|
|
|
|
|
| J Bacteriol, 1975 Jun, 122(3), 1091 - 102 Single-strand regions in the deoxyribonucleic acid of competent Haemophilus influenzae; LeClerc JE et al.; The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of competent wild-type Haemophilus influenzae and rec1 mutant cells contains single-strand regions, as judged by alkaline sucrose sedimentation, benzoylated naphthoylated diethylaminoethyl-cellulose fractionation, and digestion with an enzyme specific for single-strand regions in DNA . In contrast, the DNA of competent rec2 cells does not contain single-strand regions . Since transforming DNA does not associate with recipient DNA in the rec2 mutant as it does in wild type and rec1, it is concluded that the single-strand regions in the DNA of the competent cells are important for an early step in recombination between cell DNA and transforming DNA. J Bacteriol, 1975 Jun, 122(3), 1038 - 44 Fate of transforming bacteriophage HP1 deoxyribonucleic acid in Haemophilus influenzae lysogens; Stuy JH; The biological fate of temperate phage HP1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was followed after uptake by defectively lysogenic competent Haemophilus influenzae cultures . The similar inactivation kinetics of three single phage genetic markers and of their triple combination indicated a complete rather than partial destruction of about half of the adsorbed DNA molecules . Intracellular DNA breakdown products were tentatively identified by hydroxyapatite column chromatography as short single strands and extensively damaged short double strands . Integrated donor DNA (after single-strand insertion?) was still highly efficient for triple-marker co-transformation . This suggests that whole or nearly whole donor DNA molecules were integrated . Some donor DNA was never integrated but remained largely unaltered . This DNA fraction did not contain significant amounts of recipient prophage marker activity . It is concluded that it had not participated in some kind of reciprocal recombination event involving the recipient chromosome . Since very similar phage DNA marker inactivation rates were observed after adsorption by competent nonlysogenic recipients (transfection), the relationship between biological inactivation of adsorbed donor phage DNA and its integration in lysogenic recipients is not clear. Clin Allergy, 1975 Jun, 5(2), 225 - 32 Biphasic reaction after inhalation of Haemophilus influenzae in patients with chronic nonspecific lung disease; van der Zwan JC et al.; In patients with chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD), who had precipitins against Haemophilus influenzae (HI), a biphasic bronchial obstructive reaction is described after inhalation of killed HI bacteria . There was an early obstructive reaction, occurring immediately after the inhalation and lasting for 1 hr, followed by a late reaction, which started 5-6 hr after the inhalation and lasted for about 8 hr . The late reaction was accompanied by fever, malaise and leucocytosis . The difference in reaction after HI inhalation in five patients and two controls, and the effect of protection with sodium cromoglycate and prednisolone are discussed. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1975 May 23, 391(1), 109 - 20 A rapid purification method of restriction endonucleases from Haemophilus strains; Kopecka H; A simple and rapid method of purification of restriction endonucleases from different Haemophilus strains is presented . By this method highly purified and stable enzymes can be obtained . Separation of different restriction activities present in the same strain is possible . This method was so far successfully used with Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Haemophilus aegyptius strains . The main advantages over previously published procedures reside in the simplication of certain purification steps (for instance the BioGel A 0.5 M filtration is replaced by a hydroxyapatite batch step), elimination of exonuclease activity by fractionation with (NH4) 2SO4, separation of different restriction activities by phosphocellulose chromatography, application of this method to various strains and high purification degree of enzymes. N Engl J Med, 1975 May 22, 292(21), 1093 - 6 Induction of serum Haemophilus influenzae type B capsular antibodies in adult volunteers fed cross-reacting Escherichia coli 075:K100:H5; Schneerson R et al.; Serum Haemophilus influenzae Type b (HITB) anticapsular antibodies were induced in adult volunteers by feeding of either of two strains of a cross-reacting Escherichia coli 075:K100:H5 . In all the fed volunteers colonization for a finite period lasting up to eight weeks occurred, without adventitious reactions . Nine of 14 normal volunteers and one of two volunteers previously immunized with the Type 6 H.influenzae polysaccharide responded with a greater than twofold increase in serum Type 6H . influenzae antibodies . These antibodies induced by Esch . coli were specific