|
|
|
|
|
| Clin Chem, 1981 Feb, 27(2), 293 - 6 Rapid immunochemical identification of enterococci with use of a centrifugal analyzer after a brief antigen-extraction step; Levinson SS; The precipitin reaction between antigens from enterococci and group-specific antisera was monitored turbidimetrically with a centrifugal analyzer . Linear standard curves (absorbance vs antigen concentration) were developed for studying optimal conditions for enzymic extraction of the antigen by use of an enzyme-containing filtrate from Streptomyces albus . This extraction was optimized by adding to the filtrate 1 mg of lysozyme per milliliter and incubating the bacteria for 40 min at 52 degrees C . The assay was adjusted so that detection of enterococci was indicated by positive absorbance changes near 0.1 A . When the concentration of bacteria from which the antigen was extracted was within a standardized range, non-enterococci produced no positive absorbance changes . Reproducibility of standard antigen and antisera solutions was excellent during three months . The procedure provides an objective, well-controlled means for identifying clinically important enterococci from pure cultures in about 1 h . In contrast, current methods involving biochemical media require as long as 48 h. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1981 Feb, 81(2), 212 - 8 Translocation of the aortic valve for prosthetic valve endocarditis; Reitz BA et al.; Aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis is frequently associated with a perivalvular ring abscess which destroys the normal annulus, so that it is difficult to seat a new prosthesis . Between November, 1974, and January, 1980, we treated four patients with aortic prosthetic endocarditis by translocation of the aortic valve, closure of the native coronary artery ostia, and placement of saphenous vein bypass grafts to the coronary arteries . In each case operation was undertaken because of progressive congestive heart failure resulting from aortic regurgitation; two patients had systemic emboli, and two patients had uncontrolled infection . Infection was due to Enterococcus in three instances and to an unknown organism in one . Total ischemic times averaged 2 hours, 15 minutes; a 25 mm Dacron graft containing a porcine valve was used to replace the ascending aorta and aortic valve, and two or three saphenous vein grafts were placed to distal coronary arteries . One patient died 40 days postoperatively of renal failure and Pseudomonas pneumonia with an intact repair . The other three patients were hospital survivors, with one doing well until dying of chronic active hepatitis 12 months postoperatively . The other two patients are alive at 4 months and 18 months with satisfactory hemodynamic function and are free of infection . Translocation of the aortic valve for prosthetic valve endocarditis is a useful alternative when conventional replacement techniques cannot be utilized. Chemotherapy, 1981, 27 Suppl 1, 100 - 3 Clinical study of Rocephin, a 3d generation cephalosporin, in various septicaemias; Ghosen V et al.; Rocephin (Ro 13-9904, ceftriaxone) is a new injectable 3d generation cephalosporin characterised by a high intrinsic activity, a high resistance to beta-lactamases and a half-life of 8 h which is 4-10 times as long as the half-lives of the other cephalosporins . We administered Rocephin intravenously at a dosage of 2 x 1 g/day in 23 cases of septicaemia confirmed by positive blood cultures . The results achieved were good in 21 cases (cure of the infection episode), fair in 1 case (need to supplement Rocephin with ampicillin) and poor in 1 case of septicaemia due to resistant enterococci . The clinical and biological tolerance was excellent, and administration was particularly easy. Chemotherapy, 1981, 27(5), 340 - 9 Is penicillin alone effective in enterococcal endocarditis? An experimental study in rabbits; Thadepalli H et al.; Enterococcal endocarditis in man is traditionally treated with penicillin and an aminoglycoside . Whether penicillin alone is adequate has not been fully evaluated . Experimental enterococcal endocarditis (EEE) in male New Zealand rabbits, when untreated, was fatal in all animals within 2 weeks . When crystalline penicillin G was given at 30,000 U/day in three equally divided doses, the fatality rate was 63.3%; when the dosage was increased to 600,000 U/day, the mortality ws 37.5%, demonstrating the ineffectiveness of crystalline penicillin alone in EEE . Procaine penicillin at 300,000 U/day given as a single dose provided increased protection, but was still associated with unacceptably high mortality (17.5%) . A higher dose level, 600,000 U/day, of procaine penicillin protected all animals with EEE . High and sustained levels of penicillin in the serum and the myocardium cured enterococcal endocarditis in rabbits. J Clin Microbiol, 1981 Jan, 13(1), 73 - 5 Methodological variation in antibiotic synergy tests against enterococci; Ryan RW et al.; Thirty-two human isolates of enterococci were tested for antibiotic synergy by using penicillin and one of six aminoglycosides . Three methods were used: synergy screen, microdilution checkerboard, and time-kill curves . The synergy screen accurately predicted synergy for gentamicin-penicillin combinations, and this synergy was later confirmed by time-kill curves . The microdilution checkerboard method suffered from inherent variation, and agreement with time-kill curves ranged from 92% (twofold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration) to 4.2% (fourfold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration) . We suggest that enterococci be screened for synergy (i.e., presence or absence of high-level resistance) by using the criterion of growth or no growth in the presence of 2,000 microgram of an aminoglycoside per ml . The microdilution checkerboard test for synergy is not recommended. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg {B}, 1981, 173(5), 327 - 37 {Hygienic problems at the winning of peloids (peats and sludges of lakes) for balneological therapy (author's transl)}; Klenner MF et al.; In Austria there exist no regulations for the quality of peats and sludges of lakes for the external usage in balneotherapy . The results of our examinations showed that peats on the whole (Fig . 1) have much better bacteriological results than sludges of shallow, eutrophic lakes (Fig . 2) . Typical intestinal germs appeared only in one of the five examined peats during a rain period down to 0.6 m beneath the surface . Three of the peats showed satisfying local and bacteriological conditions, one of the peats had a critical hygienic topography and high bacterial counts were found . The outcome of the bacteriological examinations of the three sludge-samples of two lakes showed quite a worse result . High levels of intestinal bacteria, E . coli, Enterococci, C . perfringens, were detectable . The averages of the bacterial counts of the peats and the sludges of lakes over the whole drilling length shows Fig . 3 . The results of our examinations demonstrate that in most cases peats far away from human settlements may be used under appropriate conditions . To the contrary sludges of shallow, eutrophic lakes are not usable for balneological therapy because of the massive contamination with intestinal germs . There obviously is a danger for the patients to catch an illness when being treated with such sludges . Criteria for the bacteriological status of peloids are set up for discussion and the minimal quality demanded is that 1 g of peloid has to be free of intestinal bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1980 Dec, 18(6), 944 - 7 Synergy of penicillin and decreasing concentration of aminoglycosides against enterococci from patients with infective endocarditis; Matsumoto JY et al.; To determine whether low concentrations of aminoglycosides in combination with penicillin could effectively kill enterococci in vitro, we tested penicillin (20 micrograms/ml) in combination with decreasing concentrations of either streptomycin (20, 10, 5, and 1 micrograms/ml) or gentamicin (5, 3, 1, and 0.5 micrograms/ml) against 13 strains of streptomycin-susceptible and 7 strains of streptomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from patients with infective endocarditis . At 24 h, penicillin plus each increment in streptomycin concentration resulted in a statistically significant increase in killing of streptomycin-susceptible enterococci, compared with the next lower streptomycin concentration (P less than 0.01) . At 24 h, against streptomycin-susceptible and streptomycin-resistant enterococci, there were no statistically significant differences in killing between combinations containing 5 micrograms of gentamicin per ml and those containing 3 micrograms/ml . Against streptomycin-susceptible enterococci, there were statistically significant differences in killing between combinations containing 3 micrograms of gentamicin per ml and those containing 1 micrograms/ml . Against streptomycin-resistant enterococci, statistically significant differences in killing were detected with combinations containing 5 micrograms of gentamicin per ml and those containing 1 microgram/ml. J Clin Microbiol, 1980 Oct, 12(4), 527 - 32 Clinical evaluation of automated antibiotic susceptibility testing with the MS-2 system; Barnes WG et al.; The MS-2 (Abbott Laboratories) system for automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing was evaluated for both accuracy and general utility in our clinical laboratory . A total of 984 fresh clinical bacterial isolates (745 gram-negative, 239 gram-positive) were tested with the MS-2 system, and results were compared directly with those from a conventional agar disk diffusion method . Discrepancies between the two methods were categorized as very major, major, and minor . For gram-positive isolates, full accord (all discrepancies considered) was 91.6%, and essential accord (minor discrepancies not included) was 96.2% . With gram-negative isolates, full accord was found to be 93.9%, with essential accord of 97.9% . Aggrement as a function both of organism group and of antimicrobial agent was determined . Full accord of 90% or more was found for all major organism groups tested, with the exception of enterococci, where discrepant results between the two methods were observed . Mean test time for all isolates tested was 4.3 h . The MS-2 was found to be an accurate and highly automated instrument which required minimal technician time and was readily adaptable to work flow in our clinical laboratory. