the glycosylation of this glycoprotein . Tunicamycin is a glucosamine-containing antibiotic that specifically inhibits glycosylation of protein asparaginyl residues mediated by dolichol pyrophosphate . Fibronectin synthesized in the presence of 0.5 microgram of tunicamycin per ml was not glycosylated, as determined by amino sugar analysis, lack of incorporation of {14C}glucosamine and {3H}mannose, and concanavalin A binding studies . Nonglycosylated fibronectin that was isolated from chicken embryo fibroblasts and added to transformed cells in vitro was as effective as the glycosylated protein in promoting a more normal fibroblastic phenotype, including cell flattening, elongation of cell processes, and parallel alignment of cells . The nonglycosylated protein was also as effective as the glycosylated species in mediating cell attachment to collagen and spreading on plastic, as well as in agglutination of formalin-fixed sheep erythrocytes . The nonglycosylated protein was twice as sensitive as the glycosylated protein to proteolytic hydrolysis in vitro as had been suggested by previous studies with intact cells {Olden, K., Pratt, R.M . & Yamada, K.M . (1978) Cell 13, 461-473} . We conclude that the carbohydrate moiety of fibronectin is not required for the mediation of a number of biological activities characteristic of this glycoprotein. J Clin Pharmacol, 1979 Jul, 19(7), 390 - 1 Streptozotocin (NSC-85998) in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia . A Southwest Oncology Group study; Dyment PG et al.; Streptozotocin (NSC-85998), a nitrosourea antibiotic, was given to 18 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia in relapse in a dose of 500 mg/m2/day intravenously every day for five days . There were no responses in 14 fully evaluable patients . The principal toxicity consisted of gastrointestinal disturbances . Based on our findings and those of others in adults, steptozotocin appears to play no role in the management of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Tsitologiia, 1979 Jul, 21(7), 809 - 15 {Effect of gramicidin on the potassium conductance of an isolated frog muscle fiber}; Shvinka NE et al.; The antibiotic gramicidin A (1.10(-6) M) increases the K+ conductance of normal and detubulated frog skeletal muscle fibres in isotonic K2SO4 solution to a steady-state level, which is reached in 6--9 min, and corresponds to 8058 +/- 1669 and 5767 +/- 902 Om-1 . 10(-6)/cm2, resp . There is no correlation between the initial K+ conductance and the value of the steady state of gramicidin A-induced conductance (r = 0.24) . According to the dimer hypothesis, the dissociation rate constant of the garmicidin channels was found to be 0.006 +/- 0.0001 sec-1 . This result supports the suggestion of a higher stability of gramicidin channels in muscle compared to the bimolecular lipid membranes. J Pharm Sci, 1979 Jul, 68(7), 853 - 6 Interaction of streptonigrin with metals and with DNA; Rao KV; The antitumor antibiotic, streptonigrin, interacted with zinc, copper, and manganese but not with calcium or magnesium, as indicated by spectral shifts and difference spectra . The titration data showed the formation of 1:1 complexes, and further titration continued to show spectral shifts until a molar ratio for zinc to streptonigrin of 5-10 to 1 was reached . Streptonigrin interacted with DNA only in the presence of a metal ion such as zinc . Streptonigrin titration with DNA at varying zinc molar equivalents revealed that one antibiotic molecule required 5-7 moles of zinc and 20-25 moles of DNA-phosphorus for complexation . Similar values were obtained from gel permeation chromatography. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1979 Jun 13, 554(1), 23 - 38 The effect of surface charge density on valinomycin-K+ complex formation in model membranes; Caspers J et al.; The model membrane approach was used to investigate the surface charge effect on the ion-antibiotic complexation process . Mixed monolayers of valinomycin and lipids were spread on subphases containing K+ or Na+ . The surface charge density was modified by spreading ionizable valinomycin analogs on aqueous subphases of different pH or by changing the nature of the lipid (neutral, negatively charged) in the mixed film . Surface pressure and surface potential measurements demonstrated that a neutral lipid (phosphatidylcholine) or positively charged valinomycin analogs didn't enhance the anti-biotic complexing capacity . However, a maximal complexation is reached for a critical lipid concentration in the valinomycin-phosphatidylserine mixed film . The role of the surface charge on the valinomycin complexing properties was examined in terms of the Gouy-Chapman theory . As a consequence of the negative charge of the lipid monolayer, the K+ concentration near the surface is larger than the bulk concentration, by a Boltzmann factor . A good agreement was observed between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions . Conductance measurements of asymmetric bilayers containing a neutral lipid (egg lecithin) on one side and a negatively charged lipid (phosphatidyl-serine) on the other, confirm the role of the surface charge . Indeed, addition of K+ to the neutral side of the bilayer containing valinomycin had no effect on the conductance whereas addition of K+ to the charged side of the bilayer caused a 80-fold conductance increase. J Biol Chem, 1979 Jun 10, 254(11), 4731 - 8 Migration of 40 S ribosomal subunits on messenger RNA when initiation is perturbed by lowering magnesium or adding drugs; Kozak M; Migration of 40 S ribosomal subunits on messenger RNA, detected previously in experiments using the antibiotic edeine (Kozak, M., and Shatkin, A.J . (1978) J . Biol . Chem . 253, 6568-6577) has now been observed in the presence of other inhibitors of initiation . 40 S subunit migration has been detected in both wheat germ and reticulocyte lysates treated with edeine, pactamycin, or sodium fluoride . The variety of structurally unrelated inhibitors that mediate this effect argues against the interpretation that migration is a drug-induced artifact . Indeed, limited migration of 40 S ribosomes occurs upon simply lowering the magnesium concentration, in the absence of inhibitors . Thus, migration seems to be an inherent property of 40 S ribosomal subunits and might be involved in the mechanism by which eukaryotic ribosomes select initiation sites in messenger RNA. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1979 Jun 2, 553(3), 450 - 9 Mechanism of blockage of amphotericin B channels in a lipid bilayer; Borisova MP et al.; A number of organic compounds (non-electrolytes, tetraalkylammonia, etc.) with a molecular size of 6--8 angstrom decrease the conductance of ionic channels formed in the lipid bilayer by a polyene antibiotic amphotericin B . It is suggested that these compounds, upon entering the channel, block the passage of inorganic ions . The extent of conductance blockage by organic ions depends on the membrane potential and electrolyte concentration . In the presence of ionic blockers, for instance tetraethylammonium, amphotericin B-containing membranes assume some properties characteristic of excitable membranes, i.e . the current-voltage characteristic acquires the negative resistance region, and in response to a potential step activation followed by inactivation of conductance is observed . It is shown that the potential dependence of the blockage is due to interaction inside the channel of the blocker ion with penetrating ions, by a mechanism similar to that described by Armstrong ((1979) Q . Rev . Biophys . 