Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1983 Jul, 80(13), 3879 - 83 Structure of iron superoxide dismutase from Pseudomonas ovalis at 2.9-A resolution; Ringe D et al.; The three-dimensional structure of the iron-containing superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) from Pseudomonas ovalis has been determined at 2.9-A resolution by the method of multiple isomorphous replacement . The molecule is a dimer of two identical subunits with the iron atom per monomer . The conformation of the enzyme is completely different from that of the eukaryotic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase . Each subunit consists of about 50% alpha-helix plus three strands of antiparallel pleated sheet . The iron atoms are coordinated by four protein ligands, one of which is the side-chain of histidine-26 . Crystals of complexes with the inhibitors azide or fluoride are considerably more resistant to irradiation than those of the free enzyme . The structure of the apoprotein is identical to that of the iron-containing molecule. Eur J Biochem, 1983 Jul 1, 133(3), 657 - 63 Some kinetic properties of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp . strain P.J . 874; Rundgren M; Steady-state kinetic properties of purified 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp . strain P.J . 874 were examined by a 14CO2 method at pH 7.5 and 37 degrees C . The results conform to a mono-iso-ordered bi-bi mechanism with binding of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate before O2 and release of CO2 before homogentisate . A Theorell-Chance mechanism can not be excluded . The apparent DV and DV/Km ratios were about 1.1 and 1.2, respectively, for 4-hydroxy{2,6-2H2}phenylpyruvate when the initial O2 consumption was measured . The stoichiometry between the consumption of O2 and the formation of homogentisate and CO2 was 1:1:1 . Loss of hydrogen at C2 or C6 of the ring of the substrate is thus not the rate-limiting step during the reaction . Instead, this appears to be the conversion of an isomerized enzyme form. J Antimicrob Chemother, 1983 Jul, 12 Suppl A, 331 - 6 Ceftazidime alone and in combination in patients with cystic fibrosis: lack of efficacy in treatment of severe respiratory infections caused by Pseudomonas cepacia; Gold R et al.; Fourteen patients with cystic fibrosis received 18 treatment courses with ceftazidime for acute respiratory illnesses associated with Pseudomonas cepacia . All patients had severe chronic lung disease . Clinical improvement occurred in only six treatment courses; eight treatment courses resulted in failure and four patients died . Severe illness was characterized by high fever, marked elevation of WBC and ESR . Treatment had no effect on sputum colony counts of Ps . cepacia in 17 of 18 courses, but significantly reduced counts of Ps . aeruginosa in 90% of those patients infected with both bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1983 Jul, 80(13), 4134 - 8 Enhancement of toxicity of antitransferrin receptor antibody-Pseudomonas exotoxin conjugates by adenovirus; FitzGerald DJ et al.; Cytotoxic conjugates were constructed by chemically coupling Pseudomonas exotoxin to antitransferrin receptor antibodies . Toxicity of these conjugates, due to entry via the transferrin receptor, was enhanced 100- to 300-fold in the presence of adenovirus . By electron microscopy and immunofluorescence it was determined that antitransferrin receptor antibodies and the conjugates derived from them entered cells from coated pits into receptosomes . We believe that the enhanced toxicity resulted when adenovirus and the toxin conjugates were internalized into the same receptosomes . In the process of infection, adenovirus enters cells and brings about a virus-mediated disruption of receptosomes; and this disruption can liberate many more toxin molecules into the cytosol than is possible in the absence of virus. J Biochem (Tokyo), 1983 Jul, 94(1), 207 - 13 Studies on the carbohydrate-protein linkage region in bovine corneal keratan sulfate . I . Isolation of linkage-region glycopeptides under mild conditions; Yamaguchi H; Isolation of linkage-region glycopeptides from corneal peptidokeratan sulfate was attempted under mild conditions . Peptidokeratan sulfate, which had been found in advance of the present study to contain three mannose residues per chain as a major component of the carbohydrate-protein linkage region, was digested with Pseudomonas endo-beta-galactosidase . The disaccharide-repeating chain was partially hydrolyzed, and almost all the galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues were found in oligosaccharides of various sizes . The resulting linkage region-enriched glycopeptides were separated by gel filtration from these oligosaccharides and then fractionated by DEAE-cellulose and Dowex 50 chromatography with the guidance of the mannose content . The glycopeptides obtained were highly enriched in the linkage region and a large portion of them was free from sulfate groups, suggesting that they could be used to elucidate the structure of the linkage region. J Gen Microbiol, 1983 Jul, 129 (Pt 7), 2017 - 20 Disruptive effects of tris and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate on the outer membrane of Pseudomonas cepacia shown by fluorescent probes; Anwar H et al.; The disruptive effects of Tris buffer and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (Sarkosyl) on the outer membrane (OM) of Pseudomonas cepacia were investigated with several fluorescent probes . Tris increased the permeability of the OM to 6-anilino-l-naphthalenesulphonic acid and 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulphonate . The degree of damage to the OM was enhanced when the pH was decreased 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulphonic acid buffer had a small but significant effect at acid pH, while citrate/phosphate buffer showed insignificant effects . Sarkosyl released 3,3'-dipentyloxacarbocyanine iodide (CC5) from CC5-labelled OM or whole cells and altered OM fluidity as studied by fluorescence polarization. J Clin Microbiol, 1983 Jun, 17(6), 1173 - 4 Isolation of Pseudomonas putrefaciens in intra-abdominal sepsis; Marne C et al.; We report the isolation of Pseudomonas putrefaciens from an intra-abdominal abscess in a patient with colonic carcinoma and from bile in two patients with biliary tract disease . In all three cases, P . putrefaciens was isolated in mixed culture with enteric bacteria. Quad Sclavo Diagn, 1983 Jun, 19(2), 219 - 22 {Pseudomonas: considerations on its in vitro sensitivity to antibiotics}; Monaci E; The Pseudomonas spp . increase more and more . The chemoantibiotics tested on 187 strains result 75% no sensitive and other 25% weakly sensitive. Endocrinol Exp, 1983 Jun, 17(2), 107 - 18 Differences in inhibition by various steroids of rat testis and Pseudomonas testosteroni delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; Spona J; The influence of various estrogens, progestogens and of cyanoketone (2 alpha-cyano-4,4,17 alpha-trimethylandrost-5-en-17 beta-ol-3-one) on the enzyme activity of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) (EC 1.1.1.145) was studied . Extracts of Pseudomonas testosteroni, rat testis total homogenate and a microsomal preparation were used as enzyme sources . Spectrophotometric determinations and the conversion of 3H-labelled dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione were used to assay for enzyme activities . Michaelis constants for dehydroepiandrosterone as substrate were 1.0 X 10(-5) mol, 1.5 X 10(-5) mol and 5 X 10(-6) mol for the bacterial enzyme, total homogenate and microsomal rat testis preparation, respectively . Dixon plot analysis was used to calculate apparent inhibition constants . Differences in the inhibition by steroids of the bacterial and testicular enzyme preparation were noted . The bacterial enzyme was inhibited by norethisterone (Ki = = 13.7 X 10(-6) mol) and by norethisterone acetate (Ki = 12.1 X 10(-6) mol), whereas no inhibition by norethisterone was noted in the rat testis enzyme assay systems . Norethisterone acetate was found to compete very weakly (Ki = 150 X 10(-6) mol) for binding to the active site of the rat testis microsomal enzyme . In addition, ethinylestradiol had an apparent inhibition constant of one tenth of the Michaelis constant in all enzyme preparations . The present data combine to suggest differences in the binding affinities of the catalytic sites between bacterial and testicular HSD systems . In addition, results of this investigation suggest that neither norethisterone nor a combination of norethisterone and ethinylestradiol cause hypospadias by inhibition of HSD activity in fetuses, whose mothers were treated with these steroids. J Bacteriol, 1983 Jun, 154(3), 1356 - 62 Common induction and regulation of biphenyl, xylene/toluene, and salicylate catabolism in Pseudomonas paucimobilis; Furukawa K et al.; A strain of Pseudomonas paucimobilis (strain Q1) capable of utilizing biphenyl was isolated from soil . This strain grew not only on substituted biphenyls, but also on salicylate, xylene or toluene or both (xylene/toluene), and substituted benzoates . Evidence is presented that the catabolism of biphenyl, xylene/toluene, and salicylate is regulated by a common unit in this strain . The catabolism of biphenyl, xylene/toluene, and salicylate is interrelated, since benzoate and toluate are common metabolic intermediates of biphenyl and xylene/toluene, and salicylate is produced from 2-hydroxybiphenyl (o-phenylphenol) . All the oxidative enzymes of the biphenyl, xylene/toluene, and salicylate degradative pathways were induced when the cells were grown on either biphenyl, xylene/toluene or salicylate . The P . paucimobilis Q1 cells showed induction of the meta-cleavage enzymes of both 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl and catechol . Biphenyl-negative derivatives of strain Q1 were simultaneously rendered xylene/toluene and salicylate negative, whereas reversion to the biphenyl-positive character of such derivatives invariably led to a xylene/toluene- and salicylate-positive phenotype . Growth of the P . paucimobilis Q1 cells with benzoate as a sole carbon source allowed the induction of only the ortho pathway enzymes, suggesting that biphenyl, xylene/toluene, or salicylate specifically induced the meta pathway enzymes for the oxidative degradation of these compounds. Biochem J, 1983 Jun 1, 211(3), 687 - 94 Studies by e.p.r . spectroscopy of carbon monoxide oxidases from Pseudomonas carboxydovorans and Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena; Bray RC et al.; E.p.r . spectra were obtained at 8-120 K for carbon monoxide oxidases isolated from the carboxydotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas carboxydovorans and Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena . Spectra from the two enzymes are extremely similar to one another . Under appropriate conditions each enzyme shows signals from Mo(V) atoms in two different chemical environments, as well as showing signals from two distinct iron-sulphur centres, presumed to be {2Fe-2S} clusters, and weak FADH X free-radical signals . Parameters of most of the signals were measured, and they show considerable similarities to those of the corresponding signals from xanthine oxidase and related enzymes . Though the signals from carbon monoxide oxidases appear and disappear under reducing and oxidizing conditions, we have so far failed to demonstrate the kinetic competence of any of them . It seems likely that this was due to the presence in the enzyme preparation examined of high amounts of desulpho carbon monoxide oxidase together with another non-functional form of the enzyme giving a stable 'Resting' Mo(V) e.p.r . signal. J Bacteriol, 1983 Jun, 154(3), 1168 - 73 Uptake of methylamine and methanol by Pseudomonas sp . strain AM1; Bellion E et al.; The uptake of methylamine and of methanol by the facultative methylotroph Pseudomonas sp . strain AM1 was investigated . It was found that this organism possesses two uptake systems for methylamine . One of these operates when methylamine is the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy . It has a Km of 1.33 X 10(-4) M and a Vmax of 67 nmol/min per mg of cells (dry weight) . The other system, found when methylamine is the sole nitrogen source only, has a Km of 1.2 X 10(-5) M and a Vmax of 8.9 nmol/min per mg of cells (dry weight) . Both uptake systems were severely inhibited by azide, cyanide, carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, and N-ethylmaleimide, but only the high-affinity system was inhibited by ammonium ions with a Ki of 7.7 mM . Both systems were susceptible to osmotic shock treatment, competitively inhibited by ethylamine, and unaffected by most amino acids . Methanol uptake showed a Km of 4.8 microM and a Vmax of 60.6 nmol/min per mg of cells (dry weight) and was not inhibited by osmotic shock treatment . Azide, cyanide, and N-ethylmaleimide curtailed uptake, but carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone merely reduced the rate of uptake . A methanol dehydrogenase mutant, M15A, was unable to take up methanol . It is proposed that methanol diffuses into the cell where it is rapidly oxidized by methanol dehydrogenase. J Bacteriol, 1983 Jun, 154(3), 1162 - 7 Transposable element that causes mutations in a plant pathogenic Pseudomonas sp; Comai L et al.; A 1.3-kilobase-pair DNA element, IS51, causes a loss of virulence in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv . savastanoi . This sequence, IS51, was first discovered in a plasmid-borne iaaM locus, which together with iaaH directs the synthesis of a virulence factor, indoleacetic acid . The spontaneous insertion of IS51 in iaaM resulted in the loss of indoleacetic acid production, attenuation of virulence, and the loss of both enzyme activities coded by iaaM and iaaH . Using a cloned IS51 element as a probe, we found that numerous homologous sequences are present in different strains of this bacterium, on both chromosomal and plasmid DNAs . By artificially positioning IS51 between a tetracycline resistance gene and a promoter region, we showed that IS51 terminated transcription