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| Mol Biol (Mosk), 1975 Jan-Feb, 9(1), 19 - 27 {Structure of the complexes of distamycin type antibiotics and actinomycin D with DNA: new data on the localization of these antibiotics within the DNA narrow groove}; Kolchinskii AM et al.; It is shown that antibiotics actinomycin D (AM), netropsin (Nt), distamycin A (DM) and the propyl analogue of distamycin A (pDM) being complexed with DNA are located within the narrow groove of DNA . A comparative investigation of the 3H-dimethyl sulphate methylation extent of free calf thymus DNA and its complexes with AM, Nt, DM and pDM reveals that upon DNA saturation these antibiotics decrease the methylation level of the narrow groove (AM by 30%, pDM by 50%, DM by 65% and Nt by 70%) . In the triple complex of DNA+AM+DM the methylation level of the narrow groove drops by 80% . The large groove is not shielded by these antibiotics at all . However, the methylation level of the large groove decreases by 50% for T6 phage DNA due to the presence of glucosyl residues linked to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine within the large groove . The binding of AM to DNA saturated with Nt or with the analogue of distamycin A (DM2) containing the 2 N-methylpyrrole residues has been investigated by spectrophotometry . The apparent number of binding sites for AM in these 2 complexes is about half as much as observed for free DNA while the saturation level of the binding decreased only by about 20% . This proves simultaneous presence of AM and Nt (DM2) within the narrow groove of DNA. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek, 1975 Jan, 114(1), 124 - 6 {Characteristics of anaphylactic reactions to antibiotics administered under anesthesia}; Pershin AM et al.; Wide application of active chemical and biological substances in medical practice is inevitably associated with the appearance of adverse side reactions sometimes hazardous for patients' life . Especially grave allergic reactions are observed to antibiotics administered under narcosis . Narcosis would inhibit an anaphylactic response, but with its cessation when the allergen concentration in blood is high enough an extremely rapid anaphylactic reaction would develop that promptly resulted in a terminal patients' condition . Three case reports are described . Reanimation measures proved to be a success only in 2 cases. Antibiotiki, 1975, 20(12), 1061 - 5 {Spontaneous and induced variability in Actinomyces rubiginosohelvolus, a new producer of the antibiotic rubomycin}; Lapchinskaia OA et al.; Mutants possessing 3 times higher activity as compared to the initial culture were obtained as a result of selection of active variants of Act . rubiginosonelvolus, a new organism producing rubomycin against the background of variation induced by N-methyl-N1-nitro-N-nitrozoguinidine, diethylsulphate and their combinations . Further selection among the mutants stable to 6-mercaptopurine and riboflavine resulted in obtaining an active culture No . 3912 at least 7 times more active with respect to rubomycin production than the initial soil culture. Antibiotiki, 1975, 20(12), 1059 - 61 {Optical rotary dispersion of some heptaene antibiotics}; Morgunova AF et al.; Experimental differences in the curves of the optic rotation dispersion (ORD) of cystrans-heptaenic antibiotics were found . The ORD curves of amphotericin B, mycoheptin, levorin components and isolevorin A2, components of criptomycin and candidin were registered . The curves of the ORD which were smooth had been prepared in dimethylsulphoxide in the spectral range at 450 to 600 nm . In the spectral range at 300 to 420 nm the ORD curves appeared to be anomal with a complex Kotton effect, they were prepared in methyl alcohol . The Kotton effect was probably due to asymmetry of the electron membranes of polyenic chromophore induced by the other part of the polyen molecule . This was evident from the fact that the curve of the Kotton effect was situated in the same spectral range as the absorption bond of the polyenic chromophore . The oscillating structure in the absorption spectrum and the curve of the complex Kotton effect were analogous. Genetika, 1975, 11(8), 115 - 21 {Spontaneous variability of antibiotic biosynthesis in relation to morphogenetic processes in Actinomyces chromogenes var . trienicus}; Sokolova ZG et al.; Available data on possible relationship between the antibiotic activity of actinomycetes and the level of their differentiation, especially with their spore-formation ability, present certain interest with respect to possible relationship between the synthesis of antibiotics and the formation of secondary structures . The study of spontaneous stable variants of Actinomyces chromogenes var . trienicus demonstrates that all sporogenous variants produce the same complex of antibiotics as does the original population . The loss of the ability to synthesize antibiotics is observed only in the phenotypically different dwarf variant (VI) . The impaired