Bacteriological

J Fr Ophtalmol, 1979 Aug-Sep, 2(8-9), 449 - 57
{Preoperative conjunctival bacterial flora and sensitivity to antibiotics (author's transl)}; Liotet S; 2 973 preoperative cultures of conjunctiva have placed in a prominent position 834 pathogenic germs . Cultures in an enriched medium and in an atmosphere including ten per cent of carbonic gas (10% of CO2) have widely increased the number of isolated Streptococus . A study of spectra of antibiotics used in ophtalmology has been made for all these germs . The instability of conjunctival flora with time implies a modification in tactics of bacteriological preoperative samples in order to obtain a better operative security.

J Dairy Sci, 1979 Aug, 62(8), 1335 - 9
Mastitis history, California Mastitis Test, and somatic cell counts for identifying cows for treatment in a selective dry cow therapy program; Rindsig RB et al.; Mastitis history, California Mastitis Test scores, and filter-deoxyribonucleic acid cell counts from 232 cows were used to project the effectiveness of criteria which could be used to determine which cows to treat in a selective dry cow therapy program . Bacteriological analyses of quarter milk samples were used to identify infected cows . Effects of month, lactation parity, stage of lactation, and interaction of stage of lactation with lactation parity on somatic cell numbers in milk were determined . The various criteria singly or in combinations correctly identified from 50 to over 92% of the cows with one or more infected quarters at drying off . However, from 25 to 80% of the cows free of infection would have been treated as well . The most discriminating criteria were two monthly cell counts exceeding 500,000 cells per milliliter where 53% of the cows with infected quarters were identified correctly and only 25% of the uninfected cows would be treated, or the two monthly cell counts exceeding 500,000 cells per milliliter plus a California Mastitis Test score of +2 or +3 at drying off . Here 89% of the cows with infected quarters would be treated, and 56% of the uninfected cows would be treated.

Anaesthesist, 1979 Aug, 28(8), 68 - 71
Subarachnoid block with an anaesthetic mixture containing dextran . Cytologic changes in the cerebrospinal fluid; Curelaru I et al.; The present study included 22 patients who received an anaesthetic subarachnoid injection of 1.0--1.2 ml Dixidextracaine-70 (a mixture of xylocaine 40.0 mg+cinchocaine 10.0 mg+Dextran-70 60.0 mg+distilled water ad 2.0 ml), associated with adrenaline in a final concentration of 1/10000 . Before and 24--168 hours after administration of the subarachnoid anaesthesia, 2.0 ml of cerebrospinal fluid was collected for quantitative and qualitative determination of the cellular elements and for physical and bacteriological examinations . No bacteriological contamination or qualitative and quantitative alterations of leucocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid were found after the administration of anaesthetic-dextran mixture . It is concluded that the association of Dextran-70 with xylocaine and percaine, as well as with adrenaline, for lengthening the duration of the subarachnoid anaesthesia has no acute irritative effect upon the central nervous system and its membranes in the course of seven days following its administration.

Gastroenterol Jpn, 1979 Aug, 14(4), 299 - 305
A clinical study of tuberculous colitis; Hoshino M et al.; During the last 8 years, the diagnosis of tuberculous colitis has been made radiologically in 22 cases . Twelve were confirmed by histological or bacteriological evidences . The X-ray findings are classified into three types as follows: Type A, showing an extensive scarred area in the ileocecum and ascending colon . Type B, showing annular stricture in the ascending colon and dilatation of its oral side . Type C, showing pouchformation (pseudo-diverticulum) and deformity in the cecum . We emphasize that histological examination and culture of the biopsy specimens by endoscopy were useful for the diagnosis of tuberculous colitis . Furthermore, radiologic changes of the colon by administration of antituberculous drugs were observed.

Am J Surg, 1979 Aug, 138(2), 326 - 9
Postlactational tumoral granulomatous mastitis: a localized immune phenomenon; Brown KL et al.; Recurrent, nodular necrotizing granulomatous mastitis in two patients is reported in detail . Pathologic, immunologic, and bacteriologic studies in one patient indicate that this entity is different from plasmas cell mastitis, fat necrosis, mammary ductal ectasia, and the usual infectious and puerperal mastitis . Systemic antibreast autoimmune mastitis and vasculitis are also ruled out . Its pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, surgical treatment, and prognosis are discussed.

Scand J Respir Dis, 1979 Aug, 60(4), 168 - 71
Immunoprofile studies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis . II . Correlation of levels of different classes of immunoglobulins and specific antibodies with the extent of tuberculosis; Skvor J et al.; Humoral immune response of patients with newly detected, bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis was determined prior to initiation of chemotherapy . Correlation with the extent of the disease was studied . A significant rise in the IgA and IgG levels in the serum was observed, the increase in the IgA levels correlated with the extent of the disease . In tuberculous patients elevated levels of anti-OT (ppd) antibodies were found by haemaggluination, but no marked correlation was observed with the extent of the disease . There was no interrelationship between the IgA or IgG increase and that of specific anti-OT (PPD) antibodies . The importance of the mentioned findings is discussed.

Vet Rec, 1979 Jul 21, 105(3), 51 - 4
Canine bordetellosis: chemotherapy using a sulphadiazine-trimethoprim combination; McCandlish IA et al.; Respiratory disease was induced in young dogs by exposure to an aerosol of Bordetella bronchiseptica . The affected dogs were then treated with a sulphadiazine-trimethoprim combination by daily subcutaneous injection for five days . There was marked improvement in the clinical, bacteriological and pathological features of the respiratory disease during and immediately after the treatment period but treated dogs relapsed a few days after chemotherapy was stopped . The use of a sulphadiazine-trimethoprim combination over a longer period of time may be of value in the treatment of dogs with respiratory disease associated with B bronchiseptica.

Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1979 Jul 15, 134(6), 655 - 61
Premature rupture of the membranes: a conservative approach; Kappy KA et al.; A conservative approach was followed in 188 patients with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) over a 2 year period . There were no neonatal deaths from sepsis, and only one infant showed a positive central bacteriologic culture . Fifty-seven percent of all patients less than 37 weeks' gestation had a latent period of 24 hours and 19% went beyond 7 days before labor began . Patients less than 34 weeks' gestation who received antepartum steroids for lung maturation showed no increased infectious morbidity or mortality . A conservative approach to patients with PROM seems reasonable when either prematurity and/or a cervix unfavorable for induction further complicates the pregnancy.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 1979 Jul, 1(1), 33 - 40
High dosage tobramycin treatment of children with cystic fibrosis . Bacteriological effect and clinical ototoxicity; Thomsen J et al.; The bacteriological effect of chemotherapy against mucoid strains of Pseudominas aeruginosa in the lower respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis is reported . A comparison of the effect of high doses of tobramycin (10 mg/kg/24 h) given alone or in combination with carbenicillin showed a significant difference in favour of the combination therapy . In 74.5% of the initially successful courses the patients were recolonized within one month . Fifty-three patients were examined by audiometric and vestibular tests . Only in one patient was it possible to register a transient, high tone hearing impairment at 8000 Hz bilaterally, that might be attributed to the tobramycin treatment . It is concluded that high dose tobramycin treatment in children and adolescents with normal kidney function implies only a minimal clinical risk of adverse ototoxic effects, even after repeated courses of treatment . No nephrotoxic side-effects were found in this material.

Med Inform (Lond), 1979 Jul-Sep, 4(3), 165 - 72
Computerized management of a medical bacteriology laboratory using real-time processing; Brun Y et al.; The computer system of the Bacteriology Laboratory at the Hopital Cardiologique in Lyon is one of the elements in the computer management of patient data . It dovetails in with the various units for admission, patient location, ward surveillance, outpatient appointments . The main objectives are as follows: to improve quality of sample information, to reduce clerical work and accelerate information circulation, to widen the scope of epidemiological research . Computers can register samples, edit laboratory work sheets, entry lists, record results, generate reports, give a visual listing of all analyses performed before a patient leaves hospital, list pending analytical results, make available in the total system all laboratory-validated information, produce automatic billing of analyses and statistical editing . The Bacteriology Laboratory has three visual display units and two printers at its disposal . Computer laboratory management has been operational since May 1977 . First results are satisfactory and suggest extension of the system to other laboratories and handling of quality control.

Zentralbl Bakteriol {Orig A}, 1979 Jul, 244(2-3), 302 - 8
{Nicotinamidase and the so-called pyrazinamidase in mycobacteria; the simultaneous occurrence of both activites (author's transl)}; Tarnok I et al.; Nicotin- and the so-called pyrazinamidase (in the following: "pyrazinamidase") have been found in strains of four mycobacteria species, M . fortuitum, M . gastri, M . bovis and M . microti . These findings are in contradiction to those summarized in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (1974) . The reason for the discrepancies is that the original method (Bonicke, 1961) for amidase determination has not taken the following aspects into consideration: a) The inducibility of the nicotin- and "pyrazinamidase" (example: M . fortuitum); b) The temperature sensitivity of these enzymes (M . gastri); c) The light sensitivity of nicotinamidase (in photochromogenic M . gastri strains); d) The optimal substrate concentration which must be at least 4 mM instead of 0,8 mm . The following consequences can be drawn for the taxonomy and biochemistry of the tested organisms: e) The species status of M . gastri should be annuled . The main difference between M . gastri and M . kansasii consists only of the non-agglutinability of M . gastri by anti-M . kansasii serum . "Pyrazinamidase" and also nitrate reductase (Tarnok et al., in press) are positive in strains of both species; f) M . bovis possesses nicotin- and "pyrazinamidase" as M . tuberculosis too . Thus, these two species are more closely related than suggested earlier; g) Till now, no Mycobacterium has been found showing nicotinamidase without "pyrazinamidase" activity (or vice versa) . It seems to be very probable that nicotinamidase, an enzyme of low substrate specificity, is able to hydrolyze several compounds with a nicotinamide-like structure such as pyrazinamide . Thus, we suggest the annulment of the term pyrazinamidase or the employment of quotation marks ("pyrazinamidase") to show the fictitious value of this designation.

J Hered, 1979 Jul-Aug, 70(4), 255 - 8
Evidence for a new lethal gene causing cardiomyopathy in Japanese black calves; Watanabe S et al.; Sudden death with severe dyspnea in new-born or infant calves confined to a family of Japanese black cattle was studied . Neither environmental nor bacteriological factors seemed to be involved in the etiology of the disease . Histopathological examination revealed focal degeneration and necrosis of the muscle fibers in the myocardium, to which a diagnosis of idiopathic cardiomyopathy was proposed . The pedigree and mating type analyses suggested that a new autosomal recessive lethal gene was responsible for the syndrome . Rates of incidence of the affected calves in five sire families were tested for an expectation of 12.5 percent incidence by the chi-square method.

Arch Surg, 1979 Jul, 114(7), 790 - 2
Bacteriology of the operating room with the use of helmet aspiration systems; Feagin JA Jr; The bacteriology of the operating room with the use of the helmet-aspirator system has been discussed . The surgical team predictably contaminates the operating room . Current cotton gowns worn loosely about the neck do not serve as effective barriers to bacterial penetration . Barrier draping of the surgical team is possible with impervious materials, but requires the use of a helmet-aspirator system to dissipate the heat and particulate debris . These are commercially available and their use has been shown to decrease colony-forming particles, decrease wound contamination, and decrease wound infection . Barrier draping of the surgical team through the helmet-aspirator system is effective and is to be recommended for infection-prone cases.

Arch Surg, 1979 Jul, 114(7), 778 - 82
Environmental bacteriology in the unidirectional (horizontal) operating room; Nelson CL; The continuing attempts to reduce bacterial contamination through clean air systems have been of special interest to surgeons dealing in joint replacement surgery . Although the definitive relationship between airborne contamination and surgical infections is not universally agreed on, there is little question that clean air systems reduce bacterial contamination of the surgical wound at the time of operation . This report reviews the history of surgical infections, presents statistical data that show the reduction of bacterial contamination by a clear air system, and suggests a pragmatic attitude regarding airborne bacterial contamination of surgical wounds.

Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex, 1979 Jul-Aug, 36(4), 725 - 33
{Treatment of typhoid fever with chloramphenicol or ampicillin combined with oxyphenbutazone}; Avendano LF et al.; Ninety-four patients with typhoid fever were treated, at random, with three therapeutic regimens: chloramphenicol alone, chloramphenicol plus oxyphenbutazone, and ampicillin plus oxyphenbutazone . The results are evaluated analyzing the body temperature graph and by serial blood had bone marrow cultures taken at intervals until they became negative . Bacteriologic diagnosis was confirmed by blood culture (39.3%) and/or bone marrow culture (77%) . The mean duration of fever was 3.3 days for the group treated with chloramphenicol-oxyphenbutazone, 4.3 for those with chloramphenicol alone and 5 days for the group ampicillin-oxyphenbutazone; at the same time, blood cultures became negative at 4.4, 5.5 and 4.4 days respectively . Negativization of bone marrow cultures was not influenced by the addition of oxyphenbutazone . It is concluded that the influence of oxyphenbutazone in shortening the febrile period or in the negativization of blood cultures is not significant . It is considered that oxyphenbutazone is not an important therapeutic tool in this group of diseases.

Vopr Virusol, 1979 Jul-Aug, (4), 385 - 9
{Virological and serological study of rotavirus gastroenteritis}; Drozdov SG et al.; Cases of acute gastroenteritis with negative bacteriological analyses were examined . Preparations of feces collected from patients in the acute stage of the disease were found by immune electron microscopy to contain typical rotavirus particles forming specific aggregates in the presence of convalescent sera . Examinations of paired acute and convalescent sera of the patients revealed the presence in convalescent sera of specific antibodies neutralizing simian rotavirus SA 11 antigenically related to human rotavirus . The specificity of the antibody was confirmed by their titrations by immune electron microscopy and HI test . Thus, rotavirus etiology of cases of gastroenteritis in various parts of the country was confirmed, and the possibility of specific laboratory diagnosis of such cases using simian rotavirus SA 11 was demonstrated.

J Wildl Dis, 1979 Jul, 15(3), 367 - 72
Brucella abortus in coyotes . I . A serologic and bacteriologic survey in eastern Texas; Davis DS et al.; Prevalence of Brucella abortus serum antibodies in coyotes from east central Texas was determined by the buffered Brucella antigen (card test), rivanol, standard agglutination tube, and cold complement fixation tube tests . Eighteen percent (9 of 51) of the coyotes were positive serologically . B . abortus biotype 1 was isolated from various tissues from 7 of 43 coyotes by bacteriologic culture . Congenital transmission was found.

Hautarzt, 1979 Jul, 30(7), 392 - 5
{Effect of a corticosteroid additive on the result of local therapy of bacterial superinfection in tinea pedis intertriginosa}; Grunder K et al.; Sixty cases of tinea pedum intertriginosa were topically treated in a double-blind trial . In 34 cases a cream was used, which contained 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, gentamycin and fluprednyliden-21-acetate . In 26 cases a cream was used, which contained 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline and gentamycin alone . Treatment was continued over three weeks . In weekly intervalls mycological, bacteriological and clinical controls were performed, which showed that the steroid-component had no disadvantageous effect on the course of infection . In contrast the steroid containing preparation proved to be slightly superior.

Chirurg, 1979 Jul, 50(7), 441 - 4
{Bacteriological findings in patients with cholelithiasis and duodenal diverticuli}; Eggert A et al.; In a prospective study of 70 patients with duodenal diverticula and calculous biliary tract disease, bacteriocholia with typical intestinal bacteria was found in 69%, whereas in cholelithiasis without duodenal diverticula this complication was present in 30% of the cases . With growing distance between duodenal diverticula and the papilla of Vater the rate of bacteriocholia decreases . Rising age of patients results in augmentation of bacteriocholia . Bacteriocholia on the basis of duodenal diverticula seems to present an additional pathogenetic factor for inflammatory biliary tract disease in 69% and for pancreatitis in 20% of the cases . Consequently the pathologic value of diverticulas close to the papilla of Vater is more prominent than reported so far.

Can J Microbiol, 1979 Jul, 25(7), 850 - 4
An agar--gel immunodiffusion test for detection of Brucella antibodies in human serum; McMahon KJ et al.; A comparison was made of results obtained with a Brucella agar--gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test and the standard tube-agglutination test on 612 human sera . Agreement between the tests was 97% when the titer was 1:160 or higher . Of 448 sera that showed no agglutination titer, 447 were negative with the AGID test . Results of the AGID test were also compared to those obtained with the 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) agglutination test on 148 sera that demonstrated a standard tube-agglutination titer of 1:20 or higher . All sera with a 2-ME-agglutination titer of 1:40 or higher were positive with the AGID test . Of 123 sera that showed no 2-ME-agglutination titer, 21 were positive with the AGID test . Two of these 21 sera were obtained from patients with bacteriologically proven brucellosis, and eight were from abattoir employees with suspected but not bacteriologically proven brucellosis.

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 1979 Jun 29, 94(1), 59 - 62
A bacteriological evaluation of a programme for preoperative total body-washing with chlorhexidine gluconate performed by patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery; Bergman BR et al.; Twenty-eight orthopaedic patients were taught to wash their entire bodies with chlorhexidine gluconate on two consecutive days preoperatively, starting in their homes . The operation field was also washed a third time . A bacteriological evaluation was performed using contact plates . A significant reduction of the skin flora, including Staph . aureus, was registered . No adverse side effects of total body-washing were observed.

Med Clin (Barc), 1979 Jun 25, 73(2), 73 - 6
{Pulmonary nocardiosis . A case report (author's transl)}; Garcia Rodriguez JA et al.; Within the genus Nocardia three species are at present considered to have human pathologic interest: N . asteroides, N . brasiliensis, and N . caviae . These species are usually the etiologic agents of at least two clinical pictures: nocardiosis and actinomycetoma . A case of pulmonar nocardiosis in a 62-year-old male is reported . The patient had asthmatic episodes and on several occasions received treatment with corticoids . The clinical picture basically consisted of an impairment of the general condition with respiratory symptomatology and fever of 38 to 39 degrees C . An opaque pleuropulmonary image was observed on the chest X-ray film, and the diagnosis of tuberculosis was initially established . The correct diagnosis was confirmed through the bacteriological examination of the transtracheal aspirate with the isolation of N . asteroides . Treatment with streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim achieved the clinical and roentgenologic cure of the patient . After 2 months of treatment the clinical manifestations had disappeared and after 5 months the chest X-ray was normal . Some epidemiologic data are reviewed.

Br Med J, 1979 Jun 2, 1(6176), 1467 - 8
Disposable syringes for insulin injection; Greenough A et al.; Results of a questionnaire on use of glass syringes among diabetic patients showed considerable variation in methods of keeping the syringes and in the duration of their useful life . Thirty patients took part in an investigation in which each patient used the same disposable syringe in place of the glass syringe for up to two months . No clinical or bacteriological evidence of infection was found . Used in this way, disposable syringes were less expensive than glass syringes . They are lighter than glass syringes, less susceptible to damage, and more easily carried on journeys.

Lancet, 1979 Jun 2, 1(8127), 1178 - 81
An outbreak of gastroenteritis in young children caused by adenoviruses; Richmond SJ et al.; During October and November, 1978, gastroenteritis developed in 17 of 24 young children aged between eight months and two years from an R.A.F . station in the U.K . The illness, in which diarrhoea was always the predominant symptom, had an incubation period of eight to ten days and lasted about a week . It seemed to be transmitted from child to child, and in all but one instance parents and older siblings remained well . Stool specimens from 14 of the affected children were examined bacteriologically and virologically, and a highly significant association was found between the presence of adenovirus particles in stools, identified by electron microscopy, and the acute stage of the illness . This evidence suggests that an adenovirus was the cause of this outbreak of gastroenteritis.

Quad Sclavo Diagn, 1979 Jun, 15 Suppl 1, 377 - 85
{Bacteriological sensitivity "in vitro" and therapeutic response (author's transl)}; Lamanna A et al.; After some general considerations on the validity of antibiograms as a therapeutic guide, three methods are described and analyzed . Bacterial chemosensitivity to antimicrobic drugs were tested by the following methods: diffusion, dilution and automized methods . Only when transferred into routine laboratory methods that would reveal the results of chemosensitivity in quantitative values will a valid guide to antimicrobic chemotherapy be possible . Expressing chemosensitive bacteria directly in values of minimum inhibiting concentrations would evaluate the pharmokinetic action of single chemotherapeutical agents in relation to infective organ or apparatus pathologies which limits the practical significance of posology . Unfortunately, the collaboration between the clinical bacteriologist and the chemoterapist is still a long way off because of technical and laboratory difficulties delineating the pharmokinetic aspects in the use of the many chemoterapeutical agents in man.

Clin Orthop, 1979 Jun, (141), 237 - 46
Penetration of gown material by organisms from the surgical team; Hamilton HW et al.; The routes by which viable organisms shed by the surgical team reach the wound are not yet fully understood . Bacteriologic studies show that shedding is greater in surgeons than their assistants or scrub nurses, and is increased by activity and temperature, but is primarily related to the individual's shedding characteristics . Comparison of the ability of 3 types of cotton gowns to contain the surgical team's bacterial effluent shows that the body exhaust system gowns developed by Charnley are superior to more conventional gowns . It is clear that viable organisms can penetrate very closely woven Ventile (pore size 10 microns) as well as balloon cloth (pore size 50 microns) . Ventile used without a body exhaust system does not appear to increase gown efficiency . Penetration of gown material by organisms from the surgical team is responsible for 20% of wound contamination . The gown glove cuff junction is an important leakage point for organisms shed by the surgical team . A newly designed "mitt" cuff more effectively seals this area than the conventional stockinette cuff.

Clin Orthop, 1979 Jun, (141), 143 - 57
Treatment of subacute sepsis of the hip by antibiotics and joint replacement . Criteria for diagnosis with evaluation of twenty-six cases; Hughes PW et al.; Total hip replacement fixed with acrylic cement can be successful despite past or present hip infection . Recovery of the infecting organism must be vigorously pursued, either by repeated aspirations or open biopsies . Staging the reconstruction is determined by the pathogenicity of the infecting organism, gram stain, frozen section, and above all the surgeon's observations of the condition of the wound . If in doubt, treatment of infection must take precedence over the reconstruction . Adequate antibiotic coverage should begin as soon as the diagnosis is certain and the organism identified . Antibiotics should be continued postoperatively for one month intravenously, followed by 4--8 months oral therapy, though the length of oral antibiotics could be debated . A number of authors have based their diagnosis of hip infection on clinical, roentgenographic, laboratory and bacteriologic studies . However, they have not given specific guidelines for the determination of deep hip infection . The application of the criteria outlined in this paper can distinguish superficial from deep hip infection as illustrated in 40 cases with no evidence of recurrence of infection . For the present only relative guidelines may be drawn for the treatment of subacute or recently arrested sepsis of the hip . Considering some 80,000 total hip replacements done in the U.S . in the past year, a significant number of patients will require treatment of this type and appropriate programs should be established for the welfare of the patients.

Clin Orthop, 1979 Jun, (141), 138 - 42
Total hip replacement following infection in the opposite hip; del Sel HJ et al.; Total hip replacements without ensuing infection were performed in 31 patients in the presence of infection in the contralateral hip . Infection in the opposite hip was proved bacteriologically in the follow-up in 19 cases averaged 5 years (2 years 3 months to 10 years) . In another 12 hips in the same circumstances, without positive bacteriological evidence of active infection on the opposite side, healing occurred without infection.

