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| C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D, 1975 Mar 10, 280(10), 1321 - 3 {Tetracycline resistance in Haemophilus influenzae is plasmid-linked}; Van AD et al.; A strain of Haemophilus influenzae resistant to tetracycline (MIC 16-32 mug/ml) was "cured" of tetracycline resistance by ethidium bromide . DNA centrifugation in cesium chloride + ethidium bromide density gradients showed the existence of a band of non-chromosomal DNA molecules in the original resistant strain . This band was not found in lysates of a strain "cured" of tetracycline resistance by ethidium bromide . These facts support the hypothesis that in this strain of Haemohpilus influenzae, tetracycline resistance is plasmid mediated. J Virol, 1975 Mar, 15(3), 570 - 84 Identification and characterization of the in vitro synthesized gene products of bacteriophage M13; Konings RN et al.; Bacteriophage M13 replicative form (RF) DNA was used to direct coupled transcription and translation in cell-free extracts prepared from Escherichia coli . By using RF DNA, isolated from cells infected with appropriate amber mutants of this phage, it has been possible to identify the products of genes I through IV . By using the same methods no gene-product relationship could be demonstrated for genes VI and VII . Coupled in vitro protein synthesis studies on RF-III DNA, a linear double-stranded DNA molecule, obtained after cleavage of either RF-I or RF-II DNA with the restriction endonuclease R.Hin11 from Haemophilus influenzae, indicated that the cleavage site for this enzyme is located in gene II . The in vitro products of both gene III and gene VIII are about 30 and six amino acids longer, respectively, than their native counterparts present within the virion . These results suggest that the latter proteins arise in vivo by cleavage of precursor molecules . Coupled transcription and translation studies on a DNA fragment which only contained the genetic information coding for gene IV protein, obtained after cleavage of RF DNA with the restriction endonuclease R.Hap11 from Haemophilus aphirophilus, indicated that a large number of the in vitro synthesized polypeptides are the result of premature chain termination. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1975 Mar, 0(3), 115 - 9 {Obtaining specific non-adsorbed sera to Haemophilus influenza for the agglutination test on glass}; Khramova NI et al.; Type-specific agglutinating sera to capsular antigenas of H . influenzae were recovered (from 1:3200 to 1:25600) . With the given immunization scheme there formed mostly IgG immunoglobulins, and only insignificant amount of IgM (separation of G-200 Sephadex gel) . IgG were found to be responsible for the type-specificity of the sera to bacteria, whereas the cross reactions within the H . influenzae genus were connected connected with the IgM . Use of the sera heated at various temperature regimens offered a possibility of obtaining highly specific agglutinating sera with the aid of which express serodiagnosis of the isolated H . influenzae strains was possible. J Med Microbiol, 1975 Feb, 8(1), 59 - 76 A comparison of the biochemical activities of Bacteroides corrodens and Eikenella corrodens with those of certain other gramnegative bacteria; James AL et al.; Tests carried out on strictly anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic strains of "corrodens" bacteria, showed that although these organisms are relatively inactive biochemically, differentiation can be made on the basis of tests that demonstrate reduction of nitrite, hydrolysis of urea and 1-naphthyl acetate, decarboxylation of lysine and ornithine, and sensitivity to certain selective agents included in culture medium . Plasma was found to be superior to serum in supporting the growth of all "corrodens" bacteria, and a combination of heated and unheated blood added to a nutrient base was shown to yield good growth . Comparative studies are reported with various species of Bacteroides, Haemophilus, Bordetella and related genera. Am J Dis Child, 1975 Feb, 129(2), 208 - 15 Ampicillin in Haemophilus influenzae meningitis . Clinicopharmacologic evaluation of intramuscular vs intravenous administration; Wilson HD et al.; Sixty-two children with Haemophilus meningitis were treated with ampicillin sodium, 200 mg/kg/day for ten days . Thirty-one received the drug intravenously (IV) for ten days; the other 31 patients received ampicillin IV for five days (except for one test dose given intramuscularly {IM} on day 2) followed by IM administration of ampicillin the last five days . Ampicillin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (SCF) were higher one hour after IV administration, but at two and four hours, concentrations were greater after IM doses . Responses to therapy and rates of complications were similar in the two groups . Fourteen patients had positive CSF cultures on day 2 . Ten of these were isolated only on Levinthal medium and would have been overlooked with routine culture methods . All organisms were ampicillin-susceptible and all CSF cultures were negative by 48 hours . More patients with delayed sterilization had neurologic sequelae (78%) than patients with prompt CSF sterilization (13%) . The schedule of five days of IV treatment followed by five days of IM therapy was pharmacologically and clinically as effective as ten days of IV therapy and has practical advantages. Mutat Res, 1975 Feb, 27(2), 201 - 17 N-Nitrosocarbaryl-induced mutagenesis in Haemophilus influenzae strains deficient in repair and recombination; Beattie KL; Mutagenesis was studied in repair- and recombination-deficient strains of Haemophilus influenzae after treatment with N-nitrosocarbaryl (NC) . Three different strains of H . influenzae carrying mutations affecting excision-repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers exhibited normal repair of premutational lesions (as detected by decreased mutation yield resulting from post-treatment DNA synthesis delay) and normal nonreplicative mutation fixation . This indicated that neither of these phenomena are caused by the smae repair mechanism that removes UV-induced pyrimidine dimers from the DNA . The recombination-deficient mutant recI is apparently deficient in the replication-dependent mode of NC-induced mutation fixation . This conclusion is based on the following results: (I) NC-induced mutagenesis is lower in the recI strain than in rec+ cells . (2) Repair of premutational lesions (which depends on the existence of replication-dependent mutation fixation for its detection) was not detected in the recI strain . (3) When nonreplicative mutation fixation and final mutation frequency were measured in the same experiment, about I/4 to I/3 of the final mutation yield could be accounted for by nonreplicative mutation fixation in the rec+ strain, whereas all of the mutation could be accounted for in the recI strain by the nonreplicative mutation fixation . (4) When mutation fixation in strain dna9 recI was followed at the permissive (36 degrees) and nonpermissive (41 degrees) temperatures, it became apparent that in the recI strain replication-dependent mutation fixation occurs at early times, but these newly fixed mutations are unstable and disappear at later times, leaving only the mutations fixed by the nonreplicative process . The recI strain exhibits normal repair of NC-induced single-strand breaks or alkali-labile bonds in the DNA labeled before treatment, but is slow in joining discontinuties present in DNA synthesized after treatment . The results are consistent with the idea that in NC-treated H . influenzae cells the replication-dependent mode of mutation fixation occurs by error-prone joining of interruptions present in the DNA synthesized after treatment . The possibility still exists, however, that during DNA replication mispairing occurs opposite certain alkylation-induced lesions and that mutations arising during replication of strain recI later disappear as a result of degradation of newly synthesized DNA, which is excessive in this strain. J Med Microbiol, 1975 Feb, 8(1), 89 - 96 The agglutination reactions of Haemophilus paraphrophilus and H . paraphrohaemolyticus, and some observations on the agglutination of H . Aphrophilus and H . haemoglobinophilus (H . canis); Frazer J et al.; Agglutination tests were used to study the surface antigens of two recently described species of the genus Haemophilus, H . paraphrophilus and H . paraphrohaemolyticus, and their antigenic relationship to other members of the genus . The results obtained with a few strains of H . haemoglobinophilus and H . aphrophilus are also reported . The species H . paraphrophilus appears to be homogeneous; no major cross-reactions were observed . The species H . paraphrohaemolyticus contains at least three serotypes, of which two have been defined in terms of agglutination reactions . Cross-agglutinations occurred between one strain of H . paraphrohaemolyticus and strains of the other V-dependent species, H . parainfluenzae and H . parahaemolyticus . Of the X-dependent species, H . haemoglobinophilus seems to be homogeneous, and the species H . aphrophilus is not . A non-specific antibody against horse blood