for the capsular polysaccharide and had bactericidal activity . The safety of this procedure, the comparable results in laboratory animals and the identification of other cross-reacting strains of Esch . coli with meningococcal and pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides suggest that colonization with these nonpathogenic organisms at birth may provide a general method of preventive immunization to diseases caused by encapsulated bacteria. Infect Immun, 1975 May, 11(5), 1045 - 52 Heteroimmunization to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b induced by enteric cross-reacting bacteria; Handzel ZT et al.; Cross-reacting Escherichia coli strains Easter and 89 and Bacillus pumilis fed to newborn rabbits and E . coli fed to adult rhesus monkeys did not exert untoward reactions . The E . coli regularly colonized the newborns' intestinal tract from 1 to 7 weeks . High doses of E . coli were necessary to colonize adult primates . Colonization occurred in fewer newborn rabbits and lasted only 1 to 3 weeks with B . pumilis . Colonized newborn rabbits and adult rhesus had an active Haemophilus influenzae type b (HITB) immune response . In the rabbit, colonization resulted in accelerated induction of immunoglobulin (Ig) M- . IgA-, and IgG-producing cells in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches after HITB challenge . E . coli-fed and control newborn primates were naturally colonized with nasopharyngeal and enteric cross-reacting bacteria and both groups rapidly developed HITB antibodies in the absence of the homologous organisms . Human newborn stool cultures, taken at the time of discharge from the nursery, showed a 0.9% carriage rate for cross-reacting E . coli . These "carrier" infants acquired HITB antibodies more rapidly than their age-matched "noncarrier" controls. Eur J Biochem, 1975 May 6, 53(2), 559 - 67 Studies on bacteriophage M13 DNA . 2 . The gene order of the M13 genome; Van Den Hondel CA et al.; The double-stranded replicative form DNA of bacteriophage M13 was cleaved into 13 specific fragments by the restriction endonuclease from Haemophilus aphirophilus . The individual DNA fragments from wild-type replicative form molecules were then annealed to circular, single-stranded DNAs of phage M13, bearing amber mutations as genetic markers . When such DNA hybrids infected competent Escherichia coli cells, only those duplexes which were genetically heterozygous gave rise to wild-type phages in the progeny . In this way, the genetic markers carried on the individual DNA fragments could be determined . In addition, marker rescue in each gene was obtained with the 10 specific fragments of M13 replicative form DNA, produced by cleavage with the restriction endonuclease from Haemophilus aegyptius . From these results and the enzyme cleavage maps of both types of restriction fragments a distribution of genetic markers along the physical map could be obtained, which allowed an arrangement of M13 genes into a genetic map . Evidence is presented that the gene order of M13 is: IV-(I,VI)-III-VIII-VII-V-II with II and IV being contiguous on the circular map. Eur J Biochem, 1975 May 6, 53(2), 547 - 58 Studies on bacteriophage M13 DNA . 1 . A cleavage map of the M13 genome; Van Den Hondel CA et al.; A physical map of the bacteriophage M13 genome has been constructed on the basis of specific cleavage of M13 replicative form DNA by bacterial restriction endonucleases . The 13 fragments produced by the enzyme from Haemophilus aphirophilus (endonuclease R.Hap II) as well as the 10 fragments produced by the enzyme from Haemophilus aegyptius (endonuclease R.Hae III) have been ordered by analysis of partial digest products and by analysis of overlapping sets of fragments . In addition, the single site in M13 replicative form DNA cleaved by the restriction enzyme from Haemophilus influenzae Rd (endonuclease R.Hin dII) has been located more precisely . With this unique site as a reference point, the H . aphirophilus cleavage sites and the H . aegyptius cleavage sites have been localized on the map. Pediatr Res, 1975 May, 9(5), 513 - 6 Use of antiserum agar for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b in the pharynx; Michaels RH et al.; An antiserum agar medium was found to provide a rapid, sensitive, and highly specific method for pharyngeal culture and quantitation of HIB. Aust N Z J Surg, 1975 May, 45(2), 178 - 82 The management of septic arthritis in childhood; Cole WG et al.; A prospective study of one hundred children with septic arthritis showed that the knee and hip were the joints most affected and that Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae Type B were the commonest bacteria grown . Our treatment, consisting of early arthrotomy and intravenous methicillin and ampicillin, followed by six weeks of joint immobilization and oral administration of cloxacillin and ampicillin, effectively reversed the inflammatory process and compared very favourably with other