in Escherichia coli. Biochemistry, 1983 May 10, 22(10), 2537 - 44 Photoaffinity modification of delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase by light-activatable steroid ketones covalently coupled to agarose beads; Hearne M et al.; In order to identify the minor site(s) of photoattachment of unsaturated steroid ketones to delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase from Pseudomonas testosteroni, we have developed a solid-state photoaffinity labeling technique . Two solid-state reagents, O-carboxymethylagarose-ethylenediamine-succinyl-17 beta-O-19-nortestosterone and O-carboxymethylagarose-ethylenediamine-succinyl-17 beta-O-4,6-androstadien-3-one, have been synthesized . Under anaerobic conditions, isomerase bound to these resins is photoinactivated by UV light (lambda greater than 290 nm) whereas isomerase bound to O-carboxymethylagarose-ethylenediamine-deoxycholate or isomerase in the presence of O-carboxymethylagarose-ethylenediamine-acetate is almost completely stable to irradiation under the same conditions . Photoinactivation under anaerobic condition promoted by the resin-bound steroid ketones results from a reaction at the active site since the competitive inhibitor, sodium cholate, which does not absorb light above 290 nm, provides protection toward photoinactivation . Preliminary analysis of isomerase that has been photolyzed in the presence of O-carboxymethylagarose-ethylenediamine-succinyl-17 beta-O-4,6-androstadiene-3-one has established that the enzyme is converted to at least two different forms . One form binds more tightly to the resin than does the native enzyme . This form can be eluted by a sodium dodecyl sulfate containing buffer . The second form is not eluted by this buffer but can be released from the resin by cleavage of the ester bond linking the steroid to the derivatized agarose . We presume that the latter form is covalently coupled to the resin-linked steroid . In the presence of oxygen, additional nonspecific inactivation reactions occur, but these can be suppressed by the singlet oxygen trap, L-histidine . The application of solid-state photoaffinity reagents to some areas of receptor isolation and characterization is discussed. J Biochem (Tokyo), 1983 May, 93(5), 1313 - 9 Further characterization of a novel L-phenylalanine oxidase (deaminating and decarboxylating) from Pseudomonas sp . P-501; Koyama H; L-Phenylalanine oxidase, purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas sp . P-501, had a molecular weight of about 140,000 and consisted of two subunits identical in molecular weight (about 68,000) . The sedimentation coefficient (S020,w) of the enzyme was determined to be 8.18S by ultracentrifugation . The enzyme showed absorption maxima at 276, 390, and 466 nm and a shoulder around 490 nm and contained 2 mol of FAD per mol of enzyme . Oxygen-18 supplied as molecular oxygen was incorporated into the carbonyl group of alpha-phenylacetamide formed by the enzymic oxidation of L-phenylalanine . Michaelis constants of the enzyme were 1.07 X 10(-2) mM for L-phenylalanine and 1.82 mM for oxygen . Maximum activities in oxidation and oxygenation (catalyzed simultaneously by the enzyme) were observed at different pHs and different temperatures . Several metal ions inhibited the oxidase activity preferentially. Clin Pharm, 1983 May-Jun, 2(3), 262 - 4 Gentamicin and tobramycin pharmacokinetics in patients with cystic fibrosis; Bauer LA et al.; Pharmacokinetic variables were compared in patients with cystic fibrosis receiving gentamicin or tobramycin for the treatment of a pseudomonas pulmonary infection . Sixty-nine pediatric patients receiving gentamicin sulfate (n = 31) or tobramycin sulfate (n = 38) were studied . Doses were administered every six hours . All patients received concurrent ticarcillin therapy, had a mild fever, and normal hematocrit and serum creatinine values . Amino-glycoside pharmacokinetic variables were calculated . Tobramycin and gentamicin serum concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay . The mean (+/- S.D.) half-lives for the tobramycin and gentamicin patients were 1.2 +/- 0.5 and 1.4 +/- 0.4 hr, respectively . The average volume of distribution and clearance values for the tobramycin and gentamicin patients were 0.33 +/- 0.20 liters/kg and 2.98 +/- 0.80 ml/min/kg, and 0.35 +/- 0.15 liters/kg and 2.79 +/- 0.75 ml/min/kg, respectively . There were no significant differences between the kinetic variables in the patients receiving gentamicin or tobramycin . To achieve steady-state peak concentrations between 7 and 9 micrograms/ml and trough concentrations below 2 micrograms/ml, gentamicin patients required 10.3 +/- 3.2 mg/kg/day and tobramycin patients required 11.1 +/- 3.9 mg/kg/day . Because of the large amount of interpatient variability in maintenance dosage requirements, therapy should be initiated with 2.5 mg/kg of gentamicin or tobramycin given every six hours and then individualized on the basis of serum concentrations and clinical response. Acta Paediatr Scand, 1983 May, 72(3), 455 - 8 Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki dIsease) in Israel . A review of 13 cases: is pseudomonas infection responsible? Keren G, Barzilay Z, Alpert G, Spirer Z, Danon Y. In this report the clinical, laboratory and histopathological findings of 13 children with Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome (Kawasaki disease; MCLS) are reviewed . This is the first report of a series with a description of the clinical findings as well as pathological findings in patients from Israel . Pseudomonas infection appeared to be the underlying cause of both the clinical symptoms and the pathological changes of some (or all) cases of Kawasaki disease. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem, 1983 May, 364(5), 529 - 35 2-Haloacid dehalogenase from a 4-chlorobenzoate-degrading Pseudomonas spec . CBS 3; Klages U et al.; Pseudomonas spec . CBS 3 contains a 2-haloacid dehalogenase induced by chloroacetate . The enzyme was purified about 25-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydroxyapatite, DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration . The relative molecular masses, as determined by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were 41 000 and 28 000, respectively . The enzyme dehalogenated all monohaloacetates except fluoroacetate . Low activities were found against dichloroacetate and 2,2-dichloropropionate . The enzyme was inactive against trichloroacetate and 3-chloropropionate, it catalysed the stereospecific dehalogenation of L-2-chloropropionate to D-lactate, the rate of dehalogenation being about 20% of the rate of chloroacetate dechlorination . The enzyme activity was not affected by chelating agents and thiol reagents. Can J Biochem Cell Biol, 1983 May, 61(5), 307 - 12 Purification and characterization of a membrane-associated testosterone-binding protein from Pseudomonas testosteroni; Francis MM et al.; A steroid-binding protein, identified in the supernatant generated when membrane vesicles of Pseudomonas testosteroni are produced and harvested by centrifugation, has been purified 49-fold to homogeneity . It has a molecular weight of 30 000-35 000 and it specifically binds the C19 steroids dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, and androstenedione . It is a basic protein with an isoelectric point at pH 7.3 . Binding of testosterone exhibited normal saturation kinetics with an affinity constant, Kd, of 3.9 X 10(-8) M . Binding was inhibited by divalent cations, but the sulfhydryl reagents dithiothreitol and mercaptoethanol did not affect activity . It is suggested that this and other membrane-associated steroid-binding proteins concentrate the steroid at the membrane surface before it is transported into the cytoplasm of P . testosteroni. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg {A}, 1983 May, 254(3), 403 - 4 Isolation of Pseudomonas maltophilia from human stools with thienamycin; Von Graevenitz A et al.; P . maltophilia, a thienamycin-resistant species, was isolated by means of thienamycin-blood agar (10 mg/l) from 14 out of 218 stools . MacConkey agar with thienamycin was inhibitory for part of the strains. Biochem J, 1983 May 1, 211(2), 511 - 3 Kinetic parameters from progress curves of competing substrates . Application to beta-lactamases; Waley SG; The use of two substrates, one of them a reporter substrate, is often convenient . The time course of an enzymic reaction with competing substrates is given explicitly in the present paper . Kinetic parameters can be readily obtained . The method is applied to the hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin, with cephalosporin C as the reporter substrate, catalysed by a Pseudomonas beta-lactamase. Infect Immun, 1983 May, 40(2), 806 - 11 Receptor-mediated entry of Pseudomonas toxin: methylamine blocks clustering step; Morris RE et al.; Clustering of ligands into coated regions of the plasma membrane is an early step in receptor-mediated endocytosis . The association of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) with mouse LM fibroblasts was visualized by using biotinyl-PE and avidingold . Movement of PE into coated regions occurred within 30 s of warming monolayers to 37 degrees C . This clustering was stopped by the primary amines methylamine and ammonium chloride but was not altered by the tertiary amine chloroquine . Toxin internalization was rapid, with a half-time of approximately 5 min . Although primary amines stopped clustering, they did not alter the rate of toxin internalization; they did alter the route followed after entry . We have shown previously that methylamine protects cells from the lethal action of PE . Here we suggest that methylamine protects, at least in part, by blocking clustering, and that receptor-mediated endocytosis is required for efficient expression of PE toxicity. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 1983 Apr 22, 218(1210), 119 - 26 The iron content of iron superoxide dismutase: determination by anomalous scattering; Ringe D et al.; The number of iron atoms in the dimeric iron-containing superoxide dismutase from Pseudomonas ovalis and their atomic positions have been determined directly from anomalous scattering measurements on crystals of the native enzyme . To resolve the long-standing question of the total amount of iron per molecule for this class of dismutase, the occupancy of each site was refined against the measured Bijvoet differences . The enzyme is a symmetrical dimer with one iron site in each subunit . The iron position is 9 A from the intersubunit interface . The total iron content of the dimer is 1.2 +/- 0.2 moles per mole of protein . This is divided between the subunits in the ratio 0.65:0.55; the difference between them is probably not significant . Since each subunit contains, on average, slightly more than half an iron atom we conclude that the normal state of this enzyme is two iron atoms per dimer but that some of the metal is lost during purification of the protein . Although the crystals are obviously a mixture of holo- and apo-enzymes, the 2.9 A electron density map is uniformly clean, even at the iron site . We conclude that the three-dimensional structures of the iron-bound enzyme and the apo-enzyme are identical. Anal Biochem, 1983 Apr 15, 130(2), 321 - 7 Method for enzymatic determination of imidazole acetic acid; Watanabe T et al.; A method for enzymatic assay of imidazole acetic acid (ImAA) was developed, based on the strict substrate specificity of imidazole acetate monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp . {Maki et al . (1969) J . Biol . Chem., 244., 2942-2950}, which catalyzes concomitant conversion of NADH to NAD+ . Thus, ImAA was determined by measuring decrease in absorbancy at 340 nm . Tissue extracts were partially purified and/or concentrated by column chromatography on Bio-Rad AG-1 before enzymatic assay . The lowest measurable level of ImAA by this method was 2 nmol. J Gen Microbiol, 1983 Apr, 129 (Pt 4), 901 - 16 Variability among isolates of Pseudomonas syringae pv . savastanoi from the phylloplane of the olive; Ercolani GL; Leaves of three or four different ages were taken from olive plants quarterly in 1974-1980 . One thousand and fifty isolates of Pseudomonas syringae pv . savastanoi from the phylloplane were tested for virulence to the olive and subjected to numerical phenetic analysis using 60 unit characters . The data were analysed using unweighted average linkage (UPGMA) and single linkage clustering on the simple matching (SSM) and pattern (SP) coefficients . The isolates obtained from leaves of a given age at a given time of the year shared higher percentage similarity (S) values between themselves than with the others . Cluster composition was only marginally affected by different coefficients and methods of clustering . UPGMA analysis on the SSM coefficient recovered 92% of the isolates in 10 major clusters at 75% S . Of the isolates from leaves of the same age collected at the same time of the year, 81-99% fell in the same cluster . Conversely, 91-97% of the isolates in five of the major clusters were from leaves of the same type . Of the isolates in the other major clusters, 95-98% were from two different sources but most of the isolates from leaves of one type segregated into discrete subclusters at 85-90% S . Hypothetical median organisms (HMOs) were constructed to represent all the isolates obtained from the leaves of each type each year . The resulting relationships between the HMOs confirmed those described above for the individual isolates. J Otolaryngol, 1983 Apr, 12(2), 129 - 33 Neutrophil disorders in a child with necrotizing external otitis; Ichimura K et al.; A two year old child presented with a history of cyclic fever since the sixth week of life, and otorrhea of six weeks' duration, unresponsive to treatment . Surgical removal of massive granulation tissue and sequestrated bone, combined with parenteral administration of pipellacillin and dibekacin successfully resolved the Pseudomonas infection . Neutropenia and the decreased chemotactic activity of neutrophils were observed in this patient . This neutrophil disorder seemed to be primary and a contributing factor. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem, 1983 Apr, 364(4), 447 - 53 The metabolism of tryptophan and 7-chlorotryptophan in Pseudomonas pyrrocinia and Pseudomonas aureofaciens; Lubbe C et al.; Pseudomonas pyrrocinia ATCC 15958 and a mutant strain (ACN) of Pseudomonas aureofaciens ATCC 15926 possess a mechanism for the degradation of the tryptophan side chain . Indole, indole-3-carboxylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid and the corresponding compounds chlorinated or brominated at position 7, as well as indole-3-pyruvate and 7-chloroindole-3-pyruvate, were isolated from bacterial cultures . The chlorinated indole derivatives were isolated after the addition of 7-chloro-DL-tryptophan to cultures of P . pyrrocinia whereas their bromo analogues were found in the culture medium of the mutant strain ACN of P . aureofaciens, grown in the presence of sodium bromide . Enzymatic studies show that tryptophan is transaminated to indole-3-pyruvate, which is transformed to indole-3-acetaldehyde . Dehydrogenation of indole-3-acetaldehyde leads to indole-3-acetic acid, which is further metabolized to indole-3-carboxaldehyde, and converted by dehydrogenation to indole-3-carboxylic acid . Indole is formed by the spontaneous decarboxylation of indole-3-carboxylic acid. Am J Otol, 1983 Apr, 4(4), 332 - 7 Invasive Pseudomonas osteitis of the temporal bone; Neal GD et al.; Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of invasive Pseudomonas osteitis have improved the prognosis of this condition . The addition of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to the newer antibiotic regimens appears to enhance their efficacy . Radionuclide scanning can result in earlier diagnoses and also determine an end point for therapy . Surgical intervention should be reserved for those patients who do not respond to medical therapy and should be governed by knowledge of the temporal bone histopathology from available specimens. J Cell Biol, 1983 Apr, 96(4), 1064 - 71 Mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells pleiotropically defective in receptor-mediated endocytosis; Robbins AR et al.; Populations of Chinese hamster ovary cells selected for resistance to diphtheria toxin were found to be highly enriched for mutants deficient in the uptake of lysosomal hydrolases via the mannose 6-phosphate receptor . One doubly defective mutant, DTF 1-5-1, exhibited increased resistance to Sindbis virus, although it was able to bind and internalize virus normally . Normal production of virus was obtained when, subsequent to virus binding, the mutant was exposed for 2 min to acidic pH . Similarly, a shift to acidic pH increased the sensitivity of DTF 1-5-1 to diphtheria toxin 12-fold . Decreased uptake of lysosomal hydrolases by the mutant correlated with decreased mannose 6-phosphate receptor activity at the cell surface; results of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination indicated that the surface-associated receptor was present but inactive on DTF 1-5-1 . Total mannose 6-phosphate receptor activity was also decreased in the mutant and this decrease was reflected by increased secretion of lysosomal hydrolases . The phenotype of DTF 1-5-1 resembles in many ways that of cells treated with ammonia . We suggest that the defect in DTF 1-5-1 stems from an inability to deliver virus, diphtheria toxin, and lysosomal hydrolases to an acidic compartment . Other ligands may be endocytosed through a different pathway since the defect of DTF 1-5-1 did not decrease the endocytosis of ricin, modeccin, or Pseudomonas toxin and had minimal effects on uptake and degradation of low density lipoprotein. Aust Paediatr J, 1983 Mar, 19(1), 51 - 3 Chediak-Higashi syndrome in a Chinese infant; Yip WC et al.; Chediak-Higashi syndrome in Chinese has not been previously reported in the English literature . A 14-month Chinese girl who presented with partial oculocutaneous albinism and Pseudomonas infection was found to have the classical intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the leucocytes by light and electron microscopy . Other characteristic features typical of this syndrome included hepatosplenomegaly, defective chemotaxis, and coarse but sparse melanin granules in hair shaft . She was also found to have hypertriglyceridaemia, a rare lipid abnormality occasionally reported in children suffering from this syndrome . Despite vigorous therapy with high dose ascorbate, corticosteroid and intravenous antibiotics, she died in the accelerated phase of Pseudomonas septicaemia. J Infect Dis, 1983 Mar, 147(3), 489 - 93 A suspected hospital outbreak of pseudobacteremia due to Pseudomonas stutzeri; Keys TF et al.; Pseudomonas stutzeri was recovered from blood cultures of 24 patients from 1977 through 1979 at one Mayo Clinic-affiliated hospital . During the investigation it was determined that aqueous green soap--used throughout the hospital to prepare the skin for iv insertions--had probably become contaminated with P . stutzeri . The use of aqueous green soap was discontinued, but eight additional cases of pseudobacteremia occurred in 1980-1981 and one case occurred in 1982 . With one exception, all of the patients appeared to have pseudobacteremia rather than true bacteremia; the outbreak ceased only after aqueous green soap was deleted as a standard stock item from the hospital formulary. J Steroid Biochem, 1983 Mar, 18(3), 371 - 4 The effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on steroid transport in membrane vesicles of Pseudomonas testosteroni; Culos D et al.; Steroid transport in Pseudomonas testosteroni membrane vesicles was significantly inhibited by the uncoupled 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) . Inhibition of steroid transport was not due to inhibition of the 3 beta- and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by concentrations of up to 1 mM DNP . However, inhibition of this membrane-bound enzyme was measured at 10 mM DNP . The solubilized 3 beta- and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was more sensitive, being inhibited at both 1 and 10 mM DNP indicating a specific inhibition of this enzyme by DNP . Testosterone-dependent oxygen consumption was stimulated slightly at low concentrations of DNP and inhibited at high concentrations . The inhibition of testosterone-dependent oxygen consumption correlated with the inhibition of transport . This indicated that the inhibition of transport by DNP was due to a direct inhibition of metabolism . The existence of an electrochemical gradient is used to explain these results. An Esp Pediatr, 1983 Mar, 18(3), 248 - 53 {Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency . Report of two cases}; Barrio Corrales F et al.; Two brothers with a PNP deficit are reported . The first case presented recurrent upper respiratory infections and died of a sepsis by pseudomonas . The second one was diagnosed when he was six months old and remains asymptomatic . Immunologic tests revealed a deficit of T cell mediated immunity . Treatment consisted on radiated erythrocytes transfusions because HLA compatible donors were not available. Am J Surg, 1983 Mar, 145(3), 379 - 81 Comparison of synthetic adhesive moisture vapor permeable and fine mesh gauze dressings for split-thickness skin graft donor sites; Barnett A et al.; SAM and fine mesh gauze dressings were compared on 60 consecutive skin graft donor sites . SAM dressings are significantly better than fine mesh gauze dressings for healing of split-thickness skin graft donor sites; healing occurs much more rapidly with much less pain . In patients known to be colonized with Pseudomonas, care should be taken when using SAM dressings, although it is not an absolute contraindication . There were no clinically significant differences between Tegaderm and Op-Site. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1983 Feb 28, 743(1), 69 - 81 Individual 1H-NMR assignments for the heme groups and the axially bound amino acids and determination of the coordination geometry at the heme iron in a mixture of two isocytochromes c-551 from Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa; Senn H et al.; This paper describes chemical and physicochemical studies of two small isocytochromes c-551 (approx . 9000 dalton) from Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa . In spite of numerous amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal half of the sequence the two isoproteins could not be separated by the procedures used, presumably because they have identical size, charge and isoelectric points . Individual assignments of the 1H-NMR lines of heme c and the axial ligands to the heme iron were therefore obtained by nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements and saturation transfer experiments in a mixed solution of the two isocytochromes c-551 . The conformation of the coordination sphere was investigated by additional 1H-NMR and circular dichroism studies . For both isoproteins the electronic structure of the heme and the chirality of the methionine attachment to the iron were found to coincide with those in Pseudomonas cytochromes c-551, i.e., S chirality was observed for the axial methionine . The Rps . gelatinosa cytochromes c-551 thus differ from mammalian, yeast, Euglena gracilis and Rhodospirillum rubrum cytochromes c, which all have R chirality at the axial methionine and concomitantly a characteristically different electronic heme structure . This is the first observation of S chirality of the axially bound methionine in a species outside the Pseudomonas family . The redox potentials of the two isocytochromes c-551 of Rps . gelatinosa differ by approx . 120 mV, and there is no cross-exchange of electrons between the two species . The two isoproteins could thus function in two different, parallel electron-transfer chains or at two different locations in a single transfer sequence. J Biol Chem, 1983 Feb 25, 258(4), 2519 - 25 Magnetic and natural circular dichroism of L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase . I . Spectra of ferric and ferrous high spin forms; Uchida K et al.; The ferric form of L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases from both Pseudomonas acidovorans (ATCC 11299b) and rat liver showed magnetic CD spectra ascribable to a high spin protohemoprotein at neutral pH, whereas the ferric indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase from rabbit intestine exhibited a spectrum due to a mixture of high and low spin states under comparable conditions . Upon addition of L-tryptophan, the spectra of the former enzymes changed to another type of high spin spectra, while the latter showed a marked increase in the low spin component . From these findings and effects of pH on the spectra, it is suggested that the sixth ligand of ferric L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases is water at a neutral pH and that for the ferric indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is a strong field ligand such as an imidazole nitrogen . The mixed spin state observed for the latter enzyme was ascribable to a thermal equilibrium between high and low spin states as judged by low temperature spectroscopy . With the ferrous form, the Soret magnetic CD spectra of these enzymes were all similar, giving those of a typical high spin ferrous protohemoprotein, whereas visible spectra were different from one another, suggesting differences in the electronic structure of the heme and its vicinity . The natural CD spectra of both ferric and ferrous forms of each enzyme showed negative Cotton effects in the Soret region . Their intensities were different from one another, presumably due to some differences in the interaction of the heme with nearby aromatic amino acid residue(s). J Gen Microbiol, 1983 Feb, 129 (Pt 2), 499 - 507 Isolation and characterization of the outer and cytoplasmic membranes of Pseudomonas cepacia; Anwar H et al.; A method is described for the separation of the outer membrane (OM) from the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) of Pseudomonas cepacia grown in nutrient broth and in chemically defined media under different nutrient depletions . The method is particularly valuable since it is effective when applied to stationary phase cells . Enzyme activities indicated that the contamination of the OM with the CM was less than 5% . The OM protein profile of magnesium-depleted cells was much simpler than that of the iron-depleted and nutrient broth grown cells . The apparent molecular weights of the OM proteins of magnesium-depleted cells were: 40 000, 36 000, 24 500 and 14 500 . Iron depletion induced the synthesis of an OM protein with apparent molecular weight of 66 000 . The OM proteins with apparent molecular weights of 40 000, 36 000 and 24 500 were heat-modifiable and the 24 500 dalton protein was found also to be affected by the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol . The OM consisted of 50% protein and 20% phospholipid and the rest was probably LPS while the CM consisted of 80% phospholipid and 20% protein . The major phospholipid in both membranes was phosphatidylethanolamine with a smaller amount of phosphatidylglycerol and a trace amount of phosphatidylcholine; the OM contained more phosphatidylethanolamine than the CM. J Biochem (Tokyo), 1983 Feb, 93(2), 567 - 74 Enzymes responsible for degradation of 4-oxalmesaconic acid in Pseudomonas ochraceae; Maruyama K; The enzyme responsible for the degradation of 4-oxalmesaconate was partially purified from Pseudomonas ochraceae grown with phthalate . Column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose caused separation into two distinct enzymes, I and II . 