Gut, 1979 Jun, 20(6), 493 - 8
High flow oxygen therapy for pneumatosis coli; Holt S et al.; Symptomatic and radiological resolution of pneumatosis coli was achieved by intermittent high flow oxygen therapy in five patients . In each case the extent of the disease was defined by colonoscopy and contrast radiography before treatment . Despite the confirmation of pneumocyst resolution, recurrence of colonic gas cysts was noted in two patients at six months and one year after treatment . Bacteriological studies indicated that resolution of the disease, induced by oxygen therapy, was not associated with eradication of anerobic bacteria from stool and colonic mucosa . The clinical features and response to treatment of this group of patients are discussed, with particular reference to previously reported methods of oxygen administration.

Gut, 1979 Jun, 20(6), 467 - 75
Morphology of experimental antibiotic-associated enterocolitis in the hamster: a model for human pseudomembranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea; Price AB et al.; The morphology of antibiotic-associated enterocolitis in the hamster is described and compared with human antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis . It is shown to be a caecal disease with proliferative mucosal changes and in this respect unlike the human counterpart . The bacteriology and toxicology, however, are identical . In addition, mucosal changes are described in animals on antibiotics but without established enterocolitis . As a result we suggest that there may be a spectrum of human disease ranging from mild antibiotic-associated diarrhoea to established pseudomembranous colitis . Therefore, despite the morphological variation, the hamster remains a good model for investigating the pathogenesis of pseudomembranous colitis and antibiotic-associated enteropathy in general.

J Can Assoc Radiol, 1979 Jun, 30(2), 129 - 30
Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis; Naimark A et al.; The diagnosis of primary pulmonary sporotrichosis was made in a 53-year-old male alcoholic four years after initial presentation with cavitary lung disease . Clinical and radiologic awareness of this extremely rare entity will allow optimal study of bronchial secretions in the bacteriology laboratory . Important clues include: (1) exposure to thorny plants, (2) cavitary pulmonary disease resistant to both diagnosis and treatment, and (3) a history of alcoholism.

Laryngoscope, 1979 Jun, 89(6 Pt 1), 857 - 65
Tracheostomy-related subglottic stenosis: bacteriologic pathogenesis; Sasaki CT et al.; Subglottic stenosis carries devastating consequences . Its pathogenesis, and therefore prevention, have thus far eluded precise definition . The following data suggest that tracheostomy results in a contaminated wound, secondarily infecting a larynx which may have been injured by prior intubation, fracture, or surgery . The interpretation of these data is based upon the tested assumption that infection prolongs healing of injured tissue and predisposes to scar and stricture formation . Therefore, the ability of control stomal contamination by the judicious use of topical or systemic antibiotics may play an important role in the prevention of complications in an organ functionally by-passed by the tracheostomy cannula.

J S Afr Vet Assoc, 1979 Jun, 50(2), 123 - 33
Monitoring of bacteriological contamination and assessment of carcase surface growth by using direct and indirect contact examination techniques and various colony counting procedures; McCulloch B et al.; Two hundred and sixty nine beef, 230 sheep and 165 pig carcase surface were examined bacteriologically . Direct and indirect contact examination techniques were utilised . Colony counts per cm2 were expressed in geometric progression . Counting procedures, direct and indirect contact examinations, and effects of chilling were considered . Subsequently, results from an additional 489 beef, 520 sheep, and 408 pig carcases were employed to illustrate a count classification arrangement against which bacteriological monitoring assessments could be measured.

Am Surg, 1979 Jun, 45(6), 374 - 7
Quantitative bacteriology in wound care; Shulman G et al.; Quantitative bacteriology in the management of wound sepsis provides an objective way to monitor the success or failure of wound care . The clinical appearance of a wound requiring skin grafting may be misleading . Grafting wounds that appeared clinically ready was unsuccessful when analysis showed bacteriological counts of 10(5) or greater organisms per gram of tissue . A rapid and simple method for quantitative tissue culture is described . Three cases are described illustrating the value of the results of the method.

Vet Med (Praha), 1979 Jun, 24(6), 343 - 50
{Devitalization of Bordetella bronchiseptica in vitro using vapors of Persterile and triethyl glycol}; Doskocil O et al.; Using the method of bacterial carriers, the devitalizing effect was studied of Persteril and triethylene glycol vapours, acting in vitro, on a 24-hour culture of a mixture of 39 strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica, isolated from the nasal cavity of pigs which came from five stocks suffering from the clinical form atrophic rhinitis . After exposure of the carriers of Bordetella bronchiseptica to the action of spontaneously developing vapours o the mentioned chemicals, the devitalizing effect was determined by bacteriological examination . The vapours of the water solution of Persteril, containing 0.1% of peracetic acid, showed a 90.91 to 93.83% devitalizing effect after 48-hour exposure at room temperature . When the vapours of warmed concentrated triethylene glycol were used, a 98.57 to 100% devitalizingeff ect was obtained after a 72-hour exposure under the same temperature conditions . In experiements performed at a temperature of 37 degrees C, a 24-hour exposure sufficed for obtaining 91.67 to 100% devitalizing effectiveness . There is a discussion concerning the importance of the obtained results and the need for testing them experimentally by a methodically simple and cheap continual disinfection of the air and stable surfaces in premises for pig stocks affected by atrophic rhinitis.

Am Rev Respir Dis, 1979 Jun, 119(6), 879 - 94
U.S . Public Health Service Cooperative trial of three rifampin-isoniazid regimens in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis; Long MW et al.; A total of 822 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis were assigned randomly to one of 3 daily rifampin-isoniazid (RIF-INH) regimens: 450, 600, or 750 mg of RIF in combination with 300 mg of INH . After an initial 20 weeks of therapy with RIF-INH, patients recieved 300 mg of INH and 15 mg of ethambutol (EMB) per kg of body weight for either 12 or 18 months after their sputum cultures became negative . The rate of bacteriologic conversion of sputum among the 3 RIF-INH regimens was compared for 552 patients who completed the 20 weeks of RIF-INH therapy . Apporximately 60 per cent of these patients also completed their assigned INH-EMB therapy and were examined for relapse for at least one year after therapy was stopped . There was no significant difference in the rate of sputum conversion or rate of relapse between the group of patients who received 600 mg of RIF and those who received 750 mg of RIF . However, the 450-mg RIF regimen was significantly less effective than the other 2 regimens, as manifested by a lower rate of sputum conversion and a higher rate of treatment failures . Further analysis showed that RIF dosages of less than 9 mg per kg of body weight per day may be inadequate for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis . The acceptability of these regimens was high, and the incidence of adverse reactions requiring discontinuation of RIF-INH therapy was quite low (3.3 per cent) . A large proportion of patients (44 per cent) developed increased concentrations of transaminase during therapy with RIF-INH . These abnormalities were usually transient and, in most cases, of no clinical significance . In the relapse analysis, 12 months of chemotherapy after sputum conversion was shown to be as effective as 18 months of therapy after conversion of these RIF-containing regimens.

J Hyg (Lond), 1979 Jun, 82(3), 425 - 41
A bacteriological investigation of two leisure centre swimming pools disinfected with ozone; Wyatt TD et al.; A bacteriological study was carried out on the first Leisure Centre swimming pools in the United Kingdom to be disinfected with ozone/chlorine . Results suggested that a free chlorine concentration of approximately 0.8 mg/l was necessary to maintain the pools in a bacteriologically satisfactory condition . This amount of free chlorine was similar to that required when the pool was disinfected with chlorine alone . However, the associated amount of combined chlorine was much lower when disinfection was by ozone/chlorine and this gave more acceptable bathing conditions . Implications for the manamgement of pools disinfected by this method are discussed.

Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales, 1979 May-Jun, 72(3), 272 - 8
{Pathology in Malagasy lemurs and their relation to human pathology}; Coulanges P et al.; From researches conducted in Institute Pasteur in Madagascar and from bibliographical work, the authors try to draw up a general picture of the pathology of lemurs . Several aspects are developed (bacteriology, hematology, mycology, parasitology, virology), especially those which could be interesting for human pathology, for instance the relationships between lemurs and viruses because of the arbovirus programme in progress in Institute Pasteur . The authors emphasize on the possible use of lemurs, the only non human primate in Madagascar, as laboratory animals in order to develop colonies and, then, to promote their conservation.

Surgery, 1979 May, 85(5), 586 - 8
Fungal infection of a vascular prosthesis; Pasternak BM et al.; Chronic debilitating hematological disorders and cytotoxic drugs may create conditions causing a predisposition to fungal infections of vascular grafts . Under such circumstances routine bacteriological investigations should be supplemented by specific fungal media cultures and microscopic examination of removed infected graft.

Z Gesamte Inn Med, 1979 Apr 1, 34(7), 73 - 5
{Diagnostic problems of tuberculosis in old age}; Wurbs W; Among the present epidemiologic conditions postprimary tuberculoses gain importance due to the exazerbation of latent foci . The particularly concerns the generalised senile tuberculosis . The clinical picture of a generalisation tuberculosis deviates in comparison with the course which was formerly regarded as typical . It shows a protracted, at first undramatic phase with slowly progressing development, appears intermittently, is characterized by rich, variants with regard to form, course and localisation, withdraws from radiological demonstration for a long time and thus progresses occult in general . The 35 cases should remind of diagnostic basic patterns and should take into consideration the peculiarities of exacerbated generalised tuberculoses at old age . The observation of symptomatology and paraclinical findings, bioptic examinations of the liver, bacteriologic or histologic findings of the adequate substrate, the exclusion of other organic diseases and an experiment of an antituberculotic treatment when tuberculosis is supposed may become successful measures of making the diagnosis . Even nowadays tuberculosis must be included in the differential diagnosis of several organic diseases.

Lab Anim, 1979 Apr, 13(2), 69 - 73
Chronic non-infective conjunctivitis in rabbits; Buckley P et al.; A high proportion (36%) of rabbits in a long-term experiment developed a severe chronic purulent conjunctivitis . Bacteriological examination failed to reveal an organism common to all cases, and the condition was only partially controlled by a neomycin and hydrocortisone eye ointment . Cutting down the possibility of hay dust entering the rabbits' eyes led to marked improvement: the conjunctivitis was virtually eliminated when hay was given in a specially-designed solid-sided hopper which prevented the release of dust during feeding and which, being detachable, could be refilled away from the rabbit rooms to minimize general atmospheric dust.

Prax Klin Pneumol, 1979 Apr, 33 Suppl 1, 591 - 5
{Tuberculosis in Romania (author's transl)}; Anastasatu C et al.; The incidence of tuberculosis in Romania has decreased considerably over the past years, particularly since 1972 when the combined rifampicin-ethambutol-pyrazinamide therapy was introduced . During the period 1968-1977 it fell from 127.9 per 100,000 to 73.4 per 100,000 . The incidence of relapses fell at a slower rate . The most endangered are the 20-24 years age-group and old people; but here again the number of cases tends to fall . Childhood tuberculosis showed a yearly decline by an average of 20% . Bacteriological examinations and diagnosis are assuming increased importance.

Cesk Gynekol, 1979 Apr, 44(3), 200 - 3
{Prolonged use of IUD and inflammatory diseases of the inner genitalia}; Citterbart K et al.; PIP: Recently, IUd usage has increased, and with that increase has come an awareness of the undesirable side effects of the device, notably infection . Infection risks can be minimized if clinicians observe aseptic and sterile procedures . Histological studies were conducted on the tissues adhering to the IUDs of 244 women . The women were aged 20-40, and had had the IUD in place for an average of 4 years . Histological rather than bacteriological studies were conducted because the presence of bacteria does not necessarily indicate that disease is present . Secretory endometrium was found in 54.8% of the women, proliferative endometrium in 32.2%, cellular debris in 4.9% and stromoglandular disassociation in 8.1% . Of the 19 women in whom disease states were detected, endometritis chronica was seen in 79% of the cases, E . purulenta in 10.5%, e . acuta in 5.25% and E . subacuta in 5.25% . All of these conditions vanished after removal of the IUD and antibiotic treatment . In none of the cases was the IUD associated with precancerous atypia . Prevention may be the best approach with respect to infectuous complications associated with IUD use . Colposcopy, culturing of cervical mucus, PAP smears, erythrocyte sedimentation and leukocyte counts should be performed on women prior to IUD insertion . These steps guard against introducing vaginal infections into the uterus . When a woman comes to a physician complaining of pain in the lower back, abdomen, or during intercourse, infection must be suspected . If infection is found, treatment to eliminate the offending organism needs to be initiated . The woman's partner may also need to be treated .

J Infect Dis, 1979 Apr, 139(4), 409 - 17
Defective leukotaxis in monocytes from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis; Campbell PB; Because the accumulation of macrophages and their precursors, peripheral blood monocytes, in foci of infection is an important feature of the host reponse to mycobacterial challenge, the leukotactic responsiveness of monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis was evaluated . With a double-filter, in vitro technique, defective leukotaxis was demonstrated in monocytes from 19 of 20 untreated patients, whereas normal leukotactic responses were found in monocytes from 11 of 15 patients with chronic, nontuberculous pulmonary inflammatory diseases . This defect may be related to increased activity of a naturally occurring, heat-stable plasma substance with a molecular mass of approximately 2.3 x 10(5) daltons that inhibited leukotactic responsiveness . Monocyte leukotaxis improved and the leukotactic inhibitory activity of plasma disappeared in most patients while they were on therapy; these phenomena were unrelated to bacteriologic conversion or resolution of symptoms . In vitro studies with isoniazid, ethambutol, and rifampin excluded a direct effect of these drugs or their metabolites on monocytes or on the leukotactic inhibitor in plasma . Thus, defective leukotaxis of monocytes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis may be an epiphenomenon of the local tissue reaction.

Ann Intern Med, 1979 Apr, 90(4), 526 - 8
Early clinical differentiation between Legionnaires' disease and other sporadic pneumonias; Miller AC; Early diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease is difficult because other pathogens cause a similar clinical picture and microbiologic tests are usually only of retrospective value . Since May 1977, 17 patients with sporadic cases of Legionnaires' disease have been admitted, all previously well, the diagnosis being made with standard serologic or bacteriologic criteria . From the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings, we propose criteria that may enable the clinician to make a diagnosis earlier in many cases, differentiating them from other pneumonias . Within 24 hours of admission, any three of the following four features are strongly suggestive of Legionnaires' disease: {1} prodromal "viral" illness, {2} dry cough or confusion or diarrhoea, {3} lymphopenia without marked neutrophilia, {4} hyponatremia . Two thirds of cases had at least three of these features, and no false-positive diagnoses would have been made in other pneumonias that were serologically negative for Legionnaires' disease if these proposed criteria had been applied diagnostically . In the next few days the diagnosis is very likely if microbiologic tests are negative and if there is radiologic extension, abnormal liver function test results, or hypoalbuminemia.

Am J Public Health, 1979 Apr, 69(4), 340 - 7
The Ottawa County project: a report of a tuberculosis screening project in a small mining community; Burke RM et al.; Following a retrospective review of tuberculosis cases reported from Ottawa County, Oklahoma, from 1969 through 1973, a selective tuberculosis screening project was implemented . Screening of a "target group" of the population, 519 former miners, greater than or equal to 50 years of age, resulted in the discovery of abnormal chest X-rays in 182; (103 with silicosis, 36 with silicotuberculosis, 12 with inactive tuberculosis, and 31 with other abnormalities) . Eighty-five of these persons had positive tuberculin skin tests . Preventive therapy was recommended for 50, and 36 completed the prescribed course of treatment . Eight new bacteriologically confirmed cases of tuberculosis were found and treated . A large number of persons (1,904) residing in the same area who were not part of the target group were also screened for tuberculosis . This group contained a large number of positive tuberculin reactors but very few were candidates for isoniazid preventive therapy . Thirteen persons in this group had abnormal chest X-rays consistent with inactive tuberculosis but 12 had been identified and given preventive therapy before the project began . These data suggest that selective approaches to screening for tuberculosis in a community which are based on an in-depth retrospective review of the tuberculosis case register can be highly successful.

Ann Microbiol (Paris), 1979 Apr, 130A(3), 351 - 4
{Risk of contamination by pipetting bacterial culture broth with "Pasteur pipettes" (author's transl)}; Lambert NG et al.; Our experiments have shown that the cotton plug located at the top end of a "Pasteur pipette" allows aerosol to escape upon aspiration of a bacterial culture broth and may be the cause of contamination . In the following, we propose the use of a bacteriological filter system which insures greater safety.

Rev Ig Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol Pneumoftiziol Pneumoftiziol, 1979 Apr-Jun, 28(2), 109 - 14
{Evaluation of initial supervised and integrated treatment of tuberculosis}; Arbore A et al.; The operational and technical efficiencies were evaluated, of the initial, intermittently administered chemotherapy, supervised and integrated by the general medical network . The treatment was applied in 160 patients detected in 53 rural medical districts . It was noted that under the operational aspect the treatment was applied in 100% of the eligible patients, and administration of all the necessary doses was achieved in 91,6% of the patients . Bacteriological negativation by the direct examination was obtained after three months and negative cultures were obtained in 93,3% of the patients at three months and in 97,4% of all patients after 9 and 12 months . Closure (filling) of the cavities was obtained in 75,4% of the cases after three months of treatment, and in 87,7% of all cases after 9 and 12 months . Finally the technical efficiency was completed by an assessment of the socio-professional recovery, that was achieved in 91,8% of the cases.

Kinderarztl Prax, 1979 Apr, 47(4), 175 - 8
{Indications for antibiotic long term treatment of chronic and recurring bronchitis}; Dietzsch HJ; The formerly used long-term therapy with antibiotics in chronic bronchitis in adulthood has been nearly completely replaced by an intermittent treatment of the single attack . Therefore it seems necessary to check the appropriateness and the indications for an antibiotic long-term therapy in childhood . In the light of the greater importance of viral and bacteriological infections of the airways in children and in the light of the frequency of confirmed malformations of the tracheobronchial tree the further appropriateness for an antibiotic long-term therapy after a thorough bronchological examination is established . Also firstly established bronchiectases or severe cases of deforming bronchitis initially mostly require such a long-term treatment . Among the cases of a specialized dispensary care for chronic and recurrent bronchopulmonary diseases such an antibiotic long-term therapy is indicated in nearly 8 to 10 per cent of all patients.

Arch Intern Med, 1979 Apr, 139(4), 482 - 3
Use of quantitative bacteriologic techniques to diagnose catheter-related sepsis; Wing EJ et al.; A case of polymicrobial sepsis occurred in a patient who had a permanent indwelling hyperalimentation catheter . Because it was undesirable to remove the catheter, quantitative bacteriologic techniques were used to determine whether the catheter was the source of sepsis . Blood drawn from a peripheral vein had 25 colonies per milliliter whereas blood drawn through the catheter had more than 10,000 colonies per milliliter . On the basis of these results, the catheter was removed . The catheter tip was found to be infected with the same organisms that were present in the blood . Quantitative bacteriologic techniques may prove useful in diagnosing catheter-related sepsis when it is undesirable to remove the catheter.

Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 1979 Mar 30, 104(13), 477 - 9
{Treatment of open cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)}; Kittel H; In two groups, each of 40 patients, with previously untreated cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis the following treatment schemes were compared in a randomised clinical study: isoniazid, ethambutol, and rifampicin (control group) and isoprodian with rifampicin (study group) . Bacteriologic and radiographic parameters showed that in the study group the results were at least as good as in the control group . Symptoms of drug intolerance were equally rare in both groups.

Med J Aust, 1979 Mar 10, 1(5), 151 - 3
Solitary liver abscess: a continuing medicosurgical problem; Kune GA et al.; The management problems of 22 patients with solitary liver abscess are reviewed . To achieve earlier diagnosis, and reduce the high mortality rate of this condition (32% in this series), clinicians need to change their data base of the clinical presentation and also to incorporate liver imaging as part of the routine investigation of a patient with pyrexia of uncertain origin . The problems associated with operative diagnosis, and with methods of surgical drainage are discussed . The need for careful bacteriological cultures is emphasized, and the use of the most appropriate antibiotics is described . While in many cases the cause of the liver abscess remains unknown, in Australia the possibility of the abscess being amoebic or an infected hydatid cyst should be kept in mind.

Practitioner, 1979 Mar, 222(1329), 383 - 5
The changing pattern of sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents; Donald WH; PIP: The factors associated with the rising incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents in England and Wales are both social and medical . Among the social factors is the large part played by sex in periodicals, advertisements, the theater, radio, and television . Also playing their part are increased mobility of populations, particularly moves from rural to urban areas, increased affluence, increased alcohol comsumption and leisure time together with greater personal freedom . The medical factors include the prevalence of asymptomatic infection mainly in women but also in men, the high incidence in homosexual men who may be asymptomatic and very promiscuous, and the fact that modern treatment is simple and effective reduces the fear of infection . Furthermore, modern contraceptive techniques such as the IUD and oral contraceptives (OCs) offer no barriers to infection unlike the condom and diaphragm . Syphilis is no longer a problem in the UK, as the incidence has remained at a low level of 2-3 cases/100,000 population for the past 20 years . Gonorrhea has become a problem in its place reaching almost epidemic proportions by 1975, although the incidence is now showing some sign of leveling off . Nonspecific urethritis in men and nonspecific genital infection in women, and the virus condition of herpes genitalis and genital warts have all continued to increase in incidence . In most clinics 40-50% of female patients with gonorrhea are under the age of 20 . Changing patterns of sexual behavior have altered the pattern of disease . Oral coitus, both fellatio and cunnilingus, have become more prevalent and can lead to pharyngeal gonorrhea which can be symptomless in both heterosexuals and homosexuals . Rectal gonorrhea occurs in women as well as in male homosexuals and can be a cause of failure of initial treatment . The diagnosis of gonorrhea is a bacteriological diagnosis, and smears and cultures must be taken from the urethra and cervix in the female . It is gradually becoming routine pratice in many clinics to swab the rectum and pharynx as well as the genital tract to exclude gonorrhea in those areas . Complications of gonorrhea have become common again . Salpingitis has increased in incidence . Gonococcal arthritis has reappeared . Nonspecific genital infection in both sexes is a considerable problem . In men, the incidence of nonspecific urethritis is greater than that of gonorrhea . In women, nonspecific vaginitis, cervicitis, and salpingitis increases in incidence year by year and can be difficult to treat . As many as 40% of all women suffering from gonorrhea also have an infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, which will cause symptoms . Virus infection continues to be on the increase . This is particularly the case with genital warts and herpes genitalis, which have doubled in incidence over the past 10 years . It is always important when dealing with these conditions to examine the sexual partner, or partners, for evidence of a similar infection .

Quad Sclavo Diagn, 1979 Mar, 15(1), 124 - 32
{The antibiogram in hospital practice . Its necessity and usefulness}; Gambella O; The A . examined 525 biologic samples that reached the Laboratory for normal bacteriological research . From those samples 625 bacterial species have been isolated, which have been tested with six antibiotics of commoner use, according to the method of Kirby-Bauer, employing two sorts of medium, the Mueller-Hinton Agar and the Brain Heart Infusion Agar . From these sensitivity-tests there resulted a very high rate of antibiotic resistance to of the six antibiotics examined . Several reasons have been invoked to explain the phenomenon but the most plausible explanation is that, it is due to the genetic modifications that the bacteria have undergone.