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1980 Sep, 18(3), 448 - 53 Prophylaxis against enterococcal endocarditis: comparison of the aminoglycoside component of parenteral antimicrobial regimens; Murillo J et al.; Prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of enterococcal endocarditis are recommended for patients with valvular heart disease undergoing surgery or instrumentation of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts . To evaluate the most active aminoglycoside antibiotic to include in these regimens, we administered streptomycin, gentamicin, or amikacin, each in combination with ampicillin, to six healthy adult volunteers in a crossover manner . When the sera from the volunteers were tested for bactericidal activity against 16 strains of enterococci, the gentamicin-ampicillin combination produced higher serum bactericidal levels for a longer duration of time against more strains than the other two regimens . At 1 h after antibiotic administration (a time when surgical procedures are likely to be performed), mean geometric bactericidal titers against the enterococci were 1: 7.0 for the gentamicin-ampicillin regimen, as compared with 1:3.6 and 1:3.2 for the streptomycin-ampicillin and amikacin-ampicillin combinations, respectively . Despite the lower serum levels for gentamicin, we feel that this aminoglycoside should be used in combination with ampicillin for prophylactic regimens against enterococcal endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1980 Aug, 18(2), 307 - 10 Ampicillin therapy of experimental enterococcal endocarditis; Tight RR; In rabbits with experimental enterococcal endocarditis, subcutaneously implanted perforated polyethylene chambers were used for ampicillin administration by intra-chamber injection . A total of 21 days of intra-chamber ampicillin therapy sterilized vegetations of 14 out of 14 rabbits with experimental enterococcal endocarditis . In rabbits treated for less than 21 days, the duration of therapy and quantitative vegetation cultures were inversely related . Peak serum minimal bactericidal titers were greater than or equal to 1:8 in 94% of the determinations . Trough serum minimal bactericidal titers were less than or equal to 1:2 . The mean trough serum ampicillin concentration (2.6 micrograms/ml) was greater than the minimal bactericidal concentration of ampicillin for the infecting enterococcus and less than the mean trough chamber fluid ampicillin concentration (3.7 micrograms/ml) . Relatively prolonged therapy with intrachamber injections seemed to be well tolerated . Combination drug therapy of enterococcal endocarditis may not always be required . The maintenance of serum minimal bactericidal titers greater than or equal to 1:8 throughout the therapy of endocarditis, as is often recommended, may be unnecessary. Ann Surg, 1980 Aug, 192(2), 221 - 6 The influence of oral versus parenteral preoperative metronidazole on sepsis following colon surgery; Dion YM et al.; The incidence of wound infection following surgery on the colon is reduced by the preoperative adminstration of appropriate antibiotics . Quantitative bacteriologic studies raise the fundamental question as to whether effective antibiotic prophylaxis results from reduction of the bacterial content of the gut prior to surgery or whether effective tissue levels of the antibiotic is the key factor . Oral neomycin and metronidazole have been shown to markedly reduce the incidence of wound infection following colon surgery . A prospective randomized double-blind clinical trial was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of intravenous metronidazole (high tissue level) with oral administration (tissue and gut activity) on the incidence of wound infection . There was no difference in wound infection rates between the two groups of patients . Surprisingly, there was a significant reduction in the bacteroides content in the colon of patients who received intravenous metronidazole one hour before operation to a level almost equal to that achieved by the administration of the drug for two days by mouth before operation . Metronidazole levels in the colon at the time of surgery were comparable for both groups . The median time for recolonization of the colon was six days for the oral group, and four days for the intravenous group . Although peritoneal fluid contained significant numbers of coliforms and enterococci, clinical infection did not occur . These data suggest that systemic antibiotics effective against anerobic flora of the colon markedly reduce postoperative septic complications. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1980 Jun, 17(6), 965 - 8 Defective killing of enterococci: a common property of antimicrobial agents acting on the cell wall; Krogstad DJ et al.; We tested the ability of antimicrobial agents that act on the cell wall to kill enterococci and found defective killing (a minimal bactericidal concentration/minimal inhibitory concentration ratio of greater than or equal to 32) with both beta-lactams (penicillin G and cephalothin) and non-beta-lactams (vancomycin, cycloserine, and bacitracin) . Our results indicate that the resistance of enterococci to antimicrobial killing spans the spectrum of agents known to inhibit cell wall synthesis and suggest that the mechanism responsible for enterococcal resistance to killing by these drugs may be a defective autolytic enzyme system. Am J Med, 1980 Mar, 68(3), 449 - 51 Enterococcal meningitis: combined vancomycin and rifampin therapy; Ryan JL et al.; Intrathecal vancomycin and oral rifampin have been used together to successfully treat a patient with enterococcal meningitis who was allergic to penicillin and who had failed a course of treatment with chloramphenicol . This therapy was tolerated very well and represents an alternate mode of therapy which should be considered in penicillin allergic patients with enterococcal meningitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1980 Jan 1, 136(1), 32 - 7 Cefamandole therapy of endomyometritis following cesarean section; Gibbs RS et al.; Sixty women with endometritis following cesarean section were treated with cefamandole (12 gm/day) alone . Specimens for culture were obtained by endometrial lavage and from peripheral blood . Minimum inhibitory concentrations were performed on anaerobes and enterococci by an agar dilution technique . Anaerobic organisms were isolated in 55 of 60 (91.7%) endometrial specimens . Bacteremia was documented in 12 patients (20%) . Of 387 isolates from uterine cultures, 20 (5%) were resistant or had MIC's greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml . Ten patients (17%) were judged clinical failures and responded to additional antibiotics . Of 19 patients with Bacteroides fragilis or related species isolates in the uterus, three (15%) were judged as failures . Cefamandole was well tolerated and appears to be useful in the initial treatment of endomyometritis. Infection, 1980, 8(4), 147 - 51 Clinical significance of enterococci in blood cultures from adult patients; Wells LD et al.; The significance of enterococci in the blood cultures of 79 adult patients encountered in a 21-month period was reviewed by means of clinical data . One blood culture consisted of an aerobic and an anaerobic bottle . Patients were divided according to the clinical picture into those with "likely", "possible", and "dubious" septicemia . Those with "likely" septicemia showed significantly more positive sets and more often two positive bottles in a single set taken on the same day than patients in the other categories . They also grew cultures with shorter detection times, with 90% of all cultures eventually yielding enterococci within three days after collection . Finally, probability figures relating positivity in one or two bottles to detection time and category of significance are presented . They may be used prospectively to assess the chances of a blood cultures reflecting any of the three above categories. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol, 1980, 7(4), 210 - 4 The causes of antepartum fetal death: a clinico-pathological study; Gruenberger W et al.; Forty cases of antepartum fetal death occurring among 6668 deliveries at the Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Vienna between 1976 and 1979 were evaluated . The fetal death rate was 6 per 1000 births . In 32 cases (80%) a diagnosis identifying the disorder, that initiated the cause of fetal death, could be established . The remaining 20% did not have a demonstrable diagnosis . The most frequent cause of death in this series was in 40% severe toxemia of pregnancy causing a chronic nutritive placental insufficiency . Histologically in such cases regressive changes of the placenta, such as microinfarcts, necrosis and deposition of intervillous fibrin were found . Rarer causes, also associated with intrauterine asphyxia were 2 cases each of placenta praevia (5%), and abruption placentae (5%), one cord accident (2.5%) and one case of postmaturity (2.5%) . The second most important etiological factor was in 12.5% the ascending intrauterine infection prior or after the premature rupture of the fetal membranes . Bacteriologically the most common organisms isolated were E . coli, enterococci and anaerobic bacteria . One fetal death was due to rhesus incompatibility, and in one case both twins died in utero (2.5%) . Our results suggest, than an early diagnosis and a successful treatment of placental insufficiency would permit a further reduction of the perinatal mortality rate . In conclusion the absolute necessity of the performance of all available diagnostic means in order to prevent recurrence of a stillbirth is emphasized. Ann Surg, 1980 Jan, 191(1), 30 - 4 Postoperative T-tube cholangiography . Is antibiotic coverage necessary; Pitt HA et al.; One hundred patients undergoing postoperative cholangiography had blood cultures drawn prior to and 15 minutes and six hours after cholangiography . Bile cultures obtained prior to cholangiography grew organisms in 92 of 100 patients with E . coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and enterococcus being the bacteria most frequently