4-Oxalmesaconate was converted into pyruvate and oxalacetate in the presence of MgCl2 and enzymes I and II . Optimum pH of the reaction was observed at pH 8.2 in Tris-HCl buffer . MgCl2 could be replaced by MnCl2 or CoCl2 . Both enzymes were stable to heat-treatment at 65 degrees C for 10 min . Analyses of time course, products and substrate specificity of the enzyme reaction accounted for the functions of two enzymes . Enzyme I (molecular weight 55,000, isoelectric point 5.1) hydrated 4-oxalmesaconate to give 4-oxalcitramate and may be classified as a hydrolyase . Enzyme II (160,000, 5.0) catalyzed the aldolitic cleavage of 4-oxalcitramalate to pyruvate and oxalacetate in the presence of MgCl2 . Enzyme II also cleaved 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate into pyruvate . Stoichiometry of the enzyme reaction suggested that enzyme II-catalyzed cleavage occurred on only one enantiomer of the substrates . Furthermore, the metabolic pathway for the dissimilation of protocatechuate in P . ochraceae is presented and discussed in comparison with the pathway postulated previously by other workers. J Biochem (Tokyo), 1983 Feb, 93(2), 557 - 65 Purification and properties of 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate hydrolase; Maruyama K; A hydrolase which catalyzes specifically the interconversion between 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate and 4-oxalmesaconate was purified about 410-fold with a 16% yield from cell-free extracts of Pseudomonas ochraceae grown with phthalate . Upon disc gel electrophoresis, the enzyme preparation gave a single band which was coincident with the enzyme activity . The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 31,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and 33,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis . The isoelectric point of the enzyme was determined to be at pH 5.49 by isoelectric focusing . The enzyme is specific for 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate, and various other lactones did not serve as substrates . The stoichiometry of 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate hydrolysis, 4-oxalmesaconate formation and proton production was approximately 1:1:1 . The optimum pHs are 8.5 and 6.0 for hydrolysis and synthesis of 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate, respectively . Km values are 87 and 26 microM for 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate and 4-oxalmesaconate, respectively . At pH 8.5, the ratio of 4-oxalmesaconate to 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate at equilibrium is about 2.2 . Thiol reagents such as HgCl2 and p-chloromercuribenzoate strongly inhibit the enzyme activity. Carbohydr Res, 1983 Feb 1, 112(2), 241 - 52 Lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas maltophilia: composition of the lipopolysaccharide and structure of the side-chain polysaccharide from strain N.C.I.B . 9204; Wilkinson SG et al.; Lipopolysaccharide was extracted from defatted cell-walls of Pseudomonas maltophilia N.C.I.B . 9204 . The major fatty acid components were 9-methyldecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-9-methyldecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-9-methyldecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid, and 3-hydroxy-11-methyldodecanoic acid . Monosaccharide components of the phosphorylated core-oligosaccharide were D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galacturonic acid, 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose, and a 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid . The putative O-specific polysaccharide was composed mainly of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-arabinose, and 6-deoxy-L-talose, but also contained an O-acetyl group and small proportions of rhamnose and 6-deoxy-3-O-methyltalose . Degradative and n.m.r . (1H and 13C) studies showed that the polymer had a branched trisaccharide repeating-unit with the following structure; the O-acetyl group was tentatively assigned to C-2 of the 6-deoxytalopyranosyl residue . (Formula: see text). J Am Acad Dermatol, 1983 Feb, 8(2), 153 - 6 Hot tub dermatitis: a familial outbreak of Pseudomonas folliculitis; Silverman AR et al.; Pseudomonas folliculitis resulting from the use of spa pools, whirlpools, and hot tubs is a newly described disease that typically develops 8 to 48 hours after exposure in a contaminated facility . The eruption consists of pruritic papules, papulopustules, nodules, and urticarial lesions on the trunk and extremities . A family of three and a neighbor developed Pseudomonas folliculitis after using a home hot tub from which P . aeruginosa was cultured . Skin biopsies showed an acute, suppurative folliculitis and dermal abscess formation . Although the eruption usually resolves spontaneously within 7 to 10 days, proper maintenance of equipment and adequate disinfectant levels are necessary to prevent its recurrence. Z Allg Mikrobiol, 1983, 23(3), 181 - 7 {Regulation of citrate synthase in facultative methylotrophic bacteria}; Muller-Kraft G et al.; Commonly the TCA cycle fulfils an anabolic and a catabolic function in case of aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophic nutrition . In methylotrophic growth the TCA cycle is dispensable as a bioenergetic pathway . This is reflected by properties of citrate synthase in facultative methylotrophic bacteria . Two citrate synthases, a "chemoorganoheterotrophic" one, which is inhibited by NADH (or ATP in Acetobacter MB 58), and a "methylotrophic" one, which is not or less affected by energy indicators, were found in Pseudomonas oleovorans, Pseudomonas MS, Pseudomonas MA, and Acetobacter MB 58 . The concentration of these citrate synthases depends on the manner of nutrition . Bacteria with ICL-negative-variant of the serine pathway and with ribulosebisphosphate pathway seem to possess only a "chemoorganoheterotrophic" citrate synthase . Possibly the anabolic function of this citrate synthase can be realized by metabolites. J Biochem (Tokyo), 1983 Jan, 93(1), 169 - 76 Inhibition of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase by anions: possible existence of two anion-binding sites in the site for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; Shoun H et al.; Certain anions were found to inhibit p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas desmolytica . The inhibition was of competitive or mixed type with respect to NADPH (apparent Ki = 4-30 mM) . Among the anions, monovalent anions such as halogen ions and azide inhibited ionization of the phenolic hydroxyl group of the substrate (p-hydroxybenzoate) on binding with the enzyme . substrate complex of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, without dissociating the substrate from the enzyme . On the other hand, multivalent anions (anions of polybasic acids), such as inorganic phosphate, borate, and sulfate, did not inhibit the ionization . Halogen ions induced remarkable spectral changes in the FAD moiety of the enzyme on binding, while the change due to inorganic phosphate was only slight . Chloride inhibited the binding of NADH with the enzyme as well as that of NADPH, whereas borate inhibited the binding of only NADPH . These results indicate that the monovalent and multivalent anions probably bind to the sites in the enzyme which interact, respectively, with the pyrophosphate and 2'-phosphate moieties of NADPH . The results provide strong support for the catalytic mechanism in which the phenolate anion of p-hydroxybenzoate participates in the process of substrate hydroxylation by C (4a) peroxyflavin . The results also suggest that repeated ionization/neutralization of the phenolic hydroxyl group of the substrate may occur during one cycle of the catalytic turnover. Arch Biochem Biophys, 1983 Jan, 220(1), 253 - 62 Crystallization and properties of aromatic amine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp; Iwaki M et al.; An amine dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from an extract of a bacterium of the genus Pseudomonas grown in a medium containing beta-phenylethylamine as a sole carbon source and obtained in a crystalline form with about 100-fold purification . The purified enzyme catalyzed the oxidative deamination of various aromatic amines as well as some aliphatic amines to a lesser extent . An artificial electron acceptor such as phenazine methosulfate was required for the catalysis . The molecular weight determined by sedimentation equilibrium was 103,000 and the molecule seemed to be composed of two pairs of two nonidentical subunits (Mr 46,000 and 8000) . The enzyme had a dull yellow-green color with an absorption maximum at 445 nm and this chromophore appeared to be involved in the catalytic action of the enzyme. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1983 Jan, (1), 33 - 6 {Use of transformation for the chromosome mapping of Pseudomonas pseudomallei}; Tarasova TD et al.; The mapping of the chromosome sections in P . pseudomallei, responsible for the synthesis of histidine, has been carried out with the use of two- and three-factor crossing . Two new groups of marker linkage have been found: his 522 with ilv 658 and his 37 with asp 37 glu 37 . The linkage of some of the existing histidine mutations with locus his 37 has been revealed and the relative position of the markers in this linkage group has been shown. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1983 Jan, 127(1), 85 - 90 Comparison of bacterial adherence to ciliated and squamous epithelial cells obtained from the human respiratory tract; Niederman MS et al.; Previous in vitro studies have suggested that bacterial adherence to buccal squamous epithelial cells may be a mechanism involved in postoperative colonization of the oropharynx . However, the relationship between bacterial binding to oral epithelial and ciliated respiratory cells is unknown . To investigate bacterial binding to other cells in the human respiratory tract, we measured adherence of Pseudomonas seruginosa to ciliated cells (from nose and trachea) and compared this to squamous cells (from buccal mucosa), Cell samples were collected from 16 noncolonized individuals undergoing either elective surgery or volunteer bronchoscopy . Adherence (mean +/- SEM) to tracheal cells (4.6 +/- 0.8 bacteria per cell) and to nasal cells (4.7 +/- 0.6 bacteria per cell) was similar . These values significantly (p less than 0.001) exceeded buccal cell adherence (0.9 +/- 0.2 bacteria per cell) . Because cells from ciliated surfaces bind more bacteria than cells from squamous surfaces, bacterial adherence at these respiratory sites may involve different mechanisms . The enhanced bacterial attachment to ciliated cells may assume pathogenic importance when mucociliary function is impaired. Adv Exp Med Biol, 1983, 163, 359 - 74 A structural role for dihydropteroyl hexaglutamate in the tail baseplate of various bacteriophages; Kozloff LM; A novel non-metabolic role is proposed for dihydropteroyl hexaglutamate as a critical link binding together sub-structures of the tail of Escherichia coli bacteriophage T4 . Six molecules of this folate compound have been found to be components of the complex tail baseplate of the phage particle . The baseplate is assembled using a total of at least 18 viral gene products in a series of reactions in which six wedge-like elements (each 0.7 X 10(6) daltons) bind symmetrically around a central tail plug (1.55 X 10(6) daltons) to form a flat hexagonal structure . It appears likely that the pteridine portion of the folate binds to a site on a viral-induced dihydrofolate reductase molecule, a wedge component, while the glutamate residues of the folate bind to a viral-induced thymidylate synthase molecule, a central plug component . Additionally, it appears that the folyl glutamate residues play a role in forming a flexible bond between the proximal end of the phage long tail fiber and the baseplate . Two bacteriophages attacking a quite different bacterial host, Pseudomonas syringae, have been isolated and partially characterized . Both phage strains have tail structures morphologically analogous to T4 . Both were irreversibly inactivated by an enzyme which cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bonds of folyl polyglutamate . It appears that these Pseudomonas phage particles also contain a folyl poly-glutamate whose integrity is essential for their infectivity. J Bacteriol, 1983 Jan, 153(1), 326 - 34 Localization of polyamine enhancement of protein synthesis to subcellular components of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp . strain Kim; Rosano CL et al.; At 5 mM Mg2+, spermidine stimulation of polyphenylalanine synthesis by cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli was found to be about 30 times greater than that by extracts of Pseudomonas sp . strain Kim, a unique organism which lacks detectable levels of spermidine . By means of reconstitution experiments, the target of spermidine stimulation was localized to the protein fraction of the highspeed supernatant component (S-100) of E . coli and was absent from, or deficient in, the S-100 fraction of Pseudomonas sp . strain Kim . The spermidine stimulation did not appear to be due to the presence in the E . coli S-100 fraction of ribosomal protein S1, elongation factors, or E . coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases . The failure to observe spermidine stimulation by the Pseudomonas sp . strain Kim S-100 fraction was also not due to a spermidine-enhanced polyuridylic acid degradation . The synthesis of polyphenylalanine by Pseudomonas sp . strain Kim extracts was stimulated by putrescine and by S-(+)-2-hydroxyputrescine to a greater degree than was synthesis by E . coli extracts . The enhancement by putrescine and by S-(+)-2-hydroxyputrescine with Pseudomonas sp . strain Kim extracts was found to be due to effects on its ribosomes. J Bacteriol, 1983 Jan, 153(1), 532 - 4 Genetic homology between independently isolated chlorobenzoate-degradative plasmids; Chatterjee DK et al.; Two chlorobenzoate-degradative plasmids were studied by the hybridization of the restriction endonuclease-generated fragments of one plasmid after transfer to a nitrocellulose filter with nick-translated radioactive DNA of the other plasmid as a probe . Two strains harboring the 3-chlorobenzoic acid-degradative plasmids were isolated in two different parts of the world at two different times . The plasmids are now found to be closely related to each other by hybridization studies . The chlorobenzoate-degradative plasmid from Pseudomonas sp . strain B13 (termed pB13) has a 6-kilobase deletion but otherwise is homologous with previously described plasmid pAC25. J Cell Sci, 1982 Dec, 58, 445 - 53 Infections