differentiation (the loss of spore-formation ability) is accompanied by disturbances in the antibiotic synthesis: asporogenous variants are either inactive or produce only 1 antibiotic from the complex synthesized by the original population . Changes in the structure of spore chains do not probably correlate with qualitative and quantitative measurable changes in the antibiotic synthesis . The statistic evidence is suggestive of the fact that the variant with a more complex profile and topography of aerial mycelium displays a higher activity. Acta Chir Scand, 1975, 141(8), 780 - 5 Experimental ischaemia of the small intestine . Effect of antibiotic and antithrombotic drugs on the mucosal exchange circulation; Norlen K et al.; Factors of decisive importance for the fate of the intestine following circulatory occlusion incluse the bacterial flora of the intestine, intravascular thrombosis peripheral to the level of occlusion, and the capacity of the collateral circulation . Standardized ischaemia of the small intestine was produced in the rat by ligation of a given number of mesentric end arcades . The passive absorption of radioiodide from a defined, central loop within the ischaemic intestinal segment-as an expression of the exchange circulation of the intestinal mucosa-was determined 14 days after induction of the ischaemia . Different forms of treatment were studied . In Sprague-Dawley rats the effect of heparin, oxitetracycline (OCD) and a combination of these two drugs was examined both concerning the survival of the animals and with regard to the available exchange circulation in the mucosa of the ischaemic intestinal segment . The survival frequency was increased in all treatment groups . The exchange circulation in the ischaemic segment was improved significantly by ODC-treatment and by treatment with heparin and ODC combined . Treatment with heparin alone gave no improvement of the mucosal circulation. Z Allg Mikrobiol, 1975, 15(6), 437 - 45 {Physiology and biochemistry of streptomycetes . III . Incorporation of D-glucose-u-14C in paramomycin as indicator of antibiotic biosynthesis by Streptomyces albus var . metamycinus nov . var.}; Koster H et al.; Paromomycin was isolated from culture filtrates of Streptomyces albus var . metamycinus nov . var . after feeding the growing cultures with D-glucose-u-14C . From the different incorporation rates conclusions concerning different features of the paromomycin biosynthesis (utilization of the carbon source, proportional and disproportional changes of the rates of synthesis) could be drawn . Uptake and metabolism of glucose are discussed. Am J Dis Child, 1975 Jan, 129(1), 77 - 80 Cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid dehydrogenase activity . Levels in untreated and partially antibiotic-treated meningitis; Feldman WE; High levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were found in 23 cases of bacterial meningitis, but significantly lower levels of CSF LDH activity were observed in 11 patients with viral meningitis and in 13 patients with no central nervous system infection . No correlation was found between levels of CSF LDH activity and specific agents or the amounts of CSF white blood cell, protein, and glucose . The number of meningitis cases of unknown cause that could be classified as probably bacterial or viral was increased by determination of the level of CSF LDH activity . The level of CSH LDH activity is useful in differentiating bacterial from viral meningitis and, along with determination of the CSF blood cell counts and protein and glucose levels, aids in classification of meningitis before culture results are available. Chemotherapy, 1975, 21 Suppl 1, 1 - 7 Antibiotic concentrations in maxillary sinus secretions and in the sinus mucosa; Eneroth CM et al.; In maxillary sinusitis, the blood circulation is supposed to be impaired in the oedematous sinus mucosa, and in such cases the transport of antibiotics into the maxillary sinus should be reduced . To prove the accuracy of this assumption a comparison has been made between the concentrations of penicillin and doxycycline (Vibramycin, Pfizer) in sinus mucosa and secretions and the serum concentrations in patients under treatment with these antibiotics . Measureable concentrations of penicillin (greater than 0.2 mug/ml) were reached in the secretions only if the serum concentration was high (greater than 4-5 mug/ml) . In contrast, measurable concentrations of doxycycline were achieved in both mucosa and secretions in all patients treated with this antibiotic . This must depend on the fact that doxycycline, due to its optimal lipid solubility, was able to penetrate poorly vascularized tissue . In most cases, the concentrations of doxycycline far exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the isolated organisms, and in some cases the local concentrations were higher than those found in the serum . The clinical response to doxycycline was good and correlated well to the laboratory data. Zentralbl Bakteriol {Orig A}, 1975, 231(1-3), 223 - 8 {The effect of some antibiotics on multiplication of Coxiella burneti in the embryonated egg (author's transl)}; Leyk W et al.; In chick embryos 7 days after cultivation, the effect of chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tylosin (0.5 to 32 mg/egg), and of penicillin (100 to 10000 IE/egg) on the process of replication of C.b . in the yolk sac was examined . The ELD50 and the EID50 were examined according to REED and MUENCH . The demonstration of coxiellae was performed microscopically . The results of the examinations are summarized in fig . 