isolated . Anaerobes were isolated from the bile in 21% of the patients . Nine of 83 patients (11%) not receiving antibiotics developed a bacteremia after cholangiography with organisms identical to those in the bile . All nine patients recovered without further complications of cholangiography . Those who developed a bactermia could not be distinguished from the group as a whole on the basis of age, sex, laboratory data, type of surgery or cholangiographic findings . None of the eight patients with negative bile cultures and none of 17 patients on antibiotics at the time of cholangiography experienced a bacteremia . Ninety to 93% of 304 organisms isolated from the bile were sensitive to a combination of a penicillin and an aminoglycoside . Most patients undergoing postoperative tube cholangiography do not develop a bacteremia and do not require antibiotics . Only patients with positive bile cultures who might tolerate a bacteremia poorly, and those who are febrile from cholangitis immediately prior to cholangiography should be covered with a short course of systemic antibiotics. Acta Cardiol, 1980, 35(2), 141 - 51 {Bacterial endocarditis and echocardiography}; Jouret G et al.; The authors present a case of enterococcal bacterial endocarditis in which a high degree of correlation was found between the echocardiographic findings and the anatomical lesions found at autopsy . They review the value of echocardiography as a simple non-invasive technique in the diagnosis and assessment of bacterial endocarditis. Vet Med Nauki, 1980, 17(2), 85 - 91 {Enterococcal and coliform content in white brine cheese}; Aleksieva V; The contamination with microorganisms (enterococci and coliforms) indicative of hygeinic status was studied in 98 samples of white brine cheese (33 samples of cow's milk cheese and 65 of ewe's milk cheese) prepared for sale . It was found that 22.4 per cent of the cheese samples do not contain enterococi in 0.01 g product but in 15.3 per cent their amount exceeds 100 000/g . No relationship was found between enterococci finding and cheese content of salt, titratable and active acidity . Cheese contamination with coliforms bacteria is limited--merely 3.1 per cent of the samples contain coliforms in quantity of 10--100/g . No difference was found in the contamination of cow's and ewe's milk white brine cheese with enterococci and coliforms . The enterococci microflora in white brine cheese and in the brine is represented predominantly by Str . faecium and Str . durans (91.3 per cent of the isolated strains) . The coliforms are represented by E . coli, Enterob . aerogenes and Citrob . intermedium. J Infect Dis, 1979 Nov, 140(5), 724 - 31 Protective efficacy of immunization with capsular antigen against experimental infection with Bacteroides fragilis; Kasper DL et al.; The protective efficacy afforded by immunization with the capsular antigen of Bacteroides fragilis against abscess formation and bacteremia due to this organism was studied in an experimental rat model of intraabdominal sepsis . Of unimmunized animals, animals immunized with methylated bovine serum albumin and complete Freund's adjuvant, and animals immunized with lipopolysaccharide of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, greater than 90% developed abscesses when challenged intraperitoneally with strains of B . fragilis or Bacteroides distasonis (given with an enterococcus) or with the cecal contents of meat-fed rats . In contrast, animals immunized with B . fragilis capsular polysaccharide, given with or without methylated bovine serum albumin and complete Freund's adjuvant, and animals immunized with the outer membrane of B . fragilis strain 23745 were protected to a significant degree from abscesses caused by challenge with B . fragilis or B . distasonis . Such immunization had no overall effect on the development of abscesses in animals challenged with the entire cecal contents of meat-fed rats; however, B . fragilis was eliminated from the abscesses of these animals . Animals immunized with the capsular polysaccharide were protected from early B . fragilis bacteremia. MMW Munch Med Wochenschr, 1979 Sep 7, 121(36), 1133 - 6 {Preventive and therapeutic application possibilities of newer antibiotics (author's transl)}; Marget W; Today, however aminoglycosides are nearly indispensable owing to their broad antibacterial spectrum and genuine bactericidal effect as well as the possible synergic effect with beta-lactam preparations . The new cephalosporins are distinguished by a high beta-lactam stability and are active against the majority of pathogens causing nosocomial infections . An exceptional position is held by cefotaxim with its generally outstanding antibacterial potency, and by cefoxitin with its activity against Bacteroides fragilis . The ureidopenicillin azlocillin is superior to the Pseudomonas penicillins so far used . It acts against enterococci and H . influenzae as reliably as does mezlocillin. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 1979 Jul, 103(7), 355 - 8 Localized cytomegalovirus encephalitis contiguous to metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Soffer D et al.; We report a case of focal infection of the brain with cytomegalovirus (CMV) in a 14-year-old boy with metastatic lymphoepithelioma (nasopharyngeal carcinoma) . Cytomegalovirus-bearing subependymal glia were only seen in the fourth ventricle, in close proximity to tumor cells, these were associated with an intense inflammatory cell exudate . The latter was due to enterococcal meningitis . There was no evidence of systemic CMV infection, and the typical encephalitis with glial nodules seen in acquired forms of the disease was lacking . We postulate that the infection gained access to the brain either with the tumor cells, which happened to carry CMV genome, or with virus-carrying polymorphonuclear leukocytes migrating to the bacterial meningitis . It is also possible that the proliferating subependymal glia were unduly susceptible to CMV when the host defense mechanisms were compromised. Am J Med Sci, 1979 Mar-Apr, 277(2), 195 - 200 Parenteral prophylaxis against enterococcal endocarditis; Murillo J et al.; Three commonly used antibiotic regimens for the prevention of enterococcal endocarditis were administered parenterally to six healthy men in a crossover manner . The regimens included 1 gm of streptomycin intramuscularly (IM) in combination with (1) procaine penicillin 600,000 units plus aqueous penicillin G 200,000 units IM; or (2) ampicillin 25 mg/kg intravenously (IV); or (3) ampicillin 1 gm IM . The combinations containing ampicillin IM or IV with streptomycin produced bactericidal activity at dilutions of 1:2 or greater for the majority of the strains, whereas the penicillin-streptomycin regimen did not . All regimens were poorly bactericidal against three strains of enterococci which were highly resistant to streptomycin . These data suggest that ampicillin plus streptomycin is the preferred regimen for prophylaxis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 1979 Jan 26, 104(4), 135 - 6, 139 {Diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis involving three valves by echocardiography (author's transl)}; Staiger J et al.; Endocarditis was suspected in a 66-year-old man who had enterococcal septicaemia . Thrombotic involvement of the mitral, aortic and tricuspid valves by the endocarditis was demonstrated by echocardiography, the diagnosis and localisation of the endocarditic deposits being confirmed at necropsy, the patient's condition making operative treatment impossible . The characteristic echocardiographic finding was of abnormal echos from the valves with largely normal valve movements . Atrial myxoma and artefacts had to be considered in the differential diagnosis. Arzneimittelforschung, 1979, 29(2a), 381 - 4 In vitro studies with cefazedone; Primavesi CA; The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the new cephalosporin derivative (6R,7R)-7-(2-{3,5-dichloro-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridyl}-acetamido)-3-({(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thio}methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo{4,2,3}oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (cefazedone, Refosporen) were tested in vitro against 358 bacterial strains . The antibacterial activity of cefazedone corresponds largely to that of cephalothin . Cefazedone is also active at a concentration of 16 micrograms/ml against 100% of enterococci, which can be classified as moderately effective, compared to cephalothin, which is completely ineffective . The MIC values from the dilution broth technique are in good correlation with the results determined by agar diffusion tests. Ann Med Interne (Paris), 1979, 130(3), 165 - 8 {Idiopathic arteriovenous fistula of the renal peduncle (author's transl)}; Routier G et al.; Idiopathic arteriovenous fistulae in the renal peduncle are rare . A case was discovered during clinical examination, and was confirmed by total and selective arteriography . A vertebral and dise infection of L3-L4 was also present and blood cultures were positive for enterococcus . This fistula had a high blood-flow rate but it has to be stressed that it was well-tolerated by the cardiovascular system . It was also exceptional in that conservative therapy was possible in this case, which is the eighth reported up to the present time. Vet Med Nauki, 1979, 16(9), 11 - 5 {Enterococci and coliforms in yellow sheep's milk cheese}; Aleksieva V; Ninety-two samples of sheep milk yellow cheese were investigated 30 and 180 days after its production . The content of enterococci varied within a wide range--from 100 to 1,9 million per g . In 14.28% of the samples more than 10 000 enterococci per g were found . No correlation between salt content, acidity and pH and number of enterococci in the yellow cheese samples studied as well as between quantity of enterococci, period of cheese ripening and storage and the organoleptic evaluation of the product's ripeness was established . In 100% of the samples studied coli titer was above 0.1 . Of the 137 differentiated enterococci strains 67.1% belonged to the species Str . durans, while 32.8%--to Str . faecium.
|
© 2005
Transgalactic Ltd (manufacturer of Bioscreen C software) |
Privacy Statement | P.O. Box
1393, 00101 Helsinki, Finland,
Last modified: May 25, 2005
| ||||||