in the medium occurred erratically and was present in only two antisera, those raised to H . aphrophilus strain Khairat and H . haemoglobinophilus strain no . NCTC8540. Zentralbl Gynakol, 1975, 97(6), 365 - 7 {Role of haemophillus vaginalis in the pathogenesis of urogenital diseases}; Selikov AC et al.; The opinion is stated, that haemophilus vaginalis is a potentially pathogenic organism found exclusively in persons with sexual intercourse, and therefore requires control tests and stimultaneous treatment of the male partner as well . Further studies regarding its role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the genito-urinary tract are necessary. J Clin Microbiol, 1975 Jan, 1(1), 79 - 81 Evaluation of blood culture media supplemented with sucrose or with cysteine; Washington JA 2nd et al.; A total of 5,883 blood samples from patients with suspected bacteremia were inoculated concurrently into each of three media under vacuum with CO2: tryptic soy broth (TSB) with sodium polyanetholesulfonate (SPS), TSB with SPS and cysteine, and TSB with SPS and sucrose . There were 395 positive cultures, excluding presumed contaminants . No significant differences were noted with the addition of cysteine to TSB with SPS, and no streptococcal mutants requiring thiol groups were isolated . Haemophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, and bacteriodaceae were isolated more frequently (P less than 0.05) in the absence of sucrose . The addition of sucrose to TSB containing SPS did not significantly increase the rate of positivity or the time interval to detection of positivity of any group of bacteria. Chemotherapy, 1975, 21 Suppl 1, 19 - 26 Doxycycline concentrations in lung tissue, bronchial wall, and bronchial secretions; Gartmann J; Doxycycline levels were measured in 44 patients undergoing lung surgery; 44 determinations were made on serum, 37 on resected lung tissue, 11 on bronchial wall, and 8 on bronchial secretions . The concentrations in lung tissue were, with few exceptions, higher than the serum concentrations, while those in homogenized bronchial wall specimens were slightly lower than the serum readings . All these concentrations were on average considerably higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations for the pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae . The comparatively low bronchial secretion concentrations were accounted for by the surgical circumstances . All patients had been intensively trated pre-operatively, and showed no florid mucosal inflammation at the time of the operation: as inflammation subsides, so the antibiotic concentration in the bronchial secretion declines rapidly . The lung and bronchial wall tissue levels indicate that doxycycline has great promise in the treatment of pulmonary and bronchial disorders. Scand J Infect Dis, 1975, 7(2), 103 - 11 Acute epiglottitis; a clinical, bacteriological and serological study; Branefors-Helander P et al.; 25 patients, 15 children and 10 adults, with the clinical diagnosis of acute epiglottitis were studied . Patients severely ill on admission, 13 children and 1 adult, were immediately treated with tracheotomy and antibiotics; the remaining patients with antibiotics only . Haemophilus influenzae type b was the causative organism in all children and in 3 adults . One adult had a Diplococcus pneumoniae infection . No pathogens were isolated from the 6 remaining patients . Four of the children developed H . influenzae type b meningitis . All patients recovered . Anti-b antibodies were not demonstrable in any initial serum sample while agglutinating anti-b antibodies were found in subsequent samples (indirect hemagglutination) . All patients with a type b infection had already initially precipitating anti-O antibodies against their own strain, and in most cases complement-fixing anti-O antibodies (mixed H . influenzae O antigen) with rising titers in subsequent serum samples . A possible connection between the presence of anti-O antibodies initially and the development of the acute epiglottitis is discussed. Am J Clin Pathol, 1975 Jan, 63(1), 131 - 4 Cardiobacterium homonis endocarditis . Characterization of the unusual organisms and review of the literature; Weiner M et al.; A case of subacute bacterial endocarditis in which Cardiobacterium hominis was isolated from the blood of a 55-year old woman who had rheumatic heart disease is reported . A survey of the literature revealed very few reports in which this organism has been implicated in human lesions . The colonies grew after 48 hours of incubation in a candle jar . They were small, convex, nonhemolytic, and