Nucleic Acids Res, 1976 Jul, 3(7), 1747 - 60 Two restriction endonucleases from Bacillus globiggi; Pirrotta V; The sites of action of the restriction enzyme Bgl II on lambda DNA are mapped . This enzyme recognises the sequence 5' ...AGATCT...3' and makes staggered cuts producing sticky ends . In lambda DNA, the second A in this sequence is methylated about 50% of the time by a bacterial methylase absent in E . coli dam . In contrast to Bgl II, Bgl I makes many cuts in lambda DNA and produces 5' terminals which are not substrates for polynucleotide kinase. Carbohydr Res, 1976 Jul, 49, 389 - 98 Preparation and characterization of a dextran-amylase conjugate; Marshall JJ; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase was attached to dextran after activation of the polysaccharide by using a modification of the cyanogen bromide method . The soluble dextran-amylase conjugate was purified by molecular-sieve chromatography . The conjugated enzyme has greater stability than the unmodified enzyme at low pH values, during heat treatment, and on removal of calcium ions with a chelating agent . Attachment of dextran to alpha-amylase did not alter the Michaelis constant of the enzyme acting on starch . The polysaccharide-enzyme conjugate probably consists of a cross-linked aggregate of many dextran and many enzyme molecules, in which a proportion of the enzyme molecules, although not inactivated, are unable to express their activity, except after dextranase treatment. Equine Vet J, 1976 Jul, 8(3), 118 - 22 Four cases of Tyzzer's disease in foals in England; Whitwell KE; A rodent pathogen, Bacillus piliformis, has been recognised as causing a rapidly fatal hepatitis in 4 foals in England . The disease in foals has been recognised in America since 1973 . A clinico-pathological account of the 4 cases is given and the differential diagnosis discussed . The 4 foals' ages fell within a very narrow range (24-34 days) . Some of the properties of this unusual intracellular pathogen are reviewed . For the first time in the equine the bacillus was seen in association with myocardial lesions . There are marked differences in the epidemiology of the disease in the mouse and in the foal, which may result from the very different management practices in the 2 species . It is suggested that the dams of affected foals may be carriers of the disease. J Bacteriol, 1976 Jul, 127(1), 362 - 6 Catabolism of L-tyrosine by the homoprotocatechuate pathway in gram-positive bacteria; Sparnins VL et al.; A metabolic pathway for L-tyrosine catabolism involves 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (homoprotocatechuic acid) as substrate for fission of the benzene nucleus . Cell extracts of an organism tentatively identified as a Micrococcus possessed the enzymes required for degrading homoprotocatechuate to succinate and pyruvate, and stoichiometry was established for several of these reactions . When the required coenzymes were added, cell extracts degraded L-tyrosine to the ring-fission product of homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase and also converted 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid into 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid . This compound, in turn, gave stoichiometric amounts of the ring-fission product of homoprotocatechuate by the action of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent 3-hydroxylase coupled with homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase . Evidence is presented that this route for L-tyrosine catabolism is taken by five other gram-positive strains, including Micrococcus lysodeikticus and a species of Bacillus . Five other gram-positive bacteria from other genera employed the alternative homogentisate pathway. J Bacteriol, 1976 Jul, 127(1), 204 - 10 Pathways of 4-hydroxybenzoate degradation among species of Bacillus; Crawford RL; The pathways used by three bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus to degrade 4-hydroxybenzoate are delineated . When B . brevis strain PHB-2 is grown on 4-hydroxybenzoate, enzymes of the protocatechuate branch of the beta-ketoadipate pathway are induced . In contrast, B . circulans strain 3 contains high levels of the enzymes of the protocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase pathway after growth on 4-hydroxybenzoate . B . laterosporus strain PHB-7a degrades 4-hydroxybenzoate by a novel reaction sequence . After growth on 4-hydroxybenzoate, strain PHB-7a contains high levels of gentisate oxygenase (EC 1.13.11.4) and maleylpyruvate hydrolase . Whole cells of strain PHB-7a (grown on 4-hydroxylbenzoate) accumulate 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (gentisate) from 4-hydroxybenzoate when incubated in the presence of 1mM alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl . Thus, strain PHB-7a appears to convert 4-hydroxybenzoate to gentisate, which is further degraded by the glutathione-independent gentisic acid pathway . These pathway delineations provide evidence that Bacillus species are derived from a diverse evolutionary background. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1976 Jul, 32(1), 183 - 4 Effect of ultrasonic waves on the heat resistance of Bacillus spores; Ordonez JA et al.; The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the heat resistance of Bacillus spores differs widely both with the species and the strain tested . Ultrasonic waves do not affect the heat resistance of some strains, whereas they greatly reduce that of other strains of the same species . The heat-sensitizing effect of ultrasonic waves is more pronounced when short heating periods are used . Ultrasonic treatment does not seem to affect the "Z value". Can J Microbiol, 1976 Jul, 22(7), 1007 - 12 Biochemical characterization of a cortexless mutant of a variant of Bacillus cereus; Pearce SM; Previous studies on this cortexless mutant of Bacillus cereus var . alesti indicated that the forespore membrane was the site of the biochemical lesion . This hypothesis is supported by the results presented here: fatty acid composition of sporulating cells of themutant is altered, while in vegetative cells it is comparable to the parent; soluble precursors of peptidoglycan synthesis are accumulated in the mutant, at the time of cortex formation; homogenates of the mutant prepared at the time of cortex formation are unable to incorporate tritiated diaminopimelic acid into peptidoglycan, while homogenates of cells forming germ cell wall do so to an extent comparable to that of the parent; lipid-linked intermediates are formed by the mutant as in the parent . Apparently the mutant is unable either to transfer disaccharide penta-peptide units from the carrier lipid to the growing peptidoglycan acceptor, or to transport lipid-linked intermediates across the forespore membrane. Clin Exp Immunol, 1976 Jul, 25(1), 85 - 94 Lymphocyte transformation test in leprosy; correlation of the response with inflammation of lesions; Bjune G et al.; Lymphocyte transformation tests (LTT) using 'whole washed" and 'sonicated" preparations of Mycobacterium leprae (M . leprae) as antigen were studied in eighty-one patients with borderline leprosy . The results were correlated with the histological and the clinical pictures . There was a good correlation with the histological spectrum, LTT responses generally being higher in the borderline tuberculoid leprosy patients and lower in the borderline lepromatous . However, considerable variation was noted in each group of the borderline leprosy spectrum, and it was found that this was due in part to the degree of inflammation in the skin . Thus those with 'inflamed" skin lesions had higher responses than those with 'silent" lesions, and even those with borderline lepromatous leprosy with inflamed lesions had higher responses than those with borderline tuberculoid leprosy whose lesions were silent . Those who had reversal reactions, where inflammation is very marked, had very high LTT responses which fell with treatment of the reaction with steroids . It thus appears that the LTT in leprosy is influenced by the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions as well as by the patient's ability to resist bacillary multiplication. Am J Clin Pathol, 1976 Jul, 66(1), 22 - 30 Pancarditis in Whipple's disease: electronmicroscopic demonstration of intracardiac bacillary bodies; Lie JT et al.; The advent of electron microscopy has repeatedly confirmed Whipple's original postulate that bacterial infestation might be the cause of intestinal lipodystrophy (Whipple's disease) . We have recently studied two patients, a 67-year-old man and a 38-year-old woman, who died of untreated Whipple's disease, and both were found to have clinically unrecognized pancarditis . Histologically, PAS-positive histiocytes in foci of chronic inflammation were demonstrable in several organs, including the heart . Electron microscopy of autopsy tissues showed numerous intracellular and extracellular rod-shaped bacillary bodies and serpiginous membranes . The bacillary bodies, some sectioned transversely and others longitudinally, were about 0.2 mum wide and 2 mum long; each had a double-layered cell wall . These bacillary bodies have not been previously identified in the heart, and may be casually related to cardiac lesions occurring in many untreated cases of Whipple's disease. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol, 1976 Jul-Aug, 12(4), 528 - 36 {Phospholipase of Bacillus cereus}; Gerasimene GB et al.; Phospholipase activity of 10 strains of Bacillus cereus was studied . The most active strain of Bac . cereus--phospholipase producer was selected . A cultivation mixture of Bac . cereus optimal for the phospholipase synthesis was found to include peptone, yeast extract, glucose, NaCl and Na2HPO4 . Proper conditions for the synthesis of phospholipase in flasks, 20 l and 250 l fermenters were tested . The maximum increase of the phospholipase activity occurred by the 5-9th hour of microbial growth at pH 6.0-8.0 . Further cultivation, foaming, strong aeration, pH increase (over 8.0) reduced the accumulated activity . By fractionation with (NH4)2SO4, ethanol precipitation, protamine sulphate treatment with subsequent Sephadex G-100 gel filtration phospholipase (EC 3.1.4.3) was purified 300-fold from the culture liquid of Bac . cereus str . 504 . The preparation was examined electrophoretically in 7% polyacrylamide gel at alkaline pH . The effect of metal salts and EDTA on phospholipase activity was studied . Thermostability, substrate specificity and pH optimum of purified phospholipase were investigated. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol, 1976 Jul-Aug, 12(4), 515 - 7 {Study of the conditions maintaining the synthesis of alpha-amylase by Bacillus species}; Dvadtsatova EA et al.; The effect of temperature and different carbon sources on the growth of Bacillus species and the synthesis of alpha-amylase was studied . The temperature of 40 degrees proved to be optimal for those processes . Starch was found to be the best carbon source . The maximum accumulation of the enzyme was seen by the 40th hour of growth. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1976 Jun 22, 431(3), 570 - 7 A 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy pentane-substituted pentacyclic triterpene from Bacillus acidocaldarius; Langworthy TA et al.; A long-chained polyalcohol (polyol) was isolated from the glycolipid fraction of the extreme thermoacidophile Bacillus acidocaldarius . The polyol and its Smith degradation products, as well as the alkanes derived from these compounds were characterized by mobility on thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography, and by infrared and mass spectrometry . The polyol is proposed to be a fully saturated pentacyclic tetrol (C35H62O4, Mr 546) containing a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy pentane substituted to a hopane-derived pentacyclic triterpene nucleus. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1976 Jun 22, 431(3), 550 - 69 A sulfonolipid and novel glucosamidyl glycolipids from the extreme thermoacidophile Bacillus acidocaldarius; Langworthy TA et al.; The total lipid content of the extreme thermoacidophile Bacillus acidocaldarius comprises about 8.1% of the cell dry weight . Total lipid had a distribution of 15.7% neutral linique component initially characterized as an N-acylglucosamine beta-linked to the primary hydroxyl of an unusual fully saturated pentacyclic triterpene derived tetrol(C35H62O4, Mr 546), which appears to be a derivative of the pentacylcic triterpene hopane substituted at C-29 with a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy pentane . Other major glycolipids present were partially characterized as O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-O-2-acylamido-2-deoxy-beta D-glucopyranosyldiacylglycerol and O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-O-2-acylamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosylmonoacylglycerol . Minor components of the glycolipid fraction included O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-O-2-acylamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosylglycerol, O-2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl pentacyclic tetrol and free pentacyclic tetrol . The distributions of esterified and amide-linked fatty acids were similar, being comprised primarily of branched heptadecanoic, 11-cyclohexyundecanoic and 13-cyclohexyltridecanoic acids . The acid lipids were composed of a sulfonoglycosyldiacylglycerol (43.2%), diphosphatidylglycerol (32.3%), lysodiphosphatidylglycerol (5.3%), phosphatidic acid (5.8%) and phosphatidylglycerol (13.4%). Biochim Biophys Acta, 1976 Jun 7, 438(1), 213 - 20 Aminopeptidase II from Bacillus stearothermophilus; Stoll E et al.; 1 . The low molecular weight aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase II) from Bacillus stearothermophilus cells grown at 50 degrees C was purified to a homogeneous state . 2 . Molecular weight determination by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis resulted in a value of 46 000 for the subunits . A molecular weight of 80 000-100 000 has been reported for the native enzyme . We therefore conclude that aminopeptidase II is a dimeric enzyme . 