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| Mikrobiol Z, 1998 Jul-Aug, 60(4), 57 - 66 {The cloning and expression of the gene for beta-galactosidase from Candida pseudotropicalis yeasts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells}; Tretiak KA et al.; The gene of beta-galactosidase of lactose-assimilating yeast Candida pseudotropicalis was cloned in pG2 and pBG2-3 hybrid shuttle vectors and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory strains under the control of own promoter . The plasmids were able to replicate autonomously with relative stability in transformants of baker's yeasts . The availability of glucose or lactose in the medium influenced the recombinant plasmid stability and the expression of the cloned gene . A number of experiments have shown that the LAC+ phenotype in pG2-transformed Saccharomyces cerevisiae was due to the expression of the Candida pseudotropicalis lactose permease gene that is probably located in SaIG1/XhoI DNA fragment about 4.3 kb long . Southern hybridization experiments showed that LAC(+)-transformants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contained both autonomously-replicative, and integrative pG2 plasmid. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 1998 Aug, 20(3), 447 - 54 Polymorphonuclear phagocytosis and killing in workers occupationally exposed to hexachlorobenzene; Queiroz ML et al.; Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida albicans and Candida pseudotropicalis by neutrophils from 66 workers exposed to chlorinated compounds were studied . Phagocytosis with both antigens was normal in all the workers studied . However, lytic activity of the neutrophils in the presence of both antigens, C . albicans and C . pseudotropicalis was impaired . These findings might be related to a derangement in the antioxidant mechanisms and to some interference with GSH levels that might lead to the abnormal functions observed in neutrophils. Sante, 1997 Nov-Dec, 7(6), 349 - 54 {A clinical and biological study of parasitic and fungal diarrhea in immunosuppressed patients in an urban and suburban area of Yaoundé}; Same-Ekobo A et al.; We studied 66 cases of intestinal mycosis and parasitosis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus with chronic diarrhea . All subjects were from the Yaounde urban area and were followed between February and December 1996 . They were recruited from 3 hospitals in the center of Yaounde and were aged between 2 and 52 years . There was weight loss in 80.3% and severe dehydration in 72.3% of cases . Feces consisted mostly of watery stools similar to those of cholera patients (50% of cases) and loose stools (43.9% of cases) . Parasitic agents were detected in 31.8% and fungal agents in 80.5% of cases . The opportunistic Protozoans detected included Cryptosporidium parvum (15.8%), microsporidia (8.8%) and Isospora belli (3.5%) . Six cases of helminthiasis were also identified . Candida albicans was the most common opportunistic mycosis agent (39.1%) . Other fungal species detected included Geotrichum candidum, Candida pseudotropicalis and Trichosporon sp . but all of these were less common. Mikrobiol Z, 1997 Jan-Feb, 59(1), 11 - 7 {The cloning and expression of the beta-galactosidase gene of Candida pseudotropicalis yeasts in Escherichia coli cells}; Tretiak KA et al.; The gene encoding the beta-galactosidase of the yeast Candida pseudotropicalis was cloned on YEp13 shuttle vector as the XhoI-fragment of chromosomal DNA of about 9.5 kb . SalGI-fragment of 7.5 kb with the beta-galactosidase gene was subcloned from the pG2 hybrid plasmid obtained into the pBR322 plasmid and then shortened to give 5.2 kb via deletion on XhoI site . This plasmid constructed was designated pBG2-1 . In DNA/DNA hybridization studies the appearance of one XhoI-fragment and seven EcoRI-fragments in DNA C . pseudotropicalis hybridized to the DNA cloned fragment and the absence of hybridization to DNA Escherichia coli were shown . The beta-galactosidase activity of cells of transformants of E . coli was lower than the activity of prototrophic strain . The beta-galactosidase biosynthesis in transformants was insignificantly induced by lactose and IPTG and was not repressed by glucose. Zentralbl Bakteriol, 1996 Apr, 283(4), 492 - 6 Serum level determination of fluconazole by high-performance liquid chromatography and bioassay; Hulsewede JW et al.; An HPLC method using a reverse phase system, an isocratic mobile phase and 1-phenyl-1,2 ethanediol as internal standard and a well diffusion bioassay using a strain of Candida pseudotropicalis were compared for the measurement of fluconazole in serum . Both methods permit determination of fluconazole in the range from 1 mg/L to 30 mg/L . The correlation between both methods was found to be r = 0.89 . Both methods are useful for monitoring the serum level of fluconazole in clinical routine work. Arch Pharm (Weinheim), 1995 May, 328(5), 425 - 30 Synthesis of 1,2,5(6)-trisubstituted benzimidazoles and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities; Goker H et al.; A series of 22 benzimidazoles, having several substituents on the azole and benzene nuclei, were prepared and evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity . At first 2-chloro or 2-chloromethyl-5(6)-substituted-1H-benzimidazoles were synthesized, which were then substituted at C-2 with several piperazine or piperidine derivatives . The antibacterial activity of these compounds against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida stellatoidea, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida pseudotropicalis were determined as the MIC values . Since compound 12 exhibits