7, 179--210) for blockage of squid axon potassium channels by ammonium derivatives. Antibiotiki, 1979 Jun, 24(6), 449 - 54 {Comparison of the action of carminomycin and rubomycin on the dynamics of the primary and secondary immune responses}; Liashenko VA et al.; The effect of rubomycin and carminomycin on the dynamics of the primary and secondary immune response and formation of the immunologic memory to sheep red cells in mice was studied . Differences in the character of the antibiotics effect indicative of the higher selective action of carminomycin on multiplying cells, precursors of the antibody-forming plasmids, were found . Theoretically interesting discrepancies in the effect of the antibiotics on the content of the antibodies in the serum and the antibody-producing cells in the spleen were shown . It was demonstrated that carminomycin had no effect on formation of the immunologic memory inspite of a noticeable decrease in the total number of the spleen nuclear cells and the number of the antibody-forming cells at the moment of immunization under the effect of the antibiotic. Neurology, 1979 Jun, 29(6), 890 - 3 Disseminated actinomycosis with spinal cord compression: report of two cases; Lane T et al.; We studied two patients with vertebral actinomycosis and symptoms of spinal cord compression . Both patients had a chronic illness characterized by multiple draining skin lesions, weight loss, and progressive leg weakness . They responded to antibiotic therapy and corticosteroids without neurosurgical intervention . The patients were treated with antibiotics for 12 months, and remained well, without major neurologic disorder, for 2 years after stopping medication. J Pediatr Surg, 1979 Jun, 14(3), 329 - 31 Liver abscess; Larsen LR et al.; A liver abscess may occur secondary to an umbilical vein catheterization or infection in other parts of the body, and is associated with immune deficiencies, especially chronic granulomatous disease . There are no specific signs and symptoms, but an unexplained fever with upper abdominal tenderness and an enlarged liver were present in all of our cases . A liver-spleen scan is the most useful diagnostic test, demonstrating a filling defect in the liver . A single abscess may be unroofed and drained . When multiple abscesses are found, as many as possible are drained, but long-term specific antibiotic therapy is the most important treatment. Clin Orthop, 1979 Jun, (141), 96 - 101 Effect of gentamicin on shear and interface strengths of bone cement; Moran JM et al.; Antibiotic impregnated cement offers a potential method for salvage of infected total joint replacements . The addition of gentamicin in concentrations of .5, 1.0, and 2.0 per 40 significantly affects the shear strength of Palacos acrylic bone cement . The clinical significance of this strnegth drop is not clear . Large grained antibiotic additives have deleterious effect on shear strength . Measurements were made to determine the effect of gentamicin concentration on the bone-cement interface strength but no trend could be determined . The interface strength was much less than the strength of Palacos alone and suggested that bone strength is the limiting factor. Acta Orthop Scand, 1979 Jun, 50(3), 245 - 9 Effects of cloxacillin, doxycycline, fusidic acid and lincomycin on the mechanical properties of bone and skin in young rats; Engesaeter LB et al.; The influence of cloxacillin, doxycycline, fuside acid and lincomycin on the mechanical properties of bone and skin in young rats was examined . The concentrations of the antibiotics in plasma corresponded to therapeutic levels in man . After 14 days of medication the weights of the rats receiving cloxacillin or doxycycline were significantly less when compared with the controls . The doxycycline, the fusidic acid and the lincomycin treated rats had reduced longitudinal growth of femur and reduced tensile strength of intact skin . No differences between any of the antibiotic groups and the control group were found in the tensile strength of incisional skin wounds or in the mechanical properties of the femur and tibia. Cutis . 1979 Jun;23(6):808. A cure for recurrent furunculosis; Broughton R; A therapy for recurrent boils using antibiotic ointment over the entire integument is described herein . Rather than eradicating the individual nidus of infection, the skin is allowed to muster its own defenses, resulting in fewer, and eventually no, eruptions. Br J Urol, 1979 Jun, 51(3), 208 - 10 Vesicovaginal fistulae; Kelly J; PIP: 161 Ethiopian and 33 British women with vesicovaginal fistulae, of which 26 also had rectovaginal fistulae, are presented with an introduction on patient management . The most common cause was pressure necrosis in obstructed labor, or injury during operative deliver (128) . There were a few cases caused by incisions done locally . 28 were secondary to gynecological surgery . Repairs were done after a waiting period of 8-12 weeks for antibiotic therapy and resolution of edema . Methods included deep episiotomy, incision of fibrotic bands, scar tissue and vaginal stenosis, and reconstruction of the urethra . The ureters were catheterized if necessary to prevent injury . Repairs were done in 2 layers with 2/0 atraumatic catgut or 3.0 atraumatic polyglycolic acid interrupted inverting sutures . Many African cases with fixation to the pubic bone were repaired with an atraumatic needle to penetrate the periosteum . The Martius procedure of grafting a pedicle from the labium majus was used when there was a large fistula or extensive scarring . Transplantation of the gracilis muscle subcutaneously to the lower vagina for support was also employed . The vaginal skin was closed with interrupted everting non-absorbable sutures . In extensive stenosis, flaps of vulval skin were used to close the vaginal defect . Bladder catheters were kept in place for 3 weeks . 131 patients were cured on the 1st attempt (81.4%) . 7 of the 17 who still had stress incontinence improved with exercises . 