3 . The amino-terminal sequence, the amino acid analysis and the subunit molecular weight of aminopeptidase II show no relationship to the corresponding data of aminopeptidase I . 4 . Aminopeptidase II binds two Co2+ per subunit . The dissociation constants of these ions determined by binding studies and by kinetic analysis agree within experimental error. Can J Microbiol, 1976 Jun, 22(6), 884 - 6 {Antibacterial effect of various mycotoxins and fungal metabolites against Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) strains sensitive or resistant to aflatoxin B1}; Boutibonnes P; Antimicrobial activity of pure preparations of mycotoxins and fungal metabolites was studied against strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) . Two resistant strains, called stable-variant, were isolated after treatment with high concentrations of aflatoxin B1 . These strains were then resistant also towards compounds with a double furan system (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and sterigmatocystin). J Virol, 1976 Jun, 18(3), 1051 - 62 Bacteriophage and bacteriophage-like structures carried by Bacillus medusa and their effect on sporulation; Hendry GS et al.; Bacillus medusa was found to carry three phages or phagelike structures named phi med-1, phi med-2, and phi med-3 . phi med-1 is a minute, 25-nm-diameter particle without a tail . It was extracted from the sporulation lysate of a phi med-2-minus strain of B . medusa and purified by differential centrifugation . The nucleic acid from this structure was shown to be orcinol positive, alkali sensitive, RNase sensitive, and DNase resistant . An RNase-resistant core of nucleic acid was not found, indicating that it was single-stranded RNA . A host strain has not yet been found for phi med-1 . Phage phi med-3 was induced with mitomycin C or UV light and consisted of empty heads of 57 nm in diameter, whereas phi med-2 induced with mitomycin was a phage of 60-nm head diameter and 220-nm tail length . The sporulation sequence proceeded faster in those mutants lacking phi med-2, and when the phage was reintroduced to B . medusa the extended wild-type sporulation sequence was observed . B . thuringiensis var . schwetzova was sensitive to phi med-2 and yielded small turbid plaques . B . medusa produced small numbers of phi med-2 during growth . The other phage may be produced at the same time but were not detected . Phi med-1 was found in sporulating cells by electron microscopy techniques . Its release from these was demonstrated by both electron microscopy techniques and a radioactive assay . It appears to participate in the formation of a surface layer on the parasporal inclusion of B . medusa. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand {B}, 1976 Jun, 84(3), 117 - 24 Possible functions of peptide antibiotics during growth of producer organisms: bacitracin and metal (II) ion transport; Haavik HI; The inhibitory effect of bacitracin upon growth of the producer strain Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 10716 was dependent upon the presence of several different metal (II) ions, particularly Mn (II), Co (II), or Zn (II) ions . This supports our previous suggestion that the normal function of bacitracin during growth of the producer organism may be to promote the uptake of several divalent metal ions . Due to the striking similarity between the antimicrobial effect of bacitracin towards susceptible organisms and the effect of bacitracin towards the producer organisms B . licheniformis ATCC 10716, the possibility that the antimicrobial effect of bacitracin may be an induction of uptake of toxic amounts of metal ions is discussed . The possibility that peptide antibiotics may normally participate in ion transport during growth of producer organisms is also discussed. Radiologe, 1976 Jun, 16(6), 220 - 5 {Pathology of renal tuberculosis (author's transl)}; Uehlinger E; Introduction of specific chemotherapy and vaccination leads to a remarkable recession of renal tuberculosis in the younger age group . Renal tuberculosis is the result of a haematogenous spread of tubercle bacillus . Haematogenous spreading occurs immediately after primary infection, or, in elderly patients, in combination with recurrency of tuberculous foci in lungs and hilar-lymphnodes . Simultaneous metastasis in the skeleton, especially in the vertebrae, are observed in 30% . The incubation period between tuberculous spread and clinical manifestation of renal tuberculosis lasts several years, in the average 5-8 years, for calcareous kidneys it may last as long as 20 years and more, for tuberculous pyelitis only a few months . Today it is possible to treat renal tuberculosis with drugs (Streptomycin, PAS and INH) . In 13% the cicatrisation is combined with obstruction of calices and partial hydronephrosis, in 7% with obstruction of the ureter and total hydronephrosis . Early chemotherapy may prevent the development of tuberculous hydronephrosis. Rev Biol Trop, 1976 Jun, 24(1 Suppl), 41 - 8 {Quality of the water and public health in the Central American isthmus}; Donato C; As of December 1970 the population of the Central American Isthmus was 16,436,723; 6,225,447 (37.9%) urban and 10,210,946 (62.1%) rural . Of the urban population, 63.3%, or 3,964,611 had water in the home, while 2,283,836 (36.7% had no adequate water supply . The problem is even worse in the rural population where only 732,150 inhabitants (7.17%) had water in the home; the rest, 9,500,000 were using water from contaminated rivers, streams, wells, etc . These low percentages do not meet the standards proposed at Punta del Este, Uruguay in 1961 of providing drinking water to 70% of the urban population and to 50% of those of rural areas . Nor do the very low figures for sanitary disposal of wastes meet these standards (31.4% in urban areas and 19.5% in rural areas) . As a logical consequence, water-bourne morbility in the Central American Isthmus is very high . The rates per 100,000 inhabitants are 0.4 to 18.8 for typhoid fever; 0.7 to 13.0 for paratyphoid fever; 0.5 to 786.2 for bacillary dysentery; and 17.9 to 555.6 for amebiasis . Although it would be hard to evaluate the benefits of sanitary water and waste disposal systems, the damage caused by water-bourne illnesses is well known, especially their effect on the individual human being since they sap his energy, lower his life expectancy and productivity, and thus indirectly affect the national economy . It is a well known fact that the cost of optimum water supply and waste disposal systems will more than amply be paid for by the savings in medication and lost time through illness. Thorax, 1976 Jun, 31(3), 294 - 302 Respiratory disease of workers harvesting grain; Darke CS et al.; The incidence of respiratory symptoms caused by grain dust during harvesting was surveyed in a group of Lincolnshire farmers . A quarter complained of respiratory distress after working on combine harvesters or near grain driers and elevators, with cough, wheezing, and breathlessness, sometimes so severe as to prevent work . The airborne dust around combine harvesters contained up to 200 million fungus spores/m3 air with Cladosporium predominant while drivers were exposed to up to 20 million spores/m3 air . Verticillium/Paecilomyces type spores, mostly from Verticillium lecanii, Aphanocladium album, and Paecilomyces bacillosporus, were abundant in the dust . Extracts of these species produced immediate weal reactions in skin tests, precipitin reactions with sera, and rapid decreases in FEV1 when inhaled by affected workers . There was no delayed reactions . Results suggest type I immediate hypersensitivity to the spores although the physical effect of a heavy dust deposit could be important . Drivers could be protected by cabs ventilated with filtered air. Br J Exp Pathol, 1976 Jun, 57(3), 310 - 5 Effect of pretreatment with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin on the course of a Listeria monocytogenes infection in normal and congenitally athymic (nude) mice; Ruitenberg EJ et al.; The effect of pretreatment with BCG on the course of a Listeria monomcytogenes infection was studied in nu/nu mice and in their heterozygous littermates (+/nu) . First, evidence was presented that the nu/nu mice used lacked functional T cells, since BCG treatment resulted only in skin reactivity to tuberculin in +/nu mice and not in nu/nu mice . Acquired resistance to Listeria (based on lower spleen counts) was only obtained in BCG pretreated +/nu mice . Evidence was presented that BCG pretreatment in nu/nu mice failed to increase non-specific resistance, both in terms of spleen counts and survival rate . These results seem to imply that functional T cells are required for this type of non-specific resistance to heterologous antigens . In this connection attention has been drawn to the possible implication of BCG treatment in man. J Bacteriol, 1976 Jun, 126(3), 1149 - 55 Ribosomal precursor particles of Bacillus megaterium; Body BA et al.; Pulse-labeled cells of Bacillus megaterium were converted to protoplasts, and lysates of the protoplasts were analyzed by sucrose gradient sedimentation . Precursor ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles then appeared predominantly as 50S and 30S precursor ribosomal subunits . Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid from the 50S and 30S RNP particles confirmed their precursor nature since they were shown to contain precursor 23S and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid, respectively . Treatment of protoplast lysates with 0.5% deoxycholate prior to sedimentation analysis resulted in a markedly different radioactivity profile . The 50S RNP particles were no longer present, but 43S particles were observed in addition to increased amounts of pulse-labeled material sedimenting at 30S and slower . Extracts from cells broken in a French press showed a profile from sucrose gradient sedimentation similar to that of the deoxycholate-treated protoplast lysate . These data suggest that the nature of the precursor ribosomal particles appears to be a function of the method of cell disruption or detergent treatment of the cell extract preparation . The observed 50S and 30S RNP particles may be the major precursor ribosomal subunits in vivo; the slower-sedimenting species could result from some form of breakdown or change in the configuration of the 50S and 30S precursors. Am J Epidemiol, 1976 Jun, 103(6), 589 - 94 An outbreak of Bacillus cereus food poisoning resulting from contaminated vegetable sprouts; Portnoy BL et al.; In an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by consumption of home-grown raw vegetable sprouts contaminated by Bacillus cereus, victims developed symptoms after an incubation period of 6-15 hours . Four persons initially experienced nausea and vomiting, and this was followed in 3 cases by abdominal cramps and diarrhea . Bacteriologic investigation indicated that B . cereus on unsprouted seeds proliferated during germination in a commercially sold seed sprouting kit and reached levels in excess of 10(7) per gram . B . cereus isolated from the incriminated sprouts exhibited enterotoxigenic activity when tested by the ligated rabbit ileal loop technique, the dermal reaction in guinea pigs, and the rabbit skin capillary permeability test . The diversity of symptoms and incubation periods attributed to B . cereus requires analysis for this often overlooked organism whenever food-borne gastroenteritis is suspected. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1976 Jun, 73(6), 2147 - 50 Fusion of protoplasts of Bacillus megaterium; Fodor K et al.; Protoplasts of two doubly auxotrophis strains of Bacillus megaterium were fused by nascent calcium phosphate or by polyethylene glycol treatment, and then allowed to revert to bacillary form on selection media . The colonies formed were analyzed and found to be mixed populations of individual bacteria apparently containing parental, recombinant, and segregating genotypes . The evidence suggested that segregation was transitory, lasting only for a few clonings and reisolations. J Hyg (Lond), 1976 Jun, 76(3), 319 - 27 An outbreak of Bacillus cereus food-poisoning in Finland associated with boiled rice; Raevuori M et al.; A food-poisoning outbreak caused by Bacillus cereus occurred in a Finnish industrial plant in January 1975 . Eighteen of the 36 persons who ate a lunch including boiled rice, meat and vegetables became ill . The disease pattern was similar to previously reported short incubation time B . cereus food-poisonings associated with cooked rice . The median incubation time was two hours, the main symptoms being nausea, abdominal pain and vomiting . Rice and certain seasonings were the contaminated raw materials . Gas chromatographic fatty acid analysis of a bacterial cell was used as a diagnostic method as well as to identify a certain strain of B . cereus. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1976 Jun, 31(6), 999 - 1000 Stability of Bacillus pumilus spore strips used for monitoring radiation sterilization; Prince HN; Dried Bacillus pumilus spore strips had a stable D-value of 0.17 to 0.18 Mrad after 1 year at 5 or 25 C, but resistance was lost at 35 C . Refrigeration did not have an adverse effect on resistance to irradiation . The presence of water at the time of initial preparation increased this resistance to 0.23 to 0.25 Mrad . Proper drying is essential to achieve reproducible results in sterility tests using USP-type biological indicators. J Immunol, 1976 Jun, 116(6), 1587 - 91 Effects of BCG on lymphocyte trapping; Zatz MM; The effects of Bacillus-Calmette Guerin (BCG) administration upon lymphocyte traffic was studied in BALB/cJ mice . Intravenous or subcutaneous injection of BCG resulted in increased localization (trapping) of 51Cr-labeled syngeneic lymphocytes in the spleen or draining nodes . BCG-induced splenic trapping was biphasic, occurring 1 to 2 days after BCG injection, and reappearing 3 weeks later . Trapping in draining lymph nodes persisted and increased during the 24 days of study . These results are in contrast to those obtained with SRBC, where trapping was evident only within the first few days of antigen injection . Additional studies revealed that prior injection of BCG influencdd the ensuing magnitude of SRBC-induced trapping . Intravenous administration of BCG suppressed SRBC-induced splenic trapping; both intravenous and subcutaneous injection of BCG enhanced trapping to SRBC in the draining lymph nodes . These studies suggest that one mechanism for potentiation of immune responses by BCG may operate via BCG's effects upon regulation of lymphocyte traffic to the lymphoid tissues. Biochem J, 1976 Jun 1, 155(3), 523 - 34 Iodination of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus; Allen G et al.; The reaction of iodine with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus was investigated . The active-site thiol group of the cysteine residue homologous with cysteine-149 in the pig muscle enzyme was protected by reaction with tetrathionate . The apoenzyme was readily inhibited by KI3 solution at pH8, but the coenzyme, NAD+, protected the enzyme against inhibition and decreased the extent of iodination . At pH 9.5, ready inhibition of both apo- and holo-enzyme was observed . Tryptic peptides containing residues iodinated at pH 8 were isolated and characterized . One of the most reactive residues in both holo- and apo-enzymes was a tyrosine homologous with tyrosine-46 in the pig muscle enzyme, and this residue was iodinated without loss of enzymic activity . Other reactive tyrosine residues in the apoenzyme were in positions homologous with residues 178, 273, 283 and 311 in the pig muscle enzyme, but they were not readily iodinated in the holoenzyme . Histidine residues in both holo- and apo-enzymes were iodinated at pH 8 in sequence positions homologous with residues 50, 162 and 190 in the pig muscle enzyme . The inhibition of the enzyme was not correlated with the iodination of a particular residue . The results are discussed in relation to a three-dimensional model based on the structure of the lobster muscle enzyme and demonstrate that conformational changes affecting the reactivity of several tyrosine residues most probably occur on binding of the coenzyme. J Exp Med, 1976 Jun 1, 143(6), 1521 - 7 Association between mitogenicity and immunogenicity of 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenacetyl-lipopolysaccharide, a T-independent antigen; Smith E et al.; Polymyxin B, which is a basic polypeptide produced by various strains of Bacillus Polymyxa, has previously been shown to prevent the lethal effect of LPS and to neutralize the Schwartzmann reaction . In this study we have investigated the interactions between polymyxin B and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hapten LPS conjugates . Polymyxin B was found to suppress mitogenicity of LPS and also to inhibit immunogenicity of the hapten conjugate 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenacetyl (NNP)-LPS . Inhibition was not due to interference with the expression of NNP determinants nor to cross-reactivity between PB and the hapten . Since mitogenicity and immunogenicity decreased in parallel, we conclude that B-cell activation in specific thymus independent responses does not take place in the absence of a nonspecific (non-Ig-mediated) signal. Cancer Res, 1976 Jun, 36(6), 1950 - 3 Enhancement of tumor growth following immunization with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin cell walls; Wepsic HT et al.; The effect of preimmunization with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell walls (BCGcw) on tumor growth was studied with the use of transplantable Morris Hepatoma 3924a in inbred ACl rats . There was an increase in tumor incidence, an increase in the i.m . tumor growth rate, and an increase in the average i.m . tumor mass in animals that were preimmunized with BCGcw . The BCGcw-induced enhancement in tumor growth was dependent upon the amount of tumor present at the time of BCGcw immunization . No enhancement occurred in animals immunized with BCGcw 12 days after the inoculation of tumor cells. Nord Vet Med, 1976 Jun, 28(6), 309 - 15 The occurrence of Bacillus cereus in Finnish dog food sausages; a microbiological and physiochemical survey; Raevuori M et al.; A bacteriological survey of five brands of commercial dog food sausages showed that two of them were heavily contaminated with B . cereus . One of the two brands had a suspected association with food-poisoning incidents in dogs . In addition to B . cereus the other sausage brand was found to contain a high number of sulphite reducing anaerobes . B . cereus was detected in almost every raw material of the two brands of sausages . The pasteurization during manufacturing did not kill all the sporeforming organisms . The water activity of the sausages were equal to or more than 0.99 and pH in a range from 6.2 to 7.0 . Methods of preventing the growth of microbes in the sausages after manufacturing are discussed. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1976 May 27, 431(2), 249 - 56 Involvement of a single hydroxylase species in the hydroxylation of palmitate at the omega-1, omega-2 and omega-3 positions by a preparation from Bacillus megaterium; Ho PP et al.; A soluble enzyme preparation from Bacillus megaterium, requiring NADPH and O2 for activity and containing ferredoxin-replaceable and cytochrome P-450-type components, was previously shown to catalyze the conversion of palmitic acid to an isomeric mixture of omega-1, omega-2 and omega-3 hydroxypalmitate . It has now been shown that the ratio of these three positional isomers in the enzymatic product remains unchanged in spite of partial diminution of total hydroxylase activity by heat treatment, pH change or inhibition by p-hydroxy-mercuribenzoate or carbon monoxide . These findings strongly support the hypothesis that a single hydroxylase with one substrate binding site is responsible for hydroxylation at all three positions of palmitate. J Biol Chem, 1976 May 10, 251(9), 2831 - 8 Characterization of a cytochrome P-450-dependent steroid hydroxylase system present in Bacillus megaterium; Berg A et al.; Cell-free extracts from sonically disrupted Bacillus megaterium ATCC 13368 hydroxylated a variety of 3-oxo-delta4-steroids in position 15beta in the presence of NADPH and O2 . Ring A-reduced, aromatic and 3beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroids did not serve as substrates for the 15beta-hydroxylase system . Using ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Ultrogel ACA-54 it was possible to resolve the hydroxylase system into three proteins: a strictly NADPH-dependent FMN-containing (megaredoxin reductase), an iron-sulfur protein (megaredoxin), and cytochrome P-450 (P-450meg) . The activity of the 15beta-hydroxylase system was fully reconstituted upon combination of these three proteins and addition of NADPH . Megaredoxin had an apparent sulfur to iron ration of 0.98 and showed g-signals at 1.90, 1.93, and 2.06 when analyzed by electron paramagnetic reso0 times and the preparation contained 1 to 2 nmol of cytochrome P-450 per mg of protein . This preparation of cytochrome P-450meg sedimented as a homogeneous zone on sucrose gradients with a sedimentation coefficient of 3.3 S and contained 0.94 nmol of heme per nmol of cytochrome P-450 . The oxidized form of cytochrome P-450meg showed absolute absorption maxima at 416, 528, and 565 nm whereas the reduced form showed maxima at 411 and 542 nm . The following scheme is suggested for the electron transport in the 15beta-hydroxylase system in B . megaterium: NADPH leads to megaredoxin reductase leads to megaredoxin leads to cytochrome P-450meg. Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 1976 May 3, 86(1), 77 - 84 Life-span investigations for carcinogenicity of some immune-stimulating, immunodepressive and neurotropic substances in Sprague-Dawley-rats; Schmahl D et al.; In a long-term trial in a total of 858 Sprague-Dawley-rats of both sexes the possible carcinogenicity of 12 substances was investigated . Complete Freunds' adjuvant which is among the immune-stimulating substances was found to decrease significantly the lifetime of the animals; whereas an increase in tumor incidences was not observed . Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), human albumin, and vitamin-A-acid were neither carcinogenic, nor had they an influence on the survival times . Rabbit-antirat lymphocytic serum which is a well-known immunodepressive agent caused a significant decrease in survival times, it was not found to be carcinogenic . The known carcinogenic properties of cyclophosphamide were verified . The applied dose of this compound significantly reduced the mean survival times of the animals . Hydrocortisone and amethopterin were found to have no carcinogenic effects . Atropine, pilocarpine, nicotine, and phenyl-ethyl-barbituric acid (phenobarbital) which are known to have neurotropic effects were tested . Nicotine and phenobarbital were found to diminish the mean survival times . None of these neurotropic substances was found to be carcinogenic. J Urol, 1976 May, 115(5), 537 - 41 Abnormal monocyte function in bladder cancer patients; Hausman MS et al.; We evaluated 39 patients with various stages of bladder carcinoma to determine alterations in monocyte function . Since the monocyte plays an important role in the effector arm of the immune system defective function may explain the host's inability to destroy neoplastic cells . As a group these 39 patients demonstrated defective monocyte monocyte function . There was no correlation between tumor stage and degree of chemotactic defect . Patients with invasive carcinoma had a significant return of monocyte chemotactic response toward normal postoperatively (p less than 0.005) . Monocyte function was improved also in 3 patients who received Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy (p less than 0.05). J Virol, 1976 May, 18(2), 659 - 63 Location in bacteriophage lamdba DNA of cleavage sites of the site-specific endonuclease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H; Haggerty DM et al.; The sites in Escherichia coli bacteriophage lambda DNA cleaved by the site-specific endonuclease isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H (BamI) are found to be at 0.114, 0.466, 0.580, 0.713, and 0.861 lambda units . The sites were located by analysis of the products of digestion of lambda DNA and lambda-ara transducing phage DNA, and verified by double digestion with BamI and EcoRI. Vopr Med Khim, 1976 May-Jun, 22(3), 334 - 8 {Regulation of L-asparaginase biosynthesis in mutants of Bacillus mesentericus 43A, poorly growing in the presence of aspartic acid}; Eremenko VV et al.; Biosynthesis of L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) was inhibited in the growing culture of Bac . mesentericus 43A on addition of L-aspartic acid (20 mM) . My treatment with methyl nitrosourea (2 mg/ml) mutants were obtained, which grew poorly on aspartic acid used as the only source of carbon and nitrogen . The aspartic acid did not repress the asparaginase biosynthesis in 8 strains, found between the mutants . In six of these mutants the asparaginase biosynthesis was inhibited by means of the type of catabolite repression . The data obtained suggest that in Bac . mesentericus 43A the asparaginase biosynthesis is controlled more likely by two independent mechanisms: 1) specific repression with aspartic acid as an end product and 2) catabolite repression. Biokhimiia, 1976 May, 41(5), 869 - 73 {Nature of the effect on RNA and substrate specificity of RNAase of Bacillus amylozyma 9a}; Agliullina DG et al.; Extracellular RNAase from Bac . amylozyma 9a has endonucleolytic character of the action on RNA, it splits in RNA 5'-phosphodiester bonds of GpXp type (where X is any nucleoside) . The hydrolysis proceeds in two steps by the intramolecular transphosphorylation type of reaction to form guanosine-2',3'-phosphates and with the subsequent hydrolysis of cyclic bonds . The enzyme shows a preferable specificity to the single-stranded structure of the polyribonucleotides. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1976 May, 29(5), 521 - 5 The constituent amino acids and fatty acid of antibiotic 333-25 . (Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus . XII; Shoji J et al.; Measurement of the optical rotational activities of the constituent amino acids of antibiotic 333-25 identified 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (D-form 1, L-form 4), L-leucine (2) and D-phenylalanine (1) . The fatty acid constituent was determined to be beta-hydroxy anteisononanoic acid by gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra . Differentiation from the structure of antibiotic EM 49 is discussed. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1976 May, 29(5), 516 - 20 Isolation of a new antibiotic 333-25, related to antibiotic EM 49 . (Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus . XI); Shoji J et al.; A new antibiotic, 333-25, active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, was isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus circulans 333-25 . The antibiotic is a basic acylpeptide containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (5), leucine (2), phenylalanine (1) and a fatty acid . It is closely related to antibiotic EM 49, but can be differentiated by chromatographic behaviour. J Bacteriol, 1976 May, 126(2), 907 - 13 Relationship between cortex content and properties of Bacillus sphaericus spores; Imae Y et al.; The muramic lactam content of spores of Bacillus sphaericus mutants defective in meso-diaminopimelic acid synthesis increases almost linearly with an increase of meso-diaminopimelic acid concentration in the medium . Since muramic lactam content is a measure of cortex content, the amount of cortex in spores of the mutants can be easily varied by changing the meso-diaminopimelic acid concentration in the medium . Characteristic properties were tested in spores containing different amounts of cortex . Critical amounts of cortex were associated with different spore properties . Refractility and dipicolinic acid accumulation in the spores both required about 20% of the maximum cortex content (although refractility is independent of dipicolinic acid content) . For xylene octanol resistance, about 25% of the maximum cortex content was required. J Gen Microbiol, 1976 May, 94(1), 68 - 74 Adenine nucleotide pool and energy charge during growth of a tyrothricin-producing strain of Bacillus brevis; Fynn GH et al.; The adenine nucleotide levels and derived energy charge value of a tyrothricin-producing strain of Bacillus brevis under aerobic conditions were in good agreement with published values for other bacteria . When growing cultures of B . brevis underwent a transition from aerobic to anaerobic conditions, cyclic variations in the level of adenine nucleotides were observed and the energy charge value oxcillated between 0.87 and 0.70 . The significance of these changes is considered in relation to antibiotic production as a possible regulatory mechanism in energy metabolism . It is concluded that tyrothricin is not directly involved in the observed changes in energy charge value. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol, 1976 May-Jun, 12(3), 322 - 6 {20alpha- and 20beta-reduction of steroids by immobilized enzyme preparations and Bacillus megaterium cells}; Koshcheenko KA et al.; Cells of Bacillus megaterium immobilized due to incorporation into polyacrylamide gel retained their viability . They differed significantly in their enzymic activity from free cells: 20alpha- and 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activites were substantially decreased and they also showed the capacity to synthesize significant quantities of a new derivative and to destruct steroids . Immobolized protein fractions maintained 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities but their specific activites were lower than those of native protein fractions . It is suggested that the synthesis of new compounds was induced by acrylamide that was bound during polymerization. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek, 1976 May, 116(5), 58 - 64 {Infectious complications after heart surgery}; Radzivil GG et al.; In the paper the authors report their experience with the prophylaxis and treatment of infectious complications in 393 patients operated upon the heart . An increase of the specific weight of gram-negative bacteria as an etiological cause of infection and also the increase incidence of infection as the main or sole cause of mortality ill patients, operated upon under artifical circulation, were noted . Based on the study of various combinations of antibiotics against principal agents of surgical infection, it was found that a combination of bactericidal drugs such such as ampicillin with gentamycin or carbencillin with gentamycin proved to be the most effective and safe . Tetraolean was shown to be not effective enought against pyocyanic bacillus . Some information concerning the dosage and methods of using various antibiotics and their combinations for prophylaxis and treatment of suppurative complications is reported. South Med J, 1976 May, 69(5), 535 - 9, 549 Eikenella corrodens osteomyelitis, arthritis, and cellulitis of the hand; Johnson SM et al.; Eikenella corrodens was isolated from an orally contaminated hand wound which resulted in cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and arthritis . E corrodens is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacillus which only lately has received attention as a possible pathogen . The organism grows characteristically as small, corroding, or pitting colonies on blood agar . It typically requires hemin or blood for reliable aerobic growth . Oral contamination of wounds predisposes to infection with E . corrodens . The management of these infections includes treatment with an effective antibiotic and surgical debridement . Because it is gram-negative, microaerophilic, and often difficult to isolate, infections caused by E corrodens may mimic those caused by gram-negative obligate anaerobes . However, E corrodens is resistant to clindamycin and lincomycin and sensitive to most other commonly used antimicrobial agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1976 May, 73(5), 1457 - 61 Membrane penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C:sequence and possible repeated tetrapeptide structure of the phospholipopeptide region; Yamamoto S et al.; The membrane penicillinase (EC 3.5.2.6; penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase) of Bacillus licheniforis 749/C, which appears to be an intermediate in the formation of the exoenzyme, is a phospholipoprotein that carries an NH2-terminal chain of 24 amino acids (only serine, glycine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, and glutamine) and a phosphatidylserine that is not present in the exoenzyme. Cancer Res, 1976 May, 36(5), 1731 - 4 Treatment of the mouse Lewis tumor by the association of radiotherapy and immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; Dubois JB et al.; Three groups of 6 to 8-week-old male mice with transplanted C57BL/6 X DBA/2F1 tumor were irradiated by a single dose of 60Co localized on the tumor in association with i.p . injections of lyophilized Bacillus Calmette-Guerin . When the animals were sacrificed, tumor parameters (weight, surface area, and volume) were determined . Lung metastases were counted using a binocular magnifying glass . When Bacillus Calmette-Guerin injections were begun the day after the irradiation, tumor growth and the number of lung metastases were significantly decreased in comparison with the control group (p less than 0.01) . However, there was no significant difference between the control group, which received radiotherapy alone, and the groups in which Bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment was started after the 4th day postirradiation . This emphasizes the importance of timing in combined radioimmunological treatment. J Bacteriol, 1976 May, 126(2), 743 - 50 Kinetic studies of Bacillus polymyxa nitrogenase; Hermann TE et al.; Nitrogenase from the facultative anaerobe Bacillus polymxa was separated into its component proteins, which were recombined in the ratio that produced optimal specific activity (125 to 175 nmol of C2H2 reduced/min per mg of total protein) . The apparent Michaelis constants (Km)for the magnesium adenosine triphosphate complex, reducible substrates azide, acetylene, and N2 and the nonphysiological electron donor hydrosulfite (S2O42-) were determined to be 0.7, 0.7, 0.2, 0.06, and 0.03 MM, respectively . These apparent Km values are in reasonable agreement with those reported for the nitrogenases of Azotobacter vinelandii and Klebsiella pneumoniae . Either a total lack of cooperativity between binding sites or a single binding site for reducible substrates is indicated by analysis of Hill plots . Hill plot slopes of approximately 1.7 suggest that multiple binding sites exist for both ATP and S2O42-. Blood, 1976 May, 47(5), 757 - 65 Specific release of neutrophillic- and eosinophilic-stimulating factors from sensitized lymphocytes; Ruscetti FW et al.; Mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes recently have been shown to release colony-stimulating activity (CSA), a stimulator of granulopoiesis in vitro . Whether CSA release is a result of specific antigen-lymphocyte interactions has been investigated by determining the ability of spleen lymphocytes isolated from Trichinella spiralis and Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) infected mice to release CSA . Lymphocytes were incubated with different antigens to obtain conditioned media (CM) . Conditioned media prepared from Trichinella-sensitized lymphocytes incubated with Trichinella antigen (CM-1) resulted in a fourfold increase in the number of colonies from murine marrow cultured in methylcellulose as compared to controls . The addition of Trichinella antigen to either nonsensitized or BCG-sensitized lymphocytes did not stimulate CSA release . Similar results were obtained with lymphocytes from BCG-infected mice . Liquid cultures stimulated with CM resulted in an increase in 3h-thymidine incorporation and cell numbers . Using CM-1 to stimulate marrow from Trichinella-infected mice resulted in a three- to fourfold increase in the number of eosinophils present after 4 days . All other CMs tested stimulated only neutrophil production... Mikrobiologiia, 1976 May-Jun, 45, 515 - 9 {Effect of calcium hypochlorite on Bacillus anthracoides spores}; Galanina LA et al.; The sublethal dose of calcium hypochlorite (CH) of 0.2--0.3 mg/ml active chlorine did not cause, after 5 min, morphological changes in the spores of Bacillus anthracoides which could be detected by phase contrast microscopy, or a decrease in the content of dipicolinic acid (DPA) in the spores . Further cultivation of the spores treated with the sublethal dose of CH om MPA resulted in a delay of changes which were typical of normal germination process (swelling, loss of light refraction, decrease in DPA content) . The action of the lethal dose of CH (0.2--0.3 mg/ml active chlorine during 1.5 hr or 5.6 mg/ml active chlorine during 1 hr) causes a decrease in light refraction, changes in the dimensions of spores, and a decrease in the content of DPA in the spores by a factor of 4--5 . A sharp decrease in the content of DPA in the spores may characterize not only their germination but also their death caused by lethal doses of the chlorine containing disinfectant. Cancer Treat Rep, 1976 May, 60(5), 535 - 9 Chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy of head and neck cancer: report of a randomized study; Richman SP et al.; Thirty-four patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomized to receive the five-drug chemotherapy regimen BACON (bleomycin, adriamycin, CCNU, vincristine {Oncovin}, and mechlorethamine {nitrogen mustard}; 14 patients) or the same regimen plus bacillus Calmette-Gu erin (BCG) by scarification (20 patients) . The majority of both patient groups had received prior surgery and radiation . The patients treated with BACON plus BCG experienced a significantly longer survival (P = 0.014) than those treated with BACON alone . There were five drug-related deaths, and eight other patients required hospitalization for treatment of drug-related morbidity. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1976 May, 29(5), 532 - 5 Antibiotics derived from a mutant of Bacillus circulans; Taylor HD et al.; A mutant of Bacillus circulans, which produces butirosins only when 2-deoxystreptamine is added to the fermentation medium, was employed in the biosynthesis of antibiotics containing modified aminocyclitols . The blocked mutant converted 2,5-dideoxystreptamine into 5-deoxybutirosamine . Streptamine was incorporated into a complex differing from butirosin by an additional hydroryl at C-2. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1976 Apr 22, 431(1), 1 - 8 Phosphatidyl-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine . A lipid component of mammalian epidermis; Gray GM; A lipid present in the granular cells of mammalian epidermis was identified as phosphatidyl-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine . The structure was deduced from the ratio of phosphorus : nitrogen : glycerol : fatty acid esters : total fatty acid (1 : 0.94 : 0.97 : 2.1 : 2.9), from analyses of the products of alkaline and acid hydrolyses and from its infrared spectrum . Conclusive evidence was obtained by a direct comparison of the chromatographic properties, degradation products and infrared spectrum of the isolated lipid with those of synthetic 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(N-palmitoyl)-ethanolamine . The fatty acids attached to the ethanolamine were predominantly saturated (69% of total) and hexadecanoic acid was the major component (41% of total) . Phosphatidyl-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine was hydrolysed by a phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus) to diacylglycerol, inorganic phosphorus and N-acylethanolamine . Evidence for the presence of N-acylethanolamine in granular cells and in stratum corneum suggested that an epidermal phospholipase C may be involved in the catabolism of phosphatidyl-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine. J Biol Chem, 1976 Apr 10, 251(7), 1889 - 95 Purification and properties of a protein factor stimulating peptidoglycan synthesis in toluene- and Licl-treated Bacillus megaterium cells; Taku A et al.; A protein factor, called PG-I, can be solubilized from toluene-treated Bacillus megaterium cells by LiCl extraction . After LiCl extraction, peptidoglycan synthesis by the toluene-treated cells is decreased . Protein PG-I can be added back to the extracted cells to stimulate peptidoglycan synthesis . This factor has now been purified 124-fold . It has a molecular weight of 42,000 as estimated by Sephadex gel filtration in the presence of 0.4 M KCl and 52,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis . Periodate-Schiff staining of the polyacrylamide gel indicates that factor PG-I is a glycoprotein . The reconstitution of LiCl-extracted cells requires Mg2+ with an apparent Km of 1.9 X 10(-3) M . The Mg2+ ions can be replaced by Ca2+ and by Mn2+ ions to some extent; Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions had no effect . The available data suggest that factor PG-I is essential for peptidoglycan synthesis and requires at least one thiol group for stimulatory activity. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 1976 Apr 1, 168(7), 602 - 4 Tyzzer's disease in a dog; Qureshi SR et al.; A 5-week-old mixed-breed dog was examined because of emaciation and depression associated with chronic anorexia, diarrhea, and vomiting . Its rectal temperature was subnormal and it died on the day of admission . At necropsy, small focal lesions were distributed through the liver . Enteric alterations included catarrhal enteritis with fluid contents, excess production of mucus, and mucosal hyperemia . Microscopically, the hepatic lesions were disseminated foci of coagulative necrosis, with little or no associated inflammatory cell response . Numerous organisms morphologically consistent with Bacillus piliformis were demonstrated within viable hepatocytes at the periphery of the necrotic foci and in the intestinal mucosa . Numerous coccidial forms were found within the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa, which was focally necrotic. J Urol, 1976 Apr, 115(4), 377 - 80 Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the kidney; Morales A et al.; Of 18 patients with renal adenocarcinoma 10 with metastatic disease received Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy . Objective responses were recorded in 4 patients . When the intradermal route and relatively small amounts of vaccine were used the complications were minimal and self-limiting . Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy appears to be more effective than other modalities in the treatment of renal adenocarcinoma . However, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn since there is no control group . A prospective clinical trial is now in progress at this institution. J Bacteriol, 1976 Apr, 126(1), 213 - 21 Distribution of peptidoglycan synthetase activities between sporangia and forespores in sporulating cells of Bacillus sphaericus; Tipper DJ et al.; Sporulating cells of Bacillus sphaericus 9602 containing fully engulfed forespores at different stages of maturity were broken by ultrasonic disruption, followed by grinding with alumina . In this way soluble enzymes derived mainly from the sporangial or from the forespore cytoplasms were obtained . Diaminopimelate ligase activity is required exclusively for cortical peptidoglycan synthesis, is absent during vegetative growth, and is synthesized during forespore maturation . It is found exclusively in the sporangial cytoplasm . L-lysine ligase is required for vegetative cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis but not for cortex synthesis . It is found in both fractions, but it has a fourfold higher specific activity in the forespore cytoplasm . Other enzymes that are required for synthesis of the nucleotide-pentapeptide precursors of both cortical and vegetative cell wall peptidoglycans are found in similar specific activities in both compartments . Mature spores, free of any residual sporangial material, have specific activities of all of these enzymes and of L-lysine ligase similar to those in forespores and in vegetative cells and are devoid of diaminopimelate ligase activity . Thus, the differential expression of at least one gene required for spore cortex synthesis in B . sphaericus occurs exclusively in the sporangial cytoplasm. Can J Microbiol, 1976 Apr, 22(4), 468 - 74 Effect of calcium and anaerobiosis on the thermostability of Bacillus stearothermophilus; Mosley GA et al.; Bacillus stearothermophilus NCA 2184 lost viability and subsequently released cytoplasmic components when suspended in 0.1 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffer (pH 7.2) and incubated at 60 degrees C . Cell lysis was prevented by the addition of 10 mM CaCl2 to the Tris-buffer suspension . Cells which were incubated under anaerobic conditions for 20 min in the growth medium before they were collected were stable in the Tris-buffer suspension without added calcium . Anaerobic incubation effected an increase in membrane cardiolipin which appeared to be related to the increase in the thermostability of the cells. J Infect Dis, 1976 Apr, 133(4), 465 - 8 Stimulation of lymphocytes by purified protein derivative: suppression by cells from human vaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guérin; Bona C et al.; Specific stimulation of thymus-derived cells by purified protein derivative or tetanus toxoid was inhibited by autologous lymphocytes . The lymphocytes, which were collected from healthy humans who had been vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guerin were purified on nylon columns after removal of cells that form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes . The degree of purification of the lymphocytes was controlled by appropriate techniques. Biokhimiia, 1976 Apr, 41(4), 639 - 42 {Extracellular nuclease of Bacillus mesentericus}; Kapranova MN et al.; Bacillus mesentericus is found to secrete three type of nucleases: alkaline ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.17), acidic ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.17) and Ca2+-activated exonucleease (EC 3.1.4.7) . These nucleases are purified and characterized . They are similar to those from Bac . subtilis in main biochemical and physico-chemical properties and in their chromatographical behaviour . Studying physiological functions of Bac . mesentericus extracellular nucleases, it is shown that bacteria, which are capable to produce extracellular nucleases, utilize exogenous RNAs and a bit worse, DNAs as a single and additional source of nitrogen or phosphorus . In view of this it is believed that extracellular nucleases participate in bacteria nutrition. J Radiol Electrol Med Nucl, 1976 Apr, 57(4), 297 - 310 {The contribution of nephro-urotomography in the diagnosis of unilateral non-functioning kidney in the adult (author's transl)}; Joffre F et al.; The aetiological diagnosis of a unilateral nonfunctioning kidney is achieved by angiographic or retrograde techniques . Pyelography indicates only that organ is non-functioning . 71 patients were explored by nephro-urotomography carried out using high doses of contrast medium (2 cm3/kg) with rapid injection (10cm3/sec.) and repeated tomographic sections taken during the first minute after injection . These tomographic sections, three in number, made it possible to study the three phases of the nephrogram: cortical nephrography, cortico-medullary nephrography and tubular nephrography . The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of this technique in the aetiological diagnosis of a unilateral non-functioning kidney . In the majority of cases it is possible to suspect the vascular or neoplasic origin of the non-functioning kidney . Obstructive non-functioning kidneys have two distinct nephrographic appearances . Pelvic and retroperitoneal obstructions are visualised chiefly during the phase of cortical nephrography, which shows marked parenchymatous atrophy with the presence of rounded intrarenal lacunae . By contrast, obstruction secondary to pyelo-ureteral junction syndrome results in total destruction of the parenchyma . The phenomenon of total corporeal opacification plays a major role in the visualisation of the fibrous speta which form the limits of the pseudocystic pockets . In these patients, the contribution of study of early nephrograms is less evident . Bacillary non-functioning kidneys have an analogous appearance characterised by the particular frequency of abnormal opacities, calcified ormastic . Thus the aetiological diagnosis of a unilateral nonfunctioning kidney may be obtained in the majority of cases . This permits more judicious selection of those cases requiring angiography or retrograde exploration necessary to pre-operative assessment. J Immunol, 1976 Apr, 116(4), 1134 - 9 Immunologic reactivity to soluble autochthonous tumor extracts in dogs with spontaneous malignancies; Tsoi M-S et al.; The presence of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in dogs with spontaneous lymphoma (L) or solid tumors (ST) was investigated by testing soluble tumor cell extracts for their ability to stimulate autochthonous in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis and in vivo intradermal delayed hypersensitivity responses . Tumor extracts were prepared from tumor biopsies and control extracts were prepared from buffycoat cells of tumor dogs by hypertonic KCl solubilization . Blastogenic responses to intact, cryopreserved, autochthonous tumor cells were also determined . Fifteen of 26 (58%) L dogs and 23 of 32 (72%) ST dogs had positive blastogenic responses to at least one concentration of autochthonous tumor extracts . Blastogenic responses to tumor extract and to cryopreserved whole tumor cells correlated well when the tests were performed simultaneously . No consistent effect of autochthonous serum on the lymphocyte response to autochthonous tumor extract was observed . Two of 11 L dogs showed a positive skin test to autochthonous tumor extract and none reacted to control extract . Three of 21 ST dogs showed a positive skin test and two had a borderline response, while two ST dogs had a positive response to control extract . However, five of seven L and nine of 18 ST dogs were anergic as defined by failure to respond to intradermal PPD challenge after sensitization with Bacille Calmette-Guerin . In conclusion, lymphocytes from most dogs with spontaneous tumors underwent blastogenesis in vitro in response to autochthonous soluble tumor extracts, and these responses when tested simultaneously correlated well with responses to cryopreserved intact tumor cells . These results are compatible with the presence of TAA in extracts from cells of spontaneous canine tumors . Delayed skin test reactivity, however, was an uncommon and unpredictable finding, and does not appear to be useful in detecting TAA in the dog. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1976 Apr, 29(4), 390 - 3 Isolation of a new antibiotic, laterosporamine . Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus . XIII; Shoji J et al.; A new antibiotic, named laterosporamine, was isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus laterosporus 340-19 . The antibiotic is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo . It is a water-soluble basic substance, positive to ninhydrin, SAKAGUCHI'S and DRAGENDORFF'S reagents . A non-peptidic structure with an approximate empirical formula C17H35N7O4 was suggested. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1976 Apr, 29(4), 380 - 9 The structure of brevistin . Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus . X; Shoji J et al.; Acid hydrolysis revealed the constituent amino acids by brevistin as follows: aspartic acid (D-form 2, L-form 1), L-threonine (1), glycine (1), sum of L-valine and L-isoleucine (1), L-phenylalanine (1), L-trytophan (1), and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (D-form 1, L-form 1) . The constituent fatty acid was elucidated to be anteisononanoic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry . A lactone linkage was proved between phenylalanine and the hydroxy group of threonine . Opening the lactone ring with dilute alkali afforded brevistinic acid . Deacylation with an enzyme preparation, Polymyxin Acylase, gave deacyl brevistinic acid . Cleavage reaction with N-bromosuccinimide, sequential analysis by EDMAN degradation and some additional evidences clarified the total structure of brevistin. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1976 Apr, 29(4), 375 - 9 Isolation of brevistin, a new peptide antibiotic . Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus . IX; Shoji J et al.; A new peptide antibiotic, brevistin, was isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus brevis 342-14 . Brevistin is an acylpeptide with an approximate empirical formula of C63H91N15O18 containing aspartic acid, threonine, glycine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid . The antibiotic is soluble in acid and alkaline water . Its hydrochloride is soluble in methanol . Brevistin is active against Ggam-positive bacteria in vitro and in vivo, and is of low toxicity to mice. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1976 Apr, 29(4), 366 - 74 Isolation of three new antibiotics, thiocillins I, II and III, related to micrococcin P . Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus . VIII; Shoji J et al.; Thiocillins I and II were isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus cereus G-15, and thiocillins II and III from that of Bacillus badius AR-91 . Also, the former two were probably produced by Bacillus megatherium I-13 . These antibiotics active against Gram-positive bacteria are soluble in a mixture of chloroform and methanol, show characteristic ultraviolet absorptions (maxima at ca . 275 nm and ca . 