J Virol, 1980 May, 34(2), 347 - 53 Bacteriophage phi W-14-infected Pseudomonas acidovorans synthesizes hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine triphosphate; Neuhard J et al.; The infection of Pseudomonas acidovorans with bacteriophage phi W-14 leads to the gradual disappearance of dTTP from the cells and to the appearance of hydroxymethy dUTP (hmdUTP) . Infected-cell contain dUMP hydroxymethylase and activities converting hmdUMP to humdUDP and hmdUTP . Hydroxymethylase appears immediately after infection, reaching a maximum 20 min later . Thymidylate synthase activity decreases to less than 10% of the preinfection level during the initial 40 min after infection . Newly replicated DNA contains 2 to 3% hydroxymethyluracil . Although uracil is released from newly replicated DNA by acid hydrolysis, uracil is not incorporated as such into phi W-14 DNA, and dUTP is not present in the acid-soluble pool of infected cells . It is concluded that the thymine and alpha-putrescinylthymine in phi W-14 DNA are formed from hydroxymethyluracil at the polynucleotide level and that an intermediate in one or both of these conversions is degraded to uracil by acid hydrolysis . The modification of hydroxymethyluracil is coupled tightly to replication. J Biochem (Tokyo), 1980 May, 87(5), 1439 - 48 L-Alloisocitrate dehydrogenase and oxalosuccinate decarboxylase from a Pseudomonas sp . utilizing L-alloisocitrate; Gomi K et al.; Two novel enzymes, NAD+-linked L-alloisocitrate (erythro-Ls-isocitrate) dehydrogenase and oxalosuccinate decarboxylase, were found and purified from a strain of Pseudomonas isolated as an L-alloisocitrate utilizing bacterium . The former enzyme catalyzes a reversible oxidation-reduction between L-alloisocitrate and oxalosuccinate which favors oxalosuccinate reduction . The latter enzyme catalyzes rapid decarboxylation of oxalosuccinate to alpha-ketoglutarate and CO2 . Both enzymes require no metals for their activities . Complete oxidative decarboxylation of L-alloisocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate occurs as a result of the sequential reactions catalyzed by these two enzymes . L-Alloisocitrate induces both enzymes in the growing pseudomonad. J Pediatr, 1980 May, 96(5), 814 - 9 Infections in leukemic children: a prospective analysis; Kosmidis HV et al.; A 28-month prospective study of 54 leukemic children was carried out to determine the incidence and type of infection associated with febrile episodes . Fever was caused by infections in 84 of 199 episodes (71%) . Two-thirds of the febrile episodes and 57% of the documented infections occurred when leukemic activity was demonstrable . However, only nine of 29 febrile episodes which occurred at the time of initial diagnosis of acute leukemia were due to infection . All serious bacterial infections occurred in children with absolute granulocyte counts less than 500/mm3 . Septicemia was responsible for seven of the 17 deaths which occurred during the period of observation . The five children with Pseudomonas infections were colonized 10 to 30 days before they developed their infection . The majority of viral infections occurred in patients in remission, and were principally caused by cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, or Epstein-Barr virus . With the exception of one patient who died with a complex infection (CMV and Pneumocystis carinii), the children in this study responded well to viral infections. J Virol, 1980 May, 34(2), 354 - 9 Synthesis of thymine and alpha-putrescinylthymine in bacteriophage phi W-14-infected Pseudomonas acidovorans; Maltman KL et al.; Host DNA synthesis stopped about 10 min after the infection of Pseudomonas acidovorans with bacteriophage phi W-14, but host DNA was not degraded to acid-soluble fragments . The synthesis of host but not of phage DNA was inhibited by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine . The nucleotide pools of infected cells did not contain dTTP, and infection resulted in the appearance of dTTPase activity . Although ornithine labeled the alpha-putrescinylthymine residues of phi W-14 DNA, ornithine-labeled nucleotides were not detected in infected cells . A new deoxynucleoside triphosphate did appear in infected cells, but it was not labeled by ornithine . It is concluded that the thymine and alpha-putrescinylthymine in phi W-14 DNA are synthesized at the polynucleotide level. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1980 Apr 25, 622(2), 370 - 4 The prosthetic group of methylamine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas AM1: evidence for a quinone structure; de Beer R et al.; The g-value and linewidth of ESR spectra of methylamine dehydrogenase (primary-amine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (deaminating) EC 1.4.99.-) and methanol dehydrogenase (alcohol:(acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.99.8) are very similar . This similarity is also reflected in electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) results, the coupling constants of two protons in one enzyme equalling those in the other . The presence of a third proton in the ENDOR spectrum of methylamine dehydrogenase suggests a different structure or a different kind of interaction which can be related to the finding that the resolved ROSTHETIC GROUP IS PROTEIN-BOUND . The bound prosthetic group has a high redox-potential, supporting the conclusion from the ESR and ENDOR results that it is a quinone derivative. Aust Vet J, 1980 Apr, 56(4), 192 - 3 Melioidosis in a galah (Cacatua roseicapilla); Thomas AD et al.; A second case of a natural infection of melioidosis in a native bird is described . Pseudomonas pseudomallei was isolated in pure culture from the liver, spleen and intestinal contents of a galah (Cacatua roseicapilla) . The case was characterised by focal granuloma formation, often associated with necrosis, in the brain, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys. Neurosurgery, 1980 Apr, 6(4), 433 - 5 Lower cranial nerve palsies due to Pseudomonas osteomyelitis of the skull base; Reynolds AF et al.; A patient with pseudomonas osteomyelitis of the base of the left posterior fossa is reported . His clinical course was one of progressive paresis of the left 8th, 10th, and 11th cranial nerves . There have been three prior reports of osteomyelitis of the base of the skull not in contiguity with an infected paranasal sinus . Our patient subsequently developed osteomyelitis in the 3rd to 5th cervical vertebrae. Biochem J, 1980 Apr 1, 187(1), 181 - 90 Substrate specificity and other properties of the inducible S3 secondary alkylsulphohydrolase purified from the detergent-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas C12B; Shaw DJ et al.; The inducible S3 secondary alkylsulphohydrolase of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas C12B was purified to homogeneity (683-fold from cell-free extracts by a combination of column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose . Sephadex G-100 and Blue Sepharose CL-6B . The enzyme has a molecular weight in the region of 40000--46000, and is active over a broad range of pH from 5 to 9, with maximum activity at pH 8.2 . The preferred substrates of the enzyme are the symmetrical secondary alkylsulphate esters such as heptan-4-yl sulphate and nonan-5-yl sulphate and the asymmetric secondary octyl and nonyl sulphate esters with the sulphate group attached to C-3 or C-4 . However, for each asymmetric ester, the L-isomer is much more readily hydrolysed than the D-isomer . This specificity is interpreted in terms of a three-point attachment of the substrate to the enzyme's active site . The alkyl chains on either side of the esterified carbon atom are bound in two separate sites, one of which can only accommodate alkyl chains of limited size . The third site binds the sulphate group . Enzymic hydrolysis of this group is accompanied by complete inversion of configuration at the asymmetric carbon atom . The implied cleavage of the C--O bond of the C--O--S ester linkage was confirmed by 18O-incorporation studies. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1980 Apr, (4), 87 - 90 {Postinfection immunity in melioidosis}; Iliukhin VI et al.; Experiments on the reinfection of laboratory animals with melioidosis revealed that guinea-pigs and white mice developed pronounced resistance to the disease, accompanied by the ojective signs of immunologic transformation (allergization, the presence of specific humoral antibodies, and increase in the phagocytic activity of the cells of the macrophage system) . In golden hamsters, highly sensitive to infection with Pseudomonas pseudomallei culture, the process of the "all or nothing" type occurs, and the degree of resistance depends on the fluctuations of the individual sensitivity level . No phenomena of immunologic transformation were observed in reinfected golden hamsters. Can J Microbiol, 1980 Apr, 26(4), 460 - 3 {Presence of Pseudomonas maltophilia in the rhizosphere of several cultivated plants}; Debette J et al.; Pseudomonas maltophilia has been identified in the rhizosphere of several cultured plants: cabbage, rape, mustard, corn, beet . In comparison with nonrhizospheric soil, all the rhizospheric samples analysed contain more of this Pseudomonas and the most important stimulation is supplied by cruciferous plants . The possible relation with greater amounts of sulphur-containing amino acids in root secretion is suggested. J Bacteriol, 1980 Apr, 142(1), 249 - 53 Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from the marine Pseudomonas sp . BAL-31; Vicuna R et al.; A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent DNA polymerase (DNA nucleotidyltransferase) was purified 3,000-fold from the marine Pseuodomonas sp . BAL-31 . The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated by glycerol gradient sedimentation to be 110,000 . The enzyme migrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels as a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 105,000 . An absolute requirement for divalent cation was satisfied by Mg2+ or Mn2+ at concentrations of 1 mM . Monovalent cations at concentrations higher than 50 mM showed an inhibitory effect . The polymerase activity was resistant to N-ethylmaleimide and showed a wide pH optimum. Eur J Biochem, 1980 Apr, 105(3), 461 - 9 On the number of steroid-binding sites of delta 5-3-oxosteroid isomerase; Penning TM et al.; The number of steroid-binding sites in delta 5-3-oxosteroid isomerase of Pseudomonas testosteroni (EC 5.3.3.1) has been determined from measurements of the red shift of the ultraviolet chromophore of 19-nortestosterone upon binding to the enzyme . The experiments include spectroscopic measurements when limiting concentrations of either 19-nortestosterone or isomerase are titrated with varying concentrations of the complementary ligand . Analysis of the results indicates one binding site per subunit (Mr 13 394) . Scatchard plots indicate a single family of equivalent binding sites . 5, 10-Secoestr-5-yne-3, 10, 17-trione is a suicide substrate of isomerase {Batzold & Robinson (1975) J . Am . Chem . Soc . 97, 2576} . The time course for inactivation of isomerase with an excess of 5, 10-seco{7-3H}estr-5-yne-3, 10, 17-trione was parallel to the covalent incorporation of steroid and gave a final stoichiometry of nearly one steroid molecule per subunit of enzyme . Alkylation of {14C} isomerase with excess of this 3H-labeled steroid followed by gel-filtration and dialysis gave an inactivated enzyme with a 3H/14C ratio that corresponds to one molecule of steroid bound per subunit; this stoichiometry was constant over a wide range of protein concentrations (0.1--10 mg/ml) . Diffusion of {3H}progesterone into hexagonal crystals of isomerase showed that at saturation one steroid molecule was bound per protomer . Taken together these findings strongly support the conclusion that one molecule of steroid is bound per subunit of isomerase both in solution and in the crystal state. J Gen Microbiol, 1980 Mar, 117(1), 81 - 7 Regulation of phenylalanine and tyrosine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aureofaciens ATCC 15926; Blumenstock E et al.; Association patterns and regulatory properties of chorismate mutase, prephenate dehydratase and prephenate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aureofaciens ATCC 15926 were studied . Prephenate dehydrogenase (molecular weight 95000) was separated by Sephadex G-100 chromatography from both the chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydratase I complex (molecular weight 75000) and from a second, low molecular weight prephenate dehydratase (prephenate dehydratase II; molecular weight 30000) . The chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydratase complex persisted after DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography . With the exception of prephenate dehydratase II, enzyme activities were influenced by endproducts . Chorismate mutase was competitively inhibited by L-phenylalanine (Ki=3.5 microM) . Prephenate dehydratase I was inhibited by L-phenylalanine (Ki=8 microM) and activated by L-tyrosine (Ka=5 microM) . Prephenate dehydrogenase was feedback-inhibited by L-tyrosine . Substrate saturation curves of chorismate mutase and of prephenate dehydratase II were hyperbolic with Km values of 0.31 mM for chorismate and 0.015 mM for prephenate, respectively . The substrate saturation curve of the complexed prephenate dehydratase I was sigmoid; a Km value of 0.18 mM was calculated for prephenate . Chorismate mutase, prephenate dehydratase and prephenate dehydrogenase were not repressed by aromatic amino acids. J Bacteriol, 1980 Mar, 141(3), 1052 - 4 Metabolism of naphthalene by pseudomonads: salicylaldehyde as the first possible inducer in the metabolic pathway; Connors MA et al.; Pseudomonas ATCC 17483 produced enzymes for naphthalene metabolism when growing in a medium containing succinate and naphthalene . Mutants for naphthalene metabolism produced by treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine were able to produce these enzymes only when the metabolic pathway was intact as far as salicylaldehyde, which was therefore identified as the first possible inducer. J Pharmacobiodyn, 1980 Mar, 3(3), 177 - 82 Antitumor activity of newly isolated antibiotics, 3-dichloromethylactinobolins; Okumoto T et al.; Three new antibiotics isolated from broth cultures of a Pseudomonas were evaluated for antitumor activity against murine leukemias L1210 and P388 . The antibiotic with the dichloromethyl group at the 3 position of actinobolin, an antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces, is the major product (Y-12278), and two analogs of Y-12278 are minor . When these antibiotics were administered i.p . on days 1 to 4 to mice bearing ascitic leukemias, the most effective was Y-12278, which increased the lifespan of mice implanted with leukemias L1210 and P388 by 88 and 110% over controls, respectively . On the same treatment schedule, less than 60% ILS (increase in lifespan) was obtained by oral and s.c . administration of Y-12278 to mice implanted i.p . with these leukemias, and by its i.p . injection to mice implanted i.c., i.v . and s.c . with leukemia L1210 . With i.p . administration of Y-12278, a single injection on day 1 only was less effective in increasing the lifespan of mice bearing ascitic leukemias L1210 and P388 than the prolonged treatment schedules such as daily on days 1 to 4 . Y-12278 administered i.p . on days 3 to 6 was shown to possess antitumor activity against i.p . implanted rat hepatomas . More than 200% ILS was seen in hepatomas AH44 and AH7974F. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1980 Mar, 17(3), 355 - 8 Purification and properties of a new beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas cepacia; Hirai K et al.; An inducible beta-lactamase was purified from a beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant strain (GN11164) of Pseudomonas cepacia . The purified enzyme preparation gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . The specific enzyme activity for the hydrolysis of cephalothin as a substrate was 314.5 U/mg of protein . The optimal pH was about 8.0, and the optimal temperature was 45 degrees C . The isoelectric point was 9.3, and the molecular weight was estimated to be about 22,000 to 24,000 from gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . The enzyme activity was inhibited by iodine, p-chloromercuribenzoate, clavulanic acid, CP 45899, and cloxacillin . The beta-lactamase showed a unique substrate profile by hydrolyzing most of the cephalosporins, including cefuroxime, cefotaxime (HR 756), ampicillin, and penicillin G, at a high rate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1980 Mar, 77(3), 1240 - 4 Chemical mechanisms for cytochrome P-450 hydroxylation: evidence for acylation of heme-bound dioxygen; Sligar SG et al.; Using isotopic tracer methods, we have shown that dihydrolipoic acid (2,3-thioctic acid) acylates the distal oxygen of ferrous oxygenated Pseudomonas cytochrome P-450, forming a transient acyl peroxide intermediate that facilitates oxygen-oxygen bond cleavage . Single-turnover studies with 18O2 indicate one oxygen-18 atom incorporated into the carboxylate group of lipoic acid for each oxygen-18 inserted into the substrate, camphor, forming the product, exo-5-hydroxycamphor . Such a branching ratio for label indicates that water is initially released from an unlageled position and illustrates that the general P-450 mixed-function oxidase stoichiometry generates H218O from 18O2 only after multiple-turnover equilibration with the acylating carboxylate oxygen . Formation of an acyl peroxide state is a natural intermediate in peracid, "oxene", or radical mechanisms for methylene carbone oxygenation. Arch Ophthalmol, 1980 Mar, 98(3), 473 - 4 Combined gentamicin-tobramycin-corticosteroid treatment . II . Effect on gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas keratitis; Smolin G et al.; In an experimental model of Pseudomonas keratitis produced by a gentamicin sulfate-resistant, tobramycin sulfate-sensitive strain of P aeruginosa, the results of two treatment regimens-(1) with gentamicin and tobramycin alone and (2) with gentamicin, tobramycin, and a steroid-were evaluated . All of the animals exhibited ultimately the same amount of corneal inflammation and corneal scarring . In the group receiving the antibiotic-steroid combination, the corneal lesions healed more slowly. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1980 Feb 14, 611(2), 390 - 3 Molecular weight of the undegraded polypeptide chain of Pseudomonas amyloderamosa isoamylase; Amemura A et al.; Crystalline isoamylase of Pseudomonas amyloderamosa was found to be contaminated with a trace of proteolytic enzyme . This contaminant digested the isoamylase under neutral or alkaline conditions, especially in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) . A reliable molecular weight of the enzyme was obtained by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration on Sepharose-6B in 6 M guanidine-hydrochloride after heat inactivation of the contaminant . The molecular weight of the undergraded polypeptide chain of the isoamylase was about 90 000 . The lower molecular weight and the subunit structure of the enzyme reported previously are incorrect. J Biol Chem, 1980 Feb 10, 255(3), 839 - 40 Substrate specificity of a proteolytic enzyme isolated from a mutant of Pseudomonas fragi; Drapeau GR; Previous studies have described the isolation of mutationally altered proteases in Pseudomonas fragi (Noreau, J., and Drapeau, G.R . (1979) J . Bacteriol, 140, 911-916 . In the present study, it is shown that one of these proteases cleaves specifically the peptide bonds on the NH2-terminal side of either aspartic acid or cysteic acid residues in oxidized ribonuclease . With myoglobin as the substrate, a similar specificity was observed except that only four out of the six aspartyl bonds present were hydrolyzed. J Virol, 1980 Feb, 33(2), 769 - 73 Semiconservative synthesis of single-stranded RNA by bacteriophage phi 6 RNA polymerase; Van Etten JL et al.; The RNA polymerase in the nucleocapsid of Pseudomonas phaseolicola bacteriophage phi 6 transcribed large, medium, and small single-stranded RNA from the viral double-stranded RNA genome by a semiconservative (displacement) mechanism . Approximately 23%, 63%, and 65% of the nucleocapsid particles in the assay mixture synthesized at least one round of large, medium, and small single-stranded RNA molecules, respectively . Some of these particles reinitiated synthesis such that an average of 1.5 large, 33 medium, and 24 small single-stranded RNAs were synthesized from each double-stranded RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1980 Feb, 77(2), 1010 - 4 Posttranslational modification of elongation factor 2 in diphtheria-toxin-resistant mutants of CHO-K1 cells; Moehring JM et al.; We have identified two types of mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells in which the unique ADP-ribose attachment site in elongation factor 2 (EF-2) is altered, thereby rendering them resistant to diphtheria and Pseudomonas toxins (TOXR) . The first is mutant in the gene for EF-2 and possesses a permanently altered, TOXR gene product . The second lacks a component of a posttranslational modification system that converts TOXR EF-2 to the toxin-sensitive (TOXS) state . We postulate that this modification system is involved in the conversion of a single histidine residue in EF-2 to the specific target of toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation, the novel amino acid X . We have designated the second type MOD- mutants . The missing of nonfunctional component in the MOD- mutants can be restored by hybridizing them with either normal TOXS cells or with EF-2 structural gene mutants . The TOXR EF-2 from MOD- mutants is also converted to toxin sensitivity in vitro by incubation with extracts of TOXS or EF-2 gene mutant cells in the presence of an energy-generating system . Our results demonstrate that EF-2 can be synthesized and released from ribosomes in a toxin-resistant form and then converted to toxin sensitivity by posttranslational modification. South Med J, 1980 Feb, 73(2), 146 - 9 Pseudomonas infections of the foot after puncture wounds; Green NE et al.; Evaluation of ten children with Pseudomonas bone and joint infections resulting from puncture wounds of the foot identified a definite pattern to sequelae . The longer the symptoms were present before adequate treatment was instituted the greater was the risk of bone and joint destruction along with the development of chronic osteomyelitis . The syndrome usually does not produce systemic signs, but the patterns is characteristic and should be considered after any puncture wound of the foot in which the symptoms worsen instead of improving with time. J Biol Chem, 1980 Jan 25, 255(2), 428 - 32 Studies on the kinetics and stoichiometry of inactivation of Pseudomonas omega-amino acid:pyruvate transaminase by gabaculine; Burnett G et al.; A homogeneous pyruvate-requiring omega-amino acid transaminase from Pseudomonas species F-126 has been examined for its behavior with gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) as omega-amino acid substrate and for its susceptibility to the cyclic dihydroaromatic GABA analogue, gabaculine, a known suicide substrate for alpha-ketoglutarate-requiring GABA transaminases (Biochemistry 16, 4604-4610, 1977) . One isomer of DL-gabaculine serves as a completely efficient titrant (no product molecules released) for this omega-amino acid transaminase by the anticipated mechanism of bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) derivitization . Stoichiometric titration with {2-3H}gabaculine reveals full inactivation at 0.45 labels/enzyme tetramer (see below), consistent with the subsequent demonstration that there is only 0.45 PLP molecule, bound as phenylhydrazine-titratable aldehyde form, per tetramer . Spectroscopic monitoring of inactivation also agrees with formation, on full inactivation, of 0.45 mol of m-anthranilyl-PNP adduct as the species quantitatively responsible for enzyme inactivation . Incubation of enzyme with excess PLP at 60 degrees C allows loading of enzyme with coenzyme to an average level of approximately 1 PLP/subunit, but even in this case activity is only increased up to 1.5-fold, and 1 to 1.5 molecules of gabaculine/tetramer cause complete inactivation . These data may indicate negative cooperativity between subunits. Z Allg Mikrobiol, 1980, 20(6), 399 - 404 Regulation of NAD+- and NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase in the obligate methylotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas W6; Hofmann KH et al.; Cell-free extracts of the obligate methanol-utilizing bacterium Pseudomonas W6 catalyze the oxydation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate in the presence of NAD+ and NADP+ . After electro-focusing of the crude extract of Pseudomonas W6 actually two distinct bands each of NAD+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+-IDH) and of NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+-IDH) could be observed . The NAD+-IDH was completely separated from the NADP+-IDH by employing DEAE ion exchange chromatography and further purified by affinity chromatography using Cibacron blue F 3G-A . The NAD+-IDH was inhibited by a high energy charge, whereas the NADP+-IDH was found to be independent of energy charge . Consequently the NAD+-IDH showed the control behaviour of an enzyme of an energy-generating sequence which, however, equally fulfils a catabolic and an anabolic function . With respect to the inhibition by reduced pyridine nucleotides and alpha-ketoglutarate differences between NAD+-IDH and NADP+-IDH were also found . Only the NADP+-linked enzyme exhibited a feedback inhibition by its reaction products alpha-ketoglutarate and NADPH . This control behaviour gives evidence for the biosynthetic function of the NADP+-IDH . These results confer an amphibolic character to the sequence from citrate to alpha-ketoglutarate in the incomplete citric-acid cycle of Pseudomonas W6. Vopr Virusol, 1980 Jan-Feb, (1), 93 - 5 {Infectivity of the DNA of PM-2 phage}; Bobkova AF et al.; The infectivity of PM-2 phage free DNA was studied versus competent cells of marine bacteria Pseudomonas Bal-31 depending on the time of incubation with the bacterial cells, on the DNA and calcium concentration in the solution . Optimal conditions for the infection are the following: DNA concentration about 3 microgram/ml, CaCl2 concentration 0.1 M, incubation time 20 min. J Gen Microbiol, 1980 Jan, 116(1), 133 - 41 Extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis by Pseudomonas NCIB 11264 . Studies on precursor-forming enzymes and factors affecting exopolysaccharide production by washed suspensions; Williams AG et al.; An assay was developed to measure the rate of exopolysaccharide formation by washed non-proliferating suspensions of Pseudomonas NCIB 11264 grown under a range of controlled environmental conditions . The specific activities of certain of the enzymes involved in the formation of the sugar nucleotide precursors of polysaccharide biosynthesis were also measured in steady-state populations . The level of enzyme activity did not reflect either the amount of extracellular polysaccharide produced or the rate at which glucose was incorporated into exopolysaccharide, which was dependent on medium composition, environmental factors, and the rate and stage of growth of the organism . The specific activities were not affected by either cultural conditions or the separate addition of actinomycin D and chloramphenicol, indicating a constitutive biosynthetic system. J Clin Microbiol, 1980 Jan, 11(1), 27 - 9 Cross-reaction to Legionella pneumophila antigen in sera with elevated titers to Pseudomonas pseudomallei; Klein GC; A significantly greater incidence (P less than 0.005) of Legionella pneumophila microagglutination titers greater than or equal to 32 was found in sera with elevated titers to Pseudomonas pseudomallei as compared with sera with negative titers for P . pseudomallei antibodies . The greater incidence of L . pneumophila titers in these sera suggests that L . pneumophila and P . pseudomallei share an antigen . The incidence of L . pneumophila microagglutination titers of greater than or equal to 32 in sera with elevated titers to Brucella abortus or Francisella tularensis is not statistically significant. J Bacteriol, 1980 Jan, 141(1), 74 - 80 Carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase from Pseudomonas carboxydovorans; Meyer O et al.; The enzyme carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase from CO autotrophically grown cells of Pseudomonas carboxydovorans strain OM5, was purified to homogeneity . The enzyme was obtained in 26% yield and was purified 36-fold . The enzyme was stable for at least 6 days, had a molecular weight of 230,000, gave a single protein and activity band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and was homogeneous by the criterion of sedimentation equilibrium . Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis revealed a single band of molecular weight 107,000 . Carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase did not catalyze reduction of pyridine or flavin nucleotides but catalyzed the oxidation of CO to CO2 in the presence of methylene blue, thionine, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, or pyocyanine under strictly anaerobic conditions . The visible spectrum revealed maxima at 405 and 470 nm . The millimolar extinction coefficients were 43.9 (405 nm) and 395.5 (275 nm), respectively . Absorption at 470 nm decreased in the presence of dithionite, and the spectrum was not affected by the substrate CO . Maximum reaction rates were found at pH 7.0 and 63 degrees C; temperature dependence followed the Arrhenius equation, with an activation energy (delta H degree) of 36.8 kJ/mol (8.8 kcal/mol) . The apparent Km was 53 microM for CO . The purified enzyme was incapable of oxidizing methane, methanol, or formaldehyde in the presence of methylene blue as electron acceptor. J Bacteriol, 1980 Jan, 141(1), 293 - 6 Bioconversion of m-hydroxybenzoate to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate by mutants of Pseudomonas testosteroni; Daumy GO et al.; Mutans of Pseudomonas testosteroni were isolated for their inability to grow on m-hydroxybenzoate as sole carbon source . These mutants hydroxylated m-hydroxybenzoate for form 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate in high yeilds . The bioconversion described in this report represents the first reported example of 3-hydroxybenzoate 2-hydroxylase activity. South Med J, 1980 Jan, 73(1), 75 - 7 Primary Pseudomonas pneumonia; Siebert WT et al.; We have described a patient who had primary Pseudomonas pneumonia, without evidence of an underlying disease state . Although uncommon, Pseudomonas pneumonia may occur in a normal host and should be treated, if the diagnosis is confirmed by appropriate Gram stain and culture of sputum. J Med, 1980, 11(4), 239 - 53 The prevention and management of device-related infection in infusion therapy; Maki DG; Thirty-three nosocomial outbreaks of infusion-related septicemia since 1965 have dramatically pointed up the microbiologic hazards of infusion therapy . At least 25,000 patients develop device-related septicemia in the United States each year, but the source of many of these bacteremias is never recognized . Most infusion-related septicemias, including those in hyperalimentation, originate from the device used for vascular access . Epidemics stem from infusate contaminated by Klebsielleae species or pseudomonads, either from a source in the hospital or in the manufacturing plant . Device-related infection in infusion therapy can be greatly prevented by scrupulous attention to local asepsis and by limiting the duration of cannulation of peripheral veins (less than or equal to 3 days) and arteries (less than or equal to 4 days). Mol Gen Genet, 1980, 180(2), 385 - 9 Assignment of viral proteins to the three double-stranded RNA segments of bacteriophage phi 6 genome: translation of phi 6 messenger RNAs transcribed in vitro; Emori Y et al.; Pseudomonas phaseolicola bacteriophage phi 6 has a double-stranded (ds) RNA genome in three segments (L, M, S) which can serve as templates for in vitro transcription by phi 6 nucleocapsid . Single-stranded (ss) RNA (l, m, s) synthesized in vitro functioned as messenger RNA of viral proteins in an Escherichia coli cell-free protein-synthesizing system . Each of the three ssRNA species was isolated in virtually pure form and translated, providing a means of determining the polypeptides encoded by each segment . From the analysis of polypeptide products by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, coding assignments of three dsRNA segments were established . The major structural proteins P8 and P9 were shown to be encoded by the S segment transcript (s) . The membrane proteins P3, P6, and P10 are encoded by the M segment transcript (m) . The nucleocapsid proteins P1, P4, and P7 are probably synthesized by the L-segment transcript (l), but there remained a possibility that P4 and P7 are encoded also by the M-segment transcript (m) . The nucleocapsid protein P2 was not synthesized in detectable amounts by transcripts of any segments in our experiments . This protein is known to be synthesized in small amounts in vivo . The lytic enzyme P5 could not be identified owing to the difficulty in separating P5 from products of the endogenous protein-synthesizing activity of E . coli extracts. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 1980, 96(3), 243 - 57 Electrophoretic mobility of PM2 DNA treated with ultimate chemical carcinogens or with ultraviolet light; Thielmann HW et al.; Superhelical DNA of the Pseudomonas phage PM2 was irradiated with UV-light or reacted with covalently binding carcinogens, such as 7-bromomethyl-benz{a}anthracene, (Ac)2ONFln, K-region epoxides, and alkylating agents . Migration velocity of the DNA products was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis . In gels of more than 1.3%-1.9% agarose, modified PM2 DNA exhibited a dose-(concentration-)dependent decrease of migration velocity . This phenomenon is probably due to a decrease in superhelix density which caused the compact DNA coil to assume eventually an open-circular conformation . Comparison of the extent of DNA modification with the decrease of migration velocity revealed that the superhelical structure sensitively reflected the chemical DNA alterations . DNA species exhibiting, in 1.6% agarose gels, a migration velocity of up to 30% of that of control DNA showed an increase of velocity in 0.4% agarose . Therefore, in 1.3%-1.9% agarose gels, the decrease os superhelix density is accompanied by an increase of the frictional coefficient, whereas in 0.4%-0.9% agarose gels the same decrease of superhelix density apparently led to a higher degree of flexibility of the macromolecule and/or exposure of additional electric charges. Z Allg Mikrobiol, 1980, 20(5), 325 - 33 A critical analysis of kinetic data of 3-hexulosephosphate synthases . Michaelis-Menten or complex characteristics; Muller R et al.; Investigations of the 3-hexulosephosphate synthase (HPS) from different methylotrophic bacteria have revealed apparent discrepancies in kinetic behaviour . In all methanol-utilizing species investigated by us the kinetic characteristics showed intermediary plateau regions . Therefore, this behaviour is assumed to be a general feature of the HPS from all non-methane-utilizing methylotrophic bacteria . However, this assumption is in contrast to the results of other authors . Both for Methylomonas M15 (SAHM et al . 1976) and Methylomonas aminofaciens 77a (KATO et al . 1977, 1978) MICHAELIS-MENTEN kinetics of the HPS were stated . To check the validity of our assumption we have analyzed the kinetic data given by others . Indications of the existence of intermediary plateau regions could be found with the enzyme from Arthrobacter globiformis (BYKOVSKAYA and VORONKOV 1977) and Methylomonas aminofaciens 77a (KATO et al . 1978) . Furthermore, biphasic ARRHENIUS plots indicate a multiple character of the HPS from these species as could already be demonstrated with the enzyme from Bacterium MB 58 and Pseudomonas oleovorans . In addition, causes which may obscure the detection of intermediary plateau regions are demonstrated. J Gen Microbiol, 1980 Jan, 116(1), 213 - 23 Distribution of methanol carbon between assimilation and oxidation pathways in methanol-grown Pseudomonas C; Ben-Bassat A et al.; In Pseudomonas C, a facultative methylotrophic bacterium, methanol is assimilated via the 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) variant of the ribulose monophosphate (RMP) pathway of formaldehyde fixation . The oxidation of methanol to CO2 is accomplished by the direct oxidation pathway (which involves formic acid as an oxidation intermediate), via a cyclic oxidation pathway (glucose monophosphate shunt) and by other decarboxylation reactions . The distribution pattern of methanol carbon among the assimilation and the different oxidation pathways was studied by measuring the distribution between CO2 and cell constituents of 14C-labelled compounds after their injection into a culture growing on methanol in a chemostat . From these measurements, it was calculated that 25% of the methanol consumed by the cells was oxidized through formate to CO2, while the remainder was diverted into the hexulosephosphate synthase reaction from which 55% was assimilated through the KDPG reaction and 17% was oxidized to CO2 via a cyclic oxidation pathway and other decarboxylation reactions . The remaining 7% from the methanol carbon was re-incorporated as CO2 into cell material through carboxylation reactions. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil, 1980, 174(6), 1072 - 6 {Isolation and study of a bacteriophage of Pseudomonas testosteroni}; Talon D et al.; A virulent phage specific for Pseudomonas testosteroni is described . This phage have a regular icosahedral head (52 nm between opposite angles) and a contractile tail (165 X 8 nm) but no fibers on . The buoyant density is 1,51 +/- 0,01 g/ml . The nucleic acid is an desoxyribonucleic acid with a density of 1,696 +/- 0,03 g/ml and a GC% between 33,7 and 39,7. Mol Gen Genet, 1980, 178(2), 375 - 80 The use of plasmid R1162 and derivatives for gene cloning in the methanol-utilizing Pseudomonas AM1; Gautier F et al.; A physical map for plasmid R1162 (Sm, Su, IncP4) was constructed . Neither EcoRI, PstI nor EcaI cut within a region essential for replication, molbilization or streptomycin resistence . Plasmid R1162 can replicate in E . coli as well as in Pseudomonas species and shows a strong dependence for DNA polymerase I in E . coli . By RP4 induced mobilization, R1162 can be transferred from E . coli to Pseudomonas AM1 . A hybrid plasmid pFG7 (MW=8.4 x 10(6), Sm, Su, Ap, Tc) was constructed between pBR322 and R1162, which allows the selection of hybrid plasmids by insertional inactivation with the restriction enzymes HindIII, BamHI, SalI, ClaI . Transformation of E . coli SK1592 with Ecal-cut and ligated R1162-DNA and Pseudomonas AMI-DNA and subsequent mobilization of the hybrid plasmids into Pseudomonas AM1/M15a (methanol dehydrogenase-) led to the isolation of Pseudomonas AM1/M15a colonies, which could grow on methanol again . Back-conjugation into E . coli SK1592, subsequent mobilization studies and plasmid analysis suggests that the gene for Pseudomonas methanol dehydrogenase has been cloned in this vector. Biochem J, 1980 Jan 1, 185(1), 23 - 31 Purification and properties of the P2 primary alkylsulphohydrolase of the detergent-degrading bacterium pseudomonas C12B; Cloves JM et al.; The P2 primary alkylsulphohydrolase of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas C12B was purified to homogeneity (200-250-fold) by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-100 and butyl-agarose . The intact protein is a dimer with a mol . wt . of 160 000 . Activity towards primary alkyl sulphate esters was maximal at pH 8.3, varied little in the range pH 7.8-8.7, but decreased sharply at higher pH . For a homologous series of primary alkyl sulphate substrates (C6-C12), logKm decreased linearly with increasing chain length, corresponding to a contribution to the free energy of association between enzyme and substrate of -2.5kJ/mol for each additional CH2 group in the alkyl chain . logKi for the competitive inhibition by secondary alkyl 2-sulphate esters followed a similar pattern (-2.4kJ/mol for each additional CH2 group) except that only n-1 carbon atoms effectively participate in hydrophobic bonding, implying that the C-1 methyl group is not involved . logKi values for inhibition primary alkanesulphonates also depended linearly on chain length but with a diminished gradient, indicating a free-energy increment of -1.2kJ/mol per additional CH2 group . The collective results showed the presence of a hydrophobic site on the enzyme capable of accomodating an alkyl chain of considerable length . Cationic structures (in the form of arginine, lysine or histidine), whose presence might be expected for binding the anionic sulphate group, were not detectable at the active site. Biochem J, 1980 Jan 1, 185(1), 13 - 21 Specificity of P2 primary alkylsulphohydrolase induction in the detergent-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas C12B . Effects of alkanesulphonates, alkyl sulphates and other related compounds; Cloves JM et al.; Primary alkanesulphonates were shown to serve as non-metabolizable (gratuitous) inducers of the P2 primary alkylsulphohydrolase enzyme in resting cell suspensions of Pseudomonas C12B . The effects of increasing concentrations of inducer on the production of enzyme were complex and suggestive of a multiphasic phenomenon . However, it was possible to determine Kinducer constants (analogous to Km or Ki) for alkanesulphonates of chain length from C7 to c12 . these decreased with increasing chain length in a manner characteristic of an homologous series . Primary alkyl sulphates also served as good inducers of alkylsulphohydrolase, but valid kinetic values could not be obtained because these esters are good substrates for the enzyme and are therefore appreciably hydrolysed during the induction period . Small amounts of enzyme were also produced when cyprinol sulphate, dodecyltriethoxy sulphate C12H23-{O-CH2-CH2}3-O-SO3-Na+), Crag herbicide and some secondary alkyl sulphates were tested as inducers. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1979 Dec 14, 581(2), 325 - 33 Heme-linked properties of Pseudomonas cytochrome c peroxidase . Evidence for non-equivalence of the hemes; Ronnberg M et al.; Pseudomonas cytochrome c peroxidase contains two hemes, one of which is shown to be in low-spin and one in high-spin state . The ferric enzyme reveals absorption maxima at 640 and 705 nm . The alkaline transition of these bands indicates the sixth iron-binding ligand of the low-spin and high-spin heme to be, respectively, a methionyl residue and a water molecule . The high-spin heme reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form a ferryl structure, which is the reactive intermediate in the peroxidatic reaction . The ferrous enzyme binds carbon monoxide in a 1:1 molar ratio, whereas the ferric form is unreactive towards small anionic ligands like F- and CN- . On this basis the peroxidase may also be classified as a cytochrome cc'. J Biol Chem, 1979 Dec 10, 254(23), 11794 - 7 Isolation and reconstitution of two electron transfer components of tryptophan side chain oxidase; Ushiro H et al.; The isolation and reconstitution of two electron transfer components of tryptophan side chain oxidase from Pseudomonas (ATCC 29574) are described . The dehydrogenase component abstracts electrons from the substrate and transfers them to oxidation-reduction dyes such as potassium ferricyanide and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol but not to molecular oxygen . It is composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 72,000 and exhibits the absorption spectrum of a reduced b-type cytochrome with maxima at 563, 532, 433, 323, and 278 nm . The oxidase component transfers electrons, derived from the former component, to oxygen, and has a molecular weight of 48,000 . The absorption spectrum exhibits broad peaks at 680, 438, and 358 nm, and a peak at 280 nm . On sucrose gradient centrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, these two components are shown to form a molecular complex, which has the reconstituted oxidase activity . The turnover number of the reconstituted enzyme is comparable to that of the native enzyme. J Bacteriol, 1979 Dec, 140(3), 1126 - 8 Response of Pseudomonas cepacia to beta-Lactam antibiotics: utilization of penicillin G as the carbon source; Beckman W et al.; Pseudomonas cepacia utilized penicillin G as the sole source of carbon and energy . We report here an unexplained correlation between lysine auxotrophy and beta-lactamase deficiency, resulting in loss of capacity to utilize penicillin. J Biochem (Tokyo), 1979 Dec, 86(6), 1671 - 7 Isolation and identification of the reaction product of alpha-hydroxy-gamma-carboxymuconic epsilon-semialdehyde dehydrogenase; Maruyama K; The reaction product of enzymic dehydrogenation of alpha-hydroxy-gamma-carboxymuconic epsilon-semialdehyde (HCMS) was isolated . The analytical data (elemental analyses, IR spectra, mass spectra, proton NMR spectra, and UV spectra) showed that the product was not alpha-hydroxy-gamma-carboxymuconic acid (HCMA), the expected primary product of HCMS dehydrogenation, but a lactone of HCMA . The structure of the lactone was tentatively determined as alpha-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid . HCMS was converted stoichiometrically to the lactone by the purified NAD(P)-linked HCMS dehydrogenase . The lactone was actively metabolized by a cell-free extract prepared from Pseudomonas ochraceae grown on phthalic acid, suggesting that it may be a metabolic intermediate in the bacterial metabolism of protocatechuic acid . Furthermore, a method for the chemical synthesis of the lactose of HCMA is presented and some of its chemical and biochemical properties are described. J Bacteriol, 1979 Dec, 140(3), 1017 - 22 Resistance plasmids in Pseudomonas cepacia 4G9; Williams JA et al.; Pseudomonas cepacia 4G9 utilizes 2-tridecanone as its sole carbon source and has been shown to be resistant to a variety of antibiotics . To ascertain whether any of these characteristics were plasmid mediated, Escherichia coli HB101 was transformed with plasmid DNA isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia 4G9 . No 2-tridecanone-utilizing transformants were obtained . Tetracycline (Tc)- and ampicillin (Ap)- resistant transformants were obtained at a low frequency . Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from antibiotic-resistant E . coli HB101 transformants had molecular weights of 2.9 x 10(6) for pJW2 Tcr and 5.4 x 10(6) for pJW3 Apr as determined by electron microscopy . Electron microscopy of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from P . cepacia 4G9 revealed a single plasmid species, pJW1 of 1.78 x 10(6) . Tetracycline resistance in both P . cepacia 4G9 and E . coli HB101(pJW2) was inducible, whereas ampicillin resistance in P . cepacia 4G9 was constitutive . The level of ampicillin resistance coded by pJW3 was lower in P . cepacia 4G9 than in the transformant E . coli HB101(pJW3). J Bacteriol, 1979 Dec, 140(3), 911 - 6 Isolation and properties of the protease from the wild-type and mutant strains of Pseudomonas fragi; Noreau J et al.; A simplified procedure for the purification of the extracellular protease of Pseudomonas fragi was developed . The enzyme was isolated from a derepressed mutant producing 40 times the enzyme level of the parental organism . It was collected from culture filtrates by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and it was obtained in pure form by single chromatography on a column of diethylaminoethyl cellulose . The protease had a molecular weight of 52,000 as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and had properties of a classical neutral endopeptidase with the exception of its substrate specificity . Mutants of P . fragi producing proteases of altered substrate specificities were isolated from plates containing elastin as the sole carbon source . The SP-Sephadex elution patterns of enzymes extracted from each mutant examined were complex, suggesting that either the enzyme was autodigested or several active forms could be generated from a common precursor . The substrate specificities of the mutant enzymes were different from that produced by the parental strain. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1979 Nov 21, 575(2), 244 - 54 Polar lipids of Pseudomonas vesicularis . Presence of a heptosyldiacylglycerol; Wilkinson SG et al.; The individual polar lipids produced by Psuedomonas vesicularis NCTC 10 900 during surface culture have been isolated . The major lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, a phosphatidyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyldiacylglycerol, 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylglycerol . 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranuronosylglycerol, and 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O{beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 yields 4)-alpha-D-glucopyranuronosyl}glycerol . These are also the major polar lipids of Pseudomonas diminuta . Additional lipids present in P . vesicularis are unidentified carotenoids and a novel lipid characterised as 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-alpha-D-glycero-D-glucoheptopyranosylglycerol . A cis-octadecenoic acid and hexadecanoic acid are the major fatty acids: C15 and C17 acids are significant minor components . The fatty methyl ester fractions derived from three of the lipids (most notably the glucosyldiacylglycerol) contained substantial amounts of a compound with chromatographic properties resembling those of an octadecenoic ester: the identity and origin or this compound remained uncertain. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1979 Nov 9, 571(1), 120 - 6 Oxidation of L-glucose by a Pseudomonad; Sasajima KI et al.; A new enzyme, D-threo-aldolse dehydrogenase (2S,3R-aldose dehydrogenase), found in Pseudomonas caryophylli, was capable of oxidizing L-glucose L-xylose, D-arabinose, and L-fucose in the presence of NAD+ . The enzyme was synthesized constitutively and purified about 120-fold from D-glucose-grown cells . The Km values for L-glucose, L-xylose, D-arabinose, and L-fucose were 1.5 . 10(-2), 4.5 . 10(-3), 2.8 . 10(-3), and 2.1 . 10(-3), respectively . D-glucose and other aldoses inhibited the enzyme reaction; this inhibition was competitive with L-glucose as substrate and D-glucose as inhibitor . The optimum pH for the enzyme reaction was 10; the molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by gel filtration to be 7 . 10(4). Appl Environ Microbiol, 1979 Nov, 38(5), 783 - 8 Coexistence of different pathways in the metabolism of n-propylbenzene by Pseudomonas sp; Jigami Y et al.; Pseudomonas desmolytica S449B1 and Pseudomonas convexa S107B1 grown on n-propylbenzene oxidized n-propylbenzene to beta-phenylpropionic acid and benzoic acid by initial oxidation of the n-propyl side chain and the following beta-oxidation, respectively . The same strains also oxidized n-propylbenzene to 3-n-propylcatechol by initial oxidation of positions 2 and 3 of the aromatic nucleus . A ring fission product, 2-hydroxy-6-oxononanoic acid, was also isolated from the culture broth . Together with the results of oxygen uptake experiments, the data obtained suggested not only the existence of a reductive step to form 2-hydroxy-6-oxononanoic acid, but also the coexistence of two different pathways in the metabolism of n-propylbenzene by the strains used. Mikrobiologiia, 1979 Nov-Dec, 48(6), 1023 - 32 {Numerical systematics of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas}; Kiprianova EA et al.; In 290 strains of bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, 120 morphological and physiologo-biochemical characters were studied and the results obtained thereby were analyzed by the methods of numerical taxonomy using computers . The majority of strains were subdivided into 11 clusters: Ps . aeruginosa (1), Ps . putida (2), Ps . rathonis (5), Ps . syringae (8), Ps . pseudoalcaligenes (9), Ps . maltophilia (10), Ps . acidovorans (11), Ps . testosteroni (12), Ps . mendocina (13), Ps . cepacia (14), Ps . fluorescens (3) . The latter cluster included also the strains identified earlier as Ps . aurantiaca, Ps . lemonnieri, Ps . fluoro-violaceus, and Ps . aureofaciens . Three clusters contained strains which could not be identified and probably should be regarded as distinct species . The characteristics have been selected useful for diagnostics of the above Pseudomonas bacteria and the subgroups of Ps . fluorescens. Eur J Biochem, 1979 Nov, 101(2), 497 - 505 Glycosulphatase from Pseudomonas carrageenovora . Purification and some properties; McLean MW et al.; A glycosulphatase present in the soluble fraction of disrupted Pseudomonas carrageenovora has been purified 500-fold by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B . By dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the enzyme is practically homogeneous and has a molecular weight of 55 000 . Conditions of optimal sodium chloride concentration and pH at 25 degrees C were 0.25--0.50 mol dm-3 and pH 7.0 respectively . The purified enzyme was inhibited by inorganic phosphate . Preparation is described of neocarrabiose 4-O-{35S}sulphate and neocarratetraose 4-O-{35S}sulphate from labelled Chondrus crispus . The purified glycosulphatase is active against both these substrates although only one of the two sulphate esters in the tetrasaccharide is hydrolysed . Analysis of the reaction products was by gel filtration, electrophoresis and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy . The results are consistent with the products of desulphation being respectively neocarrabiose and neocarratetraose 4-O-monosulphate with the sulphate ester proximal to the reducing end {3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-D-galactose 4-O-sulphate}. Mikrobiologiia, 1979 Nov-Dec, 48(6), 989 - 93 {Phosphohydrolase activity of Pseudomonas maltophilia}; Treshchanina NA et al.; The activity of phosphohydrolase (acid, alkaline, pyrophosphatase) was studied in two strains of Pseudomonas maltophilia: VCM-B-591 and SSE-B-715 . The activity of these enzyme systems in these strains was found to be much higher than in other Pseudomonas species, viz . Ps . aeruginosa VCM-B-889, Ps . fluorescens VCM-B-553, Ps . geniculata SSE-B-338, and in E . coli B . The phosphohydrolase activity of Ps . maltophilia varied depending on the growth phase of the culture . The highest activity of acid phosphatase was registered in the middle of the exponential phase for the strain VCM-B-591 and at the beginning of this phase for the strain SSE-B-715 . The activity of alkaline phosphatase was maximal, for both of the strains VCM-B-591 and SSE-B-715, at the beginning of the logarithimic growth phase . The pyrophosphatase activity of the two strains had "two peaks" at the beginning and by the end of the logarithmic phase of growth . Incubation of Ps . maltophilia cells in media without orthophosphate did not result in an increase of their phosphohydrolase activity. Am J Ophthalmol, 1979 Nov, 88(5), 902 - 8 Treatment of Pseudomonas endophthalmitis associated with prosthetic intraocular lens implantation; Gerding DN et al.; Eight