methods of treatment . Significant residual joint abnormalities, present in 7% of the children, resulted from severe joint damage occurring before treatment . To achieve the best results, this regime must be instituted before permanent joint damage has occurred . This will only be achieved if an early clinical diagnosis of septic arthritis is made. J Med Microbiol, 1975 May, 8(2), 369 - 73 Induction of L-forms of Haemophilus influenzae in vitro; Want SV et al.; The induction of L-forms of Haemophilus influenzae by penicillin, amoxycillin and glycine has been studies in vitro on a nutrient-agar medium . The minimal inducing concentrations of the antibiotics were generally the same as their minimal inhibitory concentrations, but the addition of a sub-inducing concentration of glycine lowered the minimal inducing concentration of penicillin . Preliminary observations have shown that L-forms are induced by penicillin or amoxycillin on a medium in which mucoid sputum forms the sole source of nutrients, and that they remain viable for at least 48 h in the absence of added osmotic stabiliser . The minimal inducing concentration on "sputum agar" is within the range of concentrations measured in sputum from patients receiving amoxycillin therapy . The implications of these observations in relation to bactericidal therapy of haemophilus infections of the respiratory tract are discussed. Am J Dis Child, 1975 May, 129(5), 607 - 11 Severe Haemophilus influenzae infections; Todd JK et al.; From May 1973 thorugh April 1974, a total of 83 children with severe Haemophilus influenzae infections were treated in three Denver pediatric hospitals . Although meningitis was the most common clinical manifestation (45 cases), other foci of infection were also noted (pneumonia, 12 cases; cheek cellulitis, eight cases; epiglottitis, eight cases; empyema, seven cases; pericarditis, three cases; arthritis, one case; periorbital cellulitis, one case; and abscess, one case) . Nine children had positive blood cultures with H influenzae without an initial detectable focus of infection . Two patients developed clinically apparent sites of infection (osteomyelitis and scalp abscesses). Zentralbl Bakteriol {Orig A}, 1975 May, 231(4), 466 - 70 {Nitrofurantoin-test for the differentiation of bordetella bronchiseptica (author's transl)}; Fuzi M; Bordetella bronchiseptica is primarily resistant against nitrofurantoin (MIC greater than 200 mug/ml), and this feature can be used for the differentiation of the organism from other gram-negative coccobacteria . Nitrofurantoin paper disks (300 mug) failed to affect the growth of 150 strains of B . bronchiseptica isolated from different animal hosts, but they produced marked inhibition zones in the cultures of the followingspecies: Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella pneumotropica, Pasteurella haemolytica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Francisella tularensis, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis and Brucella neotomae. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1975 May 1, 390(2), 168 - 81 Studies on deoxyribonucleases from Haemophilus influenzae on DNA agarose affinity chromatography . Two-step purification of ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease; Greth ML et al.; In a first part of this report, purification and characterization of several nucleased from lysates of Haemophilus influenzae are described . The enzymes bind to DNA with agarose columns and are removed by elution with phosphate buffer . Among the considered enzymes, the exonucleases 1 and 3, and endonuclease, a DNA polymerase and a restriction enzyme were recovered mixed by raising the phosphate concentration from 0.1 to 0.3 M, while the ATP-dependent DNAase recovered well purified, by raising the phosphate concentration to 0.45 M . After a rechromatography, on a second DNA with agarose column, of the peak of the ATP-dependent DNAase, the specific activity tested with 3H-labeled DNA was 125 units/mg of protein, representing a 300-fold purification of the original crude extract . In a second part, we have investigated the inactivation, at various pH, of transforming DNA of Haemophilus influenzae wild strain Rd with the different eluted fractions of the column, in order to determine the importance of contamination with other enzymatic activities, and also in order to confirm the nature of theisolated enzymes with a biological method . Finally, with enzymatic extracts of mutant strain Rd com minus 56, a strain which integrates shorter than normal pieces of DNA and which is suspected to possess and "activated specific endonuclease" able to recognize even small conformational modifications in paired structures, we tried to detect this activity on artificially constructed heteroduplex regions in DNA. J Bacteriol, 1975 May, 122(2), 443 - 53 Isolation and characterization of mutants of Haemophilus influenzae deficient in an adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent deoxyribonuclease activity; Wilcox KW et al.; By a direct assay approach, mutants of Haemophilus influenzae Rd that are deficient in adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent deoxyribonuclease activity (add-) were isolated and characterized . A large proportion (50 to 90%) of the cells in cultures of these mutants failed to produce visible colonies when plated . An extensive analysis of the recombination proficiency of these strains revealed that the transformation frequency (transformants per competent cell) in the mutants was similar to that found in the wild type, but that the transformation efficiency (transformants per microgram of irreversibly bound deoxyribonucleic acid {DNA}) was reduced approximately fourfold . Sensitivities of the mutants to gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation, and methyl methane sulfonate were only slightly greater than wild-type levels . The rate of degradation of host DNA after ultraviolet irradiation was significantly reduced in the mutants . It is suggested that the adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent deoxyribonuclease in H . influenzae plays a nonessential role in DNA recombination and repair. JAMA, 1975 Apr 28, 232(4), 363 - 5 Measles pneumonia . Bacterial suprainfection as a complicating factor; Olson RW et al.; During a 3 1/2-month period, 32 previously healthy young men were first seen typical prodromal symptoms and signs of measles . On admission or within 48 hours of admission, 16 patients (50%) manifested physical signs and roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia . Of these 16 patients, ten (63%) were found to have bacterial suprainfection or colonization confirmed by culture of transtracheal aspirates . From six of these ten patients, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y was isolated as the sole organism responsible for suprainfection . In the other patients, Haemophilus species, Neisseria species (not N gonorrheae or N meningitidis), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (not group A or D were isolated alone or in combination . The data suggest that bacterial supra-infection associated with measles pneumonia is not unusual in adults and N meningitidis serogroup Y is a potential pathogen of the lower respiratory tract. Avian Dis, 1975 Apr-Jun, 19(2), 318 - 22 A growth medium for the production of a bacterin for immunization against infectious coryza; Rimler RB et al.; A serum-free modified Casman broth medium was developed to grow Haemophilus gallinarum to titers of 10-8 organisms per ml . Formalin-inactivated bacterins prepared form the broth culture were used to immunize chickens . A single dose of bacterin containing adjuvant protected 6 of 7 chickens against a homologous challenge 4 weeks postvaccination . A second dose given 3 weeks after the first offered no better protection than a single dose. Am J Vet Res, 1975 Apr, 36(4 Pt 2), 579 - 82 Protective quality of an aluminum hydroxide-absorbed broth bacterin against infectious coryza; Matsumoto M et al.; Various aspects of immunity induced by a merthiolate-inactivated, aluminum hydroxide-absorbed chicken meat infusion (CMI) broth bacterin prepared from Haemophilus gallinarium were studied . A bacterin dose of 10-8 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml was the minimal dose which protected a significant number of chickens against intrasinus challenge with live organisms . This finding simplifies production procedures because yields of 10-8 CFU/ml of CMI broth are routinely obtained . A significant number of chickens vaccinated with the bacterin were immune to intrasinus challenge through 9 months postvaccination . On a comparative basis, an egg-yolk bacterin prepared from the same strain protected for only 3 months . Birds vaccinated with broth bacterins prepared from 2 strains of H gallinarum (17756 and M) which shared common surface antigens were immune to intrasinus inoculation with the homologous but not to the heterologous organisms . Preliminary data indicated that the broth bacterin prevented a sharp decrease in egg production when the immunity of vaccinated birds was challenged (instrasinus) at the height of egg production. Ann Microbiol (Paris), 1975 Apr, 126(3), 397 - 9 A transferable kanamycin resistance plasmid isolated from Haemophilus influenzae; Van AD et al.; Kanamycin resistance was transferred by conjugation from a Haemophilus influenzae strain into Escherichia coli K12, and between E . coli K12 strains in subsequent transfers . Covalently closed molecules of DNA were isolated by sedimentation analysis of the DNA of the resistant E . coli K12 strains . These facts support the hypothesis that kanamycin resistance is mediated by a transferable plasmid in this strain of H . influenzae. Jpn J Antibiot, 1975 Apr, 28(2), 149 - 54 {Clinical experiences of lividomycin on respiratory tract infections (author's transl)}; Kondo H et al.; Clinical effects of a newly developed aminoglycoside antibiotic lividomycin, were investigated in 13 patients suffering from respiratory infections . 