348 nm), and contain a high content of sulfur, as much as approximately 15% . They are related to each other and also to micrococcin P, but differentiated by chromatographic behaviours. Can J Microbiol, 1976 Apr, 22(4), 583 - 6 Response of Bacillus thuringiensis to bacteriophage CP-51; Van Tassel RL et al.; Bacteriophage CP-51, a transducing phage of Bacillus cereus was able to replicate on all eight varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis tested . Three general plaque types were observed on each strain although one type predominated on each strain . The plaque size was uniform for each strain regardless of plaque type . The bacterial strain used as source of the phage had no effect on plaque type or size found on any host strain . CP-51 was stable in infected spores of B . thuringiensis var . kurstaki for at least 305 days even though most of the spores had lost refractility . Free phage paricles produced in B . thuringiensis were stable for at least 10 days in broth at 14 degrees C but were very unstable at 4 degrees C. Lepr India, 1976 Apr, 48(2), 119 - 31 Acid-fast bacillary positivity in asymptomatic individuals in leprosy endemic villages around Jhalda in West Bengal; Chatterjee BR et al.; Three general surveys of a village population of 7000 in a highly endemic area in Purulia District, West Bengal, have included clinical examination and earlobe skin snip examinations . Multiple between-survey follow-up examinations have also been conducted of both bacillary positives and cases . In the general population 5.8% of the individuals showed bacteriological positivity with a concentration technique for AFB without showing clinical signs of infection . During two years of observation clinical leprosy was diagnosed in 13.6% of bacillary positives, in 4.8% of nuclear family contacts of clinical cases and 2.3% of the rest of the general population of the villages. Cancer Res, 1976 Apr, 36(4), 1233 - 7 The effect of Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) on macrophage random migration, chemotaxis, and pinocytosis; Poplack DG et al.; Macrophage random migration, chemotactic responsiveness, and pinocytosis were studied in the guinea pig after Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) administration . Oil-induced peritoneal exudate cells were evaluated for random migration and chemotaxis in modified Boyden chambers . Pinocytosis was measured by the in vitro uptake of colloidal 198Au . There was a parallel increase in random migration and chemotaxis after an i.p . dose of 1.0 X 10(7) COLONY-FORMING UNIts of BCG . This was seen as early as Day 4, sustained through Day 21, and absent by Day 44 . A number of different strains and preparations of BCG vaccine exerted a similar augmentation of macrophage mobility . In parallel assays, aliquots of macrophages from BCG-treated animals showed increased pinocytosis, first noted at Day 14, peaking at Day 28, and no longer measurable at Day 44 . These alterations in macrophage function following BCG administration may in part contribute to the antitumor effect of BCG adjuvant therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1976 Apr, 113(4), 457 - 64 Immune status in lung cancer: effects of BCG immunotherapy; Gross NJ et al.; Immunotherapy with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was administered according to a standard regimen to 23 patients with primary lung cancer who had completed conventional treatment, including surgery and/or radiation therapy . Five additional patients did not receive BCG . Skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte studies were performed serially at intervals for 12 months or until death . The aggregate of skin responses to nonmycobacterial antigens and lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and recall antigens increased only in the group of 7 patients with no clinically evident disease 12 months after the start of BCG administration . The group of 5 patients who did not receive BCG, but who remained clinically disease free, did not experience immunoenhancement, nor did BCG-treated patients with residual or recurrent malignancy . Patients who had received radiation therapy before BCG also did not experience immunoenhancement, but these patients also had recurrent or persistent disease . Enhancement of certain aspects of the immune response to within 1 SD of the response of a group of subjects with nonmalignant pulmonary disease was prognostic of a favorable clinical outcome at 12 months. Jpn J Microbiol, 1976 Apr, 20(2), 109 - 14 Immunochemical studies on bacterial blood group substances . VIII . The structure of oligosaccharides from blood group H-active polysaccharide of Escherichia coli 2B-V; Kishi K et al.; Blood group H-active polysaccharide has been prepared from "smooth" strain Escherichia coli 2B-V by Freeman's method, alpha-Fucosidase derived from Bacillus fluminans caused the liberation of fucose from this polysaccharide, together with concomitant loss of blood group H activity . The results of quantitative microanalysis, borohydride reduction, the Morgan-Elson reaction and enzymic hydrolysis with betagalactosidase using isolated oligosaccharides obtained by partial acid hydrolysis indicated that the O-specific side chain of the polysaccharide has a pentassaccharide unit which is beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAc-(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAc-Fuc with a D-glucose residue bound at some undetermined point on this structure . It was considered that terminal non-reducing fucose of the polysaccharide was liberated by partial acid hydrolysis. Mol Gen Genet, 1976 Mar 30, 144(3), 273 - 80 Surface topography of the Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosome; Miller HM et al.; The surface topography of the intact 70S ribosomes and free 30S and 50S subunits from Bacillus stearothermophilus strain 2184 was investigated by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination . Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was employed to separate ribosomal proteins for analysis of their reactivity . Free 50S subunits incorporated about 18% more 125I than did 50S subunits derived from 70S ribosomes, whereas, free 30S subunits and 30S subunits derived from 70S ribosomes incorporated similar amounts of 125I . Iodinated 70S ribosomes and subunits retained 62-78% of the protein synthesis activity of untreated particles and sedimentation profiles showed no gross conformational changes due to iodination . The proteins most reactive to enzymatic iodination were S4, S7, S10 and Sa of the small subunit and L2, L4, L5/9, L6 and L36 of the large subunit . Proteins S2, S3, S7, S13, Sa, L5/9, L10, L11 and L24/25 were labeled substantially more in the free subunits than in the 70S ribosome . Other proteins, including S5, S9, S12, S15/16, S18 and L36 were more extensively iodinated in the 70S ribosomes than in the free subunits . The locations of tyrosine residues in some homologous ribosomal proteins from B . stearothermophilus and E . coli are compared. Med J Aust, 1976 Mar 20, 1(12), 401 - 2 Hypertrophic colonic tuberculosis; Thomas WM et al.; A patient who has suffered from hypertrophic colonic tuberculosis caused by the human strain of tubercule bacillus is presented . Despite being an uncommon presentation of tuberculosis, it is of more than academic interest to surgeons practising in tropical countries. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1976 Mar 18, 427(1), 285 - 94 Chemical and physical properties of peptidoglutaminase I and II from Bacillus circulans; Kikuchi M et al.; Some chemical and physical properties of Peptidoglutaminase I and II have been determined . For example, molecular weight, isoelectric point, intrinsic viscosity, partial specific volume, sedimentation and diffusion coefficient were 89 000 and 105 000, pH = 4.1 and 4.0, 0.042 and 0.065 dl/g, 0.733 and 0.728 ml/g, 5.85 and 5.3 S, 5.32 and 4.57-10(-7) cm2-s-1, respectively . Their amino acid compositions were also determined . Between them, peptidoglutaminanse II was a glycoprotein containing 2 mol of galactose and 11 mol of glucosamine per mol of enzyme . Both enzyme molecules were composed of two subunits with an equal molecular weight . N-terminal amino acids for peptidoglutaminase I were phenylalanine and valine, and leucine for peptidoglutaminase II . Both proteins were immunologically different from each other. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1976 Mar 18, 427(1), 471 - 4 Amino acid sequence homology in 30 S ribosomal protein S19 from Bacillus stearothermophilus and Escherichia coli; Vassos A et al.; The amino therminal sequence of 30 S ribosomal protein S19 from Bacillus stearothermophilus has been determined . Comparison with the corresponding ribosomal protein from Escherichia coli reveals substantial sequence homology in the first thirty residues and provides further evidence for conservation of genetic information which specifies the primary structure of ribosomal proteins in these taxonomically dissimilar organisms. Eur J Biochem, 1976 Mar 16, 63(1), 121 - 30 Lysis of yeast cell walls . Lytic beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucanases from Bacillus circulans WL-12; Rombouts FM et al.; Bacillus circulans WL-12 when grown in a mineral medium with yeast cell walls or yeast glucan as the soli carbon source, produced five beta-glucanases . Two beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucanases (I and II), which are lytic to yeast cell walls, were isolated from the culture liquid by batch adsorption on yeast glucan, and separated by chromatography on hydroxylapatite . Lytic beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucanase I was further purified by carboxymethylcellulose chromatography . The specific activity of lytic beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucanase I on laminarin was 4.1 U per mg of protein . The enzyme moved as a single protein with a molecular weight of 40000 during sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoresis in slab gels . It was specific for the beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucosidic bond but the enzyme did not hydrolyze laminaribiose . Hydrolysis of laminarin went through a series of oligosaccharides, and laminaribiose and glucose accumulated till the end of the reaction . A small amount of gentibiose was also produced from laminarin . Products from yeast cell walls and yeast glucan included laminaripentaose, laminaritriose, laminaribiose, glucose and gentiobiose, but no laminaritetraose was detected . This glucanase has an optimum pH of 5.5. Eur J Biochem, 1976 Mar 16, 63(1), 109 - 20 Lysis of yeast cell walls . Lytic beta-(1 leads to 6)-glucanase from Bacillus circulans WL-12; Rombouts FM et al.; When grown in a mineral medium with yeast cell walls or yeast glucan as the sole carbon source, Bacillus circulans WL-12 produces wall-lytic enzymes in addition to non-lytic beta-(1 leads to 3) and beta-(1 leads to 6)-glucananases . The lytic enzymes were isolated from the culture liquid by adsorption on insoluble yeast glucan in batch operation . After digestion of the glucan, the mixture of enzymes was chromatographed on hydroxylapatite on which the lytic activity could be resolved into one lytic beta-(1 leads to 6)glucanase and two lytic beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucanase was further purified by chromatography over diethylamino-ehtyl-agarose and carboxymethyl cellulose . Its specific activity on pustulan was 6.2 units per mg of protein . The enzyme moved as a single protein with a molecular weight of 54000 during sodium dodecylsulphate electrophoresis in slab gels . Hydrolysis of pustulan went thorugh a series of oligosaccharides, leading to a mixture of gentiotriose, gentiobiose and glucose . The enzyme also produced small amounts of gentiobiose from laminarin and pachyman and on this basis its lytic activity on yeast cell walls,was attribut beta-(1 leads to 3)-linked oligosaccharides were not detected . The lytic beta-(1 leads to 6)-glucanase has an optimum pH of 6.0 . Pustulan hydrolysis followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics . A Km of 0.29 mg pustulan per ml and a V of 9.1 micro-equivalents of glucose released/min per mg of enzyme were calculated . The enzyme has no metal ion requirement . The lytic beta-(1 leads to 6)-glucanase differs in essence from the non-lytic beta-(1 leads to 6)-glucanase of the same organism by its positive action on yeast cell walls and yeast glucan and its much lower specific activity on soluble pustulan. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1976 Mar 12, 423(3), 573 - 85 {Study of the mechanism of the effect of extracellular pH on the synthesis of the oxidative complex (cytochrome a+a3) of Bacillus coagulans: relationship to the "glucose effect" and role of excreted coproporphyrin III (author's transl)}; Frade R et al.; During the "respiratory adaptation" of Bacillus coagulans, it was possible to dissociate the kinetics of cytochrome a and a3 synthesis with carbon monoxide . The synthesis of cytochrome a3 is preferentially repressed when the pH of the incubation medium is pH 6.5 instead of pH 5.5 . However, though the total synthesis of tetrapyrrole compounds is the same at both pH values, the excretion of coproporphyrin III is much increased at pH 6.5 . Bacillus coagulans, sensitive to the "glucose effect", shows the "pH effect" only in the presence of high glucose concentrations . The repression of the oxidase complex synthesis by a slight increase of the extracellular pH appears directly related to the increase of the extracellular coproporphyrin III. J Biol Chem, 1976 Mar 10, 251(5), 1493 - 9 Conditional spore cortex-less mutants of Bacillus sphaericus 9602; Imae Y et al.; Lysine-requiring mutants of Bacillus sphaericus 9602 were isolated and classified into three groups by their mutation site in the pathway of lysine biosynthesis . The Group I mutant lacks meso-alpha, epsilon-diaminopimelic acid (meso-Dap) decarboxylase activity, but Group II and III mutants have a normal level of Dap decarboxylase activity . A Group II mutant makes dipicolinic acid from an intermediate in the lysine pathway, but Group III mutants do not . In the absence of meso-Dap in the culture, muramic lactam content in the spore cortex of Group II and III mutants is very low, compared to the wild type content . Addition of meso-Dap to the culture causes an increase of muramic lactam content . Since meso-Dap is detectable only in the spore cortex of B . sphaericus 9602, almost all of the muramic lactam in the spore is probably also located in the cortex . Group I mutants grown in the presence of L-lysine sporulate normally . Group II and III mutants produce oval and nonrefractile spores under the same conditions but the addition of meso-Dap to the culture results in the production of round and refractile spores . Thus, the presence of cortex in the spore is essential to give the round and refractile spores in B . sphaericus . The presence of cortex is also required for the accumulation of dipicolinic acid in the sporulating cells . Furthermore, 1-octanol resistance of the spore depends only on the presence of cortex but both cortex and dipicolinic acid are required for heat resistance of the spore. Biochemistry, 1976 Mar 9, 15(5), 989 - 95 Lipoteichoic acid from Bacillus licheniformis 6346 MH-1 . Comparative studies on the lipid portion of the lipoteichoic acid and the membrane glycolipid; Button D et al.; A lipoteichoic acid and a membrane glycolipid were isolated from Bacillus licheniformis 6346 MH-1 . The fatty acid composition of the two preparations were similar . Most of the fatty acids were of the branched chain type . The glycolipid was shown to be a diacyl derivative of O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-glycerol . The lipoteichoic acid contained lipid, polyglycerol phosphate, and glucosamine . The lipid was released by treatment with hydrofluoric