33 women subsequently became pregnant, with 12 vaginal deliveries, and 3 stillbirths and fistula breakdowns . Arch Dermatol, 1979 Jun, 115(6), 713 - 5 Allergic hypersensitivity to neomycin . Relationship between patch test reactions and 'use' tests; Prystowsky SD et al.; The prevalence of neomycin patch test sensitivity in the general population is approximately 1% . We describe the relationship between positive neomycin patch tests and clinical "use tests" with two antibiotic combinations (Neosporin G cream and Neosporin ointment) . The neomycin use test was positive in seven of eight subjects with a strongly positive patch test, and in two of four subjects with a weakly positive patch test . A positive use test usually occurred earlier and was always more intense with the cream base . The use test reactions were usually mild even with continued application of the antigen . Use tests with commercial products may be helpful in evaluating the clinical relevance of positive patch tests. J Trauma, 1979 Jun, 19(6), 414 - 21 The etiology of post-traumatic empyema and the role of decortication; Villalba M et al.; Decortication post-traumatic empyema (PTE) was performed in 27 patients from 1972 through 1977 . All 27 patients had penetrating chest wounds and were refractory to antibiotics and tube thoracostomy . Factors associated with PTE included unrecognized diaphragmatic perforation, large hemothorax greater than 500 ml, pulmonary contusion, extrathoracic extension of hematoma within the chest wall, and incomplete expansion of the lung with initial tube thoracostomy . Prophylactic antibiotic usage did not prevent PTE nor lead to negative intrapleural cultures preoperatively . The timing of decortication varied with indication: two patients with infected pneumothorax had surgery within 1 week; 15 patients with infected pleural clot had surgery within 4 weeks; ten including nine who were readmitted to the hospital had surgery more than 4 weeks after injury . Prevention of PTE requires early recognition of hemo- or pneumothorax, early tube thoracostomy with complete evacuation of blood and expansion of lung, careful daily monitoring of subsequent fluid accumulation, and prompt evacuation when such fluid accumulates . Once PTE becomes well established and refractory to standard modalities, decortication with evacuation of the empyema cavity should be performed as soon as possible. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem, 1979 Jun, 360(6), 721 - 4 Analogues of {3H} chloramphenicol for photoaffinity labeling; Hansen JB et al.; The synthesis of {3H}chloramphenicol and its erythro-diastereoisomer with specific activities of 1.25 Ci/mmol, and the further transformation of the {3H}chloramphenicol to a series of azido and diazo-substituted derivatives are described . The antibiotic activity of the compounds was considered insufficient for their use as photoaffinity labels. J Otolaryngol, 1979 Jun, 8(3), 250 - 4 Infections of the temporomandibular joint; Goodman WS et al.; Three interesting case histories of infection of the temperomandibular joint are reported . An unsuccessful search of the recent literature was made in the hope that some assistance would be obtained in understanding the pathology . These infections must have been more common in the pre-antibiotic era and perhaps a search of the older literature would have been more fruitful. Antibiotiki, 1979 Jun, 24(6), 436 - 40 {Effect of biologically active substances on Escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity}; Solov'eva NN et al.; The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity is mainly localized in the membrane fraction of E . coli 103 . Protamine hydrochloride, chlorhexidine, a cationic detergent, and to a less extent nitrofurans lowered the level of the antibiotic inactivation by this strain . Protamine hydrochloride decreased the enzyme activity in both the cell culture of E . coli 103 and the suspension of the membranes isolated from the cells, while chlorhexidine suppressed only induced biosynthesis of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. South Med J, 1979 Jun, 72(6), 743 - 6 Hemophilus influenzae septicemia and polyarthritis in multiple myeloma; Saba HI et al.; Hemophilus influenzae sepsis, rare in adults, is reported for the first time in association with multiple myeloma . The patient developed fulminant septicemia involving multiple organs and disabling pyarthrosis due to nonencapsulated H influenzae, usually considered to be nonpathogenic . Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy cured the infection and prevented permanent joint disease . Also illustrated is the problem of establishing a diagnosis of myclomatosis in patients with septicemia . The English language literature on H influenzae sepsis and polyarthritis in association with myeloma has been reviewed. Int J Oral Surg, 1979 Jun, 8(3), 194 - 8 Cervico-facial actinomycosis . A retrospective study; Holst E et al.; A retrospective investigation of 25 cases of verified cervico-facial actinomycosis recorded in the period 1971--76 is presented . The results have been compared with the findings from a previous examination carried out by one of the authors during 1955--64 . A marked increase of cervico-facial actinomycosis was noted . The clinical picture seems to be changing to a more alarming appearance, in agreement with the classical description of this entity . According to this agreement with the classical description of this entity . According to this a prolongation of the period of treatment was found . Other aspects of the disease are discussed based on the present results . The recommended treatment is still a combination of antibiotic medication and surgical removal of infectious foci. Am J Dis Child, 1979 Jun, 133(6), 594 - 7 Epidemic occurrence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis; Guinan M et al.; In case-control studies of three epidemics of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in three different high-risk nurseries in three states, no particular risk factor was associated with affected infants or their mothers . Epidemic cases had higher birth weights and Apgar scores and fewer perinatal difficulties than those previously reported for sporadic cases . Seven infants fed primarily breast milk were not protected against disease . Early antibiotic therapy was associated with a significantly decreased risk of disease in one outbreak . In two hospitals, affected infants who received antibiotic therapy during the first three days of life had a significantly later disease onset . The occurrence of the disease in epidemics and the decreased risk or modification of disease with antibiotic therapy support an infectious etiology for NEC. J Virol, 1979 Jun, 30(3), 799 - 804 Biosynthesis of an unglycosylated envelope glycoprotein of Rous sarcoma virus in the presence of tunicamycin; Diggelmann H; Cells stably infected with Rous sarcoma virus were treated with tunicamycin to prevent the glycosylation of the precursor (pr92gp) to the two viral envelope glycoproteins gp85 and gp35 . Pretreatment of the cells for 4 h with the antibiotic resulted in a 90% reduction in {3H}mannose incorporation into total cellular glycoproteins, intracellular viral glycoproteins, and released virus particles . Protein synthesis and virus particle formation were not significantly affected by the treatment . A new polypeptide made in the presence of the drug was identified by immunoprecipitation of pulse-labeled cell lysates with monospecific anti-gp85 and anti-gp35 sera . This polypeptide, migrating on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels as a molecule of 62,000 daltons (pr62), contained no {3H}mannose, was labeled with {S35}methionine and {3H}arginine, could not be chased into