J Chir (Paris), 1979 Mar, 116(3), 193 - 200
{Acute calculous cholecystitis (author's transl)}; Dalmas H et al.; The authors studied 333 acute cholecystitis out of 2,200 operated on for lithiasis of the gall-bladder, 186 bacteriological tests were carried out on the vesicular liquid and wall . They insist on the main anatomo-pathological characteristic: early, partial or total destruction of the mucous together with acute inflammatory lesions of the wall and even sometimes necrosis . This irreversible lesion is due to the acute obstruction of the gall-bladder by blockage of a calculus . Acute cholecystitis are practically always aseptic at the beginning . Sepsis is a secondary complication . These anatomo-pathological and bacteriological elements have two therapeutic corollaries: 1 . The patient has to be operated very early at the aseptic stage . 2 . Preliminary antibiotherapy becomes useless . Under these conditions there is practically no death before the age of 65 . Mortality concern old people, operated late and suffering from other disease.

Trop Geogr Med, 1979 Mar, 31(1), 53 - 6
Prednisolone in the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis; Bademosi O et al.; The results of a steroid on 52 Nigerians (27 males, 25 females, aged 10 to 59 years) with bacteriologically proven pneumococcal meningitis are presented . Twenty-four of the patients were treated with steroids in addition to a standard regime . The clinical features on admission in the two groups were comparable and management other than steroid administration identical . Personality change with impairment of intellect was more frequent and mortality higher in the steroid-treated group although the differences wre not statistically significant . It is concluded that steroids apparently have no beneficial effect and may worsen the prognosis in pneumococcal meningitis.

Rev Chir Oncol Radiol O R L Oftalmol Stomatol Chir, 1979 Mar-Apr, 28(2), 137 - 9
{Primary splenic abscess ruptured into the peritoneal cavity (peritonitis in 3 stages)}; Popovici Z et al.; The authors present a case with peritonitis following rupture of a splenic abscess in a female aged 18 years . Peritonitis developed in three stages . The diagnosis before surgery was of pelvic peritonitis . Bacteriologic examination revealed the presence of B . colli . Splenectomy was followed by complete recovery of the patient . The site of the primary infection could not be determined . The authors stress the usefulness of exploration of the splenic lodge in the so-called "primary" generalized peritonitis, in pelvic peritonitis or in all cases when the origin of the peritoneal infection is not known.

Clin Orthop, 1979 Mar-Apr, (139), 150 - 5
Routes of infection . A study of using "tracer particles" in the orthopedic operating room; Wiley AM et al.; Wound irrigates and tissue samples were cultured from clean orthopedic wounds at the conclusion of 280 orthopedic operations . The surgeons used a laminar flow unit and took extra precautions against wound contamination although personnel exhaust systems were not used . It was possible to culture residual organisms but difficult to trace the source of these by bacteriological methods . Artificial or "tracer" particles which could be applied to patient or surgeon were retrieved from the wound and suitably stained . Using albumin microspheres it was possible to identify and differentiate "patient-derived particles" from "surgeon-derived particles" in the majority of all wounds . Contamination from the surgeon was significant even under near optimum operating room conditions . These techniques are useful for development of control measures for residual wound contamination in orthopedic operating rooms.

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1979 Mar, 28(2), 396 - 400
The investigation of related cases for the control of diarrhea in cities in developing countries; Koopman JS; An example of how follow-up of related cases of diarrhea by epidemiologically-oriented health promoters can result in important public health measures is described . The follow-up of related cases involved a search for an outbreak in which a population with a high attack rate could be defined in order to increase the likelihood of a successful investigation by means of a cross-sectional retrospective study design . Then, through standard epidemiologic techniques, the risk factors to be studied were selected and a questionnaire was designed and executed . The results of this investigation demonstrate that greater meticulousness in pursuing epidemiologic principles is required for success in diarrhea outbreak investigations in developing countries than in developed countries despite the fact that controllable contaminations discoverable by these techniques are much more frequent in the former . In the present investigation it was found that flavored drinks packaged in plastic by a process assuming increasing importance in food distribution were causing diarrhea because of unhygienic manufacturing procedures . A concomitant bacteriologic study helped confirm the epidemiologic findings, and bacteriologic cultures at different points in the manufacturing process suggested a solution to the contamination problem found.

An Esp Pediatr, 1979 Mar, 12(3), 245 - 56
{Cytological and bacteriological study of the vagina in newborn in a hospital environment (author's transl)}; Serrano Luna JL; An attempt has been made to ascertain the percentage of bacteriological transmission in the vaginal cavity, in a series of 98 studied cases between mother and daughter . All these findings have been correlated with the hormone quantities shown in smear tests . As a result of the work carried out it has been proved that transmission does not necessary take place, from the bacteriological point of view, in spite of the fact that E . coli is the bacteria most frequently found in cultures of smears from the vagina of both mothers and their newborn daughters . Similarly it was confirmed that differences between indices and percentages of cells from the vaginal epithelium of mothers and daughters is significant and are influenced by the presence of germs, among other factors.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1979 Mar, 32(3), 342 - 5
{Experience with CS-1170 in gynecological infections (author's transl)}; Matsuoka I et al.; CS-1170 was used in gynecological cases of infection, and the following satisfactory results were obtained . 1 . The drug was markedly effective in 3 of 12 cases, effective in 7, and ineffective in 2, being the efficacy rate 83.3% . 2 . It was highly effective even in the cases in which cefazolin (CEZ) and sulbenicillin (SBPC) were ineffective . 3 . The results of the bacteriological examinations turned to negative in 7 cases, but continued to be positive in 2, being the bacteriological efficacy rate 77.7% . It is noteworthy that E . coli completely disappeared by the administration of CS-1170 in 2 cases in which CEZ was ineffective . 4 . No side effect attributable to CS-1170 administration was observed.

Am J Med, 1979 Mar, 66(3), 463 - 7
Occult dental infection as a cause of fever of obscure origin; Levinson SL et al.; Three patients with prolonged unexplained fevers were ultimately found to have deep-seated dental infection . After initial examination failed to elicit symptoms or signs of dental infection, and extensive in-hospital evaluation was nonproductive, dental consultation with roentgenograms provided the diagnosis . All three patients underwent dental extractions with periapical or peridontal debridement; following a brief postoperative febrile period, all three responded with defervescence, without subsequent recurrence of fever . These cases emphasize the importance of periapical and peridontal infection as causes of fever of obscure origin . The pathogenesis, characteristics and bacteriology of periapical abscess are discussed.

Chest, 1979 Mar, 75(3), 334 - 9
Incidence of ruptured chordae tendineae in the mitral valvular prolapse syndrome: an echocardiographic study; Chandraratna PA et al.; Echocardiographic studies were performed in 190 consecutive patients with mitral valvular prolapse . All patients had either midsystolic posterior motion of the mitral valve or holosystolic hammock-like movement of the valve in systole . Thirteen patients (7 percent) were noted to have ruptured chordae tendineae . In four patients, a combination of abnormalities was observed . Five patients had clinical and bacteriologic evidence of infective endocarditis, two of whom had severe intractable pulmonary edema consequent to acute mitral regurgitation which required mitral valvular replacement . At surgery, one of these patients had ruptured chordae tendineae to both leaflets, and the other had chordal rupture of the posterior leaflet . The other patients probably had spontaneous rupture of the chordae tendineae . A spectrum of clinical findings was noted . Six patients had marked mitral regurgitation, while two had isolated systolic clicks . Thus, chordal rupture does not always result in severe hemodynamic deterioration . Serial echocardiographic studies will be of value in studying the natural history and progression of disease in patients with chordal rupture.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 1979 Mar-Apr, 88(2 Pt 1), 166 - 71
Adenoids and otitis media with effusion; Ruokonen J et al.; At adenoidectomy specimens for bacteriological, virological, and histological investigation were obtained from the adenoids of 144 children, 53 of whom suffered from otitis media with effusion, or frequently recurring otitis media . Comparison of findings in children with ear diseases with those obtained in the rest of the material showed that Hemophilus influenza was cultured from 50% of the specimens from the children with ear diseases, while only 14% of the cultures from the other children yielded H . influenza . Virus isolates were made from 17 adenoids . In children with ear diseases a virus was isolated from 28% of the specimens, whereas positive isolates were obtained in only 3% of the rest of the speciemens . Both findings are statistically significant and support the view that the adenoid tissue may play an important role in the etiology of otitis media with effusion . The infected adenoid may be the direct source of the primary infections, or continuous microbial irritation in the nasopharynx may indirectly be the cause of otitis media with effusion, as persistent infection and edema maintain chronic dysfunction of the eustachian tube . Thus adenoidectomy may be beneficial in the treatment of frequently recurring otitis media, preventing otitis media with effusion from developing.

Rofo, 1979 Mar, 130(3), 332 - 7
Angiography in synovitis of the knee; Grepl J et al.; In inappropriately treated synovitides of the knee joint with shift towards a villonodular inversion, an inflammatory angiographic symptomatology may be expected which is different according to the seriousness of the illness including (1) local hyperaemia, (2) deviation of arteries, (3) morphologic and formative vascular inversions and (4) diffusion of the contrast material into synovitic conglomerates and (5) shunts . From these findings the stadia of synovitis may be evaluated, including the extent and place of the villonodular inversion in the clinically or arthrographically inaccessible sites . Differential-diagnostic contributions to the origin of the synovitis cannot be expected from angiography and biochemical as well as bacteriological methods (cultivation) remain necessary . Despite this, angiography has its supplementary value in all cases where an analysis of synovitis is impossible by other means and also in all cases, where the extent of the synovitic changes must be evaluated for an operative treatment.

Tijdschr Diergeneeskd, 1979 Mar 1, 104(5), 221 - 7
{Bacterial skin infections in the dog (author's transl)}; Willemse A; The most common bacterial skin conditions in dogs are reviewed in the present paper . An introductory part on the pathogenesis of pyoderma and some universal morphological dermatological concepts is followed by a systematic study of superficial and deep forms of pyoderma . In addition to the bacterial diagnosis, the results of bacteriological examination of fifty-three dogs with pyoderma submitted to the University Clinic of small animal medicine are reported . Moreover, a guide to the institution of adequate therapy is suggested.

Afr J Med Med Sci, 1979 Mar-Jun, 8(1-2), 61 - 70
A double-blind comparative study of cimetidine and placebo in adult Nigerian duodenal ulcer patients with special reference to gastroduodenal mucosal morphology and intestinal bacterial activity; Falaiye JM et al.; Twenty-seven adult Nigerian patients with endoscopically proven active duodenal ulcers have received in a double-blind trial either the histamine H2 - receptor antagonist cimetidine 1g daily or placebo tablets of identical appearance for 4 weeks . Fifty-six per cent of the cimetidine patients and 18% of those receiving placebo had endoscopically completely healed ulcers and total pain relief at the completion of trial . This response amounted to clinical cure . An additional 19% of patients in the cimetidine group experienced clinical improvement either in endoscopic or symptomatic reassessment but not in both, thus leading to a disparity between clinical cure rate (56%), healing rate (69%), and pain relief (64%) . Though therefore significantly better than placebo, this less favourable response to cimetidine in this study may be due to the short trial period, the disparity between healing and pain relief rates or to co-existing and persistent antroduodenitis in ulcer patients as shown on gastroduodenal mucosal biopsies taken at the time of the clinical investigation . There were no untoward clinical laboratory side effects with the exception of the one cimetidine patient who experienced diarrhoea and a small number who showed slight, asymptomatic rise in plasma creatinine level . Of particular interest to the reported occurrence of diarrhoea with cimetidine therapy is the finding in the bacteriological studies of intestinal aspirates and biochemistry estimations for indicanuria in the consenting patients which showed that orally administered cimetidine 1g daily for 4 weeks neither produced demonstratable alterations in the bacterial content of the small bowel not pathological indicanuria, thereby excluding bacterial overgrowth syndrome as a therapeutic hazard in the clinical application of cimetidine.

Vet Med (Praha), 1979 Mar, 24(3), 143 - 8
{Effect of bovine hypodermosis on various health indicators of milk in first-calvers}; Riha J et al.; The effect of the last developmental phase of the warble fly (Hypoderma bovis de Greer) larvas was studied as exerted on some health indices of milk in 20 experimental (treated) and 18 control (untreated) first-calvers of the Pinzgau breed at two localities of an area affected by bovine hypodermosis in the period from May to June, 1975 . The preparation Hypocid, at a dose of 15 ml per 100 kg of body weight, was applied externally in the lumbosacral region to the experimental animals in November, 1974 . Throughout the experimental period (61 days) the milk was repeatedly examined bacteriologically and cytologically, the content of chlorides and the milk electric conductivity were determined . In none of the followed health indices of milk were significant differences in the values obtained from experimental and control first-calvers proved statistically.

Lancet, 1979 Feb 24, 1(8113), 425 - 8
Viruses in drinking-water . Reconsideration of evidence for postulated health hazard and proposals for virological standards of purity; Gamble DR; Stringent virological standards for drinking-water have been proposed by the World Health Organisation and by others, but there is no evidence of the spread of virus infection by drinking-water that has been adequately treated to conventional bacteriological standards . There is evidence for waterborne transmission of hepatitis and viral gastroenteritis but the case for the introduction of virological standards is critically examined . It is concluded that there is no evidence that drinking-water in the U.K . contributes to the spread of virus infection, and that the introduction of virological standards for drinking-water could not at present be justified . Moreover, in the absence of any information relating the degree of viral contamination to disease, there is no logical basis on which to set the level of a practical virological standard.

Nouv Presse Med, 1979 Feb 17, 8(8), 573 - 6
{The prognosis and treatment of pneumococcal meningitis in Africa . 402 cases (author's transl)}; Cadoz M et al.; Over a period of 5 years (1973--1977), 1083 patients were hospitalised in the Infectious Disease Clinic of the Dakar University Hospital Centre with bacteriologically confirmed purulent meningitis . The pneumococcus was responsible in 462 cases (42.6%) . Analysis of 402 records showed that 234 patients (58.2% of cases) died, 123 were completely cured (30.6%) whilst there were neurological sequelae in 45 cases (28% of the survivors) . The chief factors in poor prognosis were the existence and depth of changes in conscious level, age over 20 years, a CSF cell count of less than 500 per mm3, a CSF protein level greater than 2 g per 1 and I CSF antigen level over 8 microgram per ml . From a therapeutic standpoint, the percentage mortality was similar with chloramphenicol and with penicillin G, but complete cures were statistically more frequent in the patients treated initially with chloramphenicol.

Acta Neuropathol (Berl), 1979 Feb 15, 45(2), 153 - 7
Acute ascending poliomyelomalacia after treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia; Reznik M; This paper reports the case of a 16-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received chemotherapy including intrathecal injections of methotrexate and preventive irradiation of the brain, but not of the spinal cord . Several months later, she died from an acute ascending poliomyelitic syndrome evolving during 10 days . Clinical, bacteriological, and viral investigations failed to demonstrate any pathological agent . Autopsy revealed an acute ischemic lesion involving both anterior horns of the whole spinal cord and extending from the lower segment up to the mesencephalic region, without significant alteration of the white matter . Neither tumoral invasion, nor vascular obstruction was found . The pathogenesis of this yet undescribed lesion remained unclear but a metabolic disorder seemed the most plausible pathological factor.

Vet Rec, 1979 Feb 10, 104(6), 123 - 5
A three-month study of environmental mastitis in a dairy herd; Allison CJ et al.; During the autumn/winter of 1976, a study was made of a severe mastitis outbreak which occurred in a herd of 96 cows . Forty-four cows and 61 quarters were clinically infected with new infections between September and mid-December . Escherichia coli was isolated in 84 per cent of clinical samples submitted for bacteriological examination.

Am J Vet Res, 1979 Feb, 40(2), 280 - 4
Experimentally induced synovitis of chickens with Mycoplasma synoviae: effects of dexamethasone treatment; Kume K et al.; Specific - pathogen - free chickens were inoculated in the right tibiometatarsal joint with a synovitis-derived Mycoplasma synoviae strain before or during dexamethasone treatment . Development of synovitis in chickens inoculated during the drug treatment was apparently delayed in comparison with development of synovitis in non-treated chickens . Severity of clinical synovitis in chickens inoculated before the drug was given was apparently less than that in chickens not treated or in chickens treated with dexamethasone . Histopathologic changes in the early stage of the infection (1 to 2 weeks) were not modified by dexamethasone treatment, although those changes in the succeeding stage (6 to 7 weeks) were greatly lessened . A relationship was observed between the dosage of dexamethasone and the severity of synovitis, as well as the kinds of cells that infiltrated into the joint lesions . Although serum antibody titers in chickens treated with an excessive dose of dexamethasone were markedly lower, clinical, bacteriologic, and histopathologic observations in chickens treated with dexamethasone were similar to those previously found in surgically thymectomized chickens . These results may support the theory that multiple synovitis of chickens caused by M synoviae infection develops mainly because of an immune response, especially by thymus-dependent functions.

Am J Vet Res, 1979 Feb, 40(2), 241 - 4
Comparison of vaccination and treatment in controlling naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis; Hughes DE et al.; A vaccination study for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was conducted on 108 newborn Hereford calves in the US Department of Agriculture Meat Animal Research Center cattle herd at Clay Center, Nebraska . Groups were allocated so that age of calf, sex of calf, and age of dam were equally distributed between the 54 vaccinated (group I) and the 54 nonvaccinated (group 2) control calves . The dams of both groups of calves were monitored as group 3 controls . An autogenous Moraxella bovis bacterin (formalin-killed, whole cells) was given IM at birth and at approximate intervals of 2 weeks for a total of 3 doses . Bacterial isolation rates for the cattle in groups 1, 2, and 3 during the summer were 92.6%, 92.6%, and 54.1%, respectively, and disease rates were 100%, 96.3%, and 70.6% . The rates were significantly (P less than 0.05) different between calves and cows . Vaccination of calves at birth permitted serum antibodies to develop before the calves were extensively exposed to infection; however, immunity to the disease did not develop . In a treatment study of other animals in the same herd, but in another pasture, the same criteria were used for allocation of 107 cow-calf pairs . Eye spray was applied to treated principals (group 4, 52 calves; and group 6, 53 cows) each week after examination and sample collection . Controls consisted of 54 calves (group 5) and 54 cows (group 7) that were examined and cultured bacteriologically in the same manner . The bacterial isolation and disease rates were less (P less than 0.05) in the treated calves (group 4) than in the nontreated controls (group 5) . The differences in bacterial isolation rates between groups 6 and 7 were not significant, but group 6 had less (P less than 0.05) grade III lesions than did group 7 . Weekly treatment appeared to be more effective in reducing the incidence of disease than did vaccination.

Arch Surg, 1979 Feb, 114(2), 154 - 7
Bacteriologic and systemic effects of intraoperative segmental bowel preparation with povidone iodine; Arango A et al.; A technique for intraoperative segmental preparation of the large bowel, using 10% povidone iodine, was evaluated in 25 patients undergoing elective colon resection . Qualitative and quantitative bacteriology was obtained from the normal bowel content and from segments of colon treated with povidone iodine or normal saline . Forty-five of 50 segments treated with povidone iodine demonstrated no growth, whereas the segments injected with normal saline maintained bacterial counts of 3.5 x 10(8) colony forming units per milliliter . There were no septic complications in this group of patients and the levels of triiodothyroninc and thyroxin remained unchanged despite a substantial absorption of iodine, as demonstrated by protein-bound iodine determinations . Intraoperative segmental preparation of the colon with 10% povidone iodine is a simple technique that may be useful in the enhancement of other methods of bowel preparation by further reducing the endogenous bacterial inoculum at the time of transection of the colon.

Am J Epidemiol, 1979 Feb, 109(2), 205 - 17
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States; Farer LS et al.; In recent years, the decrease in reported tuberculosis in the United States has been due almost entirely to a drop in the number of cases of pulmonary disease . There has been little change in the average number of extrapulmonary cases reported . A retrospective survey of extrapulmonary tuberculosis has shown that it differs from pulmonary tuberculosis with regard to sex and race distribution, diagnosing physician's speciality and proportion of cases bacteriologically confirmed . There is variation within extrapulmonary cases according to specific anatomic site with regard to the above characteristics as well as age distribution . These epidemiologic differences in tuberculosis of different sites are unexplained.

Chest, 1979 Feb, 75(2), 115 - 9
Pulmonary mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium intracellulare-avium complex . Clinical features and course in 100 consecutive cases; Rosenzweig DY; One hundred consecutive cases of pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium intracellulare-avium seen during a 3 1/2-year period qualified for review on the basis of a compatible chest x-ray film, repeated isolations from cultures of sputum, and follow-up of three to eight years . Infections with M intracellulare-avium represented 27 percent of all mycobacterial infections seen during this period, including those due to M tuberculosis . The cases of disease due to M intracellulare-avium were predominantly in men with preexisting pulmonary disease, with a peak incidence in the sixth decade, but nearly one-third of the cases were in younger persons free of coexisting disease . The disease was chronic and indolent in most cases, and only a few showed a progressive course . A stable course was frequently observed despite prolonged persistently positive cultures of sputum . A favorable prognosis was most often found in those with previously treated tuberculosis . Poor prognosis was often due to a serious associated disease, such as cancer, rather than to advancing mycobacterial infection itself . Age, sex, or race was unrelated to prognosis . Conversion to negative status on culture was attained in one-half of the cases . Those with extensive radiographic involvement or cavitation were more likely to have treatment fail bacteriologically . No combination of chemotherapy appeared to be particularly effective, including the use of five or more drugs in eight cases demonstrating progressive disease . Surgery, too, was ultimately disappointing in that recurrence appeared in six of 18 carefully selected cases.

J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1979 Feb, 61(1), 47 - 55
Pyogenic non-tuberculous spinal infection: an analysis of thirty cases; Digby JM et al.; Thirty patients with non-tuberculous pyogenic osteomyelitis of the spine are reported in all of whom the diagnosis was confirmed bacteriologically, histologically or serologically . The clinical and radiological features and investigations are analysed . Back pain, localised to the level involved, was the predominant symptom . The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was raised in all cases, and a characteristic sequence of radiological features is described.

Chest, 1979 Feb, 75(2), 126 - 30
Thoracoscopy . Early diagnosis of interstitial pneumonitis in the immunologically suppressed child; Rodgers BM et al.; Interstitial pneumonitis in immunosuppressed patients demands prompt diagnosis and treatment . In an effort to achieve a simple yet highly accurate method of diagnosis, we have evaluated the usefulness of thoracoscopic examination . Twenty-seven procedures have been performed in 24 patients between the ages of 17 months and 18 years . All patients were immunosuppressed, most for treatment of malignant processes . All procedures have been performed under anesthesia with intravenously administered ketamine, without endotracheal intubation . A definitive diagnosis has been made in every case, with pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii being identified in 18 instances . Complications have been minimal and include four minor pneumothoraces, two instances of bleeding, and two instances of prolonged air leak . Mortality attributable to the procedure has been nil, although five patients have died due to their underlying diseases within 30 days of the thoracoscopic procedure . Thoracoscopy has proven to be a rapid and safe technique for providing accurate histologic and bacteriologic diagnoses in these critically ill children.