of Paramecium bursaria with bacteria and yeasts; Gortz HD; Infections of Paramecium bursaria with bacteria and yeasts are reported . Bacteria and yeasts multiply in the algae-free ciliate and are transmitted at various conditions as are symbiotic chlorellae . Like chlorellae, the bacteria and the yeast cells are situated in perisymbiont vacuoles . Both bacteria and yeasts maintain their capability for independent existence and can be grown on standard nutrient agar . Infection experiments show that aposymbiotic P . bursaria can be infected with Chlorella, bacteria and yeast . Chlorella-bearing P . bursaria cannot be infected with bacteria or yeast . Bacteria-bearing paramecia can be infected with Chlorella but not with yeast . Yeast-bearing paramecia can be infected with Chlorella but not with bacteria . Following infections with Chlorella the paramecia lose their bacteria or yeast symbionts . The bacteria found in P . bursaria probably belong to the genus Pseudomonas; the yeast has been identified as Rodutorula rubra. Eur J Biochem, 1982 Dec, 129(1), 197 - 203 Properties of purified Orange II azoreductase, the enzyme initiating azo dye degradation by Pseudomonas KF46; Zimmermann T et al.; Orange II azoreductase {NAD(P)H: 1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol oxidoreductase}, an enzyme catalyzing the reductive cleavage of the azo bridge of Orange II and related dyes, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from Pseudomonas species, strain KF46 . This organism utilized carboxy-Orange II {1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol} but not Orange II as the sole source of carbon, energy, and nitrogen . Orange II azoreductase was induced 80-fold by both Orange II and carboxy-Orange II . With two successive runs of affinity chromatography using two chromatographic media with different triazinyl dyes as ligands, the enzyme was purified 120-fold with 43% yield . The purified enzyme is a monomer with a molecular weight of 30,000 . Its Km values were 1.5 microM for both Orange II and carboxy-Orange II, 5 microM for NADPH, and 180 microM for NADH . A survey of the efficiency of various Orange dyes as substrates for Orange II azoreductase showed that: (a) a hydroxy group in the 2-position of the naphthol ring is required; (b) charged groups in proximity to the azo group hinder the reaction; (c) a second polar substituent on the dye molecule impedes the reaction; (d) electron-withdrawing groups on the phenyl ring accelerate the reaction. J Bacteriol, 1982 Dec, 152(3), 1154 - 62 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid, a catabolite of gallic acids in Pseudomonas species; Kersten PJ et al.; 2-Pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate hydrolase was purified from 4-hydroxybenzoate-grown Pseudomonas testosteroni . Gel filtration and electrophoretic measurements indicated that the preparation was homogeneous and gave a molecular weight of 37,200 for the single subunit of the enzyme . Hydrolytic activity was dependent upon a functioning sulfhydryl group(s) and was freely reversible; the equilibrium position was dependent upon pH, with equimolar amounts of pyrone and open-chain form present at pH 7.9 . Since the hydrolase was strongly induced when the nonfluorescent organisms P . testosteroni and P . acidovorans grew with 4-hydroxybenzoate, it is suggested that 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate is a normal intermediate in the meta fission degradative pathway of protocatechuate . Laboratory strains of fluorescent pseudomonads did not metabolize 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate, but a strain of P . putida was isolated from soil that utilized this compound for growth; the hydrolase was then induced, but it was absent from extracts of 4-hydroxybenzoate-grown cells that readily catabolized protocatechuate by ortho fission reactions . 2-Pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid was the major product formed when gallic acid was oxidized by purified protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase . Protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase gave only the open-chain ring fission product when gallic acid was oxidized, but the enzyme attacked 3-O-methylgallic acid, giving 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid as the major product . Cell suspensions of 4-hydroxybenzoate-grown P . testosteroni readily oxidized 3-O-methylgallate with accumulation of methanol. P N G Med J, 1982 Dec, 25(4), 248 - 52 Disinfectant usage and hygiene practises at Port Moresby General Hospital; Bauer C; A survey was conducted during August-October 1981, to assess the need for disinfectant policy for the Port Moresby General Hospital . Data collected revealed confusion amongst the nursing staff regarding the correct use of various detergents and disinfectants, an unacceptably high incidence of post-operative infections, evidence of poor general cleaning of the hospital and evidence of contamination of the distilled water supply in the Central Sterilizing Department by Pseudomonas species . There is an urgent need for the formation of a committee to advise and promote a disinfectant policy for the hospital, to ensure that this is followed by nursing and cleaning staff and to establish continuous surveillance of hygiene standards within the hospital. J Bacteriol, 1982 Dec, 152(3), 1280 - 3 Physical mapping of TOL plasmids pWWO and pND2 and various R plasmid-TOL derivatives from Pseudomonas spp; Lehrbach PR et al.; Analysis of several independently isolated R plasmid-TOL hybrids revealed a wide variation in the amount of TOL DNA they contain . If the formation of the various R plasmid-TOL hybrids involves transposition (which has yet to be rigorously assessed), such transposition does not involve a unique segment of TOL DNA. J Biol Chem, 1982 Nov 10, 257(21), 12589 - 93 Mass spectrometric studies of a modified active-site tetrapeptide from delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase of Pseudomonas testosteroni; Penning TM et al.; Examination of the product of affinity labeling of delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase (EC 5.3.3.1) of Pseudomonas testosteroni by the suicide substrate {7-3H}5,10-secoestr-5-yne-3,10,17-trione has demonstrated that the steroid becomes bound by an acid- and base-labile linkage to an active-site peptide representing residues 55-58 (H2N-Tyr-Ala-Asn-Ser-CO2H) of the primary structure (Penning, T . M., and Talalay, P . (1981) J . Biol . Chem . 256, 6851-6858) . Upon release of the steroid by mild acid hydrolysis, the peptide is converted into a more basic structure while retaining its amino acid composition (as determined by conventional means) . These findings were rationalized by postulating that the steroid is bound as an imido ester via the amide group of asparagine 57 and that the polypeptide backbone participates (via attack by nitrogen or oxygen) in the hydrolysis of this ester with the formation of a cyclic amidine or basic oxazine . By comparing the properties of the isolated tetrapeptide, from which the steroid has been removed, with those of synthetic H2N-Tyr-Ala-Asn-Ser-CO2H and H2N-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Ser-CO2H by electron impact and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, we now have evidence for the presence of an oxazine (5,6-dihydro-6-iminio-4H-1,3-oxazine) in the modified peptide . Our results draw attention to the hitherto unsuspected degree of nucleophilicity of the amide group of the side chain of asparagine and the participation of this group in the formation of an imido ester. J Biol Chem, 1982 Nov 10, 257(21), 12497 - 502 Subunit structure of oxygenase component in benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase system from Pseudomonas arvilla C-1; Yamaguchi M et al.; Benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase system from Pseudomonas arvilla C-1 consists of two protein components, benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase reductase and benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase (Yamaguchi, M., and Fujisawa, H . (1980) J . Biol . Chem . 255, 5058-5063) . Benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase exhibited two protein bands (alpha and beta) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their molecular weights were estimated to the 50,000 and 20,000, respectively . The intensities of protein staining on polyacrylamide gels suggested that these two subunits were present in equimolar quantities in benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase . Molecular weight of benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase was estimated to be 201,000 by sedimentation equilibrium (Yphantis method) . The values of molecular weights of native enzyme and its subunits suggested that the subunit structure of benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase may be alpha 3 beta 3 . Cross-linking experiments also suggested the same subunit structure . These two subunits were separated from each other by Ultrogel AcA44 chromatography in the presence of 6 M urea . Amino acid compositions of the two subunits were examined and compared with that of native enzyme . NH2-terminal amino acids of alpha and beta subunits were both serine, and isoelectric points of alpha and beta in the presence of 6 M urea were determined to be pH 5.6 and pH 4.8, respectively . The enzyme contained 8.2 mol of iron and 5.9 mol of labile sulfide/mol of enzyme, suggesting the presence of additional iron atoms besides iron-sulfur clusters . The isolated beta subunit did not contain any significant amounts of iron and labile sulfide, but the alpha subunit contained approximately 2 mol each of iron and labile sulfide and exhibited an absorption spectrum of binuclear iron cluster type. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1982 Nov, 44(5), 1026 - 9 Distribution of bacterial plasmids in clean and polluted sites in a South Wales river; Burton NF et al.; We isolated 400 aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from the sediment of unpolluted and polluted sites in a fast-flowing south Wales river . Isolates were subjected to taxonomic tests and screened for the presence of plasmid DNA by alkaline lysis and agarose gel techniques . There were no significant differences between sites in either the total percentage of isolates containing plasmids (unpolluted site, 9.4%; polluted site, 15%) or in the percentage of non-Pseudomonas-like isolates containing plasmids (unpolluted site, 15%; polluted site, 10%) . There were significantly more Pseudomonas-like isolates with plasmids at the polluted site than at the unpolluted site (unpolluted site, 7%; polluted site, 18%) . This presumably reflected a response of the nutritionally versatile Pseudomonas-like isolates to conditions at that site . The majority (86%) of the plasmids detected had molecular masses between 35 and 312 megadaltons . These plasmids were large enough to carry genes for conjugal transfer, suggesting the possibility of such transfer in this environment. Jpn J Antibiot, 1982 Nov, 35(11), 2708 - 12 {Clinical application of cefsulodin in gravely ill children with Pseudomonas infection}; Okamoto K et al.; Our investigation of cefsulodin in pediatric Pseudomonas infect ion produced the following results . 1 . Cefsulodin (CFS) was administered intravenously by one shot or drip infusion in 3 patients with Pseudomonas infections . These diseases consisted of pneumonia with IgA deficiency, ALL with opportunistic infection, UTI with paraplegia due to spina bifida . CFS was effective in all cases . 2 . Transient eosinophilia was observed in 1 case . But other side effect was not noted in any cases. J Bacteriol, 1982 Nov, 152(2), 797 - 802 Integration and partial excision of a cryptic plasmid in Pseudomonas syringae pv . phaseolicola; Curiale MS et al.; A virulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv . phaseolicola, a pathogen of the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris (L.), was shown to harbor a 98-megadalton cryptic plasmid, pMC7105 . After exposure of this strain to the plasmid-curing agent mitomycin C, a colony was isolated which had no detectable extrachromosomal DNA . Hybridization of labeled pMC7105 probe to nitrocellulose filters containing Southern-blotted BamHI cleavage products of cellular DNA revealed that pMC7105 was integrated into the chromosome rather than cured from this strain . Imprecise excision of pMC7105 resulted in the formation of three smaller plasmids of 34, 50, and 58 megadaltons . BamHI and EcoRI fingerprint analyses revealed that these plasmids were excised from a common region of pMC7105 . The BamHI fragments of pMC7105 which were not present in the excision plasmids remained integrated and could be detected by hybridization of pMC7105 probe to Southern-blotted cellular DNA from these strains . Certain chromosomal fragments also had homology with the pMC7105 probe . The excision plasmids were stably maintained and neither integration nor excision altered the pathogenicity of these strains. J Pharm Sci, 1982 Nov, 71(11), 1231 - 4 Factors affecting survival of Pseudomonas cepacia in decongestant nasal sprays containing thimerosal as preservative; Decicco BT et al.; Strains of Pseudomonas cepacia, isolated from packages of nasal spray preserved with thimerosal, showed a high degree of resistance to the organomercurial, as compared to low and moderate resistance of standard laboratory strains or isolates from water . The product isolates were shown to degrade the thimerosal to metallic mercury which volatilized from the product or assay medium . The addition of organic nutrient was essential for survival of unadapted cells in the product . However, when cells were first grown in diluted product containing added nutrient and then inoculated into the full-strength product, survival and growth occurred even in the absence of added nutrient . The time required for growth to occur was inversely related to the amount of added nutrient . At low nutrient concentrations, approximately 99.9% of the inoculated cells were killed rapidly, but after a lag time of 7-12 days, the few survivors began to increase in numbers and eventually attained high cell concentrations . These findings should be useful in planning production and testing programs with thimerosal-preserved products. Histochem J, 1982 Nov, 14(6), 897 - 910 The effect of digestion with keratanase (Pseudomonas sp.) on certain histochemical reactions for glycosaminoglycans in cartilaginous and corneal tissues; Yamada K et al.; The effect of digestion with keratanase (Pseudomonas sp.) on the Alcian Blue (AB) pH 1.0, pH 2.5, Aldehyde Fuchsin, high iron diamine, low iron diamine and dialysed iron-ferrocyanide reactions has been tested in the costal and ear cartilage tissues of the rabbit and corneal tissues of the rat and rabbit . The effect of digestion with chondroitinases ABC and AC on the same reactions was examined in the same tissues for comparison . Digestion with keratanase diminished the intensity of all the reactions in the cartilage tissues to a variable extent; however, the diminutions in intensity of the reactions appeared to be less marked as compared with those following digestion with two chondroitinases . In the corneal stroma, all the reactions were markedly reduced in intensity following digestion with keratanase . In contrast, these reactions were only slightly or moderately diminished in intensity by digestion with the two chondroitinases . As glycosamino-glycans are known to be present in cartilage and corneal tissues and the substrate specificities of the three enzymes used are now well established, the present results are consistent with the concept that keratanase specifically degrades and releases keratan sulphates involved in the tissues. J Biol Chem, 1982 Oct 25, 257(20), 11922 - 31 Blue color, metal content, and substrate binding in 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp . strain P . J . 