acid and by hydrolysis in dilute acid and was shown to have a structure identical with that of the membrane glycolipid. C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D, 1976 Mar 8, 282(10), 1063 - 6 {Characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner mutants, resistant to tetracycline, having retained or lost the ability to sporulate}; Fargette F et al.; Quantitative analysis of extracellular protease, NADH-oxydase and glucose-deshydrogenase show that, from two mutants selected by their oxytetracycline resistance, one sporulates better than the parent strain, the other, which sporulates at 10(-5), has a stable extracellular protease activity and appears to be blocked at stage O-I. C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D, 1976 Mar 8, 282(10), 1021 - 4 {Role of phagocytosis and soluble antibacterial factors in experimental immunization of Locusta migratoria}; Hoffmann D; Last instar larvae of Locusta migratoria can be protected ("vaccinated") against lethal doses of Bacillus thuringiensis by previous injections of low doses of this pathogen . If iron saccharate is injected in to larvae prior to the administration of the "vaccinating" dose of Bacillus thuringiensis, no antibacterial protection can be induced . Injection of iron saccharate in to "vaccinated" larvae does not interfere with the induced protection; such larvae resist lethal doses. J Pharm Sci, 1976 Mar, 65(3), 339 - 43 Mechanism of action of BCG vaccine on neoplastic proliferation and host immune responses; Hakim AA et al.; BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccine, Tice strain, caused a threefold increase in spleen weight of normal animals and a fourfold increase in spleen weight of sarcoma-bearing mice . In the latter group, the BCG vaccine caused infiltration of the sarcoma cells into the peritoneum and tumor metastasis in the spleen . Spleen lymphocytes from mice immunized with neuraminidase-treated sarcoma or from mice that had overcome an inoculum (100 cells) and a challenge (10(4) cells) of sarcoma P-1798 were cytotoxic against 51 Cr- or 14C-2-thymidine-labeled sarcoma cells . The serum of these mice enhanced the cytotoxic activity and inhibited the migration of the syngeneic lymphocytes . These serums also inhibited the migration of peritoneal macrophages from guinea pigs immunized with the sarcoma cells . BCG vaccine enhanced the development and growth of sarcoma P-1798; i.e., 50-100 viable sarcoma cells produced solid tumors in 8% of the untreated animals but in 100% of the BCG-treated animals . The serum of BCG-treated sarcoma-bearing animals inhibited the spleen lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic action . The spleen lymphocytes from the BCG-treated sarcoma-bearing animals had no effect against 51Cr- or 14C-2-thymidine-labelled sarcoma cells . The data indicate that the serum from BCG-treated sarcoma-bearing animals blocks the spleen lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic activities directed against proliferation and growth of the sarcoma. Can J Microbiol, 1976 Mar, 22(3), 390 - 3 Selection of synchronous bacterial cultures by density sedimentation; Baldwin WW et al.; A procedure previously used to select synchronous cultures of Chlorella was found to produce similar results with the bacterium Lineola longa (Bacillus macroides) . A midlog culture of L . longa was layered onto a 31-42% dialyzed Ficoll gradient and ceitruged at 51 000 3 g . The culture sedimented into a broad band in 30 min . Continued centrifugation failed to cause further migration . Cells taken from the top of the band and reinoculated into the broth in which they had previously grown, pH adjusted to 7.0, grew without a lag, doubled in optical density at the same rate as midlog cultures, and divided synchronously . Coulter counter sizing of these cells showed a doubling in volume just before division followed by a halving of volume after division . The major advantages of this method are the low osmolarity of Ficoll and the large volume of cells that can be separated. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 1976 Mar, 142(3), 363 - 8 Immunostimulation with intraperitoneally administered bacille Calmette Guérin for advanced malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract; Falk RE et al.; Thirty-five patients with advanced malignant tumors of the stomach, pancreas, biliary tract or colon were treated intraperitoneally with bacille Calmette Guerin and, subsequently, were given orally booster doses of bacille Calmette Guerin and one of two schedules of cytotoxic drugs . Patients with all types of tumors responded, but this was most marked in patients with metastases to the liver from primary carcinoma of the colon. Br J Oral Surg, 1976 Mar, 13(3), 271 - 7 Reddening of the upper central incisors associated with periapical granuloma in lepromatous leprosy; Rendall JR et al.; Four years after starting treatment for lepromatous leprosy in England a male Pakistani aged 26 was found to have red discoloration of the upper central incisor teeth . A radiograph suggested periapical abscess on the right with haziness in a corresponding area on the left . Right apicectomy was performed with removal of a solid mass attached to the apex, sections revealing a lepromatous infiltrate with acid-fast fragments of Mycobacterium leprae in the cytoplasm of foamy macrophages . Clinical and archaeological evidence for the frequent involvement of these teeth in lepromatous leprosy is reviewed . The upper incisor area is relatively cool, a factor which may be of critical importance for the lodgement and multiplication of this bacillus, as it is in other body sites in lepromatous leprosy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1976 Mar, 73(3), 767 - 70 Lack of ribosomal protein S1 in Bacillus stearothermophilus; Isono K et al.; The 30S ribosomal subunit of Bacillus stearothermophilus migrated as a single band when electrophoresed on agarose-acrylamide composite gels . The addition of the ribosomal protein S1 purified from Escherichia coli resulted in the appearance of an additional band migrating more slowly; 14C-labeled S1 of E . coli was shown to be associated only with this form . Antibody against E . coli protein S1 did not crossreact with either the total 30S ribosomal proteins or the postribosomal supernatant from B . stearothermophilus . These results indicate that B . stearothermophilus lacks a protein equivalent to E . coli S1 and may explain our previous finding {Eur . J . Biochem . 56, 15-22 (1975) that E . coli S1 greatly stimulated the translation by B . stearothermophilus ribosomes of f2 phage RNA. Parazitologiia, 1976 Mar-Apr, 10(3), 222 - 6 {Pathological changes in fleas caused by the action of Bacillus thuringiensis exotoxin}; Prokop'ev VN et al.; Pathogenic effect of the crystalline exotoxine of Bacillus thuringiensis on the larvae of fleas was investigated . Deformities and changes in the functions of organs and tissues caused by the exotoxin in larvae and imago developed from the latter result in the premature death of the individuals (to 100%) or in the sterility of the remaining fleas. Biochem J, 1976 Mar 1, 153(3), 551 - 60 Metal-replacement studies in Bacillus stearothermophilus aldolase and a comparison of the mechanisms of class I and class II aldolases; Hill HA et al.; A comparison of the product-inhibition patterns during cleavage of D-fructose 1,6-diphosphate by aldolases from yeast, rabbit muscle and Bacillus stearothermophilus shows an ordered reaction sequence for all three enzymes, with dihydroxyacetone phosphate the last-leaving product . Addition of Zn2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ or Cd2+ ions to the inactive apo-(Bacillus stearothermophilus aldolase) restores activity to different extents, whereas Ni2+, Mg2+ or Cu2+ ions have no effect . The cleavage activity of this aldolase is not enhanced by added K+ ion . The effects of metal replacement on thermal stability, Km and Vmax . are given and the possible role of the metal is discussed in the light of these results. Mikrobiologiia, 1976 Mar-Apr, 45(2), 259 - 65 {Amino acid regulation of L-asparaginase formation in Bacillus mesentericus}; Tiul'panova ES et al.; The role of amino acids in regulation of L-asparaginase formation was studied in Bacillus mesentericus 43A . Asparagic acid and, to a less extent, asparagine repress biosynthesis of the enzyme . Glutamic acid, glutamine, and other 15 studied amino acids, added separately at a concentration of 10 or 20 mM to the growing culture, have no effect on the activity of the enzyme . Addition of a combination of all 18 amino acids, each at a concentration of 4 mM, to the culture represses the activity by 64%; addition of an acid hydrolysate of lactoalbumin (10 g/litre) represses the activity of the enzyme by 80% . A mixture of amino acids without asparagic acid and asparagine also displays a strong repressing action . Amino acids formed from asparagic acid--lysine, methionine, and isoleucine--do not repress biosynthesis of the enzyme, neither together nor separately . Ammonium nitrogen also does not participate in regulation of asparaginase formation . The cumulative repressing action of amino acids is supposed to be manifested via the mechanism of catabolite repression. Mikrobiologiia, 1976 Mar-Apr, 45(2), 247 - 52 {Isolation, purification and several properties of the extracellular RNA-ase of Bacillus amylozyma}; Agliullina DG et al.; RNase has been isolated from the cultural broth of Bacillus amylozyma 9a . The dynamics of accumulation of this exocellular enzyme was studied during the growth of the bacterial population, and the optimal conditions for production of the RNase were determined . The enzyme was isolated and purified as follows: precipitation with ammonium sulphate, dialysis, thermal treatment of the enzyme solution, chromatography on DEAE- and CM-celluloses . The enzyme has been purified by 274 times; its specific activity is 3300 units . The preparation contains no DNase, PDEase, and PMEase . The following physical and chemical properties of the enzyme has been studied: molecular weight, thermostability, pH otimum, activation with metal ions. Forensic Sci, 1976 Mar-Apr, 7(2), 97 - 101 An autopsy case of food poisoning associated with Bacillus cereus; Takabe F et al.; An autopsy case of food poisoning probably caused by Bacillus cereus is presented . The patient was an 11-year-old boy who died about 15 hours after eating Chinese noodles . The main pathological features were acute nonspecific gastroenteritis and fatty degeneration of the heart and liver . Bacillus cereus was isolated and identified from the peritoneal exudate and intestinal contents . The cause of death is considered to be heart failure resulting from myocardial fatty degeneration. J Bacteriol, 1976 Mar, 125(3), 1172 - 9 Morphological study of the reversion to bacillary form, of Bacillus megaterium protoplasts; Hadlaczky G et al.; Protoplasts of Bacillus megaterium readily reverted to bacillary form in liquid media and when plated in a soft-agar layer onto the surface of appropriate agar media . Three phases of the reversion sequence could be differentiated by phase contrast microscopy: (i) increase in size of the individual protoplasts, (ii) non oriented division of the protoplasts and (iii) outgrowth of the bacillary forms . With time-lapse photomicrography, reversion sequences of single protoplasts were demonstrated. Eur J Immunol, 1976 Mar, 6(3), 163 - 7 Correlation of PPD and BCG-induced leukocyte migration inhibition, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity, lymphocyte transformation in vitro and humoral antibodies to PPD in man; Fleer A et al.; In a study of healthy human individuals a complete lack of correlation between the results of the agarose leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) test, using purified protein derivative (of tuberculin) (PPD) and Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) as antigens, and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity and lymphocyte transformation in vitro to PPD was found . There was a reasonable correlation between PPD- and BCG-induced LMI . Antibodies to PPD proved to have no influence on PPD-induced LMI . Purified polymorphonuclear leukocytes, whether derived from donors sensitive to PPD in the agarose LMI test or from nonsensitive donors, did not show migration inhibition to PPD . It was concluded that polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes need to be present simultaneously for migration inhibition of peripheral blood leukocytes by PPD . Furthermore, because a consistent relation with conventional parameters of cell-mediated immunity was lacking, it is doubtful whether the agarose LMI test can be considered as an alternative parameter of this kind of immunity. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1976 Mar, 56(3), 615 - 21 Spontaneous colon tumors in rats; Miwa M et al.; Twenty-eight cases of spontaneous colon tumors were found during autopsy of approximately 3,000 male W rats in our laboratories between 1968 and 1974 . Macroscopically, these tumors were multiple and localized in the proximal part of the colon . Many nodules protruded on the serosal surface; polypoid tumors protruding into the lumen were rare . Microscopically, hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps were observed in the mucous membrane of the colon . There was adenomatous downward growth into the submucosal layer, and tubular-type adenocarcinomas invaded all the coats of the colon wall . Structural atypism was frequent and slight cell atypism was also present . Invasive tumors sometimes had an inflammatory reaction, and bacterial growth was observed within the neoplastic glands in thionine-stained sections . Escherichia coli and a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus, which grew only with E . coli in vitro, were isolated . A cultured epithelial cell line was established from one colon tumor . After a primary tumor was transplanted intraperitoneally into young adult rats, a mass grew in the peritoneal cavity for 4 months . The tumor incidence seemed higher at different times in the animals examined. Jpn J Antibiot, 1976 Mar, 29(3), 256 - 63 {Further study on gentamicin in pediatrics (author's transl)}; Nakazawa S et al.; Gentamicin (GM) was intramuscularly injected to 16 children with various infectious disease (1 septicemia, 1 purulent meningitis, 4 bronchopneumonia, 1 pyothorax, 3 pyelonephritis, 2 acute cystitis and 4 RITTER'S dermatitis) . The results obtained are as follows: 1 . The excellent and good clinical results were noted in all patients except for an indeterminate case with bronchopneumonia because of the concomitant therapy with CEZ . The effective rate was 100.0% . This was possibly because of quite high susceptibility (See Article) of all isolates to gentamicin . 