1 to 3 . In infected untreated controls, the titres of the ELD50 were found at about 10(4) and those of the EID50 at 10(7) . The best inhibition was obtained by means of chloramphenicol . In this case, neither a letality of embryos nor an infectivity of eggs was demonstrable by administration of 16 mg/egg . Streptomycin had a similar effect on the letality of embryos like chloramphenicol, but coxiellae were still microscopically demonstrable at doses of 16 and 32 mg/egg . A smaller effect had tylosin so that even after an administration of 32 mg/egg, a minimal letality of embryos and a minimal infectivity of eggs remained . Almost no inhibition was obtained by means of penicillin . Even at 10000 IE/egg, the letality of embryos was diminished only by 1 log 10 and the infectivity of eggs by about 3 log 10 . After application of chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and tylosin, the embryos in infected eggs died regularly 1 to 2 days later than those in untreated infected controls with the same titres . Using penicillin, this effect could not be observed. J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 1975 Jan, 58(1), 95 - 8 Agar well technique for antibiotics in animal feeds; Thorpe VA; The agar well technique compares favorably with the cylinder plate assay in accuracy, sensitivity, and precision . It is more flexible and more rugged, and growth of seed organism is not inhibited . The wells are precision cut with Grafar gel punch assembly with sets (6) of 10, 7, 5, 4, and 3 mm cutters . The wells are easily and rapidly filled with short, disposable Pasteur pipets fitted with rubber bulbs . The smaller wells are filled with capillary pipets . The diameter of the well (independent of volume) appears to be a function of concentration . For every decrease in the diameter size of the well, concentration can be increased, at least to the next higher level of the standard response line . Extracts of chlortetracycline containing as much as 3.2 mu-g/ml can be analyzed if the 3 mm wells are used and with no sacrifice in accuracy or precision . This works especially well for antibiotic premixes . The technique has been used successfully for penicillin, streptomycin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, oleandomycin, and tylosin. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1975 Jan, 28(1), 29 - 34 A new antibiotic XK-62-2 . III The structure of XK-62-2, a new gentamicin C complex antibiotic; Egan RS et al.; The structure of XK-62-2 has been firmly established to be 6'-N-methylgentamicin C1a (3) by application of spectroscopic methods in conjunction with chemical degradation . The data obtained in every case are completely consistent with the proposed structure. Antibiotiki, 1975 Jan, 20(1), 15 - 8 {Study of the population makeup and antibiotic and transamidinase activity of Actinomyces streptomycini 773 stored for a long period in a lyophilized, dried state}; Kuznetsov VD et al.; Studies on variation of the streptomycin-producing organism Act . streptomycini 773 on its storage in lyophilized state showed that prolonged maintenance (for 8 years) resulted in increased percentage of "oligospore" (up to 6.9 per cent) and asporogenic (up to 6.0 per cent) variants in the population . The variants had lower transamidinase and antibiotic activity. Vopr Virusol, 1975 Jan-Feb, (1), 39 - 42 {Effect of antibiotics on experimental influenza immunity}; Karaev ZO et al.; The influence of antibodies (tetracycline, penicillin, streptomycin) on formation of immunity to influenza was studied experimentally in white mice which were immunized with live influenza A/PR8 virus and were given antibiotics in average therapeutic doses for 10 days . These antibiotics were found to inhibit formation of antiviral immunity. Vet Med Nauki, 1975, 12(10), 24 - 8 {Typing of E . coli strains isolated from a turkey and a test of their sensitivity in relation to antibiotics}; Minchev M; The turkey-poults on an industrial turkey-breeding farm were studied . A total of 75 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated . Typing was performed by Sojka's method: serotype 0-2 was established in 42.2 percent of the cases, 0-71-- in 12.6 per cent, 0-78 (11.2%), and 0-1 (8.4%) . The sensitivity of the typed strains was tested to 8 antibiotics and furazolidon . It was found that all strains possess certain amount of resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, oxitetracycli, and