oxidase-positive . The indole reaction was positive, the catalase and nitrate reactions were negative, and acid reaction was obtained from the following carbohydrates: glucose, maltose, mannitol, sucrose, and sorbitol . The morphologic and biochemical properties served to distinguish these organisms from similar bacteria implicated in human disease, such as Haemophilus aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Streptobacillus moniliformis, and HB-1. Ann Chir Gynaecol Fenn, 1975, 64(5), 317 - 9 Haemophilus influenzae as a cause of salpingitis; Herva E et al.; A case is reported of acute unilateral salpingitis, the cause of which was Haemophilus influenzae cultured from a pus sample taken from the infected Fallopian tube during laparotomy . The significance of the findings is discussed with reference to the literature. Acta Microbiol Pol A, 1975, 8(3), 119 - 30 Host specificity of DNA in haemophilus influenzae: The physiological and genetical bases of instability of restriction and modification of DNA in strain Rd; Piekarowicz A et al.; Further investigations of the instability of restriction and modification properties of H . influenzae Rd strain were carried out . It has been shown that the instable properties of hsd Hind1 system are maintained even after transfer of this system to another H . influenzae strain . The expression of hsd Hind1 system is very sensitive to various physiological changes which do not influence the other hsd systems present in the same Rd strain . The instability of hsd Hind1 system is postulated to be connected with some regulator gene(s). Acta Microbiol Pol A, 1975, 7(2), 51 - 65 Host specificity of DNA in Haemophilus influenzae: the in vivo action of the restriction endonucleases on phage and bacterial DNA; Piekarowicz A et al.; In Haemophilus influenzae strains only the type 1 of the restriction endonucleases have an in vivo effect on phage and bacterial transforming DNA . The type 2 of restriction endonucleases which act very efficiently in vitro are completely inactive in vivo . The reasons for this inactivity is unknown. Am J Dis Child, 1975 Jan, 129(1), 57 - 62 Neonatal Haemophilus influenzae infection . Report of eight cases and review of the literature; Khuri-Bulos N et al.; Eight cases of neonatal Haemophilus influenzae infection occurred at Colorado General Hospital during a 3 1/2-year period . Four of the cases were due to nontypable organisms and four to type b organisms . Four were bacteremic, only two of which were type b . None of the patients had meningitis . In all instances, maternal genital tract cultures yielded H infleuzae that, when tested, was of the same serotype as the infant isolate . A survey of cervical cultures among normal and pregnant women yielded H influenzae in less than 1% . There are several possible reasons for the disparity between the apparent high incidence of neonatal infection and low prevalence of maternal carriage. Scott Med J, 1975 Jan, 20(1), 19 - 21 Meningitis due to an unusual type of Haemophilus influenzae; Bone FJ; An infant was admitted to hospital with suspected meningitis . Haemophilus influenzae type 'a' was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) and blood . Haemophilus meningitis due to types other than type 'b' is rare, and only a few due to type 'a' have so far been recorded . Investigations of the family are included together with a discussion of the implications for the diagnostic bacteriologist. Scand J Infect Dis, 1975, 7(3), 209 - 17 Erythromycin stearate in acute maxillary sinusitis; Kalm O et al.; 76 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis were treated with oral erythromycin stearate (500 mg twice or 3 times a day for 10 days) . The mean concentration of erythromycin in the sinus secretion after 3-5 days' treatment was 0.6 mug/ml with the lower dosage and 1.3 mug/ml with the higher . The concentration of erythromycin in the sinus secretion was, on the average, 10-20 times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for group A streptococci and pneumococci, and reached MIC values for 15-30% of 100 examined strains of Haemophilus influenzae . 