good activity, in order to clarify the effect of substituents at C-1 on the activity, benzimidazole derivatives having ethyl, allyl, benzyl, and p-fluorobenzyl substituents at C-1 were prepared, and slightly increased activity was seen. J Pharm Sci, 1995 Apr, 84(4), 462 - 5 Synthesis and biological activities of some 3,6-disubstituted thiazolo{3,2-b}{1,2,4}triazoles; Erol DD et al.; Some new 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-phenyl-3-(4-substituted- (phenylthiazolo{3,2-b}{1,2,4}triazole derivatives were synthesized as antifungal agents . After their structures were confirmed by microanalysis and IR and NMR spectral analysis, their antifungal activities against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida stellatoidea, and Candida pseudotropicalis were investigated . Contrary to our expectations, all proved to have poor antifungal activities . Because 2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones are a new class of anticonvulsant agents, a series of thiazolo{3,2-b}{1,2,4}triazoles was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity and observed as potential anticonvulsant candidates . All compounds examined exhibited activity against both maximal electroshock and pentylene tetrazole-induced seizures in mice. Int J Immunopharmacol, 1994 Dec, 16(12), 1011 - 7 Polymorphonuclear phagocytosis and killing in workers exposed to inorganic mercury; Perlingeiro RC et al.; The ability of neutrophils to phagocytose and kill Candida species as well as the splenic phagocytic function were investigated in workers from a mercury-producing plant . In the neutrophil phagocytosis study, two species of Candida were used since in individuals with myeloperoxidase deficiency neutrophils are unable to kill Candida albicans, while Candida pseudotropicalis can be effectively lysed . Phagocytosis of both antigens and splenic phagocytic function were normal in all the workers studied . However, following ingestion of the organisms there was considerable reduction in the ability of neutrophils from exposed workers to kill both species of Candida, and this was not explained by a mild impairment of phagocytosis . After improvement in the hygiene conditions in the factory, a new evaluation was performed, 6 months later, in the same workers and urinary mercury concentrations were determined monthly in each worker . Despite a significant reduction in urinary mercury concentrations, a greater impairment in the ability of neutrophils to kill C . albicans was observed . The killing of C . pseudotropicalis presented no further impairment when compared to the previous evaluation . These results suggest that impairment of the lytic activity of neutrophils from workers with urinary mercury concentrations within the safe level for exposed population is due, at least in part, to some interference with myeloperoxidase activity . In addition, the mercury-NADPH complex, once formed, could limit the utilization of reduced pyridine nucleotides by NADPH-dependent enzymes such as NADPH oxidase, thereby inhibiting the PMN respiratory burst. Zentralbl Bakteriol, 1994 Nov, 281(4), 513 - 8 Comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography and bioassay for the determination of 5-fluorocytosine in serum; Hulsewede JW; An HPLC method using a reverse phase system, an isocratic mobile phase and simple protein precipitation and a plate diffusion bioassay using an amphotericin B resistant strain of Candida pseudotropicalis for the measurement of 5-fluorocytosine in serum were compared . Both methods permit a determination of 5-fluorocytosine in sera also in the presence of amphothericin B . The correlation between bioassay and HPLC runs was found to be r = 0.96 . Both methods are useful for monitoring the serum level of 5-fluorocytosine in clinical routine. Infect Immun, 1994 Oct, 62(10), 4425 - 31 Structure of cell wall mannan of Candida kefyr IFO 0586; Kobayashi H et al.; We conducted a structural analysis of the antigenic cell wall mannoprotein (mannan) isolated from Candida kefyr (formerly Candida pseudotropicalis) IFO 0586 . The result of two-dimensional homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn analysis of this mannan indicates that the molecule is constructed from alpha-1,2- and alpha-1,6-linked mannopyranose residues . Upon alkali treatment (beta-elimination reaction), this mannan released two alpha-1,2-linked mannooligosaccharides, biose and triose . The structure of the alkali-stable mannan (outer chain) moiety was investigated by acetolysis . The structures of the resultant oligosaccharides, biose and triose, from the outer chain moiety were found to be the same as those of the alkali-released ones . Further, the treatment of the parent mannan with an Arthrobacter GJM-1 exo-alpha-mannosidase gave a linear mannan consisting solely of alpha-1,6-linked mannopyranose residues . These results indicate that the mannan forms the long backbone of the alpha-1,6 linkage, with a large number of short alpha-1,2-linked oligomannosyl side chains forming a comblike structure . Moreover, we investigated the serological properties of this mannan by performing an inhibition assay of a slide agglutination reaction with mannooligosaccharides and polyclonal factor sera (Candida Check; Iatron) . The result indicates that the factor 1 serum preferentially recognizes the alpha-1,2-linked oligomannosyl side chains in this mannan . On the other hand, the fact that the mannan does not contain an antigenic determinant(s) corresponding to factor 8 suggests that the epitope(s) of this factor resides in other molecules on the cell surface of this strain.
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