874; Lindstedt S et al.; Purified preparations of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp . strain P . J . 874 are blue, epsilon 595-850 approximately 2.6 +/- 0.5 (n = 6) mM-1 cm-1 . Iron and zinc were the only metals detected by x-ray fluorescence of an enzyme preparation and the mean content in different preparation as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy was 0.95 +/- 0.17 (n = 6) and 0.68 +/- 0.27 (n = 7) mol/mol 150-kilodalton tetramer, respectively . It is yet unclear if zinc is a contaminant or may be given a structural role . Results with iron chelators and reductants showed that the 595-nm absorbance is linked to enzyme-bound Fe3+ and that reduction of iron, which occurs concomitantly with disappearance of the color, is required for enzyme activity . The enol tautomer of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate appeared to form 2:1 a complex with enzyme-bound Fe3+, which may be the cause of the long known substrate inhibition of the enzyme . Iron chelation also seemed to be involved in the inhibition by other substrate analogues, i.e . substituted catechols and those with one phenolic hydroxyl group in ortho position to short carboxylic acid side chains . Together, substrate analogue, pH, and modification studies indicated that the tautomerizable keto group with a double bond in 3-4 position favors productive substrate binding to Fe2+ and a base with a pK alpha of approximately 6.4. Cancer, 1982 Oct 15, 50(8), 1462 - 71 Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia: prognostic factors in adults with long-term follow-up; Passe S et al.; Seventy-nine adult patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were treated on the L-6 protocol at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between May 1970 and January 1974 . Forty-two patients achieved a complete remission (CR) and nine of these are still disease free, with a minimum of seven years of follow-up . An extensive statistical analysis has been carried out on a large number of pretreatment and treatment characteristics to identify factors related to CR and remission duration . Multivariate regression techniques yielded as favorable characteristics associated with CR, in order of importance: young age at diagnosis, the presence of Auer rods at diagnosis, and treatment with Pseudomonas vaccine . A regression model for remission duration identified as favorable prognostic factors for long-term remission: at most two courses of induction therapy, an intermediate age range, and a low platelet count at diagnosis. J Biochem (Tokyo), 1982 Oct, 92(4), 1235 - 40 Purification and characterization of a novel L-phenylalanine oxidase (Deaminating and decarboxylating) from Pseudomonas sp . P-501; Koyama H; L-Phenylalanine oxidase from Pseudomonas sp . P-501 has been purified to homogeneity as judged by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation . The enzyme produced both beta-phenylpyruvate and alpha-phenylacetamide from L-phenylalanine . Balance studies demonstrated that consumption of 1 mol each of L-phenylalanine and oxygen resulted in the formation of 0.2 mol each of beta-phenylpyruvate, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide and 0.8 mol each of alpha-phenylacetamide and carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions . Thus, the same enzyme preparation catalyzed simultaneous oxidative deamination and oxygenative decarboxylation of L-phenylalanine . Besides L-phenylalanine, the enzyme oxidized L-tyrosine, L-methionine, and L-tryptophan at lower reaction rates. Biokhimiia, 1982 Oct, 47(10), 1629 - 34 {Properties of pyruvate carboxylase of the facultative methylotrope Pseudomonas oleovorans}; Loginova NV et al.; Pyruvate carboxylase of the facultative methylotroph Pseudomonas oleovorans was purified 40-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 34, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Biogel A and concentration on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B . The enzyme exerts its maximal activity in the presence of Mg2+ (pH 7.5, 40 degrees), is unstable and completely inactivated within 6 hrs at 25 degrees . In the presence of Mg2+ monovalent cations stimulate the enzyme activity . The molecular weight of pyruvate carboxylase as determined by gel filtration of Sepharose CL-6B is 300,000 . The enzyme molecule contains biotin . The apparent Km values for pyruvate, ATP and HCO3- are 1.77, 0.19 and 0.23 mM, respectively . CoASAc, alpha-ketoglutarate and glutamate have no effect on the enzyme activity . The enzyme is inhibited by aspartate, malate, oxaloacetate and is activated by citrate, isocitrate and phosphosugars . The role of pyruvate carboxylase in methylotrophic metabolism of Ps . oleovorans is discussed. Br J Ophthalmol, 1982 Oct, 66(10), 663 - 6 Extended-wear aphakic soft contact lenses and corneal ulcers; Eichenbaum JW et al.; A review of 100 aphakic extended-wear soft contact lenses is presented for the period July 1980 to August 1981 . Four previously successfully fitted patients with either American Optical Company's Sofcon or Cooper Laboratories' Permalens for extended wear developed corneal ulcers either directly under the lenses or shortly after removal . Three of the female patients were well controlled diabetics without retinopathy, one of whom sustained severe visual loss and neovascular glaucoma after a pseudomonas ulcer . Another patient, who had developed a Seratia marcescens ulcer 3 months later, developed metastatic carcinoma of the bowel . Special attention to diabetic aphakic patients being fitted with extended-wear soft contact lenses is suggested. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1982 Oct, 22(4), 564 - 70 Purification and properties of inducible penicillin beta-lactamase isolated from Pseudomonas maltophilia; Saino Y et al.; Two types of beta-lactamase were found in the cell-free extract from Pseudomonas maltophilia GN12873 . One was an inducible penicillin beta-lactamase, and the other was an inducible cephalosporin beta-lactamase . The purified penicillin beta-lactamase gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . The isoelectric point was 6.9, and the approximate molecular weight was 118,000 by gel filtration and 26,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting that this enzyme consisted of four subunits . For the hydrolysis of penicillin G, the optimal pH was 8.0 and the optimal temperature was 35 degrees C . The enzyme activity was inhibited by cephamycin derivatives, carpetimycins A and B, iodine, and HgCl2, but not by clavulanic acid . Furthermore, beta-lactamase activity was almost completely inhibited by EDTA but was recovered by the addition of zinc ion . The enzyme showed a unique substrate profile, hydrolyzing N-formimidoyl thienamycin at a significant rate. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1982 Oct, (10), 25 - 9 {Cell-free Pseudomonas vaccine . IV . Laboratory trials of the effectiveness of experimental Pseudomonas vaccines}; Stanislavskii ES et al.; Partially purified water-soluble cellular protein antigens have been obtained from 2 newly isolated P . aeruginosa strains and 1 museum P . aeruginosa strain, belonging to immunotypes 2, 3 and 7, by the method of preparative ultracentrifugation . Such trivalent P . aeruginosa vaccine (PV) has proved to be effective in direct and cross experiments of the active protection of mice . The method of ultrafiltration has been used to prepare monovalent PV from a newly isolated strain belonging to immunotype 3/7 . This monovalent PV has been found to stimulate immunity to infection with homologous or heterologous P . aeruginosa strains in mice . The comparison of the results obtained in the study of PV prepared by the methods of ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration suggests that both these methods for the isolation and purification of P . aeruginosa protective protein antigens are equally effective. Laryngoscope, 1982 Oct, 92(10 Pt 1), 1130 - 4 Infectious facial and nasal cutaneous necrosis: evaluation and diagnosis; Koopmann CF Jr et al.; A review of the literature reveals that pyogenic gangrenosum (ecthyma gangrenosum) is fatal to most patients, especially infants . In this article, the authors review the differential diagnosis of facial necrosis, present two cases of infants who succumbed to the systemic manifestations of the disorder, and a third case of survival in an adult with concomitant systemic lupus erythematosus and pyogenic gangrenosum . Finally, a brief discussion of Pseudomonas gastroenteritis, Pseudomonas septicemia, and pseudomembranous enterocolitis is presented. Biochem J, 1982 Oct 1, 207(1), 161 - 5 The autoreducible cytochromes c of the methylotrophs Methylophilus methylotrophus and Pseudomonas AM1; Beardmore-Gray M et al.; The two types of soluble cytochrome c (cytochrome cH and cytochrome cL) found in methylotrophs are completely distinct proteins; one type is not a dimer or degradation product of the other . Free thiol groups are probably not involved in the unusually rapid autoreduction of the cytochromes at high pH . The axial ligands to the haem iron, histidine and methionine, are the same as in other low-spin cytochromes c . The methionine ligand is displaced at high pH by an alternative strong-field ligand . This displacement does not occur on reduction of cytochrome cL by methanol dehydrogenase, but this does not rule out the possibility that the autoreduction mechanism is involved in the interaction of the dehydrogenase and cytochrome c. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1982 Sep 14, 712(3), 571 - 5 Isolation of an unusual 'lipid A' type glycolipid from Pseudomonas paucimobilis; Kawahara K et al.; A new glycolipid was isolated from defatted cells of Pseudomonas paucimobilis IAM 12576, and called 'bound lipid' . The 'bound lipid' could not be extracted by hot phenol extraction, but could be extracted with hot chloroform/methanol after hydrolysis with 5% trichloroacetic acid . The 'bound lipid' was purified by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates using the solvent mixture CHCl3/CH3OH/CH3COOOH/ H2O (25:15:4:2, v/v) . It consisted of glucosamine, 2-hydroxy myristic acid, galactose, mannose and uronic acid with ratios of 1.0:0.75:0.77:0.44:1.5, respectively, and other fatty acids besides 2-hydroxy myristic acid were not detected in the 'bound lipid' . 2-Hydroxy myristic acid was probably bound to glucosamine residues by amide linkage, because mild alkali treatment did not liberate the fatty acid . From these results, we discussed the possibility that the 'bound lipid' was some kind of lipid A of this bacteria. J Bacteriol, 1982 Sep, 151(3), 1602 - 4 Ferrous- or cobalt ion-dependent D-(-)-tartrate dehydratase of pseudomonads: purification and properties; Rode H et al.; D-(-)-Tartrate dehydratases {D-(-)-tartrate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1...