J Reprod Med, 1979 Feb, 22(2), 106 - 8
Hemophilus influenza septicemia and midtrimester abortion; Ogden E et al.; A case of midtrimester septic abortion due to Hemophilus influenza is discussed on the basis that the pathogeneses of the septic abortion was due to the hematogenous spread of the organism orginating from upper respiratory infection . The absence of ruptured membranes and the elevated antibody titer at the onset of the pelvic infection were in keeping with this hypothesis . Additional data on the bacteriology of this organism and the probability of the occurrence of a type b organism with original ampicillin resistance are presented.

Ann Allergy, 1979 Jan, 42(1), 44 - 8
Bronchial asthma and pathological processes in the nasopharynx . I . Clinical analysis during remission and attack; Obtulowicz K et al.; In 54 patients with bronchial asthma and a control group of 15 subjects laryngological, bacteriological and cytological examinations of the nasopharynx were performed . This region was found to be inflamed in 38% of the patients with asthma; in a group of asthmatic patients hypersensitive to aspirin, the percentage rose to 87% . In the asthmatic patients, as compared with the control group, there was a diminished neutrophilic exudate, a marked epithelial desquamation reaction and an abundant lymphocyticosinophilic exudate in a considerable percentage of cases.

Arch Geschwulstforsch, 1979, 49(7), 613 - 7
{The galactophoritis--a cytological symptom of mastopathy (author's transl)}; Wunderlich M et al.; In cytological examinations of 7,739 women with nipple discharge 90 cases of galactophoritis were found . Additional diagnostic methods, especially galactography in 24 patients could classify the galactophoritis as a symptom of mastopathy . Cytophotometrical and bacteriological examinations of the galactophoritical discharge supported this . Based on enlarged galactographical-histological comparative investigations milk duct cysts and dilatations in the galactograms were shown to be typical roentgenmorphological signs of mastopathy . It was therefore possible to classify the cytological picture of the galactophoritis.

Arch Exp Veterinarmed, 1979, 33(6), 951 - 6
{Experience in identification and control of mycoplasma in dairy cattle stock under routine laboratory conditions}; Wehnert C; Exacting demands have to be met by milk testing routine laboratories where mycoplasma species are to be cultured from milk samples . Cleanliness of sampling, immediate cold storage, and no-delay transport of the milk samples to the testing centre are of greatest importance to the informative value of all mycoplasma tests . In the summer season, it is recommended to freeze the milk samples immediately after sampling . Mycoplasma broth should not be inoculated to animals of the herd from which the samples had been taken . A modified mycoplasma culturing medium is described in this paper . It will enable wider introduction of mycoplasma diagnosis by more Regional Institutes of Veterinary Medicine . Also reported in this paper are diagnosis and successful control of enzootic mastitis caused by Acholeplasma laidlawii and Acheloplasma axanthum . Repeated bacteriological testing of milk and secretion of all cows in the herd helped in picking out all bacteriologically positive animals and isolating them from the negative individuals . All animals that had produced positive responses to bacteriological testing were killed, notwithstanding clinical udder and general milk findings . Definite success of any control action undertaken against mycoplasmic mastitis will depend strongly on no-delay bacteriological testing of milk and secretion samples from all cows of the given herd, as early as in the acute phase of mastitis caused by mycoplasma.

Ann Med Interne (Paris), 1979, 130(11), 569 - 76
{Results of bronchial scrapings in interstitial pulmonary diseases in immunodeficient children (author's transl)}; Lavaud J et al.; Endobronchial scraping was used in 53 immunodeficient children, aged 4 months to 15 years, and divided into three categories (37 receiving immunosuppression treatment, 8 with marasmus, and 8 with immunodeficiency), in order to determine the etiology of their interstitial pneumopathy . The examination was made under blind conditions in 21 cases using an intubation tube (under assisted ventilation), and with bronchoscopy under general anesthesia in the other 32 cases . Three scrapings were required for cytological, bacteriological, and virological and mycological examinations . In 32 cases (60%), the etiology of the interstitial pneumopathy was discovered; in 18 patients it was due to pneumocystis carinii, in 10 cases to bacterial infection, in 7 cases a viral infection, and in 3 others a fungal infection . An association of infective agents was reported in 6 cases . The major incident observed was a pneumothorax in 17% of the cases, more especially in 45% of the children under 20 months of age . Bronchial scraping is a valid examination the results and complications of which compare well with other non-vascular methods of diagnostic evaluation of such lesions.

Postgrad Med J, 1979, 55 Suppl 4, 56 - 8
Cefaclor therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis; Wernstedt L et al.; Twenty-four patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were treated with cefaclor at a dose of 500 mg every 8 hours for 10 days . Studies included volume, appearance and bacteriological examination of sputum, and haematological and virus serology tests . The response to therapy was judged on the reduction in sputum volume or the conversion of its character from purulent to mucoid . Nineteen of 24 patients improved and in 4 of 5 failures, positive serology for influenza virus was found . Growth of Pseudomonas occurred in one sputum . Minor side effects were seen in 3 patients, and no haematological or biochemical abnormalities were found.

Vet Med Nauki, 1979, 16(9), 71 - 4
{Enzootic erysipeloid in pheasants}; Lulov R et al.; Epizootological, clinical, bacteriological and pathomorhological studies on enzooty of erysipelas in a flock of 11 000 pheasants were made . The clinical symptoms of sick pheasants and the pathologoanatomical and patho-histogical changes observed in dead pheasants are described . The pathogen of erysipelas was isolated and differentiated . The disease was reproduced experimentally in 15 pheasants from another fram where no cases of the disease were encountered . The source of infection remained unknown . It was established that, as is the case in other animals and birds, erysepelas in pheasants is characterized clinically and morphologically by the symptoms of septicaemia.

Vet Med Nauki, 1979, 16(5), 59 - 66
{Atypical course of cholera in poultry}; Tsonev TsS et al.; Atypically developing chicken septicemia was studied at 3 farms in Bulgaria . In one of the observed centers of chicken septicemia infection no pathologic anatomical changes were evident while in the other two centers of infection serofibrinose and serofibrinose vitelline peritonitis, as well as pleurisy were present . In the bacteriological investigation carried out on 2969 samples 233 strains of chicken septicemia were isolated . Identification of 84 of them by the aid of the specific bacteriophage P . multocida 115 and of sugar and alcohol fermantation revealed that they can be classified as P . multocida . They are lyzated by a phage but do not reproduce it . Chicken septicemia cultures are virulent for white mice . In intramuscular injections of pullets these cultures prove not virulent, but their intravenous application kills the pullets in 5--10 days and the initial strain is isolated from all inner organs . The biological test on pullets is suitable for determining chicken septicemia culture virulence.

Ann Acad Med Singapore, 1979 Jan, 8(1), 63 - 6
Treatment of chancroid with Bactrim; Rajan VS et al.; Bacterim in either oral or intramuscular injection forms were given to 67 patients with Chancroid . It was found that after one week of treatment, clinical cure rate was 46.3% and bacteriological cure rate was 73.1% . After two weeks, the clinical cure rate was 77.6% . Three patients (4.5%) had persistent sores at the end of two weeks and only one of these (2.5%) was bacteriologically active . Twelve patients defaulted . Adverse side-effects were observed in five patients . The effectiveness of Streptomycin, Sulphonamide and Tetracyclines, the other commonly used therapeutic agents, was discussed and compared with Bactrim . It was concluded that Bactrim was a safe and effective drug to use, and recommended as an alternative to Streptomycin and Sulphonamides in the management of Chancroid.

Poumon Coeur, 1979, 35(4), 185 - 8
{Non suppurative acute "bacterial" pneumonia in alcoholics . Study of 54 cases (author's transl)}; Ricome JL et al.; Pneumonia in alcoholics are frequent and often severe . A retrospective study, including two groups of patients, 25 in internal medicine and 29 in intensive care, was undertaken to define the main clinical, prognostic and therapeutical characters of these pneumonias . Death rate was very high in patients admitted to intensive care units (60%) but nil in patients in internal medicine . The principal elements of the prognosis were the existence of a neutropenia at the beginning, the condition of denutrition of the patient, failure to recognize the responsible germ because of an antibiotic treatment given blindly, and the delay of the treatment . The pneumococcus was the most frequently encountered germ (77%) . After discussing the mechanisms of the quantitative and qualitative involvement of the neutrophilic leukocytes, the authors stated the measures which would lower the death rate and stressed the value of transtracheal puncture enabling an early bacteriological diagnosis.

J Int Med Res, 1979, 7(2), 127 - 31
Amoxycillin injection in the treatment of pyogenic meningitis in children; Maguire MJ et al.; An open trial of the use of amoxycillin injection in the treatment of pyogenic meningitis in children showed similar results to previous trials here of penicillin-chloramphenicol combinations . It is felt that, in developing countries at least, treatment of pyogenic meningitis in children should be with the latter combination, but where rapid and accurate bacteriology is available amoxycillin may be valuable non-toxic alternative to chloramphenicol with similar activity to ampicillin.

Acta Otolaryngol, 1979, 88(1-2), 122 - 6
Myringotomy in the treatment of acute otitis media in children; Puhakka H et al.; The treatment of acute otitis media was studied in 158 children . All children (mean age 4 years) received penicillin orally 80 000--100 000 IU per day for 10 days . Myringotomy was performed on 68 children at the time of the diagnosis . The other 90 children were treated with penicillin and ear drops . The bacteriological findings from the nasopharynx at the time of diagnosis were equivalent in both groups . After 2 weeks, 42% of the children without myringotomy and 71% of the children with myringotomy were cured . The children who were not cured were treated with amoxicillin for 10 days . Four weeks after diagnosis 71% and 90% of the children respectively were cured . The differences between the two groups are significant . The observations indicate that myringotomy clearly accelerates the recovery from acute otitis media.

Med Trop (Mars), 1979 Jan-Feb, 39(1), 9 - 15
{Agents of mycetomas: a bacteriological and parasitological study (author's transl)}; Peloux Y et al.; Microscopic agents responsible of Mycetomas are reviewed . They may be bacteria belonging to the Actinomycetalae order (Nocardia, Actinomadura, Streptomyces) or very various fungi belonging to the classes of Adelomycetes or Ascomycetes (Madurella, Leptosphaeria, Neotestudina, etc.) . Though the procedures for collecting and transporting samples are the same, direct microscopic examination gives possibility to choose among the selective culture media the most appropriate ones to isolate either fungi or Actinomycetalae . Technics of identification for the most important bacterial agents are given, but fungi can be identified in only very specialized laboratories . Immunological methods may bring valuable indications for helping diagnosis or treatment supervision.

Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg, 1979, 13(1), 73 - 5
Gas gangrene as a complication of burns; Davies DM; Gas gangrene infection in burnt patients is a rare but often fatal complication . It may however, be successfully treated by the use of hyperbaric oxygen and later judicious amputation of dead tissues . Five cases of bacteriologically proven gas gangrene, three of whom survived, occurred out of a total of one thousand and sixty-four burns patients treated since 1964 in the McIndoe Burns Unit, and these we describe.

Neurosurgery, 1979 Jan, 4(1), 18 - 29
Autogenous skull cranioplasty: fresh and preserved (frozen), with consideration of the cellular response; Prolo DJ et al.; Every craniotomy requires immediate replacement of a fresh autograft of skull or, in the presence of cerebral swelling, delayed reimplantation of preserved autogenous skull . Resumption of osteogenesis, the index of viability, determines the effectiveness of these segments of calvaria in protecting the brain and restoring skull conformity . The cellular response in skull replaced either at the end of craniotomy or after frozen preservation was studied by light and fluorescence microscopy, skull roentgenograms, and radionuclide scintigraphy . In 5 patients eventual total remodeling of skull was found at the time of a second craniotomy performed from 1 to 19 years after the first . In 12 patients skull sections removed aseptically at craniotomy were frozen and stored for 1 to 35 months at -20 degrees C in bacitracin . This cytotoxic preservative method fixed the tissue, which appeared unchanged on light microscopy and was sterile on bacteriological and fungal cultures . In 53 patients who underwent autogenous cranioplasty with skull stored frozen for 3 weeks to 19 months, 48 operations were totally successful . Complications included infections in 2 patients, resorption in 2 infants, and incomplete restoration in 1 adult . In 10 patients the sequential dynamics of skull revitalization were found to be: revascularization, resorption, and accretion . The repair of membranous skull is similar to that of endochondral bone of the skeleton . Skull is metabolically intensely active after reimplantation and is the ideal material for cranioplasty.

Scand J Gastroenterol, 1979, 14(3), 333 - 6
The lactulose hydrogen breath test as a diagnostic test for small-bowel bacterial overgrowth; Rhodes JM et al.; The lactulose hydrogen breath test has been evaluated as a diagnostic test for small-bowel bacterial overgrowth using the 14C-glycocholate breath test for comparison . Twenty-seven patients with suspected bacterial overgrowth and 37 control patients were studied . The lactulose test was positive in 8 out of 9 patients with Subsequently proven bacterial overgrowth, all of whom had positive 14C-glycocholate tests . However, 6 patients with ileal disease or resection had positive 14C-glycocholate tests but negative lactulose tests . subsequent bacteriological study of duodenal juice from these patients was negative . Negative results were obtained by both tests in the remaining 12 patients, none of whom were subsequently shown to have bacterial overgrowth . All 37 control subjects had negative lactulose tests . The lactulose breath test is a simple and promising diagnostic test for the detection of small-bowel bacterial overgrowth and, unlike the 14C-glycocholate test, has the advantage of being able to distinguish bacterial overgrowth from ileal disease.

Infection, 1979, 7 Suppl 2, S211 - 5
{Infections caused by the so-called atypical mycobacteria (author's transl)}; Jakschik M; A number of cases of patients in whom the so-called atypical mycobacteria were identified in our institute are presented briefly in this report . Predisposing factors such as occupation and existing tissue damage, particularly in prolonged respiratory tract diseases, play a significant role in the establishment of the infection in the host organism . The bacteriological culturing, testing and typing of these organisms is an important adjunct to the clinical picture.

J Int Med Res, 1979, 7(1), 52 - 6
Magnapen treatment of infections in the elderly; Middleton RS et al.; Magnapen is a combination of two well-proven semi-snythetic penicillins which together offer the theoretical advantages of a broad spectrum of activity, good bioavailability and a low incidence of side-effects . It is of particular value in treating infections in the elderly . In this study the theory is borne out in practice in a population presenting special problems for which this combination seems particularly appropriate . Ninety-six patients have been treated with a course of Magnapen syrup . Of the total entered into the study, 73% of patients were clinically cured following therapy, with a further 19% improved . Clinical failure occurred in 8% of patients . Fifty-two patients were bacteriologically assessable, forty-seven of whom (90%) had infecting organisms cleared by therapy . Side-effects occurred in four patients (4%), one of whom had to discontinue therapy.

J Int Med Res, 1979, 7(6), 531 - 4
A general practice trial of an amoxycillin/flucloxacillin combination (Suprapen) in proven bacterial infections; Kritzinger NA; Ninety-three cases of proven bacterial infection occurring in general practice were treated with an amoxycillin/flucloxacillin combination . There was a satisfactory clinical response in 98% of patients and an overall bacteriological success rate of 95.7% . Eleven patients (9.1%) complained of side-effects but withdrawal of the combination was necessary in only one patient who developed a rash.

Infection, 1979, 7 Suppl 5, S507 - 512
Studies on aminopenicillin developments . Proceedings of a symposium . Concluding remarks; Bergan T; This symposium has focused on the bacteriological, pharmacokinetic, therapeutic, and adverse effects of the aminopenicillins . The compounds which are currently being assessed are primarily amoxycillin, ampicillin, bacampicillin, pivampicillin, and talampicillin . The three last mentioned are prodrugs which upon gastrointestinal absorption are rapidly split to yield circulating ampicillin . Pharmacokinetics and side-effects are reasons why one may narrow the selection of most suitable compounds within this group down to three . Ampicillin and amoxycillin are primary choices for parenteral dosage, and amoxycillin and bacampicillin the most suitable for oral therapy.

Infection, 1979, 7 Suppl 5, S456 - 7
Clinical pharmacological evaluation of aminopenicillins; Mattie H et al.; To establish the clinical value of antibiotics, clinical trials are necessary . Both bacteriological and clinical-pharmacological data are helpful when designing a proper clinical trial . The difference between amoxicillin and ampicillin preparations cannot be defined on pharmacokinetic grounds alone . The difference in absorption between ampicillin and either pivampicillin or bacampicillin shows the latter two to be superior.

Scand J Infect Dis Suppl, 1979, (19), 35 - 41
Anaerobic infection of the liver and biliary tract in experimental common duct occlusion; Justesen T et al.; The pathogenicity of single anaerobic, single aerobic, and mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacterial inocula was studied in 3 groups of 12 rabbits with biliary tract obstruction . B . fragilis, ss . fragilis and E . coli serotype 01:K1:H7 were used . The investigation was made 7 days after bacterial inoculation and included bacteriological studies of the liver and bile as well as studies of liver function and morphology of the liver and biliary tract . Inoculation of 10(5)--10(6) E . coli did not cause biliary tract infection, liver abscesses or death . Inoculation of 10(9) B . fragilis caused biliary tract infection in 83 per cent and liver abscesses in 17 per cent of the animals inoculated, without any mortality . Combined inoculation with B . fragilis and E . coli in reduced doses significantly increased mortality (42 per cent) and frequency of liver abscesses in surviving animals (86 per cent) . All abscesses, however, yielded pure culture of B . fragilis only . 84 per cent of the animals inoculated with B . fragilis alone or with B . fragilis in combination with E . coli developed biliary tract infection with B . fragilis, the bile yielding from 10(7)--)0(9) B . fragilis per ml, gall bladder bile yielding significantly higher bacterial counts than common duct bile . E . coli was never recovered from bile in surviving animals but from both bile and blood in animals not surviving the experimental period.

Curr Med Res Opin, 1979, 5(10), 790 - 2
Mezlocillin in gonorrhoea: a pilot study; Fowler W et al.; A pilot study was carried out in 50 patients with uncomplicated, untreated gonorrhoea to asses the effectiveness of mezlocillin, a new semi-synthetic penicillin . Patients received a single intravenous injection of 2 g mezlocillin and were followed-up for periods up to 101 days . Four patients defaulted immediately . Clinical and bacteriological findings showed that only 1 of the 46 patients followed-up had failed to respond to treatment, indicating a cure rate of 97.8% . Five (10.8%) male patients had developed post-gonococcal urethritis when seen 3 weeks or later in the follow-up period.

Clin Exp Immunol, 1979 Jan, 35(1), 45 - 52
A placebo controlled clinical trial of transfer factor in lepromatous leprosy; Faber WR et al.; The effects of repeated injections of transfer factor over a period of 20 weeks were investigated in fourteen bacteriologically positive patients at the lepromatous side of the leprosy spectrum . All patients showed negative (0 mm induration) skin tests to M . leprae antigens (i.e . leprolin and lepromin) . Of these patients, seven were treated with transfer factor with a total of 9 units (1 unit being equivalent to 5 x 10(8) lymphocytes) and seven with a placebo . Maintenance treatment with clofazimine was continued . Transfer factor was prepared from the lymphocytes of donors who showed positive skin tests to M . leprae antigens (i.e . leprolin greater than or equal to 12 mm induration, average 15.5 mm or lepromin greater than or equal to 8 mm induration, average 13.6 mm), as well as a positive lymphocyte transformation in vitro to M . leprae (the average transformation being higher than the average transformation of lymphocytes of tuberculoid leprosy patients) . No differences were found between the two groups as regards the clinical course of the disease, the histopathological and bacteriological evaluation of skin biopsies, changes in skin test reactivity to various antigens (i.e . lepromin, leprolin, PPD, Mumps, C . albicans, Tr . rubrum and Varidase), as well as the lymphocyte transformation in vitro to various mitogens (i.e . PHA, PWM, Con A) and antigens (i.e . M . leprae, leprolin, PPD, BCG, Mumps, C . albicans, Trichophyton and Varidase) . No evidence was found to suggest that transfer factor is a valuable adjuvant in the treatment of lepromatous leprosy patients or that it increases cell-mediated immune reactivity towards M . leprae.

Dermatologica, 1979, 158(1), 46 - 54
Evaluation of treatment of lepromatous leprosy patients in the Netherlands; Faber WR et al.; The results of treatment of the group of leprosy patients at the lepromatous side of the leprosy spectrum registered at the Department of Dermatology of the University of Amsterdam in the years 1950-1976 were studied . The average duration of treatment to obtain bacteriologically negative skin biopsies in patients who were untreated at the time of registration, was 5 years . A substantial number of patients suffered a relapse; the main reasons for these relapses were discontinuation of treatment and DDS treatment in low dosage.

J Reprod Fertil Suppl, 1979, (27), 343 - 9
Epidemiological observations on contagious equine metritis in Kentucky, 1978; Bryans JT et al.; Contagious equine metritis, introduced by importation of 2 comtaminated stallions from France, affected 54 Thoroughbred brood mares during the 1978 breeding season in Kentucky . The infection was diagnosed bacteriologically and by the use of a complement fixation test . Although lateral spread to stallions, and probably to a few mares, occurred through human agency in the breeding sheds of 2 stud farms, control measures instituted early in the epidemic confined the disease to brood mares bred by stallion on only these farms.

J Reprod Fertil Suppl, 1979, (27), 337 - 42
Contagious equine metritis in Australia; Hazard GH et al.; Contagious equine metritis (CEM) was first diagnosed in Australia in August 1977 and it has since been found on 6 farms in 3 states, having been isolated from about 24 mares and 2 stallions . Details are given of the epidemiology and control procedures used to combat CEM on one farm . Difficulty was experience in successfully treating one infected stallion; this was thought to be associated with inadequate cleaning and treating of the diverticulum of the urethral fossa . Introduction of the disease has had far-reaching consequences and may well result in the adoption of routine bacteriological tests on stallions and mares of unknown or dubious breeding history and other measures to minimize the possibility of spread between farms.

J Reprod Fertil Suppl, 1979, (27), 331 - 5
The epidemiology of contagious equine metritis (CEM) in England 1977--1978); Powell DG et al.; Following an outbreak of CEM in England during 1977 a Code of Practice was introduced to control the disease in 1978 . The Code recommended a bacteriological screening programme for Thoroughbred mares and stallions and improved standards of hygiene on the stud farm . As a result of the implementation of the Code a number of asymptomatic carrier mares was detected . Stallions which had transmitted CEM in 2977 and were treated did not transmit the disease during 1978 . Two small outbreaks of CEM were reported during the 1978 breeding season.