81% of the patients given the smaller and 94% of those given the larger dose improved or recovered . Radiological improvement was demonstrated in both groups . The infections with H . influenzae tended to respond somewhat less to the treatment than those with pneumococci . Comparisons of the roentgen findings and the findings at aspiration showed good agreement . An extra projection taken with the patient recumbent and the affected side downwards gave no information above that obtained from the routine projections . The large dose caused side effects more often (in 17/41 patients) than the smaller one (4/35 patients) . In 10 patients treatment was discontinued because of side effects; 8 of them had received the larger dose. Chemotherapy, 1975, 21 Suppl 1, 116 - 20 Activity of doxycycline against respiratory pathogens; Butzler JP; 149 patients were admitted from the Brussels area to the multi-centre Pan European trial of doxycycline in respiratory tract infections . Of these, 40 satisfied the strict criteria for detailed bacteriological study with positive culture of a known pathogen before treatment and bacteriological follow-up after treatment . The pathogens were beta-haemolytic streptococcus, group A (29 cases), pneumococcus (6 cases) and Haemophilus influenzae (6 cases); in one case, the pneumococcus and H . influenzae were present together . The results of doxycycline therapy were excellent, this included both its in vivo and in vitro activity; only one strain of pneumococcus proved resistant. J Clin Microbiol, 1975 Jan, 1(1), 89 - 95 New satellitism test for isolation and identification of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in sputum; Evans NM et al.; A new satellitism test designed to facilitate the isolation and identification of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae is described . In the basal medium, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is incorporated at a concentration of 0.2 mug per ml, an amount adequate for H . influenzae but not for H . parainfluenzae . Two disks are placed on the surface of the medium, one disk being impregnated with 60 mug of hemin and the other with 15 mug of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide . Under these conditions, H . influenzae strains grow around the hemin disk only and the majority of H . parainfluenzae grow around the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disk . This procedure gives results which are more clear cut than other established methods, especially in sputum culture. J Virol, 1975 Jan, 15(1), 191 - 8 Studies of polyoma virus DNA: cleavage map of the polyoma virus genome; Chen MC et al.; A small-plaque polyoma virus, MPC-1, was isolated from a mouse plasmacytoma . The DNA of this polyoma virus was cleaved with a restriction enzyme from Haemophilus influenzae (Hin d), and the molecular weights of the limit products were analyzed by electrophoresis and electron microscopy . The fragments produced by this enzyme have been ordered by analysis of partial digest products . A physical map of the polyoma virus genome was then constructed. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1975 Jan, 111(1), 27 - 36 The Tecumseh study of respiratory illness . VIII . Acute infection in chronic respiratory disease and comparison groups; Monto AS et al.; Individuals with chronic lung disease and their families were selected from the Tecumsch community along with similarly selected families as comparison groups and studied for 1-year periods . Occurence of acute respiratory illness was ascertained weekly by telephone and calculated as an annual rate . Persons with chronic bronchitis not only experienced more acute lower respiratory illness than healthy comparison subjects, but total illness rates were somewhat higher as well . Infection rates were determined from blood samples taken 3 times from each participant during the surveillance year . Antibody tests were performed for respiratory syncytial virus, para-influenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, influenza types A and B, coronavirus OC43, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae . Differences in serologic infection rates among the subgroups of the population were similar to those seen in the clinical data, with more frequent infection among those with bronchitis than among the comparison subjects . This finding indicates that some degree of increased susceptibility to actual infection existed among those individuals with bronchitis . Influence of smoking on illness and infection rates was also examined . Infections were, in general, more frequent in smokers than in nonsmokers, but illness rates were reversed, suggesting that perception of disease differed in the 2 groups . Rates of illness and infection of other adults in the families of the index individuals with bronchitis were not influenced by the higher rates seen in the index individuals; however, it was of interest that children of persons with bronchitis did have somewhat higher rates of infection than children of comparison subjects. J Am Osteopath Assoc, 1974 Sep, 74(1), 62 - 