patients were treated for Pseudomonas endophthalmitis associated with the implantation of contaminated intraocular lenses . All patients showed clinical signs of infection (loss of red reflex, diminished visual acuity, and intraocular lens coagulum) and P . aeruginosa was isolated from vitreous aspirates and unused lenses of the same lot . Antibiotic treatment was initiated with systemic penicillin G, cephalothin, and chloramphenicol as well as subtenon-injected gentamicin . After identification of the organism, treatment was continued with systemic carbenicillin and gentamicin and subtenon-injected gentamicin . The intraocular lens was left in place for the first 48 hours of treatment in all eight patients . Five patients were successfully treated without removal of the intraocular lens and attained visual acuity of 6/6 (20/20) to 6/15 (20/50) . Three patients (the two most seriously infected and one in whom antibiotics were discontinued) eventually lost their infected eye . Vitreous concentrations of gentamicin were good in one patient (1.7 micrograms/ml) and undetectable in another . Carbenicillin concentrations in vitreous (96 and 140 micrograms/ml) were high in two patients sampled . Endophthalmitis in the presence of a prosthetic intraocular lens can be successfully treated in some patients without removal of the prosthesis. Am J Epidemiol, 1979 Oct, 110(4), 515 - 21 Isolation of Pseudomonas pseudomallei from clay layers at defined depths; Thomas AD et al.; Twelve strains of Pseudomonas pseudomallei were isolated from the soil and water of a sheep paddock over a two-year period . The organism was recovered from the clay layer of the soil profile as well as from water that seeps into this layer during the "wet" season . Five isolates were obtained before the commencement of the "wet" season; environmental factors appear to play an important role in the survival of Ps . pseudomallei during the "dry" season . Lower isolation rates were recorded than those indicated by workers in southeast Asia and Iran. J Bacteriol, 1979 Oct, 140(1), 240 - 5 Hydroxy amino acid metabolism in Pseudomonas cepacia: role of L-serine deaminase in dissimilation of serine, glycine, and threonine; Wong HC et al.; Growth of Pseudomonas cepacia (P . multivorans) on serine depended upon induction of a previously undescribed L-serine deaminase distinct from threonine deaminase . Formation of the enzyme was induced during growth on serine, glycine, or threonine . The induction pattern reflected a role of the enzyme in catabolism of these three amino acids . Both threonine and glycine supported growth of serine auxotrophs and were presumably converted to serine and pyruvate in the course of their degradation . Mutant strains deficient in serine deaminase, or unable to use pyruvate as a carbon source, failed to utilize serine or glycine and grew poorly with threonine, whereas strains deficient in threonine dehydrogenase or alpha-amino beta-ketobutyrate:coenzyme A ligase (which together convert threonine to glycine and acetyl coenzyme A) failed to utilize threonine or derepress serine deaminase in the presence of this amino acid . The results confirm for the first time the role of alpha-amin beta-ketobutyrate:coenzyme A ligase in threonine degradation and indicate that threonine does not mimic serine as an inducer of serine deaminase. J Trauma, 1979 Oct, 19(10), 765 - 7 Aspergillus infection of the burn wound; Stone HH et al.; During a 15-year period, 18 patients with major burns developed a wound infection due to Aspergillus . Ages averaged 28 years, extents of burn were 54% (14-97%) BSA for total surface involvement and 42% (14-85%) BSA for full-thickness injury . Pseudomonas sepsis preceded Aspergillus infection in 16 cases . Thirteen of the episodes occurred in three epidemics, each apparently related to contaminated air-conditioner ducts and filters . Treatment was based upon wound excision in all 18 patients, with recurrence initially in each . Topical and parenteral antifungal agents were never individually successful in controlling the infection . Whenever fungal sepsis involved an extremity alone and thus amputation could rid the body of the entire infected site, survival could then be achieved . The overall mortality rate was 78% . Protection of the wound from Aspergillus colonization appeared to be the only reliable method of preventing this often lethal fungus infection. Am J Otol, 1979 Oct, 1(2), 115 - 20 Malignant external otitis with multiple cranial nerve involvement; Damiani JM et al.; A case of bilateral malignment external otitis with multiple cranial nerve deficits is presented . Thirty-five similar cases reported in the world literature are reviewed . All cranial nerves have been involved with the exception of the first and fourth . The resultant pseudomonas ostemyelitis may be spread extensively in these elderly diabetic patients to involve the entire base of the skull as well as other structures . The preferred treatment is long term systemic antibiotics followed by surgical intervention for plateau or further progression of disease . The overall mortality is 61 percent (22/36), a lower figure than previously reported. Infect Immun, 1979 Oct, 26(1), 240 - 7 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for bovine immunoglobulin subclass-specific response to Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharides; Lamb VL et al.; An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to follow the bovine response, by immunoglobulin class and subclass, to defined smooth and rough lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Brucella abortus . Binding to smooth LPS of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 in sera from Brucella-infected animals was significantly greater than binding in sera from normal uninfected animals . Competition or steric blocking among IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 for binding sites on smooth LPS was shown to occur . Binding of IgM to Brucella smooth LPS with sera from uninfected animals was elevated above the assay control levels, and attempts to eliminate this nonspecific IgM binding were not successful . The same levels of nonspecific IgM binding were also seen with Brucella rough LPS, Escherichia coli LPS, and Pseudomonas solanacearum LPS . Sera from some, but not all, Brucella-infected animals showed elevated binding of IgG1 and IgM to both E . coli LPS and Brucella rough LPS as well as to Brucella smooth LPS . This was interpreted as specific antibody . Cross-reactions between B . abortus smooth or rough LPS and E . coli LPS could not be shown by immunodiffusion. J Biol Chem, 1979 Sep 25, 254(18), 9262 - 9 Quaternary structure of pyruvate carboxylase from Pseudomonas citronellolis; Cohen ND et al.; Physical-chemical studies of pyruvate carboxylase from Pseudomonas citronellolis demonstrate that the enzyme has an alpha 4 beta 4 structure . The individual polypeptides, alpha (Mr = 65,000) and beta (Mr = 54,000), were separated and isolated by preparative gel electrophoresis . Analysis of the relationship between Coomassie blue staining and protein quantity for each polypeptide indicated that the alpha and beta subunits are present in a 1:1 stoichiometry in the native enzyme . Determinations of the molecular weight of the protein by sedimentation equilibrium (Mr = 454,000), gel filtration analysis (Mr = 510,000), disc gel electrophoresis (Mr = 530,000), and mass measurement from the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (Mr = 530,000) are consistent with the proposed alpha 4 beta 4 structure . Disc gel electrophoresis studies revealed that under certain circumstances the enzyme may dissociate to a smaller molecular weight species (Mr = 228,000) . This dissociation phenomenon could explain the earlier reported observation of Taylor et al . ((1972) J . Biol . Chem 22, 7388-8390) that the enzyme had a molecular weight of 265,000 . Evidence from electron microscopic studies shows that the three-dimensional structure of this enzyme is quite distinct from other species of pyruvate carboxylase . The enzyme does not show the typical rhombic appearance which has been noted for chicken liver, sheep liver, and yeast pyruvate carboxylase. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1979 Sep 12, 570(1), 22 - 30 Properties of Pseudomonas AM1 primary-amine dehydrogenase immobilized on agarose; Boulton CA et al.; 1 . The primary-amine dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas AM1 (primary amine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.99.-) was purified by an improved method and covalently attached to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B . The immobilized enzyme showed very little change in its sensitivity to heat and to inhibition by semicarbazide as compared with the soluble enzyme, but had enhanced stability at 0 degrees C . The pH optimum of the immobilized enzyme remained unchanged at pH 7.4 . 2 . A new type of spectrophotometric assay is described in which sedimentation of the immobilized enzyme in the cuvette is prevented by increasing the viscosity by the presence of 10% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (M1 20 000) . Detailed kinetic analysis using this assay showed only insignificant differences in the Km values for n-butylamine and phenazine methosulphate between the soluble and Agarose-bound enzymes . The results are compared with those for other oxidoreductase enzymes immobilized on Sepharose. Nouv Presse Med, 1979 Sep 10, 8(34), 2739 - 40 {Pseudomonas cepacia hospital infections; uncertainties and experiences with an epidemiological investigation (author's transl)}; Yourassowsky E et al.; During a hospital outbreak of Pseudomonas cepacia a traditional epidemiological investigation was proved to be misleading . Suppression of the suspected antiseptic did not stop the epidemics . A further investigation proved that it was due to the intravenous injection of contamineted anesthetic vials . Fever, chills, lack of hemodynamic disorders and of metastatic absceses characterize the clinical state of the infected patients . The removal of the catheters for perfusion was sometimes necessary to stop the bacteraemia . A lack of medical information is responsible of the outbreak. J Gen Microbiol, 1979 Sep, 114(1), 137 - 47 A taxonomic study of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas pickettii, 'P . thomasii' and 'group IVd' bacteria; King A et al.; On the basis of cluster analysis, average similarities within and between groups, and DNA base composition of selected strains, Pseudomonas pickettii appeared to be a distinct species comprising several biotypes . Although some or all of these biotypes, represented by subclusters in our computer study, may ultimately warrant recognition as separate species, our results were not conclusive enough to warrant such a proposal at present . Most strains tentatively named 'P . thomasii' could be included in P . pickettii so that the name P . pickettii, which was validly published whilst 'P . thomasii' was not, takes priority over 'P . thomasii' . Strains of Group Va (Tatum et al., 1974) examined were also included in P . pickettii . Group IVd (King, 1964) did not appear to be a natural group but some of the strains could also be included in P . pickettii. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 1979 Sep-Oct, 88(5 Pt 1), 714 - 20 Necrotizing ("malignant") external otitis histopathologic processes; Kohut RI et al.; The histologic findings in a serially sectioned temporal bone, from a patient who succumbed to brain abscess secondary to necrotizing ("malignant") external otitis, are described . The mechanism of invasion of the ear canal appears to be due to local bone necrosis . This in turn extends to the submucosal vasculature of the pneumatic spaces . The infective process extends submucosally, establishing one or several sites of bone destruction . The lumen of the pneumatic space is not involved . In this process, the periphery of the fibrous inflammatory tissue formation is the site of active bone destruction . In pneumococcal petrositis, the peripheral fibrous elements are protective . The process in malignant external otitis may extend directly to adjacent central nervous system structures inoculating the structure with Pseudomonas . Development of Pseudomonas brain abscesses can be slow, allowing for new bone closure of the site from which the infection spreads as demonstrated in this specimen . Therefore, apparent local control of the disease can be established while a central infective process progresses. J Clin Microbiol, 1979 Sep, 10(3), 385 - 7 Pseudomonas putrefaciens as a cause of septicemia in humans; Schmidt U et al.; Septicemia due to Pseudomonas putrefaciens was found in an elderly man with chronic leg ulcers . This organism is rarely cultured from human material and has been reported to cause skin and ear infections in only a few patients . Its potential for invasiveness is documented in this case for the fourth time. J Bacteriol, 1979 Sep, 139(3), 940 - 52 Insertion element analysis and mapping of the Pseudomonas plasmid alk regulon; Fennewald M et al.; We characterized and mapped new mutations of the alk (alkane utilization) genes found on Pseudomonas plasmids of the Inc P-2 group . These mutations were isolated after (i) nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, (ii) transposition of the Tn7 trimethoprim and streptomycin resistance determinant, and (iii) reversion of polarity effects of alk::Tn7 insertion mutations . Our results indicate the existence of two alk loci not previously described--alkD, whose product is required for synthesis of membrane alkane-oxidizing activities, and alkE, whose product is required for synthesis of inducible membrane alcohol dehydrogenase activity . Polarity of alk::Tn7 insertion mutations indicates the existence of an alkBAE operon . Mapping of alk loci by transduction in P . aeruginosa shows that there are at least three alk clusters in the