Rev Chil Obstet Ginecol, 1979, 44(5), 237 - 44
{Endouterine fibrinolytic activity in users of intrauterine devices}; Gayan P et al.; PIP: A study of 51 endometrial samples extracted from 142 IUD users was made; 92 of these users had normal menstrual cycles and 50 had polymenorrhea or hypermenorrhea . 71 samples were extracted during menstrual bleeding and 71 during the intermenstrual period . The IUD and endometrial samples were set down in fibrin plaques and maintained at 37 degrees Celsius for 18 hours . The fibrinolytic activity was evaluated in degrees from 0-4 . Bacteriologic and histopathologic analysis was made in 13 of 21 endometrial samples extracted in the intermenstrual period from polymenorrheic women . The results obtained were compared considering the average of degrees and the relative frequency of high and low degrees in each group . The results indicate that in the samples obtained during menstrual bleeding, there was no statistically significant difference between the normal bleeding and the hypermenorrheic or polymenorrheic women, but that there are statistically significant differences when the results obtained with samples extracted during the intermenstrual period are compared . The conclusion is that in 78.79% of the cases of polymenorrheic or hypermenorrheic women studied, there exists an increase in the intrauterine fibrinolytic activity . (author's)

Acta Neurol Latinoam, 1979, 25(3-4), 189 - 205
{Brain abscesses . Clinical experience in 27 cases studied by computed tomography}; Nogues M et al.; The prognosis of patients with cerebral abscess depends on an early and accurate diagnosis and its delay carries a high mortality . The CT is at present the diagnostic method of choice for cerebral abscess, because it identifies and localizes precisely the lesion and it allows, based on its morphological characteristic, to select the appropriate time for surgery, and a correct follow up can be easily done . Our experience with 27 cases of cerebral abscess studied by CT is analized and discussed . The mortality rate in our experience was 15% . This is still too high, but we hope and believe it can be reduced with the regular use of CT, appropriate bacteriological studies, and accurate therapeutical management.

Rev Ig Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol Pneumoftiziol Pneumoftiziol, 1979 Jan-Mar, 28(1), 39 - 46
{Results of intermittent biweekly treatment with rifampicin and ethambutol in silicotuberculosis}; Dobre V et al.; The results were analysed, of the results obtained by the associated treatment with rifampicin and etambutol 2/7 for at least 6 months in 53 patients with silico-tuberculosis and positive bacteriologic tests . Only two of the patients in the group were in the 1-st stage of silicosis while half of the patients had cavities . Also 50% of the patients had strains showing resistance to various drugs . Only five of the patients did not receive chemotherapy before the start of the study . Immediate favourable bacteriological results were noted in 84.9% of the cases and late positive results represented 54.7%, while radiologic improvement was noted in 33.9% of the cases . The percentage of good results was higher in patients without cavities but it was not influenced by the stage of silicosis development.

Infection, 1979, 7(1), 38 - 40
Rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and young children; Srankova L et al.; The electronmicroscopic examination of stool samples from 18 infants and young children with gastroenteritis, hospitalized at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases in Prague, was carried out . In ten children rotavirus was found in the faeces and the bacteriological findings were negative . Rotavirus particles were aggregated by convalescent child sera and by normal human gamma globulin . The clinical picture was characterized by the sudden onset of vomiting and fever, in one case with febrile convulsions . Diarrhoea was watery and yellow-green, and usually persisted for four to five days . The condition of the children improved rapidly after rehydration and a special diet . Older siblings, and in one family also adult members, were frequently affected.

J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris), 1979, 8(8), 711 - 21
{Severe acute genital infections (Based on 100 cases) . A clinical study and the contribution of laparoscopy (author's transl)}; Blum F et al.; PIP: 124 women were observed for supposed genital infection; the same protocol was used for all patients who were examined before and after celioscopy . Celioscopy revealed that there had been 32 false diagnoses; it also revealed 8 cases of infection not previously suspected . 59 patients were nulliparous, a percentage to take into consideration since it is well known that genital infection can cause sterility . Most patients were between 21-25, and for 24 of them the infection had been caused by an IUD . Revealing symptoms were, always, pain, and sometimes fever and methorrhagia . The study shows that prompt and exact diagnosis often rests on celioscopy, which not only allows for correction of false diagnoses, but permits initiation of the proper treatment as soon as possible .

Z Erkr Atmungsorgane, 1979, 152(1), 7 - 15
{Metaphylaxis, protection of the disabled and assessment of impairments by extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)}; van de Kamp W et al.; Problems of metaphylaxis, the care of disabled and impairments by extrapulmonary tuberculosis need special attention in the care of patients by the Policlinical Department for lung-diseases and tuberculosis . In order to realise and to approve the specific control recommendations for the follow-up and examination of impairments are given by which the work of care-services and the execution of control-measure on the appointed day in their daily activities is facilitated . Bacteriological control by culture and special X-ray-examination must be performed with superior rank . The assessment of impairments and the protection of the disabled correspond to the opinion of experts in these special fields where extrapulmonary tuberculosis has any importance.

Rofo, 1979 Jan, 130(1), 68 - 76
{Osteoarthritis in the neonate . Radiologic diagnosis and follow-up observations (author's transl)}; Weigel W et al.; A fatally ending index case of septic osteoarthritis that was diagnosed retrospectively initiated this report . This patient had severe, asymmetrically distributed metaphyseal growth disturbances at many long bones . In order to determine the features of early radiologic diagnosis we report the findings of 7 further patients with neonatal septic osteoarthritis with clinical and radiological follow-up . The most important observation for early radiologic diagnosis of osteoarthritis is the displacement of fat layers along the metaphysis . Other findings of the soft tissues have the same diagnostic value as bone destruction and subperiosteal new bone formation found one to three weeks later on roentgenfilms . Detecting early signs of osteoarthritis helps in localizing the focus for bacteriologic diagnosis, which is said to be more successful than blood cultures . Diagnosing a joint empyema initiates surgical intervention for pressure relief in order to avoid necrosis of the epiphysis as seen in the femoral head in septic arthritis of the hip joint . Early diagnosis and treatment prior to destruction of the growing cartilage is necessary to avoid growth disturbances and length discrepancies of long bones . In cases of sepsis a so called "babygram" and a repeat examination 10 to 14 days later is mandatory.

Surgery, 1979 Jan, 85(1), 1 - 13
Pathogenesis of aortoduodenal fistula: experimental and clinical correlates; Busuttil RW et al.; An aortoduodenal fistula (ADF) is believed to stem from erosion of a rigid prosthesis into the fixed retroperitoneal duodenum . Experimental and clinical data do not support a mechanical etiology, but indicate that the pathogenesis is an unrecognized graft infection with pseudoaneurysm formation . A 5 cm segment of Dacron was interposed in the infrarenal aortas of 24 dogs that were divided into four groups of six animals each . In group 1 (control) the duodenum was fixed by sutures to the proximal anastomosis of the Dacron graft . At 6 weeks' follow-up, no ADFs or deaths had occurred among this group . In group 2 the duodenum was fixed to the aortoprosthetic anastomosis and the dogs received an intravenous infusion of 10(8) S . aureus; two of these dogs developed ADF (P less than 0.01) . In group 3 the duodenum was incorporated as a patch on the anterior aspect of the aortoprosthetic suture line, creating a false aneurysm; three of these animals died as a result of ADF . A false aneurysm was created in group 4 dogs, as in group 3, but in addition, 10(8) S . aureus was administered intravenously; here five to six animals developed ADF . Clinical and bacteriological evidence of graft infection was present in seven of 11 patients with ADF who were seen over an 18 year period . Five had pseudoaneurysm formation at the proximal anastomosis . Operation was performed in eight patients; three had closure of the aortic leak and repair of the duodenum with omentum interposition . All resulted in recurrent fistula and delayed hemorrhage . Simple graft excision in two patients without reconstitution of peripheral circulation resulted in lower extremity gangrene . The three survivors had graft excision and axillofemoral bypass . These data suggest that the etiology of ADF is primary low-grade infection . Successful operation necessitates excision of the graft, duodenal closure, and an extraanatomical axillofemoral bypass graft.

Z Exp Chir, 1979, 12(5), 336 - 42
{Rapid determination of antibiotics resistance in clinico-surgical practice on the basis of radioactive carbon dioxide measurements}; Alant O et al.; The radiometric method is founded on the measurement of the 14CO2 which has gone free . This method was worked out of our team . It is a prompt sensitive and quantitative procedure for the control of antibiotic effect on bacteria . The method is a support in critical clinical situations . The prompt establishment of the antibiotic sensitivity can be live-saving . The empirics descended from 312 surgical patients . The antibiotical sensitivity of secretion samples is to be obtained within 4-6 hours . The results show in comparison with the classic bacteriological examinations five per cent less deviation . At the same time the computer analysis enables a finer distinction . 22 variable findings are possible within the categories: sensible, middling sensible and resistant . In that way the tested antibiotics are classified in an order of rank . The apparatus for the examination is producible without particular expenses . The measurements can be carried out at each hospital or clinical laboratory.

Prog Clin Biol Res, 1979, 35, 43 - 52
Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis of mixed infections during hysterectomy; Moroni M et al.; Surgical procedures on contaminated tissues, such as hysterectomy with opened vagina, are frequently followed by local or systemic infections . It seems that a prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis is not justified because of possible induction of resistant mutants or dysmicrobisms . The administration of antibiotics only in a short pre- and postsurgical period appears to be more rational . We have carried out a controlled clinical trial with the aim of evaluating the efficacy of this prophylactic practice . One hundred forty-five patients submitted to vaginal and two hundred seventy-five to abdominal hysterectomy entered this study (started September 1977) . All patients received local nitrofurantoin treatment and were then subdivided into four randomized groups: control group, groups treated with thiamphenicol, cephazolin, thiamphenicol plus cephazolin, respectively . Each antibiotic was administered in the dose of 1 gm one hour before and five and 12 hours after surgery . Antibiotics were chosen taking into consideration the usual vaginal microbial flora, notoriously mixed (aerobic and anaerobic) . The three treated groups presented a significant decrease in the incidence and severity of infectious complications . The use of antibiotics in the postoperative period resulted in significantly reduced morbidity in the treated groups . Thiamphenicol appears to be the most effective drug . Bacteriological studies showed that local treatment of the vagina decreased the bacteria charge, but never brought about sterilization.

Acta Leprol, 1979 Jan-Mar, (74), II - IV,1-32
Some aspects of tuberculoid leprosy and chemotherapeutic trials; Noussitou F; The author describes the progress made in our knowledge of tuberculoid leprosy since the original case of Jadassohn in 1898 . The numerical importance of T patients in different parts of the world is reviewed and their role in the transmission of the disease discussed . An analysis is made of the subgroups into which T leprosy is divided according to the clinical symptoms, bacteriology, histopathology and immunology in the Madrid classification as well as in the Souza-Lima-Souza Campos and Ridley-Jopling studies . The author concludes that a majority of T patients are immunologically stable and belong to two well defined groups, the first called T annular in the Souza-Lima-Souza Campos study and TT in the Ridley-Jopling classification and the second called T reactional by S.L.-S.C . and BT by R.J . Taking into account the high proportion of T cases in most epidemiological situations, their generally accepted good prognosis under treatment and the present availability of several drugs of proved efficacy, the author suggests to carry out in T leprosy under controlled conditions a trial of a number of therapeutic regimens of not more than 12 months duration . Follow-up periods will make possible medium and long-term evaluation of results after 3 and 5 years respectively of the initiation of the chemotherapeutic regimens . The practical implications of effective and well tolerated short-term therapy in T leprosy is stressed . Its widespread use in field programmes will represent among other advantages a considerable economy in personnel and drugs costs . The use of a single protocol is recommended . The one worked out by THELEP for therapeutic trials in lepromatous leprosy could be adopted with a few changes made necessary because of the morphological and bacteriological differences between L and T leprosy . It is suggested that, if the results of the trial are successful, similar regimens could be tried in indeterminate leprosy.

Ann Anesthesiol Fr, 1979, 20(6-7), 633 - 46
{Nature and antibiotic resistance of bacteria encountered in an intensive care unit . Computerized study based on 422 antibiograms}; du Cailar J et al.; A computer analysis of 422 sheets of data from antibiograms performed on 146 patients in a resuscitation unit of multipurpose type, was performed . The study comprises the investigation of the nature of the isolated bacteria and the resistance of the organisms to antibiotics alone or in combinations . The results obtained show on the one hand, that there is a development over time of resistance to antibiotics and a change in the nature of the bacteria, and on the other, that a precise knowledge of the bacteriological data concerning a given department enables the intiation of treatment before having the antibiogram results with an increased chance of efficacy . The importance of such a study is controversial.

Ann Anesthesiol Fr, 1979, 20(6-7), 519 - 22
{Bacteriology of the atmosphere in microclimate tents}; Romano P et al.; Micro-climate tents (pulsed filtered air) are frequently used in burns departments . In the Surgical and Traumatological Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care of the Henri Mondor Hospital, these tents are used in two types of indications: --placing of a tent over the head end of patients following tracheotomy with free spontaneous ventilation;--placing tents over irregular wounds . In these two categories of use, the aim is to isolate the zone under the tent by protecting it against secondary infection, but also to limit to this micro-climate any possible dissemination from the injured individual placed under the tent . Comparative study of the bacterial flora of the biotopes thus enclosed by micro-climate tents has been attempted.

Med Klin, 1978 Dec 15, 73(50), 1778 - 9
{The efficacy of a maintenance dose of 100 mg doxycycline (Vibramycin) daily in bacterial infections of chronic bronchitis (author's transl)}; Eicke R et al.; The efficacy and tolerance of a daily maintenance dose of 100 mg doxycycline (Vibramycin) was investigated in ambulant patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bacterial infection by an open study with clinical, bacteriological and cytological control . The dosage was well tolerated and effective in the elimination of H . influenzae and pneumococci . A higher maintenance dose seems not to be necessary for this type of infections.

Eng Med, 1979 Jan, 8(1), 27 - 32
Design and evaluation of a low cost columnar flow ventilation scheme in an operating theatre; Minns RJ et al.; A plenum chamber type ventilating system which produces a column of clean filtered air in an orthopaedic operating theatre has been designed using conventional air conditioning equipment . Its performance has been evaluated by carrying out smoke studies, and air velocity studies, and its cleanliness evaluated by bacteriological sampling . Two hundred and fifty operations involving implants have been conducted since this system has been installed, and the infection has been zero . This paper reports on the performance of this low cost ventilating system.

Nouv Presse Med, 1978 Dec 9, 7(44), 4037 - 40
{Tuberculosis of the oesophagus (author's transl)}; Ledoux-Lebard G et al.; Two cases of tuberculosis of the oesophagus serve as an opportunity to review the clinical and radiological features of this rare condition . Generally situated at the junction of the upper and middle third of the oesophagus, the lesion is found opposite the invaded inter-tracheobronchial mediastinal nodes which may give rise to a fistula . Confirmed by oesophagoscopy, direct bacteriological examination, oesophageal tuberculosis is usually cured without sequelae by antituberculous therapy.

Acta Anaesthesiol Belg, 1978 Dec, 29(4), 371 - 80
Severe burn cases : a tentative analysis of the epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological data; Micheels J et al.; We have computerized the epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological data of 140 serious burn cases, hospitalized in our intensive care unit (I.C.U.) . The most relevant conclusions are : Epidemiology : it is imperative to exert a prophylactic action against domestic burns through scalds and explosions . Clinic : the most frequent cause of death, during the phases of sept icemia, is cardiac failure . Lung burns significantly increase the mortality rate and they are impossible to codify in the classical systems of burn descriptions . Bacteriology : preventive antibiotic therapy determines, after three days, the strains which resist the usual antibiotics . An antibiotic loses some of its effect when used intensively in reanimation care . We express our concern with regard to the efficiency of antibiotic therapy in intensive care . We suggest to try and standardize data collection, so that multi-centre studies may help to increase the efficiency of their processing.

J Clin Pathol, 1978 Dec, 31(12), 1193 - 1201
A computer system for clinical microbiology; Williams KN et al.; The Department of Clinical Microbiology at St Thomas' Hospital has been producing bacteriological reports on a computer for more than three years and is now producing some 2300 reports per week . The system is operated entirely by laboratory staff without special training, and involves the use of optical mark reader (OMR) forms as worksheets, automatic validation and release of most reports, the use of local terminals, and scrutiny of reports by pathologists using a visual display unit . The OMR worksheet records not only the final result but also most of the tests and observations made on the samples; it is the only working document used by technicians . One specialist clinic submits its laboratory requests on an OMR form, which is subsequently used to record the results . The reports are printed and also filed in the computer to produce analyses for hospital, laboratory, and clinical management.

J Clin Microbiol, 1978 Dec, 8(6), 635 - 7
Assessment of expectorated sputum for bacteriological analysis based on polymorphs and squamous epithelial cells: six-month study; Martin RS et al.; Samples of sputum were examined microscopically to determine their suitability for routine culture . When the number of squamous epithelial cells per field was less than 10, the number of bacterial species generally fell within the range of one to four . Squamous epithelial cells were not always a true indication because some unmarked transtracheal specimens showing more than 10 squamous epithelial cells also gave a range of isolation falling between one and four . When the presence of 25 or more polymorphs was used as the parameter, the number of bacterial isolates generally fell within the range of one to three, but this resulted in positive overbiasing with consequent rejection of valid specimens . Later it was found that when a differential system using both polymorphonuclear cells and squamous epithelial cells was applied, a significant number of specimens could be salvaged which would otherwise have been discarded.

Tubercle, 1978 Dec, 59(4), 233 - 43
A second study of the use of community leaders in case-finding for pulmonary tuberculosis in Kenya; Aluoch JA et al.; This is the second study of case-finding activities for tuberculosis suspects undertaken in 2 locations of Machakos District . Three methods were investigated, namely (1) the requestioning of the Community Elders 1 year or more after a first questioning in the original study, (2) the examination of patients registered in the District Tuberculosis Register from 1969--1974 and (3) the examination of their close contacts . Requestioning the Elders produced a total of 421 suspects, 129 (31%) of whom had not been identified a year previously . The yield of freshly identified smear-positive, culture-positive cases was 0.7 per 100 suspects examined and of all culture-positive cases was 1.7 . However, all the smear-positive and 1.0 per 100 of the culture-positive cases were old patients who had previously been registered in the District Tuberculosis Register . Of the 181 patients with tuberculosis in the Register bacteriological results were available for 97; of these 6 were smear-positive, 9 culture-positive--yields of 6.2 smear-positive, culture-positive cases per 100 registered persons examined . The corresponding yields for the 63 persons who had been registered as having pulmonary disease were 9.5 and 14.3 . Of the 9 culture-positive, 7 had strains resistant to isoniazid, but all were sensitive to streptomycin . The examination of the 628 close contacts of the registered patients produced only 3 culture-positive cases, none of whom was smear-positive--a yield of 0.5 culture-positive cases per 100 contacts examined . All 3 strains were sensitive to isoniazid and streptomycin.

Arch Dermatol, 1978 Dec, 114(12), 1765 - 8
Bacteriology of chronic leg ulcers; Lookingbill DP et al.; The quantitative bacteriology of 13 chronic leg ulcers was sequentially assessed by both swab and biopsy culture techniques, and the effect of either a 10% benzoyl peroxide lotion or placebo lotion was evaluated . There was good correlation between the swab and biopsy culture techniques in 12 of the 17 instances where simultaneous swabs and biopsies were done . Though the benzoyl peroxide did not favorably affect the bacterial flora, ulcer healing did appear to correlate with quantitative bacterial counts . THREE of five ulcers containing fewer than 10(5) organisms per gram of tissue or per centimeter of ulcer surface area healed, while none of eight ulcers containing more than 10(5) organisms healed . Quantitative bacteriological measurements can serve as useful tools in evaluating healing of leg ulcers.

Tijdschr Diergeneeskd, 1978 Dec 1, 103(23), 1265 - 9
{Investigations into the incidence of the various causative agents of mastitis in cattle . Studies done in the ambulatory clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht}; Verheijden JH; The clinical and bacteriological findings in every head of cattle treated for clinical mastitis in the Ambulatory Clinic of the Veterinary Faculty of Utrecht University were recorded over a period of twelve months . Cattle affected with mastitis were classified into a number of groups, a classification based on the clinical symptoms shown by the animals . In each of these groups the incidence of the various causative agents of mastitis was determined . Another subject of study was the distribution of the causative agents over the various groups . The high proportion (34 percent) of coliform micro-organisms, isolated from animals affected with acute mastitis and showing symptoms of generalized disease was a striking feature.

J Bacteriol, 1978 Dec, 136(3), 969 - 75
Constancy of growth on simple and complex media; Wang CH et al.; An apparatus has been developed in which bacterial growth can be measured very precisely over short intervals of time . Its precision is presented and used to assess the constancy of growth in batch culture . Under certain conditions, i.e., Luria broth or 0.2% glucose-M9 medium at very low cell densities, the specific growth rate of Escherichia coli appeared to be constant within the measurement limits of the method . In succinate minimal medium, the growth rate increased gradually over several days and never became constant . With nutrient broth and with Luria broth, growth slowed progressively at moderate cell densities within the range considered to be in the logarithmic phase of growth . In addition, temporary slowdown in growth rate occurred in these two complex media at characteristic cell densities . These gradual increases in succinate minimal medium and temporary slowdowns in the complex media would be undetectable without precise measurements and may have been a source of variability in many bacteriological studies.

J Pediatr Surg, 1978 Dec, 13(6D), 563 - 9
Identification, quantification, and significance of bacterial growth within the biliary tract after Kasai's operation; Hitch DC et al.; Cholangitis is a universal complication of successful hepatic portoenterostomy for biliary atresia . In this study 283 bacteriologic cultures were obtained from 19 patients during a 23-mo period . All bilioenteric conduits were colonized with colonic flora by 1 mo after operation . Cholangitis was characterized by fever and a decrease in bilirubin clearance, but not by a change in the number of different types of bacteria nor a change in the total bacteriologic concentration within the conduit . No overall antibiotic effect on the flora could be found . Cholangitis remains a condition that is necessarily treated empirically.

Parazitologiia, 1978 Nov-Dec, 12(6), 539 - 42
{Ectoparasites of small mammals, their nests and of the nests of birds in the floodplain of the Kamchatka River}; Vasil'ev GI et al.; The paper presents data on the specific composition and abundance of bloodsucking arthropods parasitic on small mammals and birds in the valley of the Kamchatka river . One species of ixodids, I . lividus, 9 species of gamasids, P . crassipes, E . kraepelini, G . bispinosus, V . bujakova, H . casalis, H . mandschuricus, M . decoloratus, P . bujakovae, Macroheles sp., and one species of fleas, C . riparius, were first recorded from Kamchatka . 723 rodents were bacteriologically examined for tularemia with negative results.

Ann Intern Med, 1978 Nov, 89(5 Pt 2 Suppl), 757 - 60
Infectious diseases in small hospitals . Prevalence of infections and adequacy of microbiology services; Britt MR; In a 1-day prevalence survey nosocomial infections were found in 7.2% and community acquired infections in 20.4% of 525 patients hospitalized in 18 small hospitals . Pneumonia was the reason for admission in 11% of patients in small hospitals . The patterns of nosocomial infections and antibiotic usage in small hospitals are similar to those found in large hospitals . The adequacy of bacteriologic services was assessed using a process audit technique . The routine approach to common bacteriologic specimens and antibiotic disk susceptibility tests was frequently inadequate . Approaches used in large hospitals for the control of nosocomial infection and the performance of bacteriology tests were not practical for most small hospitals . Specific research into methods for doing clinically adequate bacteriology and approaches for the control of nosocomial infection in the small hospital setting are needed.