the higher-molecular-weight glycosylated form, and contained the same {3H}arginine tryptic peptides as pr92gp . The unglycosylated pr62 was still detectable 2 h after the pulse labeling of the cells . The lack of glycosylation of pr62 did not seem to reduce its stability . No clear evidence for the incorporation of this molecule or its cleavage products into viral particles could be obtained . To code for an envelope polypeptide of 62,000 daltons, only about 1,500 nucleotides or 15% of the total coding capacity of the virus are needed. Immunopharmacology, 1979 Jun, 1(3), 255 - 65 Suppression of graft-versus-host reaction by preincubation of the graft with an antitumor protein, neocarzinostatin; Yamashita A et al.; The immunosuppressive activity of neocarzinostatin, an antitumor antibiotic with a high molecular weight, was demonstrated, as measured by the local and systemic graft-versus-host reaction in rats . The preincubation of parental strain lymphocytes with doses more than 1 micrograms/ml of neocarzinostatin for at least 10 min at 37 degrees C resulted in the marked suppression of the popliteal lymph node enlargement, when injected subcutaneously into the hind footpads of F1 hybrid rats . The suppressive effect was temperature-dependent and irreversible, because the neocarzinostatin (1 microgram/ml) pretreatment of parental lymphocytes at 4 degrees C was not effective in the suppressive activity, and the reincubation of cells after the removal of the drug from the culture did not result in demonstrable changes in the degree of suppression . The neocarzinostatin pretreatment does not result in visible changes in the oxygen consumption rate and viability of cells in vitro or in the distribution pattern within a regional lymph node, indicating that treated cells may retain the same viability and migration capacity in vivo as do untreated cells . Furthermore, the drug pretreatment resulted in the complete prevention of runting syndrome, when treated parental lymphocytes were injected intravenously into F1 hybrid rats. Cancer Treat Rep, 1979 Jun, 63(6), 1095 - 108 Analogs of L-aspartic acid in chemotherapy for cancer; Jayaram HN et al.; The interaction of analogs of L-aspartic acid with adenylosuccinic acid synthetase, L-asparagine synthetase, and L-aspartic acid transcarbamylase is discussed . Each of these enzymes is of critical importance in the economy of certain types of tumor cells . L-Alanosine, a new antitumor antibiotic, is shown to be accepted as a substrate by the enzymes of de novo purine biosynthesis which ordinarily use L-aspartic acid as a substrate; as a consequence of this interaction, an anabolite is thought to be produced which impairs the formation of adenine nucleotides by inhibiting adenylosuccinate synthetase, leading to an interruption in DNA synthesis . Homoserine-beta-adenylate, guanidinosuccinic acid, and PA2LA {3-(phosphonacetylamido)-L-alanine} are shown to be inhibitors of L-asparagine synthetase from murine lymphoblasts; each of these analogs of L-aspartic acid exhibits novel structural properties which can be used by synthetic chemists in the design of molecules with an even greater ability to block the biosynthesis of L-asparagine . Certain aspects of the mechanism of action of PALA (N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid) were examined . This agent, which is a potent inhibitor of mammalian L-aspartic acid transcarbamylase, is capable of stimulating the homologous enzyme from Escherichia coli under certain circumstances . In vivo the duration of inhibition produced by this agent is shown to be unusually protracted; for example, L-aspartic acid transcarbamylase in mouse liver remains at 30% of treatment levels for greater than or equal to 20 days after a single therapeutic dose of PALA . This long-lasting effect reflects either sluggish synthesis of new enzyme molecules in this organ or shuttling of the inhibitor from old to new molecules . It is suggested that new and still more potent analogs of L-aspartic acid be sought, and that they be screened, inter alia, against these target enzymes. Antibiotiki, 1979 Jun, 24(6), 430 - 6 {Aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase from Actinomyces fradiae . The identification of its inactivation product}; Petiushenko RM et al.; Neomycin phosphate was obtained as a result of neomycin phosphorylation with aminoglycoside-phosphotransferase from Act . fradiae . It was isolated from the reaction mixture and purified . Successive ion exchange chromatography on columns with Amberlite IRC-50 (NH+4 form), Dowex 1 X 10 (OH- form) and Amberlite CG-50 (NH+4 form) was used for purification of the inactivation product . The findings of the elementary analysis of neomycin phosphate showed the presence of 1 mole of phosphorus per 1 mole of the antibiotic . From the results of the chemical analysis, IR- and NMR-spectrometry neomycin phosphate and neamine phosphate obtained from it by methanolysis were identified as neomycin-3'-phosphate and neamine-3'-phosphate, respectively . The data indicate that the enzyme isolated from Act . fradiae is aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase. Antibiotiki, 1979 Jun, 24(6), 424 - 30 {Aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase from Actinomyces fradiae . Its isolation, purification and properties}; Ganelin VL et al.; Aminoglycoside phosphotransferase was isolated from the mycelium of Act . fradiae, the neomycin-producing organism, with paromomycin, neomycin and to a less extent ribostamycin being substrates of aminoglycoside-phosphotransferase . It was purified to homogenous state . The maximum activity of the enzyme preparations was observed at pH 7.7--7.8;KM for neomycin and paromomycin was about 20 micron and KM for ATP was 150 micron . Mg2+ ions were necessary for the enzyme activity . None of the divalent cations tested could replace the magnesium ions in the reaction of phosphorylation catalyzed by the enzyme . High sensitivity to the ionic strength of the buffer was characteristic of the enzyme . It lost about 80 per cent of the initial activity at a concentration of KC1 equal to 1.0 M . The molecular mass of the enzyme from the mycelium of Act . fradiae was determined by the method of gel-filtration through sefadex G-100 . It was about 22,000 . High stability was characteristic of the enzyme . The fingings indicate that aminoglycoside phosphotransferase from Act . fradiae differs from the described aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferases isolated from antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antibiotiki, 1979 Jun, 24(6), 413 - 7 {Effect of carbon and nitrogen source additions on the development of a productive strain of P . nigricans Thom and on the level of adenylates in its mycelium}; Rogal' IG et al.; Growth of the cultured strain og P . nigricans and dynamics of the adenylate levels in its mycelium on mineral media with 2 per cent of glucose were studied in relation to the means and time of addition of glucose, NaNO3 or their mixture to the medium . It was shown that the maximum yield of the mycelium could be obtained with addition of glucose