2 . Doses of GM were adjusted depending on the style of infectious diseases . The satisfactory clinical results were obtained in some cases by increasing its recommended dosage to about 5-8 mg per kg per day . 3 . No kidney dysfunction, liver dysfunction, the 8th cranial nerve damage, etc . were observed by administering 5 to 8 mg per kg per day for at maximum 18 days, in this clinical trial . 4 . It has been indicated in this clinical trial that GM is worthy to be used as a first-choice drug in chemotherapy of infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus, gram-negative bacillus, etc., especially in patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin and cephalosporin derivatives . However, further study would be required for the safety of increase in its dosage and duration of administration. Eur J Biochem, 1976 Mar 1, 62(3), 601 - 12 Succinylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus . A reactive threonine residue in the apoenzyme; Allen G et al.; 1 . Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from bacillus stearothermophilus can be extensively succinylated in the presence of substrates and coenzyme without appreciable loss of activity . 2 . The apoenzyme in the absence of substrates is rapidly inhibited by small amounts of succinic anhydride . NAD+, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and inorganic phosphate all afford protection from inhibition, and inhibition is slowly reversed in the presence of pyrophosphate at pH 8.5 . 3 . Kinetic and spectral studies have shown that the specific inhibition is associated with the succinylation of the aliphatic hydroxyl group of a serine or threonine residue . 4 . The residue specifically succinylated has been identified as one of the two threonine residues, most probably Thr-150, adjacent to the activ-site cysteine residue in the primary structure . Its unusual reactivity is discussed in relation to the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme . 5 . A second residue, a lysine homologous with Lys-212 in the pig muscle enzyme, can be succinylated in both holoenzyme and apoenzyme with no detectable effect upon the enzymic activity. Eur J Biochem, 1976 Feb 16, 62(2), 373 - 82 Elongation factor T from Bacillus stearothermophilus and Escherichia coli . Purification and some properties of EF-Tu and EF-Ts from Bacillus stearothermophilus; Wittinghofer A et al.; Homogeneous preparations of elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-Ts from Bacillus stearothermophilus have been obtained with specific activities of 20000 +/- 2000 and 500000 +/- 50000 units/mg, respectively . By dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the molecular weight of EF-Tu was found to be 49000 +/- 2000 and of EF-Ts 35500 +/- 1000 . Nucleotide-free EF-Tu was prepared by using ITP as a GDP-binding-site-directed analogue . EF-Tu was shown to contain two sulphydryl groups, one reacting fast and one slowly with N-ethylmaleimide and 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) under non-denaturing conditions . The same reagents were shown to react with the three sulphydryl groups of EF-Ts in the native state . The heat stabilities of EF-Tu and EF-Ts are reversed with respect to the Escherichia coli factors, EF-Tu being the more stable protein; even nucleotide-free EF-Tu is relatively stable with a half-life at room temperature of about 35 h. Biochemistry, 1976 Feb 10, 15(3), 606 - 9 A ribosome-independent, soluble stringent factor-like enzyme isolated from a Bacillus brevis; Sy J; A ribosome-independent synthesis of guanosine 5',3'-polyphosphates has been found in the soluble fraction of Bacillus brevis (ATCC 8185) extracts . The partially purified enzyme catalyzes the formation of both guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate and guanosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-diphosphate, does not require 20% methanol to stimulate the rate of reaction, and is not stimulated by complexing with ribosomes of either Escherichia coli or B . brevis . The B . brevis enzyme system is not inhibited by RNase A or thiostrepton, and is only slightly inhibited by tetracycline . The pyrophosphoryl donor specificity of the B . brevis enzyme is similar to that of the E . coli ribosome-stringent factor system. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1976 Feb 6, 419(3), 479 - 92 Correlation between changes in the membrane organization and susceptibility to phospholipase C attack induced by ATP depletion of rat erythrocytes; Gazitt Y et al.; About 20 and 43% of the total membrane phospholipids are hydrolized in fresh rat erythrocytes by treatment with phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus), or both sphingomyelinase and phospholipase C, respectively, without causing cell lysis . Treatment of ATP-depleted cells with phospholipase C alone results in 50% hydrolysis and extensive lysis . Depletion of ATP causes a marked increase in the aggregation of intramembranous particles accompanied by a similar increase in the smooth area between the particle clusters as revealed by the freeze-etch technique . Such changes are not induced by extensive phospholipid hydrolysis in absence of cell lysis in fresh cells . Based on these and additional data, it is suggested that the membrane phospholipid organization can be divided into 3 types: phospholipids exposed to phospholipase C; phospholipids protected against phospholipase C by presence of sphingomyelin; phospholipids which can be exposed following alteration of the proteinlipid interactions . Such alterations which might be induced by a variety of means, including ATP depletion, might result in clustering of intramembranous particles and increase of the free lipid bilayer phase of the membrane. Eur J Biochem, 1976 Feb 2, 62(1), 95 - 101 Inactivation of Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase by halogenated isoxazolylpenicillins; Strom R et al.; Upon preincubation with halogenated isoxazolyl-penicillins, the activity of Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase is decreased by a factor proportional to the inhibitor concentration . This inactivation, which concerns essentially the catalytic rate constant of the enzyme, occurs only at or above 37 degrees C with cloxacillin and dicloxacillin, and even at 25 degrees C with flucloxacillin . The dependence of the inactivation rate upon inhibitor concentration is consistent, in the former case, with the occurrence of a bimolecular reaction, and in the latter case, with a bimolecular process followed by a monomolecular step. Can J Microbiol, 1976 Feb, 22(2), 276 - 80 Degradation of homogentisate by strains of Bacillus and Moraxella; Crawford RL; The metabolic pathways whereby strains of Moraxella and Bacillus degrade homogentisate (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate) are delineated . The Moraxella (strain OA3) is shown to degrade homogentisate via the pathway previously described in liver: homogentisate is cleaved by a 1,2-dioxygenase (E.C 1.13.11.5) yielding maleylacetoacetate which is isomerized by a GSH-dependent isomerase to fumarylacetoacetate before hydrolysis to acetoacetate and fumarate . A strain of Bacillus (B11c) is shown to catabolize homogentisate via a previously undescribed version of the above sequence: homogentisate is cleaved by a 1,2-dioxygenase (E.C 1.13.11.5) yielding maleylacetoacetate which is hydrolyzed directly to acetoacetate and maleate. Cancer Res, 1976 Feb, 36(2 pt 2), 652 - 4 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination and cancer prevention: a critical review of the human experience; Hoover RN; Published studies of the cancer experiences of children vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in antituberculosis programs were reviewed and the strengths and weaknesses of each evaluated . There is little evidence that vaccination outside of the neonatal period is effective . If there is an effect of neonatal vaccination, it must convey only a small amount of "protection." Follow-up studies adequate to assess the long-term effects of such vaccination, particularly the risk of lymphoma, have not been done, and recent evidence indicates that such evaluation is warranted. J Bacteriol, 1976 Feb, 125(2), 689 - 97 Uric acid degradation by Bacillus fastidiosus strains; Bongaerts GP et al.; Seven Bacillus strains including one of the original Bacillus fastidiosus strains of Den Dooren de Jong could grow on urate, allantoin, and, except one, on allantoate . No growth could be detected on adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and on degradation products of allantoate . Some strains grew very slowly in complex media . The metabolic pathway from urate to glyoxylate involved uricase, S(+)-allantoinase, allantoate amidohydrolase, S(-)-ureidoglycolase, and, in some strains, urease. Surgery, 1976 Feb, 79(02), 202 - 8 Immunotherapy with neuraminidase-treated cells and bacillus Calmette-Guerin; Kollmorgen GM et al.; Experiments were designed to determine the effectiveness of active immunotherapy, both specific (neuraminidase-treated cells) and nonspecific {bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) organisms} in the L1210-BDF1 tumor-host system . Tumor burden was minimized with chemotherapy (1,3-bis-(20chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) prior to immunotherapy . The effectiveness of immunotherapy was dependent on the amount of drug used to minimize tumor burden . An interval 36 hours between chemotherapy and immunotherapy produced the maximum number of survivors . A single immunization with 10(4) neuraminidase-treated cells was superior to other single or multiple immunizations . BCG was most effective when mice were given 393 X 10(5) organisms . Beneficial effects of immunotherapy were observed only when immunizations were given by an intraperitoneal route . All mice cured of tumor developed tumor-specific immunity . The highest levels of immunity were observed in mice given both neuraminidase-treated cells and BCG organisms after chemotherapy. J Bacteriol, 1976 Feb, 125(2), 565 - 74 Transcriptional control of peptidoglycan precursor synthesis during sporulation in Bacillus sphaericus; Linnett PE et al.; Synthesis of enzymes functional in the synthesis of nucleotide precursors of peptidoglycan ceases upon initiation of sporulation in Bacillus sphaericus . During sporulation, two periods of synthesis of these enzymes occur . The first starts at spore septum formation and is conincident with forespore engulfment; it involves the synthesis of those enzymes required for making the precursor of vegetative-type peptidoglycan, including L-lysyl ligase but no mesodiaminopimelyl ligase . The second period occurs shortly before the appearance of cortex . It involves the synthesis of diaminopimelyl ligase and the other enzymes needed for making the precursor of cortical peptidoglycan, but not lysyl ligase . Both events are a consequence of derepression at the level of transcription . Neither period of synthesis occurs in asporogenous mutants whose morphological block is at the point of spore septum formation. Ann Microbiol (Paris), 1976 Feb-Mar, 127A(2), 317 - 21 {Search of some glycosidases in 22 species of (Bacillus) (author's transl)}; Lajudie J et al.; Disc-method has been applied in order to bring to light three enzymes: beta-xylosidase, alpha-fucosidase, and alpha-mannosidase in 22 species of Bacillus; an unequal distribution of those enzymes which may be applied to differential diagnosis of some species was so shown. J Clin Microbiol, 1976 Feb, 3(2), 81 - 5 Gas chromatographic characterization of mycobacteria: analysis of fatty acids and trifluoroacetylated whole-cell methanolysates; Larsson L et al.; Mycobacterium avium, M . bovis strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), M . kansasii, and M . tuberculosis were studied by gas-liquid chromatography . Methylated fatty acids of the mycobacterial lipids and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatives of whole-cell methanolysates were analyzed . Both the fatty acid and the TFA chromatograms showed reproducible differences between the various mycobacteria studied . Chromatograms from different strains of one and the same species showed negligible differences . Fatty acid methyl esters and TFA methyl glycosides are probably the main constituents of the TFA chromatograms . TFA derivatives are easily prepared and the method provides a potential tool for species indentification of mycobacteria. Cancer, 1976 Feb, 37(2), 988 - 91 Gas gangrene-like infection with Bacillus cereus in a lymphoma patient; Groschel D et al.; A patient with a diffuse histiocytic lymphoma developed an infection caused by Bacillus cereus during a period of induced granulocytopenia . A fulminant process resembling gas gangrene developed shortly after the accidental penetration by a small piece of metal into his right hand . Incision and drainage as well as antimicrobial therapy did not prevent the loss of the third, fourth and fifth fingers; however, localization and subsequent control of the infection was achieved concomitant with bone marrow recovery. Pathol Biol (Paris), 1976 Feb, 24(2), 97 - 8 {New opportunist infection due to a Bacillus . A case of bacteremia with Bacillus licheniformis}; Peloux Y et al.; The authors report a case of bacteriemia with Bacillus licheniformis in a pregnant woman with coagulation disorders (acute fib