Dtsch Zahnarztl Z, 1978 Nov, 33(11), 774 - 6
{Bacteriology of odontogenic abscesses}; Posukidis T et al.; The primary bacteria strains and their sensitivity to antibiotic drugs were examined in 329 patients with extraoral split abscess who were treated on an in-patient basis . Combination therapy using various antibiotics together with gentamycin was recommended . An antibiogram however should be completed if antibiotic therapy is to be purposeful.

Dtsch Zahnarztl Z, 1978 Nov, 33(11), 771 - 3
{Problems of bacteriologic diagnosis and aimed antibiotic therapy in pyogenic maxillofacial infections}; Geiger SA et al.; Bacteriologic analysis of pathogens from pyogenic infections of the jaw in 71 patients revealed that bacteria normally found in the buccal cavity predominated in 86% of the specimens . Considering the fact that no pathogens could be identified in 7% of the specimens, this then means that pathogens were only found in 7% of the specimens . Six to 12 strains were usually isolated in the mixed bacteria population of the buccal cavity . A total of 430 strains of bacteria were cultured and tested for their response to 20 common antibiotic preparations . We were able to confirm the high effectiveness of penicillin and/or broad spectrum penicillin 92% of the cases (8600 determinations of resistance) . Tetracycline was effective in 89% of the cases; trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, in 83% . The effectiveness of newer, more expensive, antibiotic preparations was not significantly better than that of pencillin . Administration of such antibiotic preparations therefore should be limited to problematic pathogens.

Otolaryngology, 1978 Nov-Dec, 86(6 Pt 1), ORL - 858-64
Chronic bacterial tonsillitis: fact or fiction; Sasaki CT et al.; Chronic bacterial tonsillitis can be validly supported etiologically by quantitative bacteriologic methods . The following observations are based on a recognition that the mere presence of bacteria is much less significant than the level of bacteria present . The chronically infected adult patient may be characterized by tonsils subclinically harboring greater than 10(5) bacteria/gm as opposed to the control patient with 10(3) bacteria/gm . Useful features in predicting high bacterial levels are (1) low number of crypts, (2) presence of nodal hypertrophy, and (3) tonsils small by actual size . Estimated tonsil size, determined preoperatively, shows no statistically significant correlation with either actual size or degree of tonsil sepsis.

Zentralbl Bakteriol {Orig A}, 1978 Nov, 242(2), 239 - 44
Computer survey of antibiotic resistance--developments during 1973 to 1977; Grunt J et al.; Results of antibiotic resistance of strains belonging to 9 species of so-called Problem bacteria, recorded by 10 District Public Health Laboratories in Slovakia during 6 months of 1977 (altogether 32641 strains) have been compared with results, obtained with identical computer-assisted system in 1973 . The position of "Reserve antibiotics" (gentamicin, colistin, cotrimoxazole, oxacillin, lincomycin, spiramycin) remained favourable during precedent 4 years and even improved (with exception of gentamicin in P . aeruginosa) . In classical antibiotics a typical steady-state situation was establishedin that period . Beta-lactam antibiotics in general deteriorated in gramnegatives, with certain improvements in special cases . In "specific pathogens", i.e . enteropathogenic strains of E . coli and in strains of P . aeruginosa, resistance to antibiotics generally increased . On the other hand, in S . aureus strains a better susceptibility to almost all antibiotics could be recorded . Surgical services still seem to use the bacteriological services infrequently and this should improve on an all-nation basis.

J Clin Microbiol, 1978 Nov, 8(5), 512 - 5
Utilization of a specific in vitro lymphocyte immunostimulation assay as an aid in detection of brucella-infected cattle not detected by serological tests; Kaneene JM et al.; Studies using the in vitro lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) were conducted with cattle in a dairy herd with a high percentage of reactors to several serological tests for brucellosis . Lymphocytes were prepared from peripheral bovine blood by the Ficoll-diatrizoate technique . Lymphocytes were cultured using microtitration culture plates . Brucella abortus soluble antigen, at a concentration of 4.4 microgram/culture, was added to the appropriate wells of microtitration culture plates and incubated for 6 days . The lymphocyte stimulation responses were measured by assaying for {3H}thymidine incorporation into DNA . Seroagglutination tests were conducted simultaneously with the LST, and tissues were collected after slaughter of the cattle for bacteriological culture to isolate B . abortus . All 21 animals studied were serologically negative for anti-brucella antibodies . Two of the 21 animals were classified as infected with Brucella by the LST, and B . abortus biotype 1 was isolated from tissues of these same two animals . The LST exhibited significant sensitivity and specificity in this study, and more observations of this nature might strengthen the application of this assay as an aid in the diagnosis of brucellosis.

South Med J, 1978 Nov, 71(11), 1401 - 5
Characteristics of hospitalized tuberculous patients today; Davis HL et al.; The characteristics of 149 patients with tuberculosis consecutively discharged from the Tuberculosis Service of the University of Tennessee Hospital in 1975 and 1976 were evaluated . The results of this study indicate the presence in this group of advanced age, alcohol abuse, debility from multiple chronic diseases, drug resistance, and recalcitrance . Despite the unfavorable circumstances surrounding these patients, 118 patients showed bacteriologic and/or roentgenographic evidence of improvement during an average of two to four months of hospitalization . We are not advocating the reversal of the present trend toward brief hospitalization and ambulatory care for the majority of tuberculous patients . However, as a result of this study, we believe hard-core patients of the type described in this paper require significant hospitalization for proper management.

MMW Munch Med Wochenschr, 1978 Oct 6, 120(40), 1305 - 8
{The diagnostic value of ejaculate cultures in acute unspecific epidiymitis (author's transl)}; Przybilla B et al.; Bacteriological cultures of the ejaculates of 28 patients with acute unspecific epididymitis yielded in 6 cases growth of organisms which were considered to be the cause of the disease . Tests with conventional clinical antibiotics showed organism resistance in half of these cases . Because of possible contamination of the ejaculate with organisms in the urethra and in the preputial area, the results of bacteriological cultures of the ejaculate must be evaluated critically . But a bacteriological ejaculate culture should be carried out in all cases of acute epididymitis at the first consultation so that the antibiotic treatment can be begun immediately afterwards with a tetracycline preparation . If the cultures prove to be tetracycline resistant an appropriate antibiotic can then be substituted.

Z Gesamte Inn Med, 1978 Oct 1, 33(19), 726 - 31
{The current state of cutaneous tuberculosis}; Hentschel U et al.; Thirty-three years after the introduction of the chemotherapeutics and as result of massive prophylactic and preventive measures the tuberculosis of the skin shows a clear epidemiologic and clinical change . Nowadays the clinical picture of the tuberculosis of the skin restricts essentially to the classical forms of the lupous, verrucous and colliquative tubervulosis of the skin, the specific etiology and pathogenesis of which are ascertained . The so-called tuberculids should at present only be treated in a qualified sense in the chapter of tuberculosis of the skin . After a short description of the diagnostic possibilities and after a historical survey on former measures of treatment the present GDR standard in therapy is explained . The qualification for carrying on the isonicotinic acid hydrazide monotherapy in the tuberculosis cutis luposa and verrucosa is proved on the basis of bacteriological, pathologo-anatomical and clinical peculiarities of these forms of tuberculosis of the skin.

Z Gesamte Inn Med, 1978 Oct 1, 33(19), 701 - 11
{Female genital tuberculosis}; Renziehausen K et al.; As one of the forms of extrapulmonary tuberculoses the genital tuberculosis of the woman is--despite regressing numbers of morbidity and mortality--a disease still existing, which is to be found at every age . The own results of examinations and experiences which could be obtained from 140 female patients with bacteriologically and histologically ascertained diagnosis are included into the actual survey of the clinic of the genital tuberculosis from the gynaecologists and obstetrician's point of view . These results, too, emphasize the necessity of a complex diagnosis, therapy and aftercare of the female genital tuberculosis, which together with the vast prophylactic tasks may only be coped with by a rational cooperation in the interdisciplinary scale.

J Infect Dis, 1978 Oct, 138(4), 520 - 30
Duration of hospitalization for acute bacterial empyema at Boston City Hospital during 12 selected years from 1935 to 1972; Finland M et al.; The duration of hospitalization for acute bacterial empyema of the pleura was determined for all cases at Boston City Hospital during 12 selected years between 1935 and 1972 . Patients whose infection was acquired after admission stayed in the hospital longer than those in whom the empyema, or the infection of which the empyema was a complication, was present at the time of admission . The differences were mostly related to serious underlying disease in the hospital-acquired cases . However, the duration of hospitalization after the empyema was bacteriologically confirmed was not much different in the community-acquired and hospital-acquired cases . Hospital stay was further prolonged in patients whose empyema was superinfected with new bacterial species after the original infecting organisms were determined . Hospitalization was shorter in the 10 selected years between 1974 and 1972, when penicillin and other active antibiotics were used, than in two years before penicillin became available, 1935 and 1941.

Z Gesamte Inn Med, 1978 Oct 1, 33(19), 723 - 5
{The abdominal tuberculoses}; Vieritz HD; In a report on the extrapulmonary tuberculosis the abdominal forms are once more emphasized and analysed on the basis of a number of patients . There are no more any actual references to this picture of a disease in the modern general situation of tuberculosis, as by abolition of the bovine tuberculosis the prerequisites could be removed . There is no decisive symptomatology which leads to an abdominal tuberculosis . With the help of 89 clinically treated cases certain problems could be elaborated with regard to the diagnostics and therapy . The inclination to recidivation is not unconsiderable (8.9%), which is due to a disappointing bacteriological diagnostics and the false chemotherapeutic treatments resulting from this . With 34 cases in the GDR in 1976 this tuberculous disease is at present scarcely still of any significance . It must also in future be reckoned with sporadic new diseases which appear due to an intermittent lympho-haematogenic dissemination from tuberculous lung, pleura or lymph node processes and which may be treated with success by a modern multiple chemotherapy in a tuberculosis institution . The severe courses accompanied by complications which gave rise to surgical emergency measures might finally belong to the past.

Z Gesamte Inn Med, 1978 Oct 1, 33(19), 711 - 7
{Lymph node tuberculosis--today}; Lang W; The peripheral tuberculosis of the lymph nodes on the neck, in the axilla and on the groin is described in its present epidemiological situation, its pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy . Nowadays the tuberculosis of the lymph nodes most frequently occurs at older age and in women . In most cases the M . tuberculosis is the causative organism . The differential diagnosis must take into consideration many possibilities and sources of error--also for the following therapy and expert opinion--, in most cases it demands a histological and bacteriological examination of the exstirpated lymph nodes . This is at the same time the first step to therapy which consists in the removal of all enlarged lymph nodes in the area of the disease and in a 2-phase-chemotherapy for the duration of one year.

Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1978 Oct, (10), 114 - 20
{Teaching of microbiology at medical institutes (on the results of the XVI All-Union Congress of Microbiologists and Epidemiologists)}; Kochemasova ZN; Data on teaching microbiology, virology, and immunology to students of the 2nd and 3rd course of medical institute are presented . A number of recommendations of the improvement of bacteriology and virology teaching at the sanitary-hygienic faculties are given; in particular it is suggested to introduce into the teaching plan for students of the 6th course of sanitary-hygienic faculties specialization on medical microbiology and virology . For the general view on virology the author considers it necessary to begin study of the viruses by delivery of individual lectures in the general course of microbiology during the 4th semester; it is recommended to present the main virology course during the 5th semester.

Br Med J, 1978 Sep 16, 2(6140), 794 - 6
Human milk bank in a district general hospital; McEnery G et al.; A human milk bank was organised in the special care baby unit of a district general hospital . The staff of the unit and members of a voluntary organisation helped to contact donors and arrange collection of milk samples . Over two years 2093 samples of expressed breast milk were collected from 187 donors and examined bacteriologically . Of these samples, 1171 (56%) grew no bacteria . If the organism count exceeded 2.5 X 10(6)/1 but was less than 1 X 10(9)/1 samples were subjected to mild heat treatment . If the count exceeded 1 X 10(9)/1 the milk was not fed to babies . Sixty-five babies received milk from the bank during the second year . Although these infants were vulnerable, mortality and morbidity were not adversely affected by the banked milk they received . The cost of establishing and running a human milk bank need not be high . Extensive resources such as extra staff and laboratory and transport facilities were not needed . Enthusiastic co-operation and good will between hospital staff, voluntary helpers, and donors contributed greatly to the success of the scheme.

Spine, 1978 Sep, 3(3), 194 - 201
Metastatic disc infection and osteomyelitis of the cervical spine . Surgical treatment; Cloward RB; Two cases of vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis in the cervical spine are presented, both having arisen from hematogenous spread to the spine . Bacteriologic diagnosis was established in 1 patient, but the infection had subsided in the other . Both patients were treated with anterior debridement and fusion, and a supplemental posterior wiring and fusion was performed in the second case to reduce kyphotic angulation . In the second case, both the anterior and posterior surgery were performed while the patient was under the same anesthetic . Satisfactory results were achieved in both cases.

Gastroenterology, 1978 Sep, 75(3), 368 - 72
Cell wall-defective variants of pseudomonas-like (group Va) bacteria in Crohn's disease; Parent K et al.; Several animal transmission studies have indicated that Crohn's disease may be caused by a filterable agent . Filtrates of homogenized tissues were prepared from 8 patients with Crohn's disease, 9 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis, and 20 control patients without inflammatory bowel disease . Conventional bacteriological cultures and hypertonic cultures for cell wall-defective bacterial variants were performed on the filtrates . Bacterial revertants (parent forms) of cell wall-defective variants were obtained from filtrates of various tissues including mesenteric lymph nodes of all patients with Crohn's disease . In no instance were revertants cultured from tissue filtrates of the other patients . The 11 revertants isolated from the 8 patients were identified as Pseudomonas-like bacteria, most closely identifiable with group Va.

Angiology, 1978 Sep, 29(9), 641 - 53
Bacterial studies of leg ulcers; Dagher FJ et al.; --Bacteriologic studies of 30 chronic leg ulcers were studied in 18 adult patients before and after treatment with a local cleansing agent, Debrisan.--Results show that all ulcers, whether clinically inflamed or not, are secondarily infected.--The majority of ulcers grew more than 1 type of organism, up to 6 different types in 1 single ulcer.--The use of Debrisan reduces the types of organisms and colony counts in ulcers, allowing healthy granulation and epithelialization to proceed normally.--Control of infection reduces surrounding local edema and erythema.--By reducing types of organisms and colony counts in chronic leg ulcers successful skin grafting was readily achieved.

Rofo, 1978 Sep, 129(3), 335 - 9
{The radiological findings in septic Candida arthritis (author's transl)}; Reiser M et al.; There are very few reports of bacteriologically proven Candida arthritis . With the increasing number of cases of immune deficient infants being treated now, one must expect an increase in frequency of fungus infections, including Candida arthritis . We have observed three cases of fungus arthritis in infants with reduced resistance . The radiological changes were indistinguishable from bacterial arthritides . During the acute phase the accumulation of pus and exudate showed widening of the joint space on the radiograph, with increase of the peri-articular soft tissues . In two patients a central bone abscess was seen in the metaphysis which later showed a sclerotic margin . In one patient with a gonarthritis there was complete healing, but in two fungus infections of the hip there was persistent late demage . One patient developed a deformed hip joint with subluxation, which had to be treated surgically after ineffective medical treatment . In the other case there was considerable flattening of the femoral head.

Prensa Med Mex, 1978 Sep-Oct, 43(9-10), 282 - 6
{Spontaneous pneumothorax associated to active pulmonary tuberculosis}; Diaz Rojas F et al.; This paper reviewed 8 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax, associated to pulmonary tuberculosis during a period of time of two years at the A.L.M . General Hospital of Toluca, Mex . The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical picture, radiology and bacteriology studies . Six males and two females proceding of the low class; farmers all of them . Their age ranged between 18 and 35 years . Two of the patients showed cavitary lesions, five had difusse fibrosis of the lung . We analized the clinical manifestations and reviewed the pathogenic mechanisms as well the medical and surgical treatment . No deaths ocurred en this series . We concluded that the direct relation between active pulmonary tuberculosis and spontaneous pneumothorax is not clear, but their association in this serie suggested further studies to stablished this . We emphasized the importance of this complication rare in the world literature.

Afr J Med Med Sci, 1978 Sep, 7(3), 175 - 81
Daily short course (6 months) chemotherapy for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigerians: a preliminary report; Onadeko BO et al.; A trial of daily short courses (6 months) chemotherapy of previously untreated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigerians was carried out, using two regimens containing rifampicin . All patients had sputum conversion at 3 months, with over 90% of them being sputum-negative at 2 months . There was evidence of radiographic clearance in all the patients at 6 months . It is suggested that patients who still had extensive radiographic lesions at 6 months, though bacteriologically sterile, should have their chemotherapy extended to 9 months to reduce the chance of developing a bacteriological relapse . It was observed that the addition of streptomycin did not make any important contribution to the therapeutic success of rifampicin-isoniazid regimen . No bacteriological relapse was encountered 3 months after the cessation of chemotherapy . Rifampicin was well tolerated and toxic reactions were virtually non-existent . This study confirms the efficacy of short course regimens containing rifampicin . The regimen is advocated, especially in areas where patients' co-operation at taking the 18 month standard treatment cannot be guaranteed.

Tubercle, 1978 Sep, 59(3), 155 - 77
Tuberculosis in Kenya: a second national sampling survey of drug resistance and other factors, and a comparison with the prevalence data from the first national sampling survey . An East African and British Medical Research Council Co-operative Investigation; Bacteriologic cure of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis; Two long-term therapy trials with high concentrations of antibiotic were carried out to determine the duration of therapy required to achieve bacteriologic cure of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in guinea pigs . In the first study, corneas still contained Pseudomonas after 4 days of continual topical therapy with either tobramycin 400 mg/ml, amikacin 250 mg/ml, ticarcillin 400 mg/ml, or carbenicillin 400 mg/ml . In an 11-day trial of topical therapy with tobramycin 20 mg/ml, 34 of 36 corneas grew no Pseudomonas after 6 or more days of therapy . The bacteriologic response to therapy in this model occurred in two phases . About 99.9% or more of the organisms in the cornea were killed in the first 24 hr of therapy . The numbers of bacteria remaining in the cornea declined gradually over the next several days until the corneas were sterile . Optimal antibiotic therapy may include two stages: initial intensive therapy with high concentrations of antibiotic applied frequently to achieve a large rapid decrease in numbers of organisms in the cornea, followed by prolonged, less intensive therapy to eradicate organisms and prevent relapse.

J Clin Microbiol, 1978 Sep, 8(3), 320 - 5
Primary isolation media for Legionnaires disease bacterium; Feeley JC et al.; Yolk sac suspensions infected with the Legionnaires disease bacterium (LDB) were plated onto 17 different bacteriological agar media . The LDB grew only on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 1% Iso Vitale X and 1% hemoglobin (MH-IH) . This medium was subsequently analyzed to determine the components required to support growth of the LDB . L-Cysteine hydrochloride can replace the Iso Vitale X reagent, and soluble ferric pyrophosphate can replace hemoglobin . A new medium, F-G agar, was formulated incorporating these chemicals . Different cultures conditions (oxygen tension, temperature, and pH) were also evaluated . The LDB grew optimally at 35 degrees C under 2.5% CO2 on the F-G agar adjusted to pH 6.9 . When infected tissues were inoculated onto both F-G agar and MH-IH, the F-G agar produced colonies of the LDB more rapidly and in greater numbers than did MH-IH.

Zentralbl Bakteriol {B}, 1978 Aug, 167(1-2), 11 - 21
{Hygienic and bacteriological comparative studies in 50 hospitals . V . Bacterial contamination of hospital surfaces (author's transl)}; Pfeiffer EH et al.; Environmental examination were carried out in 50 hospitals using "rodac-plates" (size: 21 cm2) for 7971 samples, to acquire a semiquantitative assessment of microbial contamination of surfaces . Up to 20 percent of the impression cultures showed uncountable numbers of colonies (more than 300/21 cm2) . Therefore statements on the microbial content were not to be based on mean values alone . The actual state of surface contamination was assessed by the mean value of all plates with colony counts below 300 and by the median value . Additionally numbers of samples with colony counts below 10 and more than 300 were recorded . The mean value of all samples with less than 300 colonies/21 cm2 was 58 . 21% had less than 10, 23% more than 300 colonies . In operating suites, delivery rooms, and premature wards the mean value was 30 colonies/21 cm2 . Surfaces with less than 10 colonies amounted to 30 percent, with more than 300 to 5 percent . Samples from intensive-care units, from new-born-, and childrens wards had mean values of 50 colonies/21 cm2 . Percentages of plates below 10 and above 300 colonies differed too much to be grouped . Surgical, internal, and gynaecological wards showed mean values of more than 60 colonies/21 cm2 . 15 percent of plates had less than 10 colonies, 10 percent more than 300 . Differentiations as to specifications of rooms and surfaces in regard to bacterial contamination have been made.

J Otolaryngol, 1978 Aug, 7(4), 289 - 96
Sinogenic and otogenic brain abscesses--a review of 63 cases occurring at Toronto General Hospital, 1956-75; Snell GE; Sixty-three cases of brain abscess resulting from ear and paranasal sinus infections were reviewed . These patients were seen at the Toronto General Hospital from 1956-1965 and from 1969-1975 . Comparisons are made relating to site, age and sex incidence, mortality rates, bacteriology, and rate of associated meningitis . Modern diagnostic methods are reviewed with particular emphasis on the use of the C.T . scanner.

Zentralbl Bakteriol {B}, 1978 Aug, 167(1-2), 146 - 64
{Comparison of methods for the quantitative detection of moulds in foods . III . Comparison of different culture media for the mould plate count (author's transl)}; Blaser P; The mould plate count and taxonomical grouping of the mould flora of 9 moulded non-fluid foods were compared on totally 12 different media, which are commonly used for the detection of moulds.--In contrary to the bacteriological practice, moulds should only be counted on plates with 20-50 colonies, as on plates covered densely with a mixed mould flora, simple colonies are often no more detectable . Mould plate counts of all tested products were in the same range on all media with a sugar content of 1-2% (dextrose, maltose) . With fruits and vegetables, less colonies were isolated on the Sugar Free Agar, Yeast Extract Agar and Aspergillus Differential Medium than on the other media . On those three media and on Plate Count Agar sporulation of many fungi was rather inhibited . On Aspergillus Differential Medium, on which Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus can be differentiated, no false positive colonies were to be seen.--On Malt Extract Agar with 7.5% NaCl the hydrophilic species were supressed, the xerophilic fungi were represented in greater number . The addition of 200 ppm rose bengal inhibited the growth of many fungi, but brought no rising of the colony count compared to Malt Extract Agar without rose bengal.--For the quantitive and qualitative mould plate count, Malt Extract Agar with 50 ppm Chloramphenicol and Chlortetracycline is recommended . For the detection of xerophilic moulds 7.5% NaCl should be added to that medium.--A proposition for the proceeding for the detection of moulds in foods is given.

