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Cr(VI) Reduction by Sulfidogenic and Nonsulfidogenic Microbial Consortia. Y. Meriah Arias, 2003.In time course experiments, bacterial community compositions were compared between a sulfidogenic and two nonsulfidogenic Cr(VI)-reducing consortia enriched from metal-contaminated sediments . The consortia were subjected to 0 and 0.85 mM or 1.35 mM Cr(VI), and Cr(VI) reduction, growth, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of PCR products of small-subunit (16S) ribosomal genes were compared . Results showed that although Cr(VI) was completely reduced by the three consortia, Cr(VI) inhibited cell growth, with sulfate-reducing bacteria being particularly sensitive to Cr(VI) toxicity relative to other bacteria in the consortia . virF-Positive Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica Found in Migratory Birds in Sweden. Taina Niskanen, 2003.During spring and autumn migrations, 468 fecal samples from 57 different species of migratory birds were collected in Sweden . In total, Yersinia spp . were isolated from 12.8% of collected samples . The most commonly found species was Yersinia enterocolitica, which was isolated from 5.6% of all collected samples, followed by Y . intermedia (3.8%), Y . frederiksenii (3.0%), Y . kristensenii (0.9%), Y . pseudotuberculosis (0.6%), and Y . rohdei (0.4%) . The pathogenic, virF-positive Y . pseudotuberculosis strains were recovered from three thrushes . These strains belonged to the same bioserotype, 1/O:2, but had two different profiles as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with NotI and SpeI enzymes . In addition, 10 Y . enterocolitica strains, all from barnacle geese, belonged to bioserotype 3/O:3, which is associated with human disease . Two of the strains were pathogenic, carrying the virF gene on their plasmids . All pathogenic Y . pseudotuberculosis and Y . enterocolitica strains were recovered during the spring, and as the birds were caught during active migration they likely became infected at an earlier stage of the migration, thus potentially transporting these bacterial pathogens over long geographical distances .
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