4 Removal of an unusual foreign body from the peritoneal cavity via laparoscopy: report of a case; Fogarty JA Jr; PIP: This is a case report of a patient who, while undergoing laparoscopic salpingectomy, also had removed from the peritoneal cavity the distal half of a Foley catheter left from an induced abortion 6 years previously . Lower abdominal discomfort had been complained of for several years . A Haemophilus vaginalis infection responded to tetracline therapy . At the time of laparoscopy no abnormal signs or symptoms were noted . On viewing the pelvic viscera through the laparoscope the distal half of the catheter was seen, grasped, and removed through the laparoscope . The patient later admitted having had an induced abortion . Since the removal of the foreign body the abdominal discomfort has subsided . J Reprod Med, 1974 Mar, 12(3), 99 - 107 Vaginal flora and sperm survival; Leppaluoto P; PIP: A study was undertaken to clarify the concept of coitus-induced change in vaginal flora . Instead, evidence was found on the relation between vaginal flora and sperm survival . The presence of spermatozoa was recorded in 300 Pap smears of menstruant women taken within 7 days of, and in the same menstrual cycle as, coitus, in which no contraception had been used and the ejaculate had been deposited into the vagina . The smears were selected to show either a vaginal Doderlein or Haemophilus type flora but no trichomonads or malignancy . Spermatozoa were found in 46% of the smears . They occurred 59% of the smears showing Haemophilus flora as compared to 32% of those showing Doderlein flora . Spermatozoa were found equally often in smears of Haemophilus flora showing and not showing "clue cells" of Haemophilus vaginalis, as well as in those of Doderlein flora showing and not showing cytolysis . The day of the menstrual cycle on which coitus took place had no effect on the incidence of recovery of spermatozoa . Specimens taken less than 2 days after coitus, on Days 3 and 4, and on Days 5-7 after coitus revealed spermatozoa in 42%, 28% and 9% of the smears showing Doderlein flora and in 74%, 45%, and 12% of those showing Haemophilus flora . It is concluded that in menstruant women, spermatozoa survive longer in the lower genital tract showing Haemophilus type vaginal flora than in 1 showing a Doderlein type vaginal flora . This difference in sperm survival might be associated with phenomena in human reproduction . The results were considered, as a whole, to support the idea of vaginal Haemophilus flora as a physiological postcoital condition in sexually active menstruant women . J Reprod Med, 1972 Jul, 9(1), 1 - 16 Management of patients with vaginal infections . An invitational symposium; Phospholipid metabolism during bacterial growth; Haemophilus parainfluenzae incorporates glycerol and phosphate into the membrane phospholipids without lag during logarithmic growth . In phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), the phosphate and unacylated glycerol moieties turn over and incorporate radioactivity much more rapidly than does the diacylated glycerol . At least half the radioactivity is lost from the phosphate and unacylated glycerol in about 1 doubling . The total fatty acids turn over slightly faster than the diacyl glycerol . In phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), which is the major lipid of the bacterium, ethanolamine and phosphate turn over and incorporate radioactivity at least half as fast as the phosphate in PG . The glycerol of PE did not turn over in 4 bacterial doublings . In phosphatidic acid the glycerol turns over at one-third the rate of phosphate turnover . By means of a modified method for the quantitative recovery of 1,3-glycerol diphosphate from cardiolipin, the phosphates and middle glycerol of cardiolipin were shown to turn over more rapidly than the acylated glycerols during bacterial growth . There is no randomization of the radioactivity in the 1- and 3-positions of the glycerol in the course of 1 doubling . The fatty acids of PG turn over faster than those in PE . In both lipids the 2-fatty acids turn over much faster than the 1-fatty acids . At both positions the individual fatty acids have their own rates of turnover . The distribution of fatty acids between the 1- and 2-positions is the same as in other organisms, with more monoenoic and long-chain fatty acids at the 2-position . The different rates of turnover and incorporation of radioactivity into different parts of the lipids suggest that exchange reactions may be important to phospholipid metabolism.
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