1 . A total of 13 patients with the following infectious diseases was treated with 1 g/day of lividomycin for 3 to 11 days (average 6.7 days): Acute pneumonia 3 cases, bronchiectasis 3 cases, acute bronchitis 5 cases, suppurative diseases of the lung 1 case, and pyothorax 1 case . As the results, the antibiotic was effective in 5 patients, moderately effective in 4 patients and ineffective in 4 patients, and thus the global effective rate was 62.9% (9/13) . 2 . As in the case of kanamycin, lividomycin indicated fairly good sensitivity against a total of 17 strains comprising Staphylococcus aureus (7 strains), alpha-Streptococcus (2 strains), beta-Streptococcus (3 strains), gamma-Streptococcus (1 strain), Neisseria (2 strains) and Haemophilus (2 strains) which were isolated from sputum . 3 . No side effects attributable to lividomycin were observed. J Clin Pathol, 1975 Apr, 28(4), 279 - 83 Agglutinin response to bacterial infection in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis; Nicholls AC et al.; Agglutinin titres to Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris in the serum of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, patients producing mucoid sputum, and healthy controls were determined . Serological evidence of infection with H . influenzae was found in 38 of 57 patients with acute exacerbations, and Str . pneumoniae infection in 10 of the 57 patients, but was generally absent from healthy control subjects and from patiens producing mucoid sputum . No serological evidence of infection with other organisms named above was found to be associated with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis . Ten patients with acute exacerbations were without serological evidence of infection by any of the bacteria tested. J Virol, 1975 Apr, 15(4), 946 - 53 Physical map of polyoma viral DNA fragments produced by cleavage with a restriction enzyme from Haemophilus aegyptius, endonuclease R-HaeIII; Summers J; Digestion of polyoma viral DNA with a restriction enzyme from Haemophilus aegyptius generates at least 22 unique fragments . The fragments have been characterized with respect to size and physical order on the polyoma genome, and the 5' to 3' orientation of the (+) and (-) strands has been determined . A method for specific radiolabeling of adjacent fragments was employed to establish the fragment order . This technique may be useful for ordering the fragments produced by digestion of complex DNAs. Lancet, 1975 Mar 29, 1(7909), 716 - 9 Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type B possessing a TEM-type beta-lactamase but little permeability barrier to ampicillin; Medeiros AA et al.; Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type B have been reported only during the past year . Five clinical isolates from the U.S . and Germany all had the TEM-type beta-lactamase which is known to be transferred widely among other gram-negative bacilli . Unlike those bacilli, however, the H . influenzae cell had very little barrier to entry of penicillins . This greater permeability of the H . influenzae cell to penicillins appeared to reduce the protective effect of its beta-lactamase, in that acquisition of the TEM-type beta-lactamase increased levels of resistance to penicillins much less for individual cells of H . influenzae than for those of Escherichia coli . Large inocula of either species appeared highly resistant . The unusually low level of resistance of individual cells of H . influenzae containing the TEM-type beta-lactamase may have delayed their emergence or recognition, and has unresolved clinical implications. N Z Med J, 1975 Mar 26, 81(536), 292 - 4 In vitro resistance of haemophilus influenzae to co-trimoxazole and trimethoprim; Cornere BM et al.; Over a period of five months Haemophilus influenzae isolated from 123 patients were tested for resistance to co-trimoxazole and trimethoprim by the disc method of sensitivity testing and isolates from four patients were found to be resistant . However, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of trimethoprim lactate were estimated for the isolates from these four patients only one was found to be resistant . This H . influenzae strain was from one of the two patients in the survey who had a history of repeated courses of co-trimoxazole therapy . The discrepancy between the results of the disc sensitivity tests and the minimum inhibitory concentration estimations of the resistance of H . influenzae to co-trimoxazole and trimethoprim . The appearance of co-trimoxazole and trimethoprim resistance in H . influenzae isolated from a patient who has had prolonged treatment with co-trimoxazole is in agreement with the findings of other authors.
|
© 2005
Transgalactic Ltd (manufacturer of Bioscreen C software) |
Privacy Statement | P.O. Box
1393, 00101 Helsinki, Finland,
Last modified: May 25, 2005
| ||||||