Br J Surg, 1978 Aug, 65(8), 551 - 4
Prediction of wound sepsis following gastric operations; Gatehouse D et al.; Gastric aspirates were obtained from 12 healthy volunteers, 49 patients with duodenal ulcer, 14 with gastric ulcer and 35 with gastric carcinoma . The mean total viable bacterial counts in these groups were as follows: volunteers 0, duodenal ulcer 3.8 X 10(1), gastric ulcer 6.95 X 10(4), carcinoma 1.9 X 10(7) organisms/ml . The incidence of wound sepsis in patients without antibiotic cover was; duodenal ulcer 17 per cent, gastric ulcer 38 per cent, carcinoma 56 per cent . Regardless of the underlying pathology, patients with counts greater than 5 X 10(6) organisms/ml in the gastric aspirate had a 93 per cent incidence of wound sepsis, compared with 16 per cent in patients with counts of less than 5 X 10(6) organisms/ml (P less than 0.001) . In the group with high counts all except one of the wound infections were caused by organisms present in the stomach at the time of operation . There was a good correlation in the bacteriology of apirates obtained during preoperative endoscopy compared with operative nasogastric samples (n = 31) both for viable counts (r = 0.93) and for the counts of individual organisms . Therefore, preoperative endoscopy can be used to identify patients who are at risk of developing wound sepsis after gastric surgery.

Chir Pediatr, 1978 Jul-Aug, 19(4), 247 - 55
{Liver inflammatory lesions masquerading tumors (author's transl)}; Bienayme J et al.; The Authors report three unpublished cases of tumoral abscess of the liver in infants and children . Two different situations are considered:--clinical findings, laboratory tests and intraoperative examination can be more in favor of a tumor at times . Means of avoiding needless excisions are outlined.--two uncommon types of abscess are considered . One type has an areolar structure whereas the other is in fact inflammatory tumoral fibrosis . This abscess is a true tumor and must be treated accordingly . Pathological studies, etiology, bacteriology and clinical aspects of such abscess of the liver are reviewed.

Res Vet Sci, 1978 Jul, 25(1), 51 - 7
Vaccination against canine bordetellosis using an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant vaccine; McCandlish IA et al.; Six collie dogs, eight weeks old, were inoculated intramuscularly with an aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted preparation of killed Bordetella bronchiseptica; the inoculation was repeated after two weeks . Two weeks after the second inoculation, the vaccinated dogs and a comparable group of six unvaccinated animals were challenged by exposure to an aerosol of pathogenic B bronchiseptica . All six unvaccinated control dogs developed respiratory disease characterised by persistent coughing . In contrast, four of the vaccinated dogs remained free from clinical respiratory disease while, in the other two dogs, disease was less severe and of shorter duration than in controls . At necropsy, there were only slight changes in the lungs of vaccinated dogs but in controls there was a severe tracheobronchitis with areas of exudative pneumonia . Bacteriological examination showed a marked reduction in the numbers of B bronchiseptica isolated from the respiratory tract of vaccinated animals compared with controls . An aluminium hydroxide adjuvant vaccine may be of value in controlling naturally occurring respiratory disease in dogs in which B bronchiseptica is involved.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1978 Jul, 31(7), 395 - 400
{Clinical studies of PC 904 in pediatrics (author's transl)}; Kawamura M et al.; PC-904 was administered to 3 pediatric patients with serious infections resistant clinically to other antibiotics (2 cases of sepsis and 1 case of pseudomonal pneumonia) . Daily dosage was 100 approximately 150 mg/kg and intravenous infusions were carried out in 2 or 3 divided doses . This drug showed clinically and bacteriologically good response in these patients without any side effect, and was considered to be a useful drug or worthwhile to use in the treatment of the serious infectious diseases such as sepsis or pseudomonal infections.

Equine Vet J, 1978 Jul, 10(3), 153 - 9
The experimental infection of ponies with contagious equine metritis; Platt H et al.; Four pony mares were readily infected with the organism of contagious equine metritis by intracervical inoculation and one by coitus with an infected stallion . Infected mares developed an acute endometritis with local destruction of the endometrial epithelium . In 2 experimentally infected mares, infection appeared to have been spontaneously eliminated from the genital tract within 3 to 4 weeks . A third mare however remained persistently infected in the clitoral fossa over a long period and was a symptomless carrier . Four pony stallions were readily infected in the urethral fossa and the organism survived for varying periods without giving rise to any signs of infection . From 2 of these animals it appeared eventually to have been eliminated spontaneously . An experimentally infected stallion transmitted infection to a healthy mare by coitus . Bacteriological examination of infected pony stallions may occassionally give false negative results and fail to reveal the organism in the external genitalia . Repeated bacteriological examinations need to be undertaken before it can be concluded that a stallion is free of infection.

Med J Aust, 1978 Jul 1, 2(1), 37 - 8
Intravenous co-trimoxazole therapy in serious infections; Stratford BC et al.; The intravenous therapy with co-trimoxazole was used to control serious sepsis in 15 patients in the intensive care unit of a large metropolitan hospital . Co-trimoxazole was found to be a safe, effective, and eminently satisfactory alternative to the present vogue treatments of serious, bacteriologically undiagnosed infections.

J Biomed Mater Res, 1978 Jul, 12(4), 557 - 70
Experimental infections along subcutaneous conduits; Myojin K et al.; To determine whether progressive infection along percutaneous conduits (PC) usually leads to infection of cardiac assist devices, two PCs each were implanted into the subcutis of 11 dogs . One month later, one end of one conduit was inoculated with either E . coli or S . aureus . The resulting infections in all dogs progressed little during the first two weeks and in 10 of the 11 animals involved less than 40% of the total length of the PC . Bacteriological tests one month after the infecting organisms were introduced showed that they were no longer present at the site of inoculation in 4 of the 11 dogs and no bacteria were found at the opposite end of the inoculated PCs or in the noninoculated PCs . Histological observations confirmed these results and indicated that in all animals encapsulation of the infected area prevented its further enlargement.

HNO, 1978 Jul, 26(7), 247 - 8
{Laryngeal and pharyngeal endoscopy and the disinfection of the endoscope in routine practice (author's transl)}; Jungmayr H; The usefulness in routine ENT practice of a laryngo-epipharyngoscope with a Hopkins lateral telescope is reported . The chemical disinfection of this endoscope is bacteriologically proven to be effective, and is discussed.

J Dermatol Surg Oncol, 1978 Jul, 4(7), 519 - 23
Postsurgical, chronic, nonprogressive, cutaneous ulcers: a possible variant of pyoderma gangrenosum associated with diabetes mellitus; Lim HW et al.; Two patients developed persistent ulcers on the trunk after cutaneous surgery . Both had "chemical" diabetes mellitus . Bacteriologic and histopathologic studies of the ulcers were not revealing of cause . The characteristics of the ulcers are described, and are contrasted with typical lesions of pyoderma gangrenosum and Meleney's postoperative progressive synergistic bacterial gangrene . We believe these patients had variant lesions of pyoderma gangrenosum.

J Clin Pathol, 1978 Jul, 31(7), 673 - 80
A computer-assisted bacteriology reporting and information system; Mitchison DA et al.; A computer system for reporting and recording all specimens processed by the routine bacteriology laboratory at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School is described . Features of interest are the method of input using a mixture of 3-character alphanumeric codes and numbers, cumulative reporting to the wards, and selective listing of relevant previous results for the patient, which is available to technical and supervisory staff during processing of the specimen . The relative value to the wards and the laboratory of each type of information transfer has been assessed . Overall the use of a computer has resulted in higher quality bench work and more accurate reporting . It seems little more expensive than a previous manual system, although it has transferred work from the technical to the clerical staff.

Chest, 1978 Jul, 74(1), 19 - 23
Follow-up of patients with tuberculosis treated in a general hospital program . Treatment largely as outpatients by community physicians; Dutt AK et al.; As of December 1975, there had been 5 to 8 1/2 years of observation on 263 patients with bacteriologically proven tuberculosis who were initially admitted to a general hospital and were treated largely as outpatients by community physicians from July 1967 through December 1970 . Ten patients died during hospitalization, and 253 were released to therapy as outpatients . Although smears or cultures of sputum remained positive at discharge in 136 (54 percent) of the 253 patients, no new infections were subsequently detected among their contacts . During initial therapy, 24 patients died of causes other than tuberculosis . Of the remaining 229 patients, the original 18-month treatment was successful in 197 (86 percent) . The treatment failed initially in 11 patients, eight of whom represented relapses from previous therapy . During long-term follow-up of the 229 patients, there were only six relapses (3 percent) after the initial success . An overall rate of successful treatment of 92 percent (211/229) was achieved in the program, with 18 failures of treatment (8 percent); ie, 11 patients were lost to supervision, four died of tuberculosis, and in three, treatment was never successful.

Equine Vet J, 1978 Jul, 10(3), 171 - 3
Plasma concentrations of sodium benzylpenicillin after intrauterine infusion in pony mares; Allen WE; Plasma concentrations of sodium benzylpenicillin were measured following intrauterine infusion at a dose rate of 22,000 u/kg (250,000 u/ml) . The reproductive status of the mare at the time of infusion did not appear to influence plasma concentrations of penicillin, but preswabbing the endometrium for bacteriological culture resulted in peak plasma concentrations which were nearly twice those found in unswabbed mares.

Equine Vet J, 1978 Jul, 10(3), 167 - 70
The technique and clinical application of endometrial cytology in mares; Digby NJ; Experimental studies of endometrial smears from 26 normal mares showed that after a period of sexual rest exceeding 7 days smears were generally free from inflammatory cells . Smears from 9 mares showing signs of persistent endometritis contained inflammatory cells in 91 per cent while bacterial culture was positive in only 45 per cent . Smears were also taken from 242 Thoroughbred mares as a routine procedure in 1977 . It was concluded that endometrial cytology provides a better guide to uterine inflammation than bacteriology . The routine clinical use of endometrial cytology is recommended to aid the interpretation of both positive and negative bacterial cultures from the cervix.

Lepr India, 1978 Jul, 50(3), 363 - 70
Introductory rifampicin therapy in lepromatous leprosy: a six month follow-up study; Girdhar BK et al.; A double-blind comparative trial of 300 mg of Rifampicin given daily as against 50 mg D.D.S . administered likewise for an initial period of 3 months has been undertaken on 24 untreated cases of lepromatous leprosy . All the patients have been followed up for 6 months . The results revealed that patients in the former group became non-infective, as concluded from M.I . and mouse foot-pad results, within 3-4 weeks and their nasal ulcers healed faster . Clinical improvement was slightly better in the former group while no bacteriological differences were noticed in the two groups . E.N.L . was milder and slightly less common in the Rifampicin group.

Am J Vet Res, 1978 Jul, 39(7), 1233 - 4
Mycobacteria isolated from nasal secretions of tuberculin test reactor cattle; de Kantor IN et al.; Nasal secretions of 103 Holstein cows from a tuberculosis-infected herd in Argentina were bacteriologically cultured for mycobacteria . Mycobacterium bovis was isolated in 8.7% of the cultures . This method was useful for the detection of active tuberculosis with open lesions . Other mycobacteria, most of which grew rapidly on culture media, were isolated in 32% of the cultures and were of little importance as sensitizing agents to mammalian tuberculin in experimental studies in guinea pigs.

Rev Ig Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol Pneumoftiziol Pneumoftiziol, 1978 Jul-Sep, 27(3), 177 - 84
{Studies of resumption of treatment with rifampin and ethambutol in patients with recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis}; Jozefovics F et al.; The immediate and the late results are analyzed, of resumption of treatment with RMP and EMB in 50 patients with relapsing pulmonary tuberculosis that had not been treated with these drugs previously . After the first year of treatment negativation of the sputum by microscopy and culture was obtained in 45 of the patients, while 5 remained still positive . In the following two years 7 of the negative patients became positive again and finally 8 were solved completely and 4 became chronically ill . The most important of the unfavourable factors were simultaneous radiological and bacteriological relapses and chronic alcoholism . There was no primary or secondary resistance against the drugs used in the treatment . Intolerance to the drugs, although frequent, did not significantly affect the course of the treatment, especially because it occurred only at a later time.

Rev Ig Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol Pneumoftiziol Pneumoftiziol, 1978 Jul-Sep, 27(3), 161 - 8
{Clinical studies of the role of the fluorescent circulating antibody test in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis}; Albu I et al.; The value was studied, of the test of circulating fluorescent antibodies against M . tuberculosis in establishing the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in 610 patients classified in 4 groups: 1 . active tuberculosis bacteriologically confirmed; 2 . active tuberculosis with negative bacteriological examination, but confirmed by other methods of criteria; 3 . stabilized tuberculosis; 4 . non-tuberculous affections . The specificity of the test in active tuberculosis was of 80% in adults and of 91,5% in children . The test was negative in 80,3% of stabilized tuberculosis cases and in 69% of non-tuberculous affections . The sensitivity was lower in active tuberculosis with positive bacilloscopy (67%) against active tuberculosis with negative bacilloscopy (90,6%), a fact explained by a high consumption of anti-bacillary antibodies, demonstrated by positivation of the test when bacilloscopy becomes negative . The use of the test is indicated in establishing a therapeutic test, and in the context of clinical and radiologic explorations, as well as in the expertising of working capacities of previous tuberculosis patients.

JAMA, 1978 Jun 30, 239(26), 2772 - 5
Diagnostic value of sinus-tract cultures in chronic osteomyelitis; Mackowiak PA et al.; Sinus-tract cultures were compared with cultures of operative specimens from 40 patients with chronic osteomyelitis . Thirty-five patients (87.5%) had a single pathogen isolated from their operative specimens . Only 44% of the sinus-tract cultures contained the operative pathogen . Isolation of Staphyloccus aureus from sinus tracts correlated with the presence of S aureus in the operative specimen . However, less than half of the sinus-tract cultures obtained from patients with S aureus osteomyelitis contained this organism . Isolation of bacteria other than S aureus from sinus tracts had a low likelihood of predicting the pathogen isolated from bone . A presumptive diagnosis of S aureus osteomyelitis is justified if S aureus is isolated from an associated sinus tract . A bacteriologic diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis based on isolation of common pathogens other than S aureus from sinus tracts must be verified by an appropriate operative culture.

Fortschr Med, 1978 Jun 8, 96(22), 1185 - 92
{Replacement of the choledochus with autologous vascularized gallbladder}; Prokscha GW; Multiple experiments to replace the extrahepatic bile duct by autologous or homologous and alloplasty failed until now . The possibility to employ autologous gall bladder as replacement for the common bile duct has been examined in animal experiments . With the supposition of primary vascularization and the adaptation of the luminal proportion of the transplant to the common bile duct, it could be demonstrated that a flapped, tubular gall bladder interposition kept its epithelium and, by this way, showed no shrinkage or stenosis . The functionaal performance of this method has been confirmed by clinical, laboratory, radiological, and bacteriological, as well as micro- and macropathological experiments.

Prakt Anaesth, 1978 Jun, 13(3), 191 - 6
{Haemodialysis in acute renal failure; technique and surveillance (author's transl)}; Kohler R et al.; Access to the blood stream for haemodialysis is generally via an arterio-venous shunt . Experience has shown that the introduction of two Shaldon catheters (with a modified Seldinger technique) into the upper caval system does not require special surgical knowledge and shortens and simplifies the preparations for haemodialysis in acute renal failure . As the catheters can easily be changed over guide wires, correction of obstructions and bacteriological examinations of the catheter tips do not present a problem . There were no complications . With this simplified access the acute stage of renal failure can be bridged for up to 6--8 weeks . The diameter of the catheters ensures an adequate flow of 150--200 ml/min . In vitro tests with a modified catheter (not yet available commercially) established 1 . that the flow rate could be increased by 45 percent without altering the pressure of the return flow, and 2 . that its use did not increase the rate of haemolysis . Incorrect placing of the catheters--the venous limb should be higher, i.e . nearer the heart, than the "arterial" catheter--may raise the re-circulating fraction by 6--18 percent . Since heparinization is necessary for haemodialysis but carries the grave risk of haemorrhages, espeically in the patients of an intensive care unit, it is essential to provide the means for estimating partial thromboplastin time at the bed side . This allows the heparin doses to be sufficiently reduced to obviate haemorrhage during and after haemodialysis.

Contraception, 1978 Jun, 17(6), 513 - 21
Bacteriologic culture results obtained before and after elective midtrimester urea abortion; Burkman RT et al.; Twenty patients undergoing elective midtrimester abortion by urea amnioinfusion had bacteriologic culture data obtained before and after the procedure . Despite the presence of pathogens in the vagina and cervix prior to the procedure, only 20% of patients exhibited endometrial growth following abortion . Factors that seem to favor such endometrial growth include increased injection-abortion intervals and the requirement for curettage to manage incomplete abortion.

J Pediatr, 1978 Jun, 92(6), 884 - 8
Demographic factors in the epidemiology of hemophilus influenzae meningitis in young children; Tarr PI et al.; To determine the effect of various demographic factors on the incidence of Hemophilus influenzae, type b meningitis, Rhode Island residents with H . influenzae in 1970-1974 were identified by review of data from the State Department of Health, a private health care research organization, death certificates, and hospital bacteriology laboratories . Of the 108 cases of H . influenzae, 99 (92%) occurred in children under five years of age . The disease incidence among black children under five (103.6/100,000/annum) was significantly (P less than 0.0005) higher than that among white children (23.9/100,000/annum) . By eliminating the 29 of 185 census tracts in which the total population was greater than 5% black, disease incidence was studied in a virtually monoracial population . In these white census tracts, in which the population was 99.2% white, the occurrence of H . influenzae was not related to family income, education, number of household members, population density, or rate of hospitalization . These findings confirm the increased incidence of H . influenzae in blacks and indicate that socioeconomic factors do not affect the incidence of the disease in white children.

Contraception, 1978 Jun, 17(6), 513 - 21
Bacteriologic culture results obtained before and after elective midtrimester urea abortion; Burkman RT et al.; Twenty patients undergoing elective midtrimester abortion by urea amnioinfusion had bacteriologic culture data obtained before and after the procedure . Despite the presence of pathogens in the vagina and cervix prior to the procedure, only 20% of patients exhibited endometrial growth following abortion . Factors that seem to favor such endometrial growth include increased injection-abortion intervals and the requirement for curettage to manage incomplete abortion.

Am Rev Respir Dis, 1978 Jun, 117(6), 1019 - 27
Bacteriology of expectorated sputum with quantitative culture and wash technique compared to transtracheal aspirates; Bartlett JG et al.; Techniques to improve the reliability of expectorated sputum culture were evaluated in 46 patients using a wash technique, quantitative culture, and a combination of washing and quantification . The wash procedure consisted of a jet of tap water over the specimen contained in a tea strainer . The true lower respiratory tract flora was determined by percutaneous transtracheal aspirates, which served as the basis for evaluating the methods of processing expectorated specimens . Either washing alone or quantification alone decreased the number of specimens with organisms that were not present in companion transtracheal aspirates; however, results that were sufficiently improved to be clearly advantageous for clinical interpretation were achieved only when washing and quantification were combined . Washed sputum specimens yielded oropharyngeal "contaminants" in concentrations exceeding 10(6) bacteria per ml in 12 of 46 specimens (26 per cent) . Using this technique, only one specimen contained a misleading potential pathogen, and only one specimen failed to yield a potential pathogen that was recovered with the transtracheal aspirate . The wash procedure decreased the mean concentrations of contaminants approximately 100-fold for all specimens and 1,000-fold for purulent specimens.

Am J Hosp Pharm, 1978 Jun, 35(6), 690 - 8
Tuberculosis: review of treatment failure, relapse and drug resistance; Guernsey BG et al.; Factors affecting the success and failure of tuberculosis (TB) treatment programs are reviewed . Topics covered include incidences of primary and secondary resistance; methods and probability of bacteriologic transfer of resistance; factors affecting delivery of successful treatment of TB; and retreatment concepts, history and regimens for TB relapse and treatment failures . Isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol hydrochloride produce a high percentage of cure in initial and retreatment TB therapy . Attention to patient compliance should be emphasized to assure effective treatment.

Immun Infekt, 1978 Jun, 6(3), 118 - 22
{Rotavirus as a causative agent of infantile gastroenteritis . Diagnosis and epidemiology (author's transl)}; Dennin RH; Some years ago it was not possible in spite of intensive bacteriological and virological work on the etiology of acute infantile gastroenteritis to find any agent that may readily be linked to this disease . Since five years now early sporadic reports about virus-like particles have proved worldwide to be correct and in the meantime have substantially been supported by new findings in that these particles are the main causative agent of infantile gastroenteritis . As part of our electron-microscopic studies some morphological characteristics are shown . The physico-chemical as well as structural properties of the new virus apparently justify its classification into the family of the reoviruses . Rotavirus positive stool specimens were found in 46% of the material sent in by paediatric clinics.

J Clin Microbiol, 1978 Jun, 7(6), 550 - 7
Whole-blood lymphocyte stimulation assay for measurement of cell-mediated immune responses in bovine brucellosis; Kaneene JM et al.; A study was conducted to develop an in vitro whole-blood lymphocyte stimulation assay for measurement of cell-mediated immune response in bovine brucellosis . A soluble antigen (BASA) prepared from killed cells of Brucella abortus 1119-3 was used . Cattle infected with B . abortus field strains, B . abortus 19 calfhood- and adult-vaccinated cattle, and nonexposed cattle were tested . Blood was diluted 10-fold in RPMI-1640 medium (without added serum) and cultured with BASA (at a concentration of 2.2 microgram per culture) at varying times of incubation . Results were assayed for {3H}thymidine incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid . A 6-day period was found to be optimal for incubating blood cultures to achieve maximum specific lymphocyte stimulation . Serological tests and bacteriological isolation attempts were conducted simultaneously with lymphocyte stimulation tests, and there was a significant correlation between cell-mediated immune response and bacteriological findings . There was a significant correlation between cell-mediated immune response and the level of serum antibodies on a group basis, but there was little correlation between the two systems on individual infected animals . Among vaccinated animals there was little or no correlation between cell-mediated immune and humoral responses . The whole-blood assay was found to be simple, fast, sensitive, and reproducible.

MMW Munch Med Wochenschr, 1978 May 5, 120(18), 619 - 22
{Screening newborn infants for phenylketonuria, histadinemia, homocystinuria and maple syrup disease . Results from north rhein-westphalia (1974-1976) (author's transl}; Menne F et al.; In North Rhein-Westphalia, 181 patients with phenylketonuria and 81 children with persistent phenylalaninemia were found from 1966-1973 during the phenylketonuria screening by the National Hygienic and Bacteriological Investigation Officials and the work of the Agency for tracing psychic disorders of metabolic origin . Continuation of the screenings and the work of the agency revealed 44 subjects with classical phenylketonuria and 27 with persistent phenylalaninemia between 1974 and 1976.

Aust Vet J, 1978 May, 54(5), 247 - 51
A health program for commercial dairy herds . 4 . Changes in mastitis prevalence; Morris RS et al.; A study of mastitis prevalence in 10 herds which participated in a herd health program is reported for varying periods, up to a maximum of 10 years . The program was based on teat dipping with idophor or sodium hypochlorite teat dip, regular maintenance of the milking machine, and selective dry period treatment of quarters which were classified as infected on the basis of California Mastitis Test score and bacteriological examination of milk samples taken before drying off . The procedures reduced mastitis prevalence (measured in cows being dried off), incidence of clinical mastitis, and disposal of cows due to mastitis . Results obtained were similar to those found in short-term studies of control programs based on teat dipping and dry period therapy . The only significant difficulty which arose in maintaining the control program over 10 years was loss of enthusiasm by farmers for teat dipping . This was usually induced by teat irritation problems apparently caused by teat dipping . The use of a monitoring procedure for mastitis prevalence was important in persuading farmers to return to the use of teat dip.