spectam . The same strains proved sensitive to ampicillin, colimycin, tetraoleandomycin, and to a certain extent to kanamycin . It is concluded that prophylaxis and treatment should be carried out with the use of ampicillin, colimycin, furazolidon, and tetraloleandomycin. Chemotherapy, 1975, 21(3-4), 167 - 74 Mucolytic and antibiotic effect of a new compound in chronic bronchitis; Burgi H; The purpose of the study was the objective evaluation of the mucolytic and antibiotic properties of Fluimucil Antibiotic, a molecular combination of acetylcysteine and thiamphenicol . The preparation was administered to 45 patients in the dose of 3 tablets daily each containing 500 mg of thiamphenical . Statistical analysis of the data obtained showed mucolytic effects on the 4th to 5th day of treatment and marked antibiotic activity . The evaluation is positive particularly if the relatively low dose of antibiotic normally used in chronic bronchitis is considered . The preparation Fluimucil Antibiotic can be recommended for the treatment of chronic bronchitis also in view of its good tolerability. Antibiotiki, 1975 Jan, 20(1), 22 - 6 {Effect of antibiotics on the indices on nonspecific immunity}; Mamedova KT et al.; Multiple (for 14 and 20 days) administrations of antibiotics, such as tetraolean, tetracycline and penicillin from the beginning of the animal immunization (rabbits and albino rats) with typhoid fever and candidosis vaccines inhibited activity of both the non-specific and the specific immunity. Am J Gastroenterol, 1975 Jan, 63(1), 37 - 9 The use of antibiotics in biliary tract disease; Babb RR; Antibotics are often used in the treatment of patients with biliary tract disease . Certain drugs are relatively contraindicated if there is preexisting liver dysfunction . Not all antibiotis achieve a high level in bile, and knowledge of their individual excretion rate is important for intelligent use. Z Allg Mikrobiol, 1975, 15(8), 615 - 23 Leukaemomycin, in antibiotic with antitumor activity . II . Isolation and identification; Strauss D et al.; A Streptomyces strain belonging to Streptomyces griseus (Krainsky) Waksman et Henrici 1948 sensu Hutter (1967) was found to produce the red-pigment antibiotic leukaemomycin . The antitumor active antibiotic was isolated from the culture broth and purified by ion-exchange processes . The crude base of leukaemomycin mainly consists of 4 components with biological activity . The base-complex was separated by counter-current distribution into the biological active leukaemomycins B1, B2, C, and D . The single components of leukaemomycin were compared with the anthracycline antibiotics daunomycin, dihydrodaunomycin, and adriamycin . The analytical procedures allowed to state the identity of leukaemomycin B1 with rubomycin B, leukaemomycin C with daunomycin, leukaemomycin D with dihydrodaunomycin and allowed to suggest the identity of leukaemomycin B2 with daunosaminyldaunomycin . Formulas and physicochemical data are given . Bio-assay methods are described to determine leukaemomycin B complex beside leukaemomycin C. Z Allg Mikrobiol, 1975, 15(6), 411 - 21 Effects of the antibiotic resistomycin on the synthesis of macromolecules; Haupt I et al.; Resistomycin preferentially inhibits RNA synthesis in comparison to DNA and protein synthesis in intact bacterial cells . Studies with cell-free systems have shown that the antibiotic interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis, while protein synthesis is inhibited to a much lesser extent . Detailed studies in cell-free systems indicate an interaction of resistomycin with DNA- and RNA polymerase . In the case of RNA polymerase this was proved by CD measurements, whereas no interaction of the antibiotic with DNA, RNA, and homopolynucleotides could be found . One can conclude that the binding of the antibiotic to RNA polymerase is the basis for its interference with RNA synthesis. Am J Vet Res, 1975 Jan, 36(1), 103 - 8 Cardiovascular depressant effects of the neomycin-streptomycin group of antibiotics; Adams HR; Cardiovascular depressant effects of the neomycin-streptomycin group of antibiotics (aminoglycoside antibiotics) were examined during pentobarbital anesthesia in cats, dogs, and 4 species of nonhuman primates: owl (Aotus trivirgatus), squirrel (Saimiri sciureus), and rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys, and dog-faced baboons (Papio cynocephalus) . Intravenous administration of kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, or neomycin produced various degrees of hypotension and relative bradycardia in all species examined . In surgically prepared (open-chest) baboons, neomycin consistently induced a dose-related depression of myocardial contractile force, maximum dF/dt of myocardial contraction, cardiac output, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures . Maximum depression of hemodynamic values usually occurred within 2 to 5 minutes after administration of neomycin; cardiovascular function then gradually returned to control or near control levels within 30 to 60 minutes . Intravenous administration of calcium chloride rapidly reversed the neomycin-mediated alterations of cardiovascular function . Present findings indicated that aminoglycoside antibiotics altered cardiovascular dynamics in anesthetized animals, and indicated that this deleterious action(s) may be related to modification of calcium ion function. Antibiotiki, 1975, 20(12), 1107 - 11 {Biochemical processes in the leukocytes which phagocytize antibiotic--sensitive and antibiotic-resistant bacteria}; Tsyganenko AIa et al.; Biochemical activity of the guinea pig leucocytes phagocyting live antibiotic sensitive and resistant bacteria was studied in vitro . The results of the study showed that the leucocytes which had absorbed live Staph . aureus and E . coli sensitive and resistant to be benzylpenicillin and levomycetin respectively differed in increased contents of nucleic acids . The increase was due to higher contents of RNA . The activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases was markedly inhibited . The use of oxygen and lipase activity did not differ from the control in the experiments with phagocytosis of both Staph . aureus and E . coli . The activity of peroxidase and catalase in the experiments with phagocytosis of E . coli did not differ from the control, while in the experiments with phagocytosis of Staph . aureus it increased . The data testified to the fact that the enzymatic activity of the phagocytes changed when they absorbed the objects of phagocytosis, the changes in the biochemical activity being dependent on the nature of the antigen and its state. Z Allg Mikrobiol, 1975, 15(4), 249 - 57 {Precursor formation and biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic a 6599 (turimycin) by streptomyces hygroscopicus JA 6599}; Grafe U et al.; The possible role of some metabolic systems producing acetyl-CoA, and methylmalonyl-CoA as initial precursors in the biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic A 6599 by Streptomyces hygroscopicus JA 6599 was studied . The activities of pyruvate decarboxylase exceeded in two higher producing strains about twofold those found in the mycelium of a lower producing one suggesting that in this organism an enhanced production of acetyl-CoA should be one of the prerequisites necessary for an improved antibiotic biosynthesis . No clear interrelationship was established, however, between the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite A 6599 on the one hand and the acetate and propionate kinase content on the other hand . In S . hygroscopicus JA 6599 the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA seems to be the major pathway giving malonyl-CoA or methylmalonyl-CoA, respectively . Thus, the activities of acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA carboxylases corresponded with both the levels of antibiotic production in several strains and with variations observed in the specific antibiotic production rate during the cultivation . Some other pathways synthesizing these precursors, e.g . via oxaloacetate, are assumed to be negligible since even in the mycelium of the lower producing strain increased activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase were present. Boll Ist Sieroter Milan, 1975, 54(6), 445 - 7 Analysis of metabolic changes in revertants of antibiotic-resistant micobacteria; Alberghina M et al.; In the present report evaluation of the possible metabolic changes in partially revertants of M . tuberculosis var . hominis, reisolated from strains at high levels of drug-resistance after treatment with mutagenic agents, was reported . Based on the data presented here, it must be concluded that no significant biological and biochemical differences in mycobacterial cells revertant from high mutants mono-resistant to four aminoglycosides (Sm, Kana, Vio, Neo) and p-aminonasalicylic acid (PAS) are to be found. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil, 1975, 169(3), 660 - 4 {Potentialization of antibiotics by lytic enzymes}; Brisou J et al.; Few lytic enzymes, specially papaine and lysozyme, acting on the membrane and cell wall structures facilitate effects of bacitracine, streptomycine and other antibiotics . Streptomycino resistant strains became sensibles to this antibiotic after contact with papaine and lysozyme . The results of tests in physiological suspensions concern only the lytic activity of enzymes . The results on nutrient medium concern together lytic, and antibiotic activities. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil, 1975, 169(1), 217 - 21 {Effect of some antibiotics on semi-circular canal activity in the frog (Rana esculenta)}; Gallais A et al.; We have studied the action of two ototoxic antibiotics (streptomycin and gentamycin) on the activity of the horizontal semicircular canal in comparison with those of penicillin and 7 g/1 NaCl solution, all of them being injected into the labyrinthic cavity . Only streptomycin and gentamycin have a specific action, and the one of streptomycin is much more important than the one of gentamycin. Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg), 1975 Jan, 54(1), 9 - 13 {The effect of various antibiotics on the mixed flora of the maxillary sinus in sinusitis(author's transl)}; Schindler K et al.; The effect of four frequently used antibiotics on the germs of the sinus maxillaris was studied . For this purpose germs of the sinus max . rinsing fluid, got from 127 patients, were cultured under nearly the same physical and chemical conditions which can be expected in the sinus itself . Each antibiotic substance was studied with three different comcentrations in the culture medium . By extrapolation of the linear regression between some characteristical parameters of the culture absorbancy development and the concentration, the inhibitory concentration can be estimated . The efficacy decreases in the following order: Doxycyclin greater than Gentamycin greater than Ampicillin greater than Lincomycin . An inhibitory concentration results, if the antibiotics are instilled in the sinus itself . The general side effects can be neglected but not at all the local ones . Investigations in this direction are still going on . As a preliminary report, 700 instillations of Lincomycin turned out with no incident. Z Erkr Atmungsorgane, 1975 Jan, 142(1), 68 - 77 {Sensitivity of m . kansasii strains to various antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in vitro and in vivo (author's transl)}; Burjanova B et al.; Sensitivity of 40 strains of M . kansasii (var . luciflava) to various antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in vitro and in vivo was examined . The strains showed considerable individual variability in their susceptibility in vitro, most were more resistant to isoniazid and PAS and about one half of the investigated strains to streptomycin, too, if correlated to "wild" strains of M . tuberculosis . Susceptibility to ethionamide, thiosemicarbazone (Conteben), viomycin, kanamycin and cycloserine appears to be the same as in the case of M . tuberculosis strains, but the resistance to pyrazinamide is higher . Good effect has been observed in vitro with rifampicin, ethambutol, capreomycin and phenazine derivative B 663 . Oleandomycin and gentamycin are ineffectual in the dosages of drugs we used . The activity of most of these drugs was observed in experimental infections of white mice--in mono-therapy and in various combinations-provoked by different strains of M . kansasii . The main criterion of the effectivity of the treatment was the enumeration of viable mycobacterial units in the lungs of the mice in ten-days intervals; in one part of the experiments the histological examination of the various organs of the mice was performed . The drugs of the I . and II . line of antituberculotics were ineffective or showed only a slight effect . A very good effect of rifampicin, ethambutol and phenazine derivative B 663 in monotherapy and in multiply drug therapy was observed. Folia Microbiol (Praha), 1975, 20(4), 340 - 5 Effects of antibiotics on the life cycle of Neurospora crassa; Betina V et al.; Some antibiotics and synthetic inhibitors affect, in several ways, the life cycle of Neurospora crassa (germination of conidia leads to myceliar growth leads to formation of conidia) . Bikaverin, cyanein, scopathricin and phenethyl alcohol retard the germination of conidia, without inhibiting it completely . 5-Fluorouracil, ramihyphin A and zygosporin A (cytochalasin D) do not inhibit the germination . Bikaverin brings about a thickening of the hyphae of growing mycelium . Ramihyphin A, cyanein, scopathricin and zygosporin A stimulate the ramification of hyphae while 5-fluorouracil and phenethyl alcohol do not affect the myceliar morphology apart from their inhibitory effect on growth . Actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil, cycloheximide, ramihyphin A and partially also sodium iodoacetate inhibit to a different degree the photoinduced formation of conidia . The inhibition by 5-fluorouracil is very conspicuous when the agent is present during the photoinduction but considerably weaker when it is applied 2 h after the photoinduction. Folia Biol (Praha), 1975, 21(1), 60 - 4 Effect of antibiotics on the mutagenic activity induced by chemicals . I . Chromosome aberrations during spermatogenesis in mice; Sram RJ et al.; Effect of antibiotics (rifampicin-RIF, puromycin-PU, chloramphenicol-CHF and cycloheximide-CYC) on the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities induced by TEPA {tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide} was studied by the cytogenetic analysis in mice during spermatogenesis . Males were given intraperitoneally a single dose of one of the following agents: TEPA 1 mg./kg . b.w., RIF 150 mg./kg . b.w., PU 100 mg./kg . b.w., CHF 500 mg./kg . b.w . and CYC 100 mg./kg . b.w., or a simultaneously administered TEPA and an antibiotic . Spermatocytes in the diakinesis/first metaphase stage and in spermatogonia . However, statistically