CAM-OCT plasmid--alkRD, containing regulatory genes; alkBAE, containing genes for specific biochemical activities; and alkC, containing one or more genes needed for normal synthesis of membrane alcohol dehydrogenase . The alkRD and alkBAE clusters are linked but separated by about 42 kilobases . The alkC cluster is not linked to either of the other two alk regions . Altogether, these results indicate a complex genetic control of the alkane utilization phenotype in P . putida and P . aeruginosa involving at least six separate genes. Lymphology, 1979 Sep, 12(3), 177 - 90 Lung vascular permeability: inferences from measurements of plasma to lung lymph protein transport; Brigham KL et al.; In chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep, we measured steady-state hemodynamic and lung lymph responses to mechanically increased pressure and to intravenous infusions of histamine, Pseudomonas bacteria and E . coli endotoxin . Histamine, Pseudomonas bacteria and E . coli endotoxin caused exchanging vessel permeability to increase, as evidenced by high flows of protein rich lung lymph . This contrasts to the effects of increased pressure where lymph protein concentration falls as lymph flow increases . Microvascular sieving of proteins less than 100 Angstrom radius persisted in all increased permeability states, but with endotoxin, lymph clearance of larger proteins increased much more than with histamine or Pseudomonas . We compared several approaches to quantitative interpretations of lymph data and found that direct methods for calculating permeability-surface area products and reflection coefficients for proteins produced values which were difficult to interpret, probably because fundamental assumptions of the methods were violated in our experiments . A mathematical model based on multiple pore theory produced more plausible coefficients. J Bacteriol, 1979 Sep, 139(3), 811 - 6 Incompatibility group P-1 bla+ plasmids do not increase penicillin resistance of Pseudomonas acidovorans; Bruce DL et al.; Incompatibility group P-1 plasmids with the bla+ genotype were transferred from various Escherichia coli strains to Pseudomonas acidovorans strain 29 . When resistance to ampicillin was used as the criterion, none of these plasmids appeared able to express their Bla+ phenotype in this host . When the plasmids were subsequently transferred back from these ampicillin-sensitive P . acdiovorans transcipients to E . coli strains, it was found that the Bla+ phenotype was again expressed . Although beta-lactamase was not detected in cultures of P . acidovorans transcipients, macroiodometric determinations of beta-lactamase activity made on broken cell suspensions revealed that beta-lactamase was indeed synthesized . It was concluded that P . acidovorans strain 29 allows expression of the bla gene within the cell but that this organism is unable to excrete the enzyme. Arch Ophthalmol, 1979 Sep, 97(9), 1637 - 9 Cryotherapy of Pseudomonas keratitis and scleritis; Eiferman RA; Three cases of perforated Pseudomonas corneal ulcers with scleral extension were treated with keratoplasty and cryotherapy to the remaining cornea and sclera . All three cases showed dramatic improvement . Cryotherapy of Pseudomonas keratitis in guinea pigs has been shown to be effective . Pseudomonas organisms seem to be susceptible to cryotherapy in vivo; there is no effect in vitro . Cryotherapy may prove to be a new tool in the treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis. Mikrobiologiia, 1979 Sep-Oct, 48(5), 854 - 7 {Growth and biomass accumulation by several strains of Pseudomonas on nutrient with ethanol}; Riabushko TA et al.; The capacity to grow in a mineral medium with ethanol as a sole carbon source was studied in 147 Pseudomonas strains . All of the strains can grow in this medium . The biomass accumulation in the mineral medium with ethanol (1%) and maize extract (0.2%) is 2.5--5.0 times higher than without the latter . Strains which accumulate up to 3.5 g of dry biomass per litre (containing 62--66% of protein and 5.3% of nucleic acids) in the mineral medium with ethanol (1%) and maize extract (0.2%) have been selected . The quantitative content of essential amino acids satisfies the requirements while that of lysine, threonine, valine and leucine is twice as high. Circ Res, 1979 Aug, 45(2), 292 - 7 Increased sheep lung vascular permeability caused by Escherichia coli endotoxin; Brigham KL et al.; We infused Escherichia coli endotoxin, 0.07-1.33 microgram/kg, intravenously into chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep and measured pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, lung lymph flow, lymph and blood plasma protein concentrations, and arterial blood gases . Endotoxin caused a biphasic reaction: an early phase of pulmonary hypertension and a long late phase of steady state increased pulmonary vascular permeability during which pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures were not increased significantly and lung lymph flow was 5 times the baseline value . Lymph: plasma total protein concentration ratio during the late phase (0.76 +/- 0.04) was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than during baseline (0.66 +/- 0.03) . The lymph response was reproducible . Lung lymph clearance of endogenous proteins with molecular radii (r) 35.5 to 96 A was increased during the steady state late phase of the reaction, but, as during baseline, clearance decreased as r increased . The endotoxin reaction was similar to the reaction to infusing whole Pseudomonas bacteria, except that endotoxin had less effect on pressures during the steady state response and caused a relatively larger increase in lymph clearance of large proteins . We conclude that E . coli endotoxin in sheep causes a long period of increased lung vascular permeability and may have a greater effect on large solute pathways across microvessels than do Pseudomonas bacteria. J Med Microbiol, 1979 Aug, 12(3), 379 - 82 Differentiation of fluorescent pseudomonads by their effect on milk agar; Reynolds MT et al.; Eighty-six clinical isolates of fluorescent pseudomonads that did not produce pyocyanin on Diagnostic Sensitivity Test Agar or Cetrimide Agar were identified on the basis of their antibiotic sensitivity, production of pigment on King's "A" medium, growth at 42 degrees C, production of lecithinase and hydrolysis of gelatin . The identity of the strains was confirmed in tests with the ammonium salt sugars ethanol, glucose and mannitol . These tests were adequate for distinguishing between the three important fluorescent pseudomonads . The detection of casein hydrolysis on milk agar was assessed as a rapid method of distinguishing P . aeruginosa from the other species of fluorescent pseudomonads but proved unhelpful when compared with, or included in, a small set of tests . Most strains of P . aeruginosa and P . fluorescens hydrolysed casein. Mol Gen Genet, 1979 Jul 2, 174(1), 101 - 3 Genetic transformation of Pseudomonas phaseolicola by R-factor DNA; Gantotti BV et al.; The bacterium Pseudomonas phaseolicola was successfully transformed, for the first time, with R-factors RSF1010 and pBR322 DNA by a calcium-shock and heat-pulse technique . Frequency of transformation for RSF1010 ranged from 0.8 x 10(-7) to 3.1 x 10(-6) and was ca . 0.4 x 10(-8) for pBR322. Somatic Cell Genet, 1979 Jul, 5(4), 453 - 68 Characterization of the diphtheria toxin-resistance system in Chinese hamster ovary cells; Moehring JM et al.; Variations in two general classes of diphtheria toxin-resistant mutants which may be selected from Chinese hamster ovary (CH0-K1) cells and the conditions for their selection are described . The resistance of class I mutants can be overcome with increasing concentrations of toxin . Their entire complement of EF-2 is susceptible to ADP-ribosylation by toxin . Class I includes those strains in which resistance resides at the level of the plasma membrane . The resistance of class II, translational, mutants cannot be overcome by high concentrations of toxin, as all, or a portion, of their EF-2 is insensitive to the action of diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A . Adjustment of the concentration of toxin used to select resistant mutants can be used to regulate the class of mutant recovered . Metabolic cooperation between cells does not affect recovery of either class I or class II mutants . Resistance is stable in class I strains, but class IIb strains, which possess 50% resistant and 50% sensitive EF-2, display a transient high level of resistance which is retained for varying lengths of time following exposure to toxin . Class IIa strains, which possess 100% resistant EF-2, grow normally in saturating concentrations of toxin, but class IIb strains grow at a reduced rate . Evidence is presented which suggests that the gene for EF-2 is functionally diploid in CHO-K1 cells. J Bacteriol, 1979 Jul, 139(1), 323 - 5 Pseudomonas cepacia mutants blocked in the direct oxidative pathway of glucose degradation; Lessie TG et al.; Glucose dehydrogenase-deficient strains of Pseudomonas cepacia grew normally with glucose as carbon source, indicating that the direct pathway of glucose oxidation does not play an essential role in this bacterium. J Bacteriol, 1979 Jul, 139(1), 287 - 98 Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Pseudomonas oxalacticus; Lawlis VB Jr et al.; Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was purified by a rapid, facile procedure from formate-grown Pseudomonas oxalaticus . The electrophoretically homogeneous enzyme had specific activities of 1.9 mumol of CO2 fixed per min per mg of protein and 0.15 mumol of O2 consumed per min per mg of protein . The amino acid composition was similar to that of other bacterial sources of the enzyme . The molecular weights determined by sedimentation equilibrium and by gel filtration were 421,000 and 450,000, respectively . Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis of enzyme purified under conditions which would limit proteolysis, two types of large (L) subunits and two types of small (S) subunits were observed with apparent molecular weights of 57,000, 55,000, 17,000 and 15,000 . By densitometric scans at two different protein concentrations the stoichiometry of the total large to total small subunits was 1:1, implying an L6S6 structure . Electron micrographs of the enzyme revealed an unusual structure that was inconsistent with a cubical structure . The enzyme had an unusually high Km for ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (220 microM) and was strongly inhibited by 6-phosphogluconate in the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase assay (Ki = 270 microM) . One, 5, and 12 days after purification the enzyme was half-maximally activated at 0.13 microM, 0.23 mM, and 0.70 mM CO2, respectively, at saturating Mg2+ . At saturating CO2, enzyme 1 day afer purification responded sigmoidally to Mg2+ and was half-maximally activated by 0.85 mM Mg2+ in the absence of 6-phosphogluconate (Hill coefficient, h = 2.0) and by 0.19 mM Mg2+ in the presence of mM 6-phosphogluconate (h = 1.7). Biochem J, 1979 Jun 15, 180(3), 639 - 45 Metabolism of dibenzo{1,4}dioxan by a Pseudomonas species; Klecka GM et al.; Pseudomonas sp . N.C.I.B . 9816 strain 11, when grown on salicylate in the presence of dibenzo{1,4}dioxan, accumulated cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzo{1,4}dioxan and 2-hydroxydibenzo{1,4}dioxan in the culture medium . Each metabolite was isolated in crystalline form and identified by a variety of conventional chemical techniques . Crude cell extracts prepared from the parental strain grown with naphthalene oxidized cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzo{1,4}dioxan under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions to 1,2-dihydroxydibenzo{1,4}dioxan . Further degradation of this metabolite was not detected. Br J Ophthalmol, 1979 Jun, 63(6), 436 - 9 Experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in guinea-pigs: therapy of moderately severe infections; Davis SD et al.; We have previously shown that antibiotic therapy of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis was more effective in early moderate infections than in late severe infections . The purpose of this study was to determine the relative efficacies of various drugs, routes, and vehicles in the treatment of moderately severe infection . As in the late severe infections, the most consistently effective regimen was an aminoglycoside applied topically in solution . No synergistic or additive effect was observed with a combination of aminoglycoside given topically and a penicillin given intramuscularly . Topical therapy with antibiotic in ointment was less effective than topical therapy with antibiotic in solution. J Gen Microbiol, 1979 Jun, 112(2), 397 - 400 Isolation of atypical lipopolysaccharides from purified cell walls of Pseudomonas cepacia; Manniello JM et al.; Wall fragments were prepared from two strains of Pseudomonas cepacia and from P . aeruginosa, and their contents of readily extractable lipid, pronase-digestible protein and lipopolysaccharide were measured . Lipopolysaccharide extracted from P . cepacia, although biologically active, contained no detectable 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, but contained phosphate, rhamnose, glucose, heptose and hexosamine in concentrations comparable to those found in P . aeruginosa. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1979 Jun, (6), 98 - 102 {Use of the A-1 and A-2 elective nutrient media for isolating Ps . aeruginosa}; Iskhakova KhI; A total of 327 samples of material obtained from patients with surgical infection and 434 samples taken from various objects of the hospital environment were studied with the use of elective culture media A-1 and A-2 . 