once at the moment of inoculation . The mixture of glucose with NaNO3 provided even higher yields of the biomass but only with its fractional addition . Introduction of additional amounts of NaNO3 at the moment of inoculation and during the growth phase (5 days) inhibited the subsequent development of the culture providing stable levels of ATP and ADP, while introduction of NaNO3 on the 7th day stimulated the culture growth and the antibiotic yield . The use of NaNO3 in the mixture with glucose eliminated inhibition and increased the ratio of ATP to ADP and the antibiotic yield. Br Med J, 1979 May 26, 1(6175), 1392 - 5 Systolic time interval as index of schedule--dependent doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia; Al-Ismail S et al.; The ratio of the pre-ejection period to the left ventricular ejection time (PEP:LVET) was measured in two groups of patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) receiving the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DXR) . Patients receiving high doses of DXR per course (about 90 mg/m2) showed a significant increase in the PEP:LVET ratio irrespective of the total cumulative dose . At a lower dose per course (less than 50mg/m2) only patients who had a total cumulative dose of over 450 mg/m2 showed significant increases in ratio . ECG changes were seen in both groups of patients but did not correlate significantly with the dosage . These findings, which suggest that DXR cardiotoxicity is schedule dependent, are important in the design of schedules of DXR for treating cancer and in interpreting the changes in systolic time intervals (STIs) observed with different schedules . Measurement of the STI is a simple and convenient method of assessing DXR cardiotoxicity . While a total DXR dose of 550 mg/m2 should not normally be exceeded, by carefully monitoring the STI the recommended total dose may be exceeded safely in selected patients. Mol Gen Genet, 1979 May 23, 173(1), 101 - 7 The effect of rifampicin upon the transcription of RNA polymerase beta-gene in Escherichia coli; Bass IA et al.; We studied the rate of synthesis of beta-and beta'-subunits of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the rate of beta-polypeptide mRNA synthesis in rifampicin-treated bacteria . The chosen antibiotic doses did not significantly inhibit the total RNA and protein synthesis in rifampicin-sensitive bacteria . For RNA-DNA hybridization experiments a pOD162 plasmid was constructed carrying a fragment of the rpoB gene and no other chromosome DNA regions . It was found that low doses of rifampicin cause an absolute and a relative increase in the rate of synthesis of the specific mRNA for the beta-subunit, suggesting a stimulation of the corresponding gene transcription and excluding the possibility of a less pronounced inhibition of the rpoB gene expression compared to that of most other genes . However the relative acceleration of transcription is substantially higher than the absolute one . The stimulating effect of rifampicin on the beta-polypeptide synthesis is also demonstrated in a coupled system of transcription and translation directed by lambda rifd47 DNA . The possible mechanisms of the rifampicin action are discussed. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1979 May 15, 134(2), 192 - 200 Delivery of the tiny newborn; Haesslein HC et al.; Obstetric factors related to the survival of 100 newborn infants weighing between 800 and 1,350 grams were analyzed . Available data suggest that maternal intrapartum antibiotic and steroid administration and delivery by classical cesarean section are associated with increased newborn survival. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1979 May 15, 134(2), 173 - 9 Maternal deaths associated with postpartum vulvar edema; Ewing TL et al.; Reported are three maternal deaths in four patients who presented with a similar syndrome following a normal antepartum course and normal labor and delivery managed by regional or local anesthesia and midline or proctoepisiotomy . Beginning about the second postpartum day, the patients developed unilateral perineal edema and induration which progressed to generalized vulvar, vaginal, perineal, and gluteal edema and induration . These patients developed marked leukocytosis, fever, and ultimately vascular collapse; three of them died . The one patient who survived had a similar course except for vascular collapse . Unilateral vulvar induration and edema associated with fever and marked leukocytosis are ominous signs . Aggressive treatment should include the use of multiple antibiotic, crystaloid, colloid, and steroid drugs and appropriate monitoring . By this report we hope to bring attention to this rare but lethal syndrome. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1979 May, 32(5), 518 - 22 Mechanism of adriamycin resistance in a subline of mouse lymphoblastoma L5178Y cells; Nishimura T et al.; The biochemical mechanism of anthracycline resistance was studied with an adriamycin-resistant subline of mouse lymphoblastoma L5178Y cells . Both uridine and thymidine uptakes in the resistant cells were observed more resistant to adriamycin and daunorubicin than those in the parental cells . Aclacinomycin A exhibited the same degree of inhibition of nucleic acid syntheses in the sensitive cells and in the resistant cells . The resistance pattern observed by the inhibition of RNA and DNA syntheses seemed to parallel that by growth inhibition . No significant difference was demonstrated between the parental and resistant cells in the inhibition of RNA and DNA polymerase reactions with isolated nuclei . The uptake and retention of {3H}adriamycin was observed significantly less in the resistant cells than in the sensitive cells . The results suggested that the adriamycin resistance may be due to alteration of the cytoplasmic membrane and/or cytoplasm, resulting in decreased uptake and retention of the antibiotic in the resistant cells. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1979 May-Jun, 87(3), 339 - 41 Laryngeal abscess; Clemons JE et al.; The laryngeal abscess is an uncommon lesion since the onset of the antibiotic era . A review of the literature failed to find any recent articles on abscess of the larynx . Three case histories of the laryngeal abscess, all of which progressed to rapid airway obstruction and required emergency tracheotomy, are presented. Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm, 1979 May, 17(5), 225 - 7 Gentamicin in the treatment of lower genital tract infections: level of the drug in menses, cervical mucus and vaginal fluid; Creatsas G et al.; The concentration of gentamicin in serum, menses, cervical mucus and vaginal fluid of 39 women under treatment with this antibiotic (80 mg every 8 hr i . m.) was tested by the agar diffusion method . The levels of the drug in the serum varied from 1.88-5.41 micrograms/ml with a peak one hour after the last dosage . In the menses the levels ranged from 2.06-5.87 micrograms/ml with a peak also one hour after the last dosage . The concentration of gentamicin in the cervical mucus and vaginal fluid varied from 0.67-5.14 micrograms/ml and 0.63-6.43 micrograms/ml with a peak three hours after the last administration of the drug . Results are briefly discussed. Biofizika, 1979 May-Jun, 24(3), 467 - 71 {Reaction between liposomes and biomolecular membranes}; Grishin AF et al.; Small liposomes did not change the resistance of bimolecular lipid membranes (BLM) in monovalent ion solution (less than or equal to 0.5 M) . The interaction between liposomes containing cholesterol and BLM free from cholesterol in the solution of polyene antibiotic nystatine induced anion selectivity and smooth growth of BLM conductance by 4--5 orders . The addition of the liposomes containing cholesterol and nystatine induced a step-like fall of BLM resistance by 2--3 orders . Both cation-selective and anion-selective steps was observed . The effects observed point to the fusion and incorporation of liposome into BLM. Compr Ther, 1979 May, 5(5), 38 - 43 Infections of wounds and soft tissues; Stein JM; Reduction of bacterial dose and support of host defense mechanisms are paramount in the prevention of infections . When infection is established, aggressive search for its cause and extent is necessary . Vigorous nonoperative (antibiotic, nutritional) and operative therapies are needed to eradicate infection and to salvage life and limb. Cancer Treat Rep, 1979 May, 63(5), 931 - 4 Clinical study of aclacinomycin A; Ogawa M et al.; A phase I study of a new anthracycline antibiotic, aclacinomycin A, was performed in a total of 15 patients with advanced malignancy to determine the maximum-tolerated dose . The gastrointestinal toxicity which occurred was not dose-related and was not severe . Epilation and stomatitis were extremely minimal . Both hepatic dysfunction and hematologic toxicity were dose-limiting . A recommended dose for phase II study was determined to be 2.5--3.0 mg/kg (approximately 100--120 mg/m2) given in 3-week intervals . Objective response was observed in two patients with malignant lymphomas. Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg), 1979 May, 58(5), 404 - 12 {Cerebrospinal fistula tight closure of dural defects using surgical adhesives . A comparative experimental study (author's transl)}; Fruhwald H et al.; In 3 cats artificial bony and dural defects of the posterior frontal sinus walls facing the frontal brain were closed with the help of a physiologic fibrin-based adhesive system (FAS) and a synthetic tissue adhesive (N-butylcyanoacrylate) in an attempt at comparing the relative merits and demerits of the 2 techniques . The bony and dural defects were partially covered with fascial tissue . Subsequently, the defects were sealed with adhesive using cyanoacrylate for the left frontal sinus and FAS for the right one . Unless healing was complicated by wound infection, fibrous tissue was found to have bridged the defects on either side 14 days after surgery, ensuring cerebrospinal fistula tight closure . Wound infection occurred in 2 cases involving the frontal sinuses closed with FAS . Micro-organisms had apparently been introduced from the respiratory tract and, in one case, spread to the contralateral frontal sinus treated with cyanoacrylate . Thus, the risk of infection associated with FAS appears to be higher than that of conventional techniques . Germ growth was found to be inhibited in vitro by adding an antibiotic to the FAS . For this reason, we would recommend the admixture of an antibiotic to the FAS whenever the adhesive is used in surgical fields which are exposed to infection . Further sutdies are needed to find the best suited antibiotic, its optimum dosage and mode of applications. J Trauma, 1979 May, 19(5), 370 - 5 Cranio-orbito-facial injuries: technical suggestions; Cantore GP et al.; Eight per cent of 387 acutely head-injured patients had concomitant orbitofacial injuries . Irrespective of the magnitude of brain injury, the main surgical goals in such cases treated were closure of CSF fistulas, maximizing recovery of eye movement, visual and masticatory function, and esthetic reconstruction . The strictly neurosurgical lesions should be dealt with at once because of the risk of intracranial infection . Antibiotic acrylic and antibiotic wax are valuable in such intervention . In most cases it is advantageous to treat lesions of the upper two thirds of the facial complex in the same operative session . For this reason neurosurgeons who do not have ready access to a maxillofacial specialist should be prepared to cope with the problems presented by orbitofacial injuries. Arch Ophthalmol, 1979 May, 97(5), 933 - 6 Intraocular penetration of topically applied lincomycin hydrochloride in rabbits; Kleinberg J et al.; Ocular penetration of lincomycin hydrochloride in albino rabbits was determined by bioassay . On topical application, the frequency of multiple instillation of drops played an important role in producing therapeutic levels in the anterior chambers . Therapeutic levels were attained in the cornea, aqueous humor, and iris-ciliary body, with peak values occurring at 30 to 45 minutes . Varying the pH of the dosing solution did not change ocular absorption and distribution substantially . Removal of corneal epithelium, however, greatly enhanced absorption . Relative to clindamycin, lincomycin hydrochloride had longer onset of peak values and lower overall concentration in ocular tissues . Intravitreous injection of lincomycin hydrochloride produced therapeutic and steady levels of antibiotic in anterior chambers . Injection produced a concentration in aqueous humor twice that achievable topically . The major route of elimination from the posterior chamber was through retina-choroid. South Med J, 1979 May, 72(5), 516 - 8 Hemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis; Cole RA et al.; We describe a case of Hemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis in a previously healthy 26-year-old man, and review 21 cases from the literature . Although H parainfluenzae is considered to be part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract in man, it can cause serious disease . H parainfluenzae endocarditis is often difficult to diagnose . The patients generally had a history of recent infection of the upper respiratory tract, but a majority denied previous heart disease . Upon entry to the hospital, after an average of seven weeks of febrile illness, nearly one third of patients were found not to have a heart murmur . Furthermore, the organism was often difficult to grow from blood cultures, a problem possibly related to the need for accessory growth factors . The mortality with modern therapy was 12%, and the major complication was cerebral embolus . Antibiotic therapy of choice is ampicillin, generally used together with an aminoglycoside, though ampicillin alone may be sufficient. Pediatrics, 1979 May, 63(5), 764 - 70 The frequency of pericardial effusions in bacterial meningitis; Laird WP et al.; Because of our experience with four cases of purulent pericarditis complicating bacterial meningitis during a 13-month period, we performed a prospective study to determine the frequency of this complication . Echocardiograms were done on 100 patients with bacterial meningitis . Small or moderate pericardial effusions were detected in 19 patients, but none had symptoms or signs related to the effusion . Pericardiocentesis was done in one infant; all the other effusions resolved spontaneously . Patients with effusion were significantly younger than those without this complication, but no other significant risk factors were identified . A literature survey indicated that symptomatic pericarditis occurs in fewer than 1% of patients with meningitis . Conversely, in series of cases of purulent pericarditis, associated meningitis was reported in 12% of patients . We concluded that pericardial infection is common in patients with meningitis but that it is usually of no clinical significance and resolves with antibiotic therapy. Am J Ophthalmol, 1979 May, 87(5), 662 - 4 Vitreous wick syndrome; Srinivasan BD et al.; A 67-year-old man had vitreous wick syndrome after an uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extraction with a sector iridectomy in the left eye . The intraocular infection cleared with antibiotic therapy including intravitreal antibiotic injection, but a residual anterior cyclitic membrane and shallow anterior chamber persisted . An anterior vitrectomy was performed later in the course of treatment after the intraocular infection subsided, to relieve the shallow anterior chamber, prolonged hypotony, and ciliary body detachment . Final visual acuity was 6/15+(20/50+) in the left eye. Cancer Res, 1979 May, 39(5), 1623 - 7 Enhancement by caffeine of neocarzinostatin cytotoxicity in murine leukemia L1210 cells; Tatsumi K et al.; Posttreatment incubation with nontoxic doses of caffeine resulted in enhancement of cell lethality and inhibition of cell growth in L1210 mouse leukemia cells which had been exposed to a protein antibiotic, neocarzinostatin . In addition, caffeine treatment appeared to inhibit the eventual maturation of newly synthesized DNA in L1210 cells following exposure to this antibiotic . These results, indicating the existence of caffeine-sensitive repair in L1210 leukemia cells treated with neocarzinostatin, provide further evidence for DNA damage as a mechanism of the cytocidal action of the antibiotic. J Lab Clin Med, 1979 May, 93(5), 730 - 5 Differences in attachment antigens of gonococci in reinfection; Tramont EC et al.; On the basis of bacterial typing, pyocin typing, and antibiotic sensitivity tests, two consorts appeared to have been reinfected 34 and 41 days later, respectively, with the same gonococcal strain, suggesting a failure in these patients to develop effective immunity to reinfection . However, these tests do not measure antigens which mediate attachment, a function which may correlate with virulence . When the above infecting strains were retested in an inhibition-of-attachment assay using rabbit gonococcal antisera, the antigens mediating attachment were found to be different . Homologous antisera inhibited attachment of the homologous strain at a high titer . Absorbing the antisera with the initial infecting strain did not remove any of the blocking activity of the antisera raised to the reinfecting strai, but the latter strain did share some attachment antigens in common with the initial infecting strain . Homologous antisera also bound preferentially to pili purified from the homologous strains. J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 1979 May, 62(3), 671 - 5 Determination of virginiamycin in feeds; Ragheb HS et al.; Virginiamycin was extracted from the feed by ethanol-pH 2.5 phosphate buffer (1 + 1) . The pH during extraction was adjusted (when necessary) to between 4 and 5 . Sample dilutions and the standard dose response line were prepared to contain ethanol pH 6 phosphate buffer (2 + 8), and the test organism was Sarcina lutea . Three feeds (a poultry ration, a swine finishing ration, and a swine starter ration) showed virginiamycin recovery of 88.8--108.9% when standard solutions were added at concentrations of 4.54--90.8 g/ton . The coefficient of variation (4--20%) was larger for low potency feeds (10 g/ton) compared to the higher feeds (100 g/ton) . Similarly, excellent recovery was obtained when the swine starter feed was fortified by a commercial premix . Amprolium, roxarsone, and monensin can be present at 20 times the concentration of virginiamycin with little or no interference in the antibiotic determination . Lasalocid at 10 times the concentration of virginiamycin caused a slightly positive bias (recovery, 107.4%). J Bacteriol, 1979 May, 138(2), 642 - 6 Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to cephaloridine at different growth rates; Mathys E et al.; Steady-state populations of Escherichia coli B/r were treated with cephaloridine at minimal inhibitory concentrations . The antibiotic sensitivity of the cells and the localization of spheroplast emergence along the cell surface were examined as a function of cell length and growth rate . In fast-growing populations (greater than 1 division per h) the sites of cephaloridine interaction occurred preferentially at the cell pole in the smaller cells and at the cell center in dividing cells . At decreasing growth rates the cells became more resistant to cephaloridine, and a gradual shift from the cell pole toward the cell center was observed for the sphere position . A similar growth rate-dependent change in localization was found for sucrose-induced plasmolysis vacuoles. Biochemistry, 1979 Apr 17, 18(8), 1570 - 4 Dissociation of guanosine nucleotide-elongation factor G-ribosome complexes; Campuzano S et al.; The spontaneous dissociation of complexes containing elongation factor G (EF-G), the ribosome, and either GDP plus fusidic acid, guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate, or guanyl-5'-yl methylene diphosphonate has been measured and it follows biphasic kinetics that can be resolved into two first-order decay rates . This suggest the existence of two classes of complexes with apparent dissociation rate constants (k) differing 5--20-fold . The values of k and the distribution of complexes between the fast and the slowly decaying class depend on the conditions in which the dissociation occurs but not on the conditions in which the complexes are formed . Rapid transitions of complexes from one to the other class occur only when the chemical environment in which the dissociation takes place is modified . Thus, increasing the concentration of NH4Cl or adding the antibiotic thiostrepton accelerates the decay and converts slowly dissociating into fast dissociating complexes . In contrast, addition of misreading-inducing aminoglycoside antibiotics of the neomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin (but not hygromycin) groups slows down the decay . For neomycin B at 10 micron, this effect is due to the conversion of fast into slowly decaying complexes . A model to explain the results involving conformational transitions of the complexes is proposed. Endokrinologie, 1979 Apr, 74(1), 27 - 32 Ovarian steroidogenesis in rats following inhibition of DNA synthesis after administration of mitomycin C; Deb C et al.; Suppression of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta-OHD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activities were observed in the rat ovarian tissues following treatment with Mitomycin C (MC), an antibiotic which depresses DNA synthesis . The same treatment also resulted in accumulation of cholesterol and ascorbic acid in the ovaries and a decrease of uterine weight . The atretic changes in the treated ovaries were judged from the activity of the lysosomal enzyme leucine amino-peptidase (LAP) . The results suggest a diminution in ovarian steroid biogenesis following an alteration of DNA synthesis. Arch Fr Pediatr, 1979 Apr, 36(4), 418 - 22 {Subacute symmetrical osteomyelitis}; Girardet JP et al.; An 11 year old girl who developed subacute osteomyelitis in both distal tibial metaphyses is reported . The diagnosis was difficult and the importance of a bone biopsy in the absence of positive findings is emphasised . Recovery followed prolonged antibiotic therapy . This case is compared with seven similar cases in the literature. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1979 Apr, 32(4), 347 - 54 Antitumor activity of prumycin; Okubo S et al.; The antifungal antibiotic, prumycin, was studied for antitumor activity against several tumor systems . It was found to possess potential antitumor activity against a well-established mouse mammary adenocarcinoma in C3H/He mice . It was also active in prolongation of the lifespan of mice bearing P-388 lymphocytic leukemia . Moreover, prumycin did not depress the white blood cell counts in the mouse peripheral blood . However, severe alopecia was observed in mice treated with this agent at dosage level near the LD50. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1979 Apr, 32(4), 340 - 6 Biological activity of macromomycin; Hidaka T et al.; Macromomycin (MCR) is a polypeptide antimuor antibiotic isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces macromomyceticus . Antitumor activities of MCR were examined against three different tumor system, i.e., EHRLICH ascites carcinoma, L1210 leukemia and LEWIS lung carcinoma . Daily intraperitoneal treatment with MCR for 5 days showed a strong inhibition against EHRLICH ascites carcinoma . Both single and repeated intraperitoneal injections of MCR were effective over a wide dose range against intraperitoneally inoculated L1210 leukemia and MCR intravenously administered was also active against intravenously inoculated L1210 leukemia . Daily local subcutaneous injections of MCR produced the prolongation of life span of mice to which LEWIS lung carcinoma was subcutaneously inoculated with some cured mice, but daily intraperitoneal injections of MCR showed no activity . Single intravenous administration of MCR inhibited early LEWIS lung carcinoma, but not advanced LEWIS lung carcinoma . The combination of MCR with aracytidine, or cyclophosphamide showed a synergistic activity against L1210 leukemia . MCR was not inactivated by treatment with serum, although neocarzinostatin was markedly inactivated by the same treatment. Chem Biol Interact, 1979 Apr, 25(1), 113 - 24 The interaction of cephaloridine with model membrane systems and rat kidney lysosomes; Fry M et al.; The antibiotic cephaloridine has been shown to interact with phospholipid structures, using the techniques of ultraviolet difference spectroscopy, surface pressure measurements and liposome models . The results indicate that this interaction is at least partly hydrophobic in nature and help explain the disruptive effects of high concentrations of cephaloridine on both artificial and natural phospholipid structures (lysosomes) . Low concentrations of cephaloridine were shown to inhibit a lysosomal membrane-bound phospholipase 2 and it is suggested that such an inhibition may explain the cephaloridine-induced stabilization of rat-kidney lysosomes. J Pediatr Surg, 1979 Apr, 14(2), 182 - 4 Bacterial peritonitis in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt; Tchirkow G et al.; Bacterial peritonitis is an unusual complication of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt for hydrocephalus . This complication, usually associated with peritoneal cysts of perforated viscus, may occur as the first manifestation of shunt infection . Early recognition of this form of bacterial peritonitis and appropriate antibiotic therapy may avert major abdominal surgery in selected cases. J Cell Physiol, 1979 Apr, 99(1), 37 - 42 Tunicamycin-mediated depletion of insulin receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; Rosen OM et al.; Tunicamycin, an antibiotic that inhibits protein glycosylation, elicited a rapid depletion of insulin binding activity at the surface of 3T3-L1 adipocytes . Disappearance of insulin receptors occurred more rapidly in the presence of tunicamycin than when protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide and was accompanied by a diminution in sensitivity of the adipocytes to the acute effects of insulin and anti-insulin receptor antibody on hexose uptake and metabolism. Dis Colon Rectum, 1979 Apr, 22(3), 183 - 4 Peritoneal nocardiosis: report of a case; Stuart M; A case of primary peritoneal nocardiosis is presented . The patient died, despite prompt, aggressive and appropriate antibiotic therapy . Decreased patient resistance is suggested as the cause of the overwhelming nature of the infection in this case . The importance of administering prophylactic antibiotics on a long-term basis to prevent recurrence after successful treatment is stressed . Although nocardial infections are rare, they may become more common because of the current widespread use of immunosuppressive therapy. Antibiotiki, 1979 Apr, 24(4), 259 - 62 {Postradiation effect of caffeine on the producer of mycoheptin, Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum}; Zhuravleva NP et al.; The modifying effect of caffeine on irradiated spores of Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum, producing mycoheptin was found . Postradiation treatment of the strain O883: spores with caffeine resulted in decreased survival of the spores proportionally to the radiation dose increase and postradiation caffeine treatment . An increase in the frequency of the morphologically changed colonies, as well as the low and highly active variants with respect to mycoheptin production was observed . The effect may be explained by the fact that caffeine possibly inhibited the reparation process in the irradiated spores of the strain tested . The method of postradiation treatment of the spores of the mycoheptin-producing organism with caffeine which provided selection of highly active variants by the antibiotic production with the use of definite doses may be considered promising in selection of actinomycetes. Cancer Res, 1979 Apr, 39(4), 1425 - 7 Recovery of 2'-deoxycoformycin-inhibited adenosine deaminase of mouse erythrocytes and leukemia L1210 in vivo; Agarwal RP; The antibiotic 2'-deoxycoformycin, a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, has potential as a chemotherapeutic agent . Injection of 2'-deoxycoformycin i.v . (0.2 mg/kg)