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Tuberculosis is an infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system (meningitis), lymphatic system, circulatory system (miliary TB), genitourinary system, bones and joints. Other names for the disease are TB, consumption (TB seemed to consume people from within with its symptoms of bloody cough, fever, pallor, and long relentless wasting), wasting disease, White Plague (TB sufferers appeared markedly pale), phthisis (Greek for consumption), and phthisis pulmonalis. Other names are scrofula (swollen neck glands) or King's Evil (so called because it was believed that a king's touch would heal scrofula), Pott's disease of the spine, and miliary TB (x-ray lesions look like millet seeds). Tabes mesenterica (TB of the abdomen). Lupus vulgaris (the common wolf - TB of the skin). Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a pathogenic bacteria in the genus Mycobacteria. It is often abbreviated MAP, M. paratuberculosis, or M. avium sub. paratuberculosis. MAP causes Johne's disease in cattle and ruminants, and it has long been suspected as a causative agent in Crohn's disease in humans. Recent studies have shown that MAP present in milk can survive pasteurization, which has raised human health concerns due to the widespread nature of MAP in modern dairy herds. MAP is heat resistant and it is capable of sequestering itself inside white blood cells, which may contribute to its persistence in milk. It has also been reported to survive chlorination in municipal water supplies. Even though MAP is hardy, it is slow growing and 'fastidious', which means it is difficult to culture. Many negative studies for MAP presence in living tissue, food, and water have used culture methods to determine whether the bacteria is present. Click on following items to see more information: Alcaligenes, Antibiotic, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Antibacterial, Bacilli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacterium, Bacterial, Phages, Bacteroides, C. botulinum, C. albicans, Cell suspension, Clostridium, Culture media, E. coli, E. coli, E. coli, E. coli, E. coli, Enterobacter, Fermentation, Yeast, Gram positive, Haemophilus, Leuconostoc, Bacterium, Bacterial, Bacterium, Neisseria, Pichia, P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacteremia, S. aureus, Streptococcus, Streptococcus, Thermophilic, Yeast Escherichia coli, better known as E. coli, is one of the most important model organisms and its genetics and biochemistry have been closely studied. Salmonella enterica is a species of Salmonella bacterium. S. enterica has a number of varieties or serovars. Serovar Typhi (sometimes elevated to species status as S. typhi) is the disease agent in typhoid. Other serovars such as Typhimurium (also known as S. typhimurium) can lead to a form of human gastroenteritis sometimes referred to as salmonellosis. Most cases of salmonellosis are caused by food infected with S. enterica, which often infects cattle, though also other animals such as domestic cats. However, investigations of vacuum cleaner bags have shown that households can act as a reservoir of the bacterium; this is more likely if the household has contact with an infection source, for example through members working with cattle or in a veterinary clinic. Bdellovibrio is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate aerobic bacteria. One of the more notable characteristics of this genus is that members parasitize other gram-negative bacteria by entering into their periplasmic space and feeding on the biopolymers, e.g. proteins and nucleic acids, of their hosts. After entering the periplasmic space of its host the Bdellovibrio bacterium forms a structure called bdelloplast, which consists of both predator and prey. The predator cell can remain dormant at this stage, without affecting the viability of the host. In most cases, though, Bdellovibrio moves on and devours its prey.
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