72 cultures of Ps . aeruginosa were isolated, their biochemical properties and the character of their growth were studied; and the clinical strains were also tested for sensitivity to phages and antibiotics . In 677 cases the capacity of Ps . aeruginosa to proliferate in media A-1 and A-2 was compared with their capacity to proliferate in other culture media (blood agar, serum agar, Levine's medium) . The results of this study showed considerable advantages of the elective culture media under study for the isolation of pseudomonades, especially from the objects of the hospital environment. J Hyg (Lond), 1979 Jun, 82(3), 453 - 62 Antibody responses of burned patients immunized with a polyvalent Pseudomonas vaccine; Jones RJ; In two controlled clinical trials of a polyvalent pseudomonas vaccine, vaccinated burned patients showed higher antibody titres to the 16 antigens in the vaccine and higher titres of a passively transferable protective antibody than was found in unvaccinated burned patients. J Clin Microbiol, 1979 May, 9(5), 561 - 4 Pseudomonas paucimobilis from a leg ulcer on a Japanese seaman; Peel MM et al.; Pseudomonas paucimobilis was isolated in pure culture from an ulcer on the leg of a Japanese seaman while in an Australian port . A description of the isolate is given . This may be the first report of a human infection in which this recently characterized species is implicated as a pathogen. Mikrobiologiia, 1979 May-Jun, 48(3), 517 - 22 {Crocoite reduction by a culture of Pseudomonas chromatophila sp . nov.}; Lebedeva EV et al.; Two cultures of chromium reducing bacteria have been isolated from samples of water accumulated at the bottom of an open-cut chromium deposit and from industrial sewage . The cultures were found to be identical . The cultures are described and their taxonomical position is discussed . They have been classed as Psuedomonas chromatophila sp . nov . the cultures reduce Cr(VI) from crocoite PbCrO4 to Cr(III) . A possibility of chromium reducing bacteria being involved in the conversion of crocoite to chromite in the oxidation zone of chromite deposits is discussed. Am J Ophthalmol, 1979 May, 87(5), 710 - 6 Comparison of therapeutic routes in experimental Pseudomonas keratitis; Davis SD et al.; We determined the efficacy of tobramycin administered by topical, intramuscular, and subconjunctival routes in guinea pigs and rabbits with experimental Pseudomonas keratitis . The topical route of administration was consistently more effective than either subconjunctival or intramuscular routes . Subconjunctival injection of antibiotic did not enhance the effectiveness of topical therapy in either guinea pigs or rabbits . Intramuscular tobramycin was more effective than saline in guinea pigs with keratitis but not in rabbits with keratitis. Carbohydr Res, 1979 May, 70(2), 283 - 93 Modes of action of intracellular dextranase and three oligoglucanases from Pseudomonas UQM733; Covacevich MT et al.; The action patterns have been studied of a purified, intracellular dextranase and three intracellular alpha-D-glucosidases from Pseudomonas UQM733 on pure isomalto-oligosaccharides . The glucosidases have optimal activity on isomaltotetraose and are therefore classified as oligoglucanases . They have been used to determine the structure of two branched isomalto-oligosaccharides obtained by enzymic degradation of dextran. J Clin Pathol, 1979 May, 32(5), 500 - 4 Identification of Pseudomonas pseudomallei in the clinical laboratory; Ashdown LR; Ninety-one strains of Pseudomonas pseudomallei were tested in the API 20E system and in equivalent conventional tests . Except for utilisation of citrate there was good correlation between API and conventional tests . Seven-digit profiles were constructed from each strain after 48 hours' incubation, and numerical codes 2 006 727, 2 206 706, 2 206 707, and 2 206 727 accounted for 77% of strains tested . API 20 E, in combination with tests for heat stability of alkaline phosphatase, resistance to colistin and gentamicin, oxidative attack only of glucose, and acid from maltose, was found to provide a simple method for positive identification of all strains of this organism in two days. J Bacteriol, 1979 May, 138(2), 418 - 24 Metabolism of carbohydrate derivatives by Pseudomonas acidovorans; Wettermark MH et al.; Wild-type Pseudomonas acidovorans strain A1 was unable to grow on glycerol or glucose as sole source of carbon and energy although it grew well on gluconate . Spontaneous glycerol-positive mutants, which apparently had become permeable to glycerol, were readily isolated, but glucose-positive mutants did not occur . P . acidovorans lacked glucose dehydrogenase and glucokinase, which were sufficient to account for its inability to grow on glucose . Gluconate was degraded exclusively via a noncoordinately induced Entner-Doudoroff pathway . Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was undetectable . In contrast to P . aeruginosa, P . acidovorans possessed a single glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, which was NAD+ specific and constitutive, and an inducible pyruvate kinase . Moreover, growth of glycerol-positive strain K2 on glycerol did not induce any of the enzymes related to metabolism of hexosephosphate derivatives as occurs in fluorescent pseudomonads. Biochem J, 1979 Apr 15, 180(1), 237 - 9 The presence of two cytochromes b in the facultative methylotroph Pseudomonas AM1; Keevil CW et al.; Two cytochromes b with absorption maxima at 555 and 562 nm and differing in their mid-point redox potentials are synthesized in Pseudomonas AM1 during growth on methanol or succinate in batch culture, or in NH4+-limited or carbon-limited continuous culture . Both cytochromes b were also present in a cytochrome c-deficient mutant in all growth conditions. Endokrinologie, 1979 Apr, 73(2), 130 - 3 Inhibition of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase of Pseudomonas testosteroni by steroids; Kaufmann G et al.; 55 Steroids of the estratriene and androstane type with substituents in pos . 16 alpha, 17 alpha or 17 beta were tested for inhibition of the 3beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase of Pseudomonas testosteroni . Estratrien-3-ols were strong and competitive inhibitors (Ki less than 1 micron) . Substituents in pos . 16 alpha of estradiol influenced the inhibitory activity distinctly . Substituents in 17 alpha- or 17 beta-position were of slight influence . 3-Methoxy estratrienes gave no inhibition of the enzymic 3 beta-OH-dehydrogenation . The 4-unsaturated 3-oxo-steroids tested were moderate inhibitors (Ki 2.4-70 micron) . The activity was slightly influenced by 17 alpha-substituents . It was increased by 10 beta-substituents in the order H less than CH3 less than N3 . The inhibition test can be used to select and eliminate very strong synthetic inhibitors, which are known to disturb the metabolism of steroid hormones. Pathology, 1979 Apr, 11(2), 293 - 7 An improved screening technique for isolation of Pseudomonas pseudomallei from clinical specimens; Ashdown LR; A selective medium consisting of trypticase soy agar with 4% glycerol, 5 mg/l crystal violet, 50 mg/l neutral red and 4 mg/l of gentamicin was devised for isolation of Pseudomonas pseudomallei from clinical specimens . Absorption of neutral red was found to be suitable for differentiating this organism from other bacteria, while gentamicin was effective in selecting Ps . pseudomallei from organisms commonly found in clinical material . The medium was more suitable for screening clinical specimens than MacConkey's agar with colistin-S because it was more selective and allowed multiple specimens to be inoculated on a single plate . Eight thousand clinical specimens from an area endemic for melioidosis were screened on the selective medium . This resulted in the recovery of 8 isolates of Ps . pseudomallei that would not have been detected using routine culture media alone. Arch Ophthalmol, 1979 Apr, 97(4), 711 - 4 Cryotherapy for experimental Pseudomonas keratitis; Alpren TV et al.; The effectiveness of cryotherapy alone and in combination with topical tobramycin sulfate therapy for experimental Pseudomonas keratitis was determined in guinea pigs and rabbits . Results were evaluated quantitatively by determining numbers of viable bacteria surviving in corneas . A brass probe cooled to--79 degrees C and applied directly to infected corneas for six seconds resulted in an immediate 99.9% reduction in bacteria . One freeze-thaw cycle followed by topical tobramycin therapy was significantly more effective than tobramycin therapy alone in five of six strains tested . None of the corneas treated with tobramycin alone demonstrated no growth, whereas 24 of 42 of these infected corneas showed no growth after the combination treatment . We conclude that cryotherapy alone had a rapid bactericdal effect on experimental Pseudomonas keratitis and that it significantly potentiated topical antibiotic therapy for most strains. Z Exp Chir, 1979 Apr, 12(2), 94 - 101 {The effect of various steroid hormones on the course of pseudomonas infections in 3rd grade burns}; Seitz HD et al.; The effect of hydrocortisone, aldosterone, and estrogen on the course of pseudomonas infection after third-degree burns was examined in animal experiments . The effect of the drugs is represented by different lethality rates . Hydrolytic hydrocortisone reduced the average survival time as well as aldosterone . Estrogen, however, had no statistically ascertained effect on lethality. J Chromatogr, 1979 Apr 1, 171, 135 - 43 Affinity partition of proteins in aqueous two-phase systems containing polyoxyethylene glycol-bound ligand and charged dextrans; Chaabouni A et al.; The partition of the delta 5 leads to 4 3-oxosteroid isomerase of Pseudomonas testosteroni in aqueous two-phase systems containing both the macroligand, polyoxyethylene glycol-bound estradiol, and charged (cationic or anionic) dextrans has been studied . If the enzyme is well retained in the upper phase by an adequate amount of macroligand, it is possible to improve the removal of the contaminating proteins by extracting them into a lower phase containing positively or negatively charged dextran . Some mult-step extraction experiments were carried out to purify isomerase, by washing the upper phase successively with cationic and anionic dextran-rich phases. Arch Microbiol, 1979 Mar 12, 120(3), 301 - 2 Interfamilial transfer of amber suppressor gene for the isolation of amber mutants of Mycobacteriophage I3; Ramakrishnan T et al.; A suppressor-containing strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis SN2 was isolated by transferring an amber suppressor carried on the plasmid of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes ERA through transformation . Amber mutants of mycobacteriophage I3 were isolated. Arch Microbiol, 1979 Mar 12, 120(3), 223 - 9 Branched chain amino acid aminotransferase isoenzymes of Pseudomonas cepacia; Wong HC et al.; Pseudomonas cepacia grew rapidly using a mixture of all three branched chain amino acids as carbon source, but failed to use individual branched chain amino acids as sole carbon source . Extracts of bacteria grown on branched chain amino acids had between 2- and 3-fold higher levels of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent branched chain amino acid aminotransferase activity than extracts of glucose-grown bacteria . The increase in enzyme activity was due to the presence of a second aminotransferase not detected in extracts of glucose-grown bacteria . The enzyme, which presumably plays a role in branched chain amino acid degradation, had an apparent molecular weight (mol.wt.) of 75,000 . The other aminotransferase was formed constitutively and apparently functions in synthesis of branched chain amino acids . It was more stable than the 75,000 mol.wt . enzyme, and was purified to homogeneity and found to be a 180,000 mol.wt . oligomer containing 6 subunits of approximately 30,000 mol.wt . Antiserum prepared against the purified enzyme inhibited its activity but failed to influence the activity of the 75,000 mol.wt . aminotransferase, suggesting that the two isoenzymes are encoded by different genes. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1979 Mar, 37(3), 605 - 9 Phosphate and soil binding: factors limiting bacterial degradation of ionic phosphorus-containing pesticide metabolites; Daughton CG et al.; Soils that had a high binding capacity for inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) had reduced capacities to bind ionic alkyl phosphorus compounds . Only ionic methylphosphonate (MPn) and ionic phenylphosphonate exhibited moderate binding . Pseudomonas testosteroni used either MPn or Pi as a sole phosphorus source and exhibited diauxic utilization of MPn and Pi . The utilization of MPn was suppressed in the presence of Pi . This suppression was abolished by a Pi-binding soil . The soil did not have a significant effect on the maximum rate of degradation of either MPn or the poorly bound ionic O-isopropyl methylphosphonate, whereas the amount of MPn (but not the amount of O-isopropyl methylphosphonate) metabolized was reduced in the presence of soil Appl Environ Microbiol, 1979 Mar, 37(3), 421 - 8 Metabolism of 3-chloro-, 4-chloro-, and 3,5-dichlorobenzoate by a pseudomonad; Hartmann J et al.; Pseudomonas sp . WR912 was isolated by continuous enrichment in three steps with 3-chloro-, 4-chloro-, and finally 3,5-dichlorobenzoate as sole source of carbon and energy . The doubling times of the pure culture with these growth substrates were 2.6, 3.3, and 5.2 h, respectively . Stoichiometric amounts of chloride were eliminated during growth . Oxygen uptake rates with chlorinated benzoates revealed low stereospecificity of the initial benzoate 1,2-dioxygenation . Dihydrodi-hydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase, catechol 1,2-dixoygenase, and muconate cycloisomerase activities were found in cell-free extracts . The ortho cleavage activity for catechols appeared to involve induction of isoenzymes with different stereospecificity towards chlorocatechols . A catabolic pathway for chlorocatechols was proposed on the basis of similarity to chlorophenoxyacetate catabolism, and cometabolism of 3,5-dimethylbenzoate by chlorobenzoate-induced cells yielded 2,5-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-furan-2-acetic acid. Arch Intern Med, 1979 Mar, 139(3), 310 - 4 Empiric therapy for infections in granulocytopenic cancer patients: continuous infusion of amikacin plus cephalothin; Feld R et al.; A combination of amikacin sulfate given by continuous infusion (800 mg/sq m/24 hr) plus cephalothin sodium (2 g every four hours) was used as initial empiric therapy for the treatment of 65 evaluable febrile (greater than 38.5 degrees C) episodes in 54 granulcoytopenic (neutrophils, less than 1,000/microliter) adult cancer patients . Carbenicillin disodium (5 g every four hours) was substituted for cephalothin in patients with Pseudomonas infections and in patients in whom the initial regimen was unsuccessful . Thirty-two of the 38(84%) identifiable infections responded to therapy, including all of the eight septicemias and eight of 11 pneumonias . Three additional infections responded to the substitution of carbenicillin for cephalothin, for a total response rate of 92% (35/38) . Nephrotoxicity occurred in five patients (7.1%), most commonly in patients over 60 years of age . Ototoxicity, highly correlated with a duration of greater than 19 days and a total dosage of greater than 25 g of amikacin sulfate, occurred in four patients (5.6%) . Amikacin given by continuous infusion plus cephalothin is a safe and efficacious empiric therapy for infections in granulocytopenic cancer patients. Mikrobiologiia, 1979 Mar-Apr, 48(2), 202 - 7 {Pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in methylotrophs}; Loginova NB et al.; The activity of pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases was determined in cell extracts of obligate and facultative methylotrophs which metabolized monocarbon reduced compounds via different pathways . Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was found to be the only enzyme responsible for the high level of CO2 fixation by methylotrophs with the serine pathway (Methylosinus trichosporium, Hyphomicrobium vulgare, Pseudomonas methylica) . Methylotrophs with the hexulose phosphate pathway Mehylobacter chroococcum, Methylomonas methanica, Pseudomonas oleovorans, Arthrobacter globiformis) and yeast (Candida methylica) assimilated less CO2 but contained more enzymes involved in arboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, EG 4.1.1.31; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, EC 4.1.1.32) or pyruvate (pyruvate carboxylase, EC 6.4.1.1; malic-enzyme, EC 4.1.1.40) . Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxytransphosphorylase (EC 4.1.1.38) was not found in any of the studied strains . The properties and the role of carboxylases in the metabolism of methylotrophs are discussed. Can J Microbiol, 1979 Mar, 25(3), 321 - 8 Production of an extracellular ribonuclease by Pseudomonas maltophilia; Arella M et al.; As part of a screening program for pseudomonad enzymes having an industrial interest, we selected ribonuclease (RNase) producing strains . Of the 150 pseudomonads screened, 6 were found to produce an extracellular RNase activity when grown on solid medium . In broth culture, the RNase activity from these six species remained bound to the cells unless gelatin was added to the medium . Gelatin was essential for the release of RNase in the broth culture, but the pH of the medium, addition of potential inducers such as nucleic acids, or addition of cations did not affect this release . However, gelatin did not appear to induce the synthesis of the enzyme . Strain B-88, identified as Pseudomonas maltophilia, was selected for further study of the enzyme . The extracellular RNase isolated from B-88 broth cultures could be separated in two fractions on the basis of the molecular weight by the ultrafiltration technique . The low molecular weight fraction reacts optimally at temperatures between 55 and 60 degrees C and optimal pH values varying from 7.4 to 9.5 . At neutral or alkaline pH, the enzyme was stable at temperatures below 37 degrees C but was inactivated at 55 degrees C . The RNase was inhibited by mercury and cobalt and stimulated by magnesium. Respir Care, 1979 Mar, 24(3), 228 - 34 Bacterial output from three respiratory therapy humidifying devices; Vesley D et al.; Three devices used to humidify the air delivered to hospitalized patients were evaluated for their relative hazard as measured by the concentration of bacterial output delivered with the gas . Two of the devices were evaporative types (commonly called "humidifiers"), moisturizing with water vapor, while the third was a nebulizer, delivering water droplets in aerosol form . Reservoirs were seeded with a tracer organism Pseudomonas cepacia (approximately 10(4)/ml) in distilled water . The output gas (approximately 30 1/min) was sampled through an Andersen six-stage bacterial sampler operated at 28.3 1/min . Excess gas was bled off through a Y-tubing . Results indicate that the nebulizer produces heavily contaminated bacterial aerosols (greater than 1000 P cepacia colonies in the 3-minute sampling period) even after a 20-minute warm-up period that raised the reservoir temperature to greater than 45 degrees C . The two evaporative type devices produced virtually no viable organisms even when sampling was initiated with the reservoir at room temperature. Jpn J Exp Med, 1979 Feb, 49(1), 43 - 50 Experimental Pseudomonas infection in mice: effect of single cyclophosphamide administration on Pseudomonas infection; Harado S et al.; The kinetic effect of cyclophosphamide (CY) was investigated using the immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), activation of the mononuclear macrophage system and altered susceptibity to pseudomonas infection . The level of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was enhanced with suppressed antibody formation, when antigenic stimulation was given about 3 days after CY administration . In contrast, antibody formation increased markedly when challenged with antigen about 10 days after CY administration . Activity of macrophage system as measured by rate of carbon clearance and spreading of peritoneal macrophage was decreased within 6 days after CY, therefore increased to a peak at the 13th day of CY administration . CY increased a susceptibility to pseudomonas infection at the early time of its administration such as the 3rd day, whereas more increased resistance was observed at the later time such as the 13th day . These results indicated that B-lymphocyte depletion included by administration of sublethal dose of CY (200mg/kg) was followed by vigorous hyperplasia of B-lymphocyte. Can J Microbiol, 1979 Feb, 25(2), 163 - 6 Effect of irradiance upon the population of Pseudomonas coronafaciens in leaves and symptom expression of halo blight of rye; Cunfer BM et al.; The toxin-induced chlorosis caused by Pseudomonas coronafaciens is influenced by irradiance . Three levels of irradiance caused differences in symptom expression but did not affect the rate of increase or final population of viable cells of P . coronafaciens in rye leaves . Distinct and faint halo blight symptoms appeared in 3--4 days in full light (1425 microW cm-2), and 58% shade (598 microW cm-2) respectively . No symptoms or only faint symptoms appeared after 7 days at 86% shade (202 microW cm-2) . When plants kept in 58 and 86% shade were moved to full light 5 days after inoculation, lesion size and chlorosis increased rapidly during the next 2 days . On the 7th day after inoculation, the size of lesions from the 58 and 86% shade treatments exceeded those in full light by 2.5 and 5 times, respectively . A chlorosis index based on lesion size and chlorophyll loss within lesions also reflected this trend although chlorophyll loss was greater in lesions in full light for 7 days . Conditions of low irradiance such as that caused by overcast weather and (or) a dense leaf canopy followed by bright sunshine can cause greater losses from halo blight than a continuous period of high irradiance . Sympton expression may be masked by low irradiance but increase of inoculum is not impaired . Although increased light enhances chlorosis, toxin diffusion or production may be reduced. Biochem J, 1979 Feb 1, 177(2), 401 - 8 "Affinity" chromatography of steroid-transforming enzymes with a non-steroidal ligand; Renwick AG et al.; The chromatographic behaviour of an avian oestradiol-17 beta dehydrogenase, the 3(17) beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas testosteroni and cortisone reductase from Streptomyces dehydrogenans was studied on columns of p-(phenoxypropoxy)aniline attached to CNBr-activated Sepharose . The ligand was effective in adsorbing the oestradiol dehydrogenase from a partially purified extract of chicken liver, and the cortisone reductase was perferentially retained when mixtures of the three dehydrogenases were applied to columns in 10mM-buffer . Under these conditions the 3(17)beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase was eluted in the front, but was adsorbed in the presence of 3 M-KCl . beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase present in the liver preparation was not retained by the ligand, whereas lactate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle was adsorbed in a manner similar to the retention pattern found on affinity chromatography with 2',5'-ADP--Sepharose . The mean overall purification of the oestradiol dehydrogenase was 13-fold, with a mean recovery of 53% . p-(Phenoxypropoxy)aniline offers promise for the purification of steroid-transforming enzymes where elution with substrate or cofactor is not wanted . It is also suggested that the ligand may be of service in the purification of receptors of hormonal steroids. Postgrad Med, 1979 Feb, 65(2), 253 - 6, 260 Primary Pseudomonas maltophilia infection of the lung; Sarkar TK et al.; To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary Pseudomonas maltophilia pneumonia . Presenting symptoms were fever and chills of two days' duration and a density in the right upper lobe . Sputum culture showed normal flora, and multiple blood cultures were negative . Antibiotic therapy initially with penicillin and then with carbenicillin was unsuccessful . Selective bronchial aspiration yielded pure cultures of P maltophilia . When an appropriate antibiotic, chloramphenicol, was given, a prompt therapeutic response followed. J Bacteriol, 1979 Feb, 137(2), 1053 - 5 Amber suppressor mutations in Pseudomonas acidovorans; Warren RA; Almost 50% of the clones of Pseudomonas acidovorans(pLM2) selected for resistance to tetracycline supported the growth of an amber mutant of bacteriophage PRD1. Eur J Biochem, 1979 Feb 1, 93(3), 553 - 8 kappa-Carrageenase from Pseudomonas carrageenovora; McLean MW et al.; A kappa-carrageenase was isolated from the cell-free medium of cultured Pseudomonas carrageenovora . From dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a single protein (identified as the kappa-carrageenase) was detected in the medium . Activity against nominal carrageenan types and inspection of the products indicate the enzyme to be a kappa-carrageenase . Purification is described here by ammonium sulphate precipitation and subsequent CM-Sepharose CL-6B ion-exchange chromatography . Molecular weight was estimated as 35,000 by dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . Products of degradation were analysed by gel filtration, spectrophotometric assays and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance . These results are consistent with the product of limit digest being neocarrabiose 4-O-sulphate. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1979 Jan 29, 572(1), 1 - 8 Direct hydroxylation in the biosynthesis of hydroxy fatty acid in lipid a of Pseudomonas ovalis; Kawahara K et al.; It was found that Pseudomonas ovalis IAM 1177 had an abundance of hydroxy fatty acids such as 3-hydroxy-decanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid and 2-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid in the lipophilic part of the lipopolysaccharide fraction, which comprise 80% of total fatty acids . By using 18O2, it was shown that one oxygen atom from molecular oxygen was incorporated into 2-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid, but not into 3-hydroxy-decanoic acid . The incorporated oxygen atom was specifically located at the hydroxyl group of 2-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid . The biosynthetic pathways of these hydroxy fatty acids are discussed. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1979 Jan 12, 566(1), 100 - 14 Starch metabolism in Pseudomonas stutzeri . II . Purification and properties of a dextrin glycosyl-transferase (D-enzyme) and amylomaltase; Schmidt J et al.; Amylomaltase and disproportionating enzyme (D-enzyme) were purified to homogeneity from cell-free extracts of Pseudomonas stutzeri using a six-step procedure . The presence of both glycosyltransferases in the same organism has not been reported before . Molecular weight determination by gel chromatography gave a value of 74,000 for the amylomaltase and 115 000 for the D-enzyme . Two subunits of different molecular weight were found in each enzyme as proved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis . The optimum pH of amylomaltase and D-enzyme activity is 7.6--7.7 . Action of both glycosyltransferases on different maltodextrins showed that amylomaltase is most active with maltotetraose, and the Km value for this substrate is 7.1 mM . D-Enzyme catalyzed glucose release from maltose (Km = 8.3 mM) at a higher rate than from maltotriose and maltotetraose . With maltotriose as initial substrate, D-enzyme forms glucose, maltopentaose, maltoheptaose, maltononaose, maltoundecaose as major products . Amylomaltase acts on maltotriose, maltotetraose, and maltopentaose to form a series o