} were isolated from two Pseudomonas strains . The molecular weights of the native enzymes were determined to be 72,000 and 7 8,000, respectively, and each enzyme was composed of two subunits of identical size . The dehydratases had no requirements for thiol compounds, were insensitive to oxygen, and required Fe2+ (0.1 mM) or Co2+ (0.5 mM) ions for optimal activity. J Clin Microbiol, 1982 Sep, 16(3), 417 - 21 Enzymatic profile of Pseudomonas maltophilia; O'Brien M et al.; An enzymatic profile of 20 strains of Pseudomonas maltophilia was undertaken with conventional plate tests, API ZYM, and 4-methylumbelliferyl-conjugated substrates . All strains produced DNase, RNase, arbutinase, esterases and lipases, mucinase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, alkaline pyrophosphate diesterase, phosphoamidase, beta-glucosidase, leucine arylamidase, and acetatase and were hemolytic for horse, sheep, and rabbit blood . The majority of strains produced chitinase, hyaluronidase, albuminase, valine arylamidase, trypsin, alpha- and beta-glucosidases, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase . API ZYM and 4-methylumbelliferyl-conjugated substrate assays are rapid, simple, specific, and sensitive and may be useful as diagnostic aids in the identification of P . maltophilia and other pseudomonads. J Bacteriol, 1982 Sep, 151(3), 1230 - 6 Mercuric reductase enzyme from a mercury-volatilizing strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans; Olson GJ et al.; Cell-free mercury volatilization activity (mercuric reductase) was obtained from a mercury-volatilizing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans strain, and the properties of intact-cell and cell-free activities were compared with those determined by plasmid R100 in Escherichia coli . Intact cells of T . ferrooxidans volatilized mercury at pH 2.5, whereas cells of E . coli did not . Cell-free enzyme preparations from both bacteria functioned best at or above neutral pH and not at all at pH 2.5 . The T . ferrooxidans mercuric reductase was a soluble enzyme that was dependent upon added NAD(P)H . The enzyme activity was stable at 80 degrees C, required an added thiol compound, and was stimulated by EDTA . Antisera against purified mercuric reductases from transposon Tn501 and plasmid R831 (which inactivated mercuric reductases from a wide range of enteric and pseudomonad strains) did not inactivate the enzyme from T . ferrooxidans. Biochemistry, 1982 Aug 31, 21(18), 4491 - 5 Isolation and characterization of a new hydroxamic acid from Pseudomonas mildenbergii; Hulcher FH; A low molecular weight hydroxamic acid was produced by Pseudomonas mildenbergii in iron-deficient media associated with green fluorescent peptides . The chemical structure of this hydroxamic acid has been investigated for comparison to known iron-binding siderophores . The hydroxamic acid was extracted from lyophilized culture media with ethanol and methanol and crystallized as the hydrochloride . The product had a molecular weight of 202.6 and an empirical formula of C9H11O2N X HCl and contained hydroxylamine nitrogen . The infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral data suggested that the chemical structure was N-methylphenylacetohydroxamic acid . N-Methylphenylacetohydroxamic acid was synthesized, and its melting point, elemental analysis, and molecular weight were identical with those of the natural product . The compound chelated ferric iron, producing a distinctive iron chelate absorption band at 470 nm . Its relationship to the green fluorescent peptides is discussed. J Biol Chem, 1982 Aug 25, 257(16), 9258 - 60 Activation of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase by limited proteolysis with subtilisin; Horowitz PM et al.; Oxidized Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase (ferrocytochrome c2: oxygen oxidoreductase; E.C.1.9.3.2) can be digested with subtilisin under controlled conditions that convert the original parent polypeptide chain (Mr on SDS gels approximately equal to 60,000) to a slightly smaller species (Mr on SDS gels approximately equal to 58,000) . Under the conditions used (0.33% subtilisin, w/w, pH 7.4), the product formed from the oxidase was relatively stable to further digestion . Cytochrome oxidase activity was assayed at intervals during proteolysis by following the rate of oxidation of Pseudomonas ferrocytochrome c-551 by the enzyme in the presence of oxygen . The activity increased to a plateau that was more than two times the value for an untreated control . These observations suggest that clipping a small peptide from Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase either facilitates the rate-limiting electron transfer between the intraprotein heme c and heme d1, enhances the interaction of the enzyme with ferrocytochrome c-551, or both. Am J Ophthalmol, 1982 Aug, 94(2), 216 - 9 Factors that influence the efficacy of topical gentamicin prophylaxis for experimental Pseudomonas keratitis; Nassif KF et al.; We evaluated the efficacy of topical gentamicin prophylaxis for experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits by applying gentamicin in concentrations of 0.3 and 4 mg/100 ml, in both solution and ointment vehicles, one or four hours after a superficial stromal scratch was infected topically with Pseudomonas organisms . Under these conditions the most effective prophylaxis was that given early, in solution, and in high concentration. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol, 1982 Aug, 18(8), 733 - 7 Acute myelogenous leukemia: successful treatment of relapse with cytosine arabinoside, VP 16-213, vincristine and vinblastine (A-triple-V); Sauter C et al.; Between March 1980 and January 1982, 15 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in relapse were treated with one or more cycles of a combination chemotherapy consisting of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), VP 16-213, vincristine and vinblastine (A-triple-V) . Of a total of 20 treatment cycles given, one partial and 15 complete remissions were achieved, there was no change in the bone marrow in two cases, one patient died due to Pseudomonas septicemia during an apparently normal bone marrow regeneration and one patient died of Candida infection while in aplasia . With 15 out of 20 (75%) successful relapse treatment courses, A-triple-V should be tested in first-line protocols. Can J Biochem, 1982 Aug, 60(8), 798 - 803 Partial purification and characterization of a membrane-associated steroid-binding protein from Pseudomonas testosteroni; Francis M et al.; A steroid-binding protein obtained from the supernatant of the final wash from the preparation of membrane vesicles was purified severalfold to near homogeneity . The protein binds C18 and C19 steroids but has the highest affinity for androstenedione (Kd = 1.6 x 10(-10) M) . The molecular weight is 51,000 - 58,000 . Binding activity is slightly inhibited by Cu2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ and completely inhibited by Zn2+ . The protein has no detectable steroid degradative activity . Analysis of androstenedione binding revealed negative cooperativity of binding for this ligand and may indicate a regulatory function for this protein . It is postulated that this protein binds the steroid after testosterone is converted to androstenedione. Can J Microbiol, 1982 Aug, 28(8), 989 - 92 Effects of medium composition on cell pigmentation, cytochrome content, and ferric iron reduction in a Pseudomonas sp . isolated from crude oil; Obuekwe CO et al.; Cells of a pseudomonad associated with pipeline corrosion grown on a complex medium were orange in color and vigorously reduced ferric iron . The intensity of orange color of cells grown on a synthetic medium and their ability to reduce ferric iron was directly related to the iron content of the medium . Absorption spectrophotometric data show a direct relationship between color of cells, cytochrome content, and ability to reduce ferric iron . Carbon monoxide markedly, but not completely, inhibits the reduction of ferric iron . The data presented indicate that ferric iron can serve as a terminal electron acceptor for cytochrome-associated respiratory processes of this corrosive pseudomonad. J Steroid Biochem, 1982 Jul, 17(1), 67 - 9 Testosterone-dependent oxygen consumption in membrane vesicles of Pseudomonas testosteroni; Culos D et al.; Oxygen consumption was measured in membrane vesicles of Pseudomonas testosteroni using conditions similar to those identified for testosterone transport in these vesicles . Testosterone and NAD+, which are primary requirements for testosterone transport, were both required for maximum oxygen consumption suggesting that testosterone transport and oxygen consumption were linked . Testosterone-dependent oxygen consumption was inhibited by 95% by 1 mM KCN indicating that the electron-transport chain could be involved in this process . Respiration appears to play in important role in the transport of steroids by membrane vesicles of P . testosteroni. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg {A}, 1982 Jul, 252(3), 370 - 83 {Protective effect of Pseudomonas-specific immunoglobulin from the rabbit and of active immunization in experimental Pseudomonas sepsis in mice}; Trautmann M et al.; Using the model of an experimental Pseudomonas septicemia in mice, the protective effect of specific antipseudomonal immunoglobulin from rabbits was examined . During bacterial spreading in the bloodstream, a protective effect could be demonstrated under certain conditions . The degree of protection was equivalent to that achieved by active immunization . After bacterial colonization and replication in parenchymal organs no further therapeutic effect could be detected. Lancet, 1982 Jun 19, 1(8286), 1401 - 4 Obstructive azoospermia as a diagnostic criterion for the cystic fibrosis syndrome; Stern RC et al.; In some male patients with findings characteristic of cystic fibrosis, but normal sweat chloride concentrations, the demonstration of obstruction azoospermia has been pivotal in diagnosis . It is proposed that cystic fibrosis be diagnosed if the patient has at least two of three major criteria (marked rise in sweat chloride concentration, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pseudomonas infection, and unexplained obstructive azoospermia) or has one major criterion together with one of several minor criteria--including positive family history and childhood onset of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency . Inclusion of unusual variants within the cystic fibrosis syndrome has major theoretical implications for pathogenesis and practical importance for genetic counselling and patient care. J Gen Microbiol, 1982 Jun, 128(Pt 6), 1199 - 202 Arogenate (pretyrosine) pathway of tyrosine and phenylalanine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aureofaciens ATCC 15926; Keller B et al.; Assays of enzyme activities suggest that arogenate, the product of prephenate transamination, is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of both phenylalanine and tyrosine in Pseudomonas aureofaciens ATCC 15926 . In addition to prephenate dehydratase and prephenate dehydrogenase, arogenate dehydratase and arogenate dehydrogenase activities were demonstrated . This pattern of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in pseudomonads had previously been demonstrated only in P . aeruginosa . Arogenate dehydrogenase from P . aureofaciens differs from that in P . aeruginosa in its utilization of either NAD+ or NADP+ as cofactor and its inhibition by L-tyrosine . During ammonium sulphate fractionation, arogenate dehydratase co-precipitated with prephenate dehydratase I activity and not with prephenate dehydratase II . The pattern of regulation of the arogenate route to tyrosine in P . aureofaciens ATCC 15926 differed from that previously reported for strain ATCC 13986. Can J Microbiol, 1982 Jun, 28(6), 600 - 4 Bacteriocin production by Pseudomonas syringae PsW-1 in plant tissue; Smidt ML et al.; The production and activity of syringacin W-1, a particulate bacteriocin made by Pseudomonas syringae PsW-1, was studied in plant tissue . The bacteriocin is rod shaped, approximately 20 nm wide and 75 nm long, and composed of an outer sheath and inner core . Both the producing strain, PsW-1, and a sensitive strain, 16, grew within red kidney bean stems . Strains PsW-1 and 16, or mutants derived from them, were injected into bean stems singly or in mixtures . All singly inoculated strains grew well . However, when the bacteriocin-producing strain was co-inoculated with the sensitive strain, the latter grew poorly, if at all . This was not due to competition for available nutrients, since the sensitive strain grew as well in the presence of a bacteriocin-nonproducing mutant as it did alone . Also, a bacteriocin-resistant mutant grew as well in the presence of a bacteriocin-nonproducing mutant as it did alone . Also, a bacteriocin-resistant mutant grew as well in the presence of the producing strain as it did alone . Bacteriocin activity and particles were recovered from infected plant tissue. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1982 Jun, 43(6), 1504 - 6 Identification of volatile organic compounds produced by fluorescent pseudomonads on chicken breast muscle; Pittard BT et al.; Four different fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from spoiled, uncooked chicken breasts and were grown in pure culture on initially sterile chicken breast muscle at 2 to 6 degrees C for 14 days . The volatile compounds produced by each culture were concentrated on a porous polymer precolumn and separated and identified by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Laryngoscope, 1982 Jun, 92(6 Pt 1), 672 - 3 Bacterial flora of the external canal in diabetics and non-diabetics; Salit IE et al.; Diabetics are prone to severe Pseudomonas otitis externa, but it is unknown if this is due to abnormal colonization of the external auditory canal . The bacterial and fungal flora of 26 diabetics and 29 age-matched controls was studied and found to be similar . Subjects with diabetes had more cerumen and a past history of more frequent external otitis than non-diabetics . It is concluded that diabetics probably have more frequent and severe external otitis because of undefined abnormal host defense mechanisms and not because of enhanced colonization by pathogens. J Bacteriol, 1982 Jun, 150(3), 1340 - 7 Pseudomonas cepacia mutants blocked in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway; Allenza P et al.; Pseudomonas cepacia mutants deficient in either 6-phosphogluconate (6PGA) dehydratase (Edd-) or 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) aldolase (Eda-) failed to utilize glucose or gluconate despite the prominence of of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGAD) ii this bacterium and the potential for utilizing the pentose shunt suggested by its growth on ribitol and xylose . The Eda- strains grew normally on glucuronic acid, indicating that in P . cepacia its degradation does not depend upon KDPG aldolase as it does in Escherichia coli . Both 6PGA dehydratase and KDPG aldolase were inducible enzymes, with 6PGA rather than gluconate the apparent inducer . Edd- as well as Eda- strains were sensitive to growth inhibition by glucose, gluconate, fructose, and related carbohydrates when these substrates were present in combination with alternate carbon sources such as citrate or phthalate, presumably as a consequence of accumulation and toxicity of 6PGA, KDPG, or both . Edd- mutants were somewhat less sensitive to such inhibition than were Eda- strains . Certain derivatives of the Edd- strains we examined were able to utilize gluconate despite