Transfusion, 1978 May-Jun, 18(3), 365 - 6
Bacteriological sterility of washed deglycerolized red blood cells after 72 hours storage; Radcliffe JH et al.; Samples of reconstituted frozen red blood cells, maintained at 4 C for 72 hours prior to culture, revealed a bacterial contamination rate of less than 0.2 per cent, suggesting that the present shelf life of 24 hours may be safely extended to 72 hours.

Endoscopy, 1978 May, 10(2), 75 - 9
Bacteriological efficiency of a standardized cleansing and disinfection technique for duodenoscopes; Schenk J et al.; Adequate cleansing and disinfection of the endoscopes is desirable to prevent bacteriaemia and septicemia following gastrointestinal endoscopy, especially endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and duodenoscopic sphincterotomy . A practical method, proved in our department over a period of 12 months, is described . As the result of this standardized cleansing and disinfection technique using the aldehyde derivative Gigasept (succine dialdehyde and 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran) in a 10% concentration as chemical disinfectant, sterile cultures from the biopsy channel were obtained in 75% of tested instruments . The remaining fiberscopes exhibited only a few bacteria left, resulting in a sufficient success of disinfection according to hygienic standards.

South Med J, 1978 May, 71(5), 533 - 7
Clindamycin and gentamicin in surgical infections; Edmondson HT et al.; The combination of clindamycin phosphate and gentamicin sulfate in treating 53 patients with a variety of serious infections was studied . Initial cultures of specimens from 31 patients yielded both anaerobic and aerobic pathogens . Eleven cultures showed only anaerobic organisms and 11 showed only aerobes . Of patients treated with clindamycin and gentamicin and surgical intervention, 87.8% had bacteriologic cure . Clinical response was poor in only two cases . Two patients developed rash and one had diarrhea, but no reactions suggestive of pseudomembranous colitis were seen.

Sem Hop, 1978 May, 54(13-16), 497 - 503
{Routine biopsy of the liver during tuberculosis in the African adult . 129 cases at Dakar}; Sankale M et al.; The routine use of needle biopsy of the liver in 129 African patients, aged over 15 years and suffering from various varieties of tuberculosis, gave the following results : specific lesions, above all during miliary tuberculosis, 25,6%, non-specific lesions alone, 37,2% ; normal parenchyma : 37,2% . These result were comparable with those obtained in Europe, in two similar studies, carried only by Coury and al . on pulmonary tuberculosis patients only, an by Morere et al . concerning all forms of tubercuosis . Steatosis without any alcoholic explanation, was observed in 24% of cases . Bacteriological research, even on a culture of liver tissue, was usually disapponting; only one positive result for 34 cultures . This possible spread of tuberculous infection at all stages of its course is still difficult to explain . It leads one to distinguish secondary liver infestations which suggest another localisation of the disease, from liver tuberculosis observed in clinically primary forms.

Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam, 1978 May, 8(1), 1 - 9
{Value of the breath test with cholylglycine C14 in the diagnosis of bacterial contamination in patients with gastric surgery}; Bai JC et al.; The TAE C14 has been evaluated as a diagnostic method of small bowel contamination in a group of patients operated for gastric disturbances . It has been compared with bacterial culture and bile salts chromatogrpahy of jejunum liquid and therapeutic response . 36 patients have been studied and divided in 3 groups: a) negative control: 8 subjects without pathology; b) positive control: 6 patients with intestinal resection and 1 with intestinal scleroderma, all of them with steatorrhea; c) gastric operated patients: 16 BII with and without vagotomy, 3 gastroenteroanastomosis and vagotomy, 1 superselective vagotomy and pyloroplasty and 1 B I, all the patients had steatorrhea, except one with BII . The period elapsed between the operation and the studies varied from 1 to 17 years (X: 4.9 +/- 4.1) . The average value of steatorrhea was 23.9 +/- 10.2 g/24 hs . 100% of group b and 80% of group c had abnormal TAE C14 . In 80% of the patients of the group c chromatogrpahy was performed and it agreed with TAE C14 in 80% of the studies . Bacteriology was positive in 100% of 18 studies, coinciding with TAE C14 in 70% patients . Therapeutic control of 100% of group c was positive in 90%.

Vet Rec, 1978 Apr 29, 102(17), 377 - 80
Amoxycillin: clinical trials in dogs and cats; Francis ME et al.; Amoxycillin, a new broad spectrum semi-synthetic penicillin was subjected to preliminary clinical testing in 351 cases in dogs and 264 in cats in veterinary practices . Two formulations were used: capsules by mouth and an aqueous suspension by injection . Those taking part were asked to use amoxycillin in the treatment of all conditions that they considered required an antibiotic and to report their results in terms of success or failure according to criteria laid down . Samples were taken whenever practicable for bacteriology . Dose ranges were 4 to 11 mg per kg for the oral capsules twice daily in dogs and most cats and 11 mg per kg once daily in some cat cases over five days and 2 to 7 mg per kg for the injectable suspension once daily in both species for three to five days . Results for the full range of conditions are given in tabulated form . Overall percentage of success according to the criteria laid down was 80.1%.

Br J Urol, 1978 Apr, 50(2), 73 - 5
Renal mobility in women attending a pyelonephritis clinic and in controls; Thomson WN et al.; The range of vertical renal mobility was established in a group of 129 healthy female subjects and compared with the range of mobility observed in 236 female patients attending a pyelonephritis clinic . The mobility was significantly greater on the right side in both groups and both kidneys moved significantly more in the patient group than in the controls . Excessive mobility could not be directly related to bacteriologically confirmed infection, renal pain or IVP abnormality . Nephroptosis remains an enigma and excessive renal mobility must not be interpreted in isolation.

Pathology, 1978 Apr, 10(2), 149 - 52
Mycobacterium avium associated with chronic pulmonary disease in a Queensland resident; Dawson DJ et al.; Bacteriological investigation over an 11-year period has implicated Mycobacterium avium ser I as the most probable cause of chronic pulmonary disease in a resident of south-eastern Queensland . Although the patient had contact with domestic fowls and a pet budgerigar, the source of the organism is uncertain.

Am J Dis Child, 1978 Apr, 132(4), 371 - 3
The changing epidemiology of pertussis in young infants . The role of adults as reservoirs of infection; Nelson JD; We reviewed 400 bacteriologically confirmed cases of pertussis in infants and children during the past 18 years . Several changes in the epidemiology have occurred in the most recent six-year period . The incidence of whooping cough in children has decreased by at least 50%, but the proportion of cases occurring in infants younger than 12 weeks of age has doubled to 30% of all cases . Formerly most young infants acquired their illness from siblings or other children, but in the recent period adults in the household were the most common source of infection to neonates and young infants . This observation plus the increasingly high level of immunization in preschool and school-aged children suggest that young adults with waning immunity and mild illness are a major reservoir for transmission of pertussis to infants too young to be immunized.

Chest, 1978 Apr, 73(4), 536 - 9
Survival of a patient with pancytopenia and disseminated coagulation associated with miliary tuberculosis; Rosenberg MJ et al.; A 56-year-old man with histologically and bacteriologically proved disseminated tuberculosis in association with pancytopenia responded to antituberculosis chemotherapy with bacteriologic cure of his tuberculosis and concomitant resolution of the pancytopenia . This association has been generally believed to have a nearly 100 percent mortality . In addition, the patient developed laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) . The single and simultaneous occurrence of these two hematologic abnormalities is extremely rare . A number of factors possibly relating to the development of pancytopenia and DIC in conjunction with miliary tuberculosis are briefly discussed.

Am J Vet Res, 1978 Apr, 39(4), 585 - 9
Specific lymphocyte stimulation in cattle naturally infected with strains of Brucella abortus and cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19; Kaneene JM et al.; Cell-mediated immune responses in cattle naturally infected with strains of Brucella abortus and in cattle vaccinated with B abortus strain 19 during calfhood were studied by an in vitro lymphocyte-stimulation procedure . Lymphocytes were prepared from peripheral bovine blood by the Ficoll-diatrizoate technique, suspended in RPMI-1640 medium (1.5 X 10(6) lymphocytes/ml), cultured with B abortus-soluble antigen or phytohemagglutinin, and incubated for 6 days . Sixteen hours prior to termination of incubation, cultures were labeled with 1 muCi of {3H}thymidine (3HdT) and, after harvesting, assayed for 3HdT incorporation into DNA by liquid scintillation spectrometry . Lymphocytes from cattle with bacteriologically confirmed isolation of B abortus underwent a significantly higher lymphocyte stimulation with B abortus-soluble antigen than did cattle vaccinated with B abortus strain 19 during calfhood (P less than 0.005) . Standard seroagglutination tests were conducted simultaneously with lymphocyte-stimulation tests, but there was no apparent correlation between levels of humoral antibodies and the cell-mediated immune responses as measured by in vitro specific lymphocyte stimulation.

South Med J, 1978 Apr, 71(4), 417 - 20
Perioperative antibiotics in major elective gynecologic surgery; Holman JF et al.; The efficacy of a three-dose, perioperative regimen of cefazolin or placebo in reducing postoperative infectious morbidity was evaluated in a double-blind study in 206 patients undergoing elective vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy . Postoperative infectious morbidity was defined as: an oral temperature of 100.4 F (38 C) or greater on any two postoperative days (excluding the first day), positive bacteriologic cultures, or pus from a wound . In premenopausal patients, cefazolin significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative infectious morbidity; 19% of the cefazolin group who had abdominal hysterectomy had evidence of infection compared to 71% of the placebo group, and 10% of the cefazolin group who had vaginal hysterectomies had evidence of infection compared to 37% of the placebo group . In postmenopausal patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy, cefazolin also reduced the incidence of postoperative infection compared to placebo, but the difference was not significant (20% compared to 37%).

Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1978 Mar 17, 13(1), 25 - 7
Erythromycin succinate in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis; Beumer HM et al.; In 20 patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infection the effectiveness of oral erythromicin succinate 3 X 500 mg daily has been tested . The duration of treatment was 10 days in all cases . The criteria of success, in addition to the clinical findings, were the results of bacteriological investigations and assessment of the appearance of the sputum . In all patients sputum and serum concentrations or erythromicin were determined . All pathogens isolated from the sputum of the patients were erythromicin-sensitive . One instance of development of resistance was observed . The drug was well tolerated.

Am J Dig Dis, 1978 Mar, 23(3), 248 - 56
Phlegmonous enterocolitis; Rosen Y et al.; Eight cases of phlegmonous enterocolitis which involved the small intestine exclusively in 5 patients, colon exclusively in 2, and both small intestine and colon in one are reported . Seven of the cases were studied at autopsy . The intestinal lesion was clearly the cause of death in 3 patients and was probably a secondary finding in 4 others . In one case, the cecum was involved and this segment was surgically resected . Five of the patients gave a history of alcoholism . The livers of the 7 patients studied at autopsy were all abnormal; cirrhosis was present in 4, severe fatty metamorphosis in 2, and moderate fatty metamorphosis in 1 . The clinical, morphological, and bacteriological aspects of phlegmonous gastritis and phlegmonous enterocolitis are similar, and these two conditions are thought to represent the same infectious disease involving different levels of the gastrointestinal tract . In most patients the factor(s) predisposing to infection of the gastric and intestinal wall are unknown . In some patients mucosal injury of varied type and septicemia appear to have been the forerunners of the phlegmonous lesion . The possible relationships of ischemic bowel injury, alcoholism, and liver disease to phlegmonous inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract are discussed.

J Pharm Sci, 1978 Mar, 67(3), 431 - 3
Simultaneous salt and ethanol removal from human serum albumin; Ng PK et al.; Diafiltration of salt and ethanol from human serum albumin was shown to be a competitive alternative to freeze drying . At least 99% of the original alcohol content could be removed in approximately five volume changes . Data on changes in ionic strength, bacteriological buildup, permeate flux, and dimer contents are presented.

Tubercle, 1978 Mar, 59(1), 55 - 60
Keratitis due to Mycobacterium chelonei; Gangadharam PR et al.; A case of ulcerative keratitis has been followed by ophthalmological, bacteriological and histopathological examinations . Mycobacterium chelonei has been repeatedly isolated from the lesion before and after surgical interventions.

Am J Pathol, 1978 Mar, 90(3), 701 - 21
The morphology of the Legionnaires' disease organism; Katz SM; The Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories, has isolated the Legionnaires disease organism from two patients with Legionnaires' disease proved by serologic techniques . We have studied the morphology which the isolate assumes in yolk sac tissue and on bacteriologic media . The organism was Gimenez-positive and gram-variable . Using an indirect immunofluorescent procedure, it was shown to react with convalescent serum samples taken from patients who had Legionnaires' disease . The organism multiplies by binary fission extracellularly and intracellulary; is both coccoid and bacillary in form; and contains characteristic cytoplasm, nucleoids, a cytoplasmic membrane, and a small cell wall of variable size . It may produce spores of unusual appearance . Intracellular replication characteristically occurs within vacuoles . The Legionnaires' disease organism conforms to the morphologic criteria for a prokaryocyte.

An Esp Pediatr, 1978 Mar, 11(3), 205 - 12
{Dehydration under one month of age . A review of 132 cases . Epidemiological, clinical and Bacteriological aspects (author's transl)}; Machuca Chavez JP et al.; 132 cases of dehydration in children under one month of age with a hight proportion of hypertonic dehydration, relating usually to a hyperconcentrated diet, are analyzed, taking into consideration ecological, epidemiological, clinical, biochemical and bacteriological aspects . Decrease in maternal lactation and social hygienic situation were principal factors . Hyperthermia and diarrhoea, were the initial symptoms requiring medical attention, in hypertonic dehydration, being of little importance the neurological manifestations of considerabble incidence and serious posterior repercussion . Important metabolic alterations and the small proportion of positive cultures in feces are evident, relating to those of other authors.

Laryngoscope, 1978 Mar, 88(3), 398 - 405
Middle ear effusions in neonates; Balkany TJ et al.; Suppurative middle ear effusions (MEE) have been shown to occur commonly in neonates . In spite of this, otoscopy is not routinely performed on septic infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) . This is clinically significant since unrecognized suppurative MEE may act as a focus for dissemination of bacteria into the circulation and/or central nervous system (CNS) . We have completed a prospective study in an attempt to define the prevalence, bacteriology, and response to therapy of MEE in neonates . To facilitate this, the normal micro-otsocopic appearance of the newborn TM was established by systematically examining 50 normal infants under 24 hours old . MEE was present in 30% of 125 consecutively examined infants in the neonatal ICU . Bacteriologic data are drawn from tympanocentesis performed on 34 neonates . Nasotracheal intubation of longer than seven days is highly associated with suppurative MEE . Suppurative MEE in the neonatal ICU is often refactory to treatment and may require prolonged therapy and repeated tympanocentesis.

Vet Pathol, 1978 Mar, 15(2), 237 - 48
Escherichia coli and diarrhoea in the rabbit; Prescott JF; An outbreak of severe diarrhoea and death in young rabbits was associated with many nonenterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the caecum . The severe clinical, pathological and bacteriological features of the diesase, acute diarrhoea associated with typhlitis and many E . coli in the caecum, could be reproduced either by the intraintestinal inoculation of many bacteria recovered aerobically or anaerobically from the caecum of these rabbits or by the intestinal inoculation of large numbers of a serogroup of E . coli, 0153, recovered from the caecum . Further experiments showed that this serogroup of E . coli, as well as a nonenteropathogenic serotype recovered from human faeces, would cause typhlitis and diarrhoea if inoculated in large numbers into the jejunum; pathological changes also were seen in the liver and kidney . Similar changes also could be induced by intravenous inoculation of a freeze-thaw (endotoxic) extract prepared from these strains . Any factor that allows rapid multiplication of E . coli in the rabbit caecum may be followed by absorption of endotoxin and subsequent typhlitis and so metimes by severe diarrhoea; this effect is seen in some field cases of diarrhoea in the rabbit.

Scand J Dent Res, 1978 Mar, 86(2), 93 - 102
Reduction of the formation of dental plaque and gingivitis in humans by crude mutanase; Kelstrup J et al.; The effect of a Trichoderma harzianum enzyme preparation containing mutanase (alpha-1,3 glucan glucanohydrolase) on plaque accumulation and composition and on occurrence of gingivitis was assessed in 20 persons in a double-blind cross-over investigation . The enzyme preparation was administered in chewing gum . Two test periods of 1 week were preceded by scaling and cleansing of the teeth, oral hygiene instruction, and controlled hygiene for at least 3 weeks . Oral hygiene measures were discontinued during the test periods, while the persons chewed six pieces of chewing gum per day, one half using enzyme-containing gum, and the other half using placebo gum . The test periods were identical, only enzyme gum was used instead of placebo, or vice versa . Evaluations of plaque and gingivitis showed that less plaque had accumulated and less gingivitis developed during the enzyme than during the placebo period, but bacteriologic studies of interproximal plaque did not reveal differences that could explain the clinical findings . Treatment with the enzyme preparation caused some local side effects, but no primary skin irritation, delayed hypersensitivity, nor anti-enzyme IgE was detected in any of the persons.

Tubercle, 1978 Mar, 59(1), 13 - 32
The hepatic toxicity of antituberculosis regimens containing isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide; Girling DJ; This paper reviews hepatic toxicity during chemoprophylactic treatment with isoniazid alone, and during the treatment or retreatment of active pulmonary tuberculosis with regimens containing one or more of the drugs isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide . Chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid carries a risk of drug-induced hepatitis, and this risk needs to be weighed against the advantages of preventing tuberculosis morbidity . The risks of hepatitis during standard treatment based on isoniazid are very small, and most patients who develop hepatitis recover . Moreover, it is often doubtful whether hepatitis is in fact drug-induced, and a proportion of patients who develop it already have liver disease at the time treatment is started . The risks are acceptable in the treatment of bacteriologically active disease . There is no consistent evidence that giving rifampicin with isoniazid in the initial treatment of tuberculosis increases the risk of hepatitis; in particular, transient abnormalities in the results of tests of liver function during the early weeks of treatment do not imply serious toxicity; patients who are rapid acetylators of isoniazid are not, as has been suggested, exposed to any special risk, and patients with known liver disease can also be treated without undue risk . Retreatment regimens based on rifampicin plus ethambutol carry a low risk of hepatitis, even though patients who need retreating have often experience toxicity during their initial treatment . Frist-line or second-line regimens containing pyrazinamide in currently accepted dosages, given daily or intermittently, carry a low and acceptable risk of hepatic toxicity . Finally, current studies of daily and intermittent short-course regimens based on isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide will extend our knowledge of hepatic toxicity . Because such regimens involve small total quantitites of drugs given over short periods they are likely to give rise to less hepatic toxicity than regimens of standard duration.

Sem Hop, 1978 Mar, 54(5-8), 345 - 50
{Clinical, bacteriological and pharmacokinetic study of Sisomicin in the newborn infant}; Sorin M et al.; A study of the efficiency and tolerance of sisomicin in 19 children with severe bacterial infections led to the following conclusions: -sisomicin was efficient, particularly in association with beta-lactamin; -the local and systemic tolerance was good . The susceptibility of various bacterial strains was studied . The half-life of sisomicin given intramuscularly was : 4,0 +/- 1,8 hours in the new-borns under 10 days and 2,0 +/- 0,3 hours in older infants, when creatininemia was below 10 mg/l . No accumulation was found . The recommended daily dose of sisomicin by intramuscular route is 3 to 6 mg/kg, i.e . 1 to 2 mg every 8 hours in infants an 1,5 to 3 mg every 12 hours in new-borns.

Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1978 Mar, (3), 87 - 92
{Evaluation of the results of animal studies with a scheme of serologic reactions according to a table of standards}; Rotshil'd EV et al.; The authors suggest a method of processing of the data of examination of the animals in the system of serological reactions for the purpose of diagnosis of epizootic situations in the natural plague foci . Positive results are recorded in a table in the form of a grid whose cells correspond to all possible variants of the two reaction titres . The table is divided into 6 sections into which the results differing by the correlation and the absolute reaction titres (the standard grid) are placed . The frequency of reactions is determined by the grid sections in the regions in which the character of the epizootic development in nature was studied by bacteriological examination of the animals . The diagnostic scale is drawn by the results of such standard observations . The trial of the suggested method was carried out in the regions of plague epizootics among the Rhombomys optimus Licht . in the Lowland Kara-Kum; it was possible to differentiate the signs of epizootic situations there in greater detail than by the methods suggested earlier.

J Clin Microbiol, 1978 Mar, 7(3), 319 - 21
Mycobacterium chelonei iatrogenic infections; Foz A et al.; We report on two outbreaks of Mycobacterium chelonei subsp . abscessus cutaneous infections, which occurred between June 1974 and April 1975 in a series of 24 patients (15 studied bacteriologically) subjected to venous stripping for varicose veins . The source of infection was the aqueous solution of merbromin used in presurgical care.

Appl Environ Microbiol, 1978 Mar, 35(3), 487 - 91
Simple bacterial preservation medium and its application to proficiency testing in water bacteriology; Brodsky MH et al.; A medium composed of nutrient broth, 1.8% boric acid, and 1% sodium chloride at pH 7.0 was shown to maintain the stability of Escherichia coli cultures for up to 10 days at room temperature . By using this preservation medium for preparing a simulated sample a successful proficiency test survey in water bacteriology was conducted.

Science, 1978 Feb 24, 199(4331), 896 - 7
Legionnaires' disease: structural characteristics of the organism; Katz SM et al.; The Legionnaires' disease organism was isolated from lung tissue taken from two fatalities of the Legionnaires' disease epidemic that occurred in Philadelphia during 1976 . In yolk sac tissue the agent grew as a small coccobacillary microorgansim, which was Gram variable and Gimenez positive . Intracellular coccoid and bacillary forms, detected by electron microscopy, within and without vacuoles, underwent multiplication by septate binary fission . Some of the intracellular forms resembled obligate intracellular pathogens . On defined bacteriologic media, the organisms were predominantly bacillary . The organism conforms to the morphologic criteria of a prokaryocyte.

Br Med J, 1978 Feb 18, 1(6110), 393 - 6
Organisation of bank of raw and pasteurised human milk for neonatal intensive care; Williamson S et al.; In 1976 a human-milk bank was established at King's College Hospital to serve the neonatal intensive care unit . The bank is staffed by two part-time nurses, who interview prospective donors, organise collections, prepare samples for bacteriological screening, and process the milk . On average 25 litres a month may be collected from about 15 donors, of which at least two-thirds is free enough of bacteria to be fed raw (unheated) to sick and low-birth-weight infants . Most of the remainder may be used after holder pasteurisation . The bank provides an adequate supply of milk of consistent nutritional quality and permits a more informed approach to the dietary management of infants of low birth weight.

Br Med J, 1978 Feb 4, 1(6108), 276 - 8
Bronchopulmonary infection due to Branhamella catarrhalis: 11 cases assessed by transtracheal puncture; Ninane G et al.; Transtracheal punctures were performed in 193 miners of anthracosilicotic coal who presented with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis . The transtracