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Molecular Characterization of the Growth Phase-Dependent Expression of the lsrA Gene, Encoding Levansucrase of Rahnella aquatilis. Jeong-Woo Seo, 2002.Expression of the lsrA gene from Rahnella aquatilis, encoding levansucrase, is tightly regulated by the growth phase of the host cell; low-level expression was observed in the early phase of cell growth, but expression was significantly stimulated in the late phase . Northern blot analysis revealed that regulation occurred at the level of transcription . The promoter region was identified by primer extension analysis . Two opposite genetic elements that participate in the regulation of lsrA expression were identified upstream of the lsrA gene: the lsrS gene and the lsrR region . The lsrS gene encodes a protein consisting of 70 amino acid residues (Mr, 8,075), which positively activated lsrA expression approximately 20-fold in a growth phase-dependent fashion . The cis-acting lsrR region, which repressed lsrA expression about 10-fold, was further narrowed to two DNA regions by deletion analysis . The concerted action of two opposite regulatory functions resulted in the growth phase-dependent activation of gene expression in Escherichia coli independent of the stationary sigma factor  S .
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