insignificantly increased translocations in the group TEPA-CHF, univalents of X and Y chromosomes in TEPA-CHF, CYC and TEPA-CYC, and the increased frequency of metaphases with 19II + U and 20II + f were induced in the preleptotene stage . The decreased frequency of X and Y univalents in TEPA-RIF and TEPA-CHF was induced in spermatogonia . Results revealed a possible selective pressure against the cells carrying some abnormalities. Int J Fertil, 1975, 20(1), 45 - 9 Improvement of fertility and semen quality in men treated with a combination of anticongestive and antibiotic drugs; Homonnai TZ et al.; The effects of a combined therapy of antibiotics and antiinflammatory drugs was evaluated in 344 men referred to our clinic for treatment of infertility . Physical signs of congestion, usually not severe, were detected in 244 men . The treatment caused significant improvement in semen quality, especially in sperm concentration, morphology and motility . Forty percent of the wives became pregnant . There was a striking relationship between increase in morphologically normal spermatozoa and incidence of pregnancy . It is speculated that the therapy had its major effect at the level of the epididymis and/or testis. Z Allg Mikrobiol, 1975, 15(8), 575 - 83 {Inducible accumulation of alpha-ketoglutaric acid in cultures of Streptomyces hygroscopicus JA 6599 producing a macrolide antibiotic}; Grafe U et al.; The excessive production of pyruvic and 2-oxoglutaric acid by S . hygroscopicus JA 6599 grown on a medium rich in complex carbon and nitrogen sources was studied . Towards the end of the first day of batch cultivation a maximum level of both keto acids in the medium was observed . By diluting the complete culture with water at 22nd hour, however, a further increase in 2-oxoglutarate concentration was induced and the antibiotic production was slightly stimulated . In diluted cultures the oxygen saturation was found to be distinctly higher than in non-diluted ones and, on the other hand, the mycelial activities of both pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylases were decreased . Since the 2-oxoglutarate level was strongly influenced by inhibitors of glycolysis and of citric acid cycle, it is suggested that the metabolite accumulation in diluted cultures is mainly caused by modifications of the metabolic control of carbohydrate catabolism due to an improved aeration . Furthermore, the macrolide antibiotic A 6599 produced by S . hygroscopicus JA 6599 itself was shown to interfere with the accumulation of 2-oxoglutaric acid. J Lipid Res, 1971 Sep, 12(5), 604 - 13 Micellar properties of sodium fusidate, a steroid antibiotic structurally resembling the bile salts; Carey MC et al.; The properties of sodium fusidate micelles were determined by a spectral shift technique, surface tension measurements, and ultracentrifugal analysis . The critical micellar concentrations, mean molecular areas, and apparent aggregation numbers were estimated as a function of the concentration of counterion (0.001-1.0 m Na(+)) at 20 degrees C . The critical micellar concentrations were studied over a temperature range of 10 degrees C to 40 degrees C at one counterion concentration (0.001 m Na(+)), and from these data the standard thermo-dynamic functions of micellization were calculated . The ability of sodium fusidate solutions to solubilize the insoluble swelling amphiphiles, lecithin and monoolein, was investigated, and the results were compared with the solubilizing properties of sodium taurocholate . The critical micellar concentrations of sodium fusidate approximated those of sodium taurocholate . The values fell in the range of 1.44-4.56 mm, varying with the technique used, counterion concentration, and temperature . The percentage of counterions bound to fusidate micelles in water, calculated from the log critical micellar concentration-log Na(+) curve, was estimated to be negligible, which compares with sodium taurocholate micelles . The critical micellar concentration of sodium fusidate exhibited a minimum at 20 degrees C, a phenomenon observed with other ionic detergents and with bile salts . Micelle formation in sodium fusidate solutions was shown to be primarily entropy-driven at 10 degrees and 20 degrees C, whereas at 30 degrees and 40 degrees C the enthalpy factor predominated . From the surface tension measurements the molecular areas of sodium fusidate and sodium taurocholate were calculated . The mean molecular area of fusidate was 101 A(2), whereas sodium taurocholate possessed a molecular area of 88 A(2) . It was demonstrated that the sodium fusidate molecule, like a bile salt molecule, lies with its longitudinal axis horizontal at an air-water interface . The apparent aggregation number of sodium fusidate micelles increased from 5 to 16 as the concentration of counterion increased from 0.01 to 0.60 m Na(+) . These values are slightly larger than the corresponding aggregation numbers of sodium taurocholate micelles.
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