their deficiency of 6PGA dehydratase . Such mutants formed higher levels of 6PGAD than did the wild type . It is likely that the elevated levels of 6PGAD in these strains prevents accumulation of toxic levels of 6PGA that would otherwise result from a block in he Entner-Doudoroff pathway . The results suggest that P . cepacia can mutate to grow slowly on gluconate utilizing only the pentose shunt. J Bacteriol, 1982 Jun, 150(3), 1348 - 56 Enzymes related to fructose utilization in Pseudomonas cepacia; Allenza P et al.; Growth of Pseudomonas cepacia on fructose, mannitol, or sorbitol depended on formation of an inducible fructokinase (forming fructose-6-phosphate) and the presence of enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway . Mutants deficient in any of these enzymes failed to utilize the aforementioned carbohydrates . Fructokinase deficiency did not affect growth of the bacteria on glucose . Fructose was accumulated intracellularly by active transport . Mutants blocked in transport of fructose grew normally on mannitol or sorbitol despite their inability to utilize fructose . Growth on either of these hexitols or on galactitol was accompanied by induction of two hexitol dehydrogenases, one active primarily with mannitol and the other active with sorbitol and galactitol . As expected, a mutant deficient in mannitol dehydrogenase failed to utilize mannitol as a carbon and energy source but grew normally on sorbitol and galactitol . Extracts of bacteria grown on fructose, mannitol, or sorbitol and higher levels of phosphoglucose isomerase than extracts of bacteria grown on alternate carbon sources such as citrate or phthalate . The higher levels were due to appearance of a second phosphoglucose isomerase species not present in cells with the lower activity . The results indicate that the initial steps in fructose utilization by P . cepacia differ from those of most other pseudomonads, which transport fructose by phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent translocation, forming fructose-1-phosphate, and suggest that degradation of fructose, mannitol, and sorbitol occurs primarily via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1982 May 21, 704(1), 66 - 74 Inhibition of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp . strain P.J . 874 the enol tautomer of the substrate; Lindstedt S et al.; Progressive inactivation of purified 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, decarboxylating), EC 1.13.11.27) from Pseudomonas sp . strain P.J . 874 by enol-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate was initially pseudo-first-order with respect to the remaining enzymic activity, as measured with an enol-borat assay at pH 7.5 and 37 degrees C . No inhibitory product was detected . Saturation kinetics suggests formation of a reversible complex prior to an inactivation event at the active site of the enzyme . The initial concentration of enol-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, which gave half-maximum inactivation, varied linearly with the assay concentration of ascorbate from 30 microM at zero (extrapolated value) to 0.8 mM at 20 mM ascorbate . The limiting rate constant for the inactivation increased linearly from 0.01 to 0.02 s-1 in this interval . Inhibition by ascorbate present during preincubations was partially relieved by enol-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate . Inhibition by 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid present during preincubations was prevented by ascorbate but not reversed by enol-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate . The reductively-activated enzyme used keto-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate as substrate for formation of 14CO2 and homogentisate . enol-4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate was a noncompetitive inhibitor vs . keto-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate with an intercept inhibition constant of about 40 microM when a 14CO2 assay was used . It is suggested that interaction of enol-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate with enzyme-bound Fe3+, formed by autooxidation, caused the substrate inhibition of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, long known to be relieved by a variety of reductants . The possible role for the inhibition mechanism in the regulation of tyrosine catabolism in vivo is discussed. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1982 May 21, 704(1), 59 - 65 Tritium isotope effects in the reaction catalyzed by 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from pseudomonas sp . strain P.J . 874; Rundgren M; Tritium isotope effects in the reaction catalyzed by 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, decarboxylating), EC 1.13.11.27) from Pseudomonas sp . strain P.J . 874 were studied with 14C- and different 3H-labelled 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate . Tritium of ring-2,6-3H2-labelled substrate was released into water in 1:2 stoichiometry to 14CO2 formation . The tritium release from ring-3,5-3H2- and side chain-3-3H1-labelled 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate was low as compared with 14CO2 formation . The apparent tritium isotope effects were below two, as judged by comparison of 3H/14C ratios of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and homogentisate . The ratios showed no dependence on oxygen concentrations between 1 and 21% in the gas phase . Thus, a tritium assay can be used to determine the activity of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase . Apparently, none of the substrate hydrogens is involved in any rate-limiting step up to the first irreversible step . enol-4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate was excluded as the active substrate tautomer. Mutat Res, 1982 May-Jun, 104(4-5), 275 - 80 Lack of ultraviolet mutagenesis in radiation-resistant bacteria; Tempest PR et al.; Ultraviolet (UV) radiation did not induce rifampicin-resistant mutants in populations of the taxonomically-related radiation-resistant bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans, D . radiopugnans, D . radiophilus and D . proteolyticus, although such mutants arose spontaneously at a low frequency and at a high frequency after treatment of cultures with N-nitroso compounds . The radiation-resistant bacteria Arthrobacter radiotolerans and P-30-A were also UV-immutable whereas the more radiation-sensitive Pseudomonas radiora was UV-mutable . We conclude that the radiation-resistant bacteria repair UV-induced DNA damage accurately and lack an error-prone pathway for the repair of such damage. Arch Microbiol, 1982 May, 131(3), 179 - 83 Bacterial assimilation of D- and L-2-chloropropionates and occurrence of a new dehalogenase; Motosugi K et al.; The occurrence of a new bacterial dehalogenase acting on both the optical isomers of 2-halogenated alkanoic acids was demonstrated . When the haloalkanoic acid-utilizing bacteria were screened in a medium containing DL-2-chloropropionate as a sole carbon source, two types of bacteria were isolated: (1) a few strains utilizing both D- and L-isomers of 2-chloropropionate and (2) strains utilizing only the L-isomer . A dehalogenating enzyme was obtained from the cells of Pseudomonas sp . which is able to utilize both isomers . The crude enzyme catalyzed the dehalogenation of D- and L-2-chloropropionates to yield L- and D-isomers of lactate, respectively . The enzyme showed the same pH optimum and heat inactivation rate for the D- and L-isomers . Apparent Km values for D- and L-2-chloropropionates were 4.5 and 1.0mM, respectively . The enzyme acted specifically on 2-haloalkanoic acids . Activity staining of disc-gels electrophoresed with the crude enzyme preparation showed that the dehalogenation of D- and L-2-chloropropionates, monochloroacetate, dichloroacetate, 2,2-dichloropropionate, and DL-2-chlorobutyrate is due to a single protein. J Biochem (Tokyo), 1982 May, 91(5), 1731 - 8 A new enzyme: long acyl aminoacylase from Pseudomonas diminuta; Fukuda H et al.; A new enzyme which hydrolyzes N-long chain acyl glutamic acid was found in cell-free extracts of Pseudomonas diminuta . Two active fractions (long acyl aminoacylase I and II) were separated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography . The long acyl aminoacylase I was purified about 650-fold, and the purified preparation was electrophoretically homogeneous . The molecular weight was estimated to be 300,000 by gel filtration . The enzyme was unique in its substrate specificity . It hydrolyzed only N-long acyl glutamic acid and could not react with other N-acyl amino acids . Lauroyl (C12)-, myristoyl (C14)-, and palmitoyl (C16)- glutamic acid were good substrates, but acetyl glutamic acid was not hydrolyzed . Therefore this enzyme is considered to be a new acylase which is specific for N-long chain acyl glutamic acid, and it is designated as N-long acyl glutamic acid amidohydrolase {EC 3.5.1 group}. J Bacteriol, 1982 May, 150(2), 522 - 7 Purification and properties of a new enzyme, DL-2-haloacid dehalogenase, from Pseudomonas sp; Motosugi K et al.; A new enzyme, DL-2-haloacid dehalogenase, was isolated and purified to homogeneity from the cells of Pseudomonas sp . strain 113 . This enzyme catalyzed non-stereospecific dehalogenation of both of the optical isomers of 2-chloropropionate through an SN2 type of reaction; L- and D-lactates were formed from D- and L-2-chloropropionates, respectively . The enzyme acted on 2-halogenated aliphatic carboxylic acids whose carbon chain lengths were less than five . It also dehalogenated trichloroacetate to form oxalate and showed maximum activity at pH 9.5 . The Michaelis constants for substrates were as follows: 5.0 mM for monochloroacetate, 1.1 mM for L-2-chloropropionate, and 4.8 mM for D-2-chloropropionate . DL-2-Haloacid dehalogenase was inhibited by HgCl2, ZnSO4, and MnSO4, but was not affected by thiol reagents, such as p-chloromercuribenzoate and iodoacetamide . This enzyme had a molecular weight of about 68,000 and appeared to be composed of two subunits identical in molecular weight. Mol Cell Biol, 1982 May, 2(5), 535 - 44 Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants defective in the internalization of ricin; Ray B et al.; Chinese hamster ovary mutants simultaneously resistant to ricin and Pseudomonas toxin have been isolated . Two mutant cell lines (4-10 and 11-2) were found to retain normal levels of binding of both ricin and Pseudomonas toxin . They were defective in the internalization of {125I}ricin into the mutant cells, as measured by both a biochemical assay for ricin internalization and electron microscopic autoradiographic studies . Although pretreatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells with a Na+/K+ ionophore, nigericin, resulted in an enhancement of the cytotoxicities of ricin and Pseudomonas toxin in the wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells, preculture of the mutant cells did not alter the susceptibility of the mutant cells to either toxin . These results provide further evidence that there is a common step in the internalization process for ricin and Pseudomonas toxin. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1982 Apr 13, 715(2), 189 - 95 Purification and properties of endo-1, 3-alpha-D-glucanase from Pseudomonas; Simonson LG et al.; An endo-1, 3-alpha-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.59) was purified from cell-free culture supernatants of Pseudomonas NRRL-B-12324 . The enzyme was purified 8.7-fold to a specific activity of 78.1 U/mg of protein . The enzyme was inducible and had an isoelectric point of 4.6 and a Km of 80.0 mM in terms of anhydroglucose units . Two distinct peaks of activity were resolved by gel filtration with two different supporting media, whereas only one peak of activity was resolved by isoelectricfocusing . The two peaks were assigned molecular weight values of 67,400 and 279,000 . The pH optimum was near 5.0 and the temperature optimum was near 56 degrees C . Additional gel filtration data indicated that the enzyme functions as an endohydrolase. J Biol Chem, 1982 Apr 10, 257(7), 3422 - 8 A histidine residue in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase essential for binding of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; Shoun H et al.; Chemical modification with diethylpyrocarbonate (ethoxyformic anhydride) was examined to demonstrate the existence of an essential histidine residue at the NADPH-binding site of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.2) from Pseudomonas desmolytica . Among some ligands, NADPH was noticeable in protecting the enzyme from the modification-caused inactivation . Although several amino acid residues were modified during the inactivation process, inhibition of the enzyme could be correlated with modification of a single histidine residue which was masked by addition of NADPH . The pK of the essential histidine residue was estimated to be 6.5-6.7 . The Kd (Km) for NADPH of the inactivated enzyme was shown to have been increased greatly, although the Kd for substrate (p-hydroxybenzoate) was not changed. Cutis . 1982 Apr;29(4):378, 381. Methods for preventing pseudomonas folliculitis; Smith GL; This outbreak highlights a number of significant factors related to most pseudomonas folliculitis outbreaks . The bath water had not been changed in more than four weeks which led to a build-up of high levels of organic carbon . There was an extended interval of six days between subsequent OTD chlorine residual tests, allowing the chlorine residual to decrease to low levels between tests . It should also be noted that the OTD test, by design, measures both the active free chlorine and the inactive combined chlorine residual . Therefore OTD residual readings in the low normal range may actually represent below normal free active chlorine residual levels . The following measures are suggested to reduce the growth of pseudomonads in hot tubs and whirlpool baths and to prevent subsequent cases of pseudomonas folliculitis: 1 . The OTD chlorine residual should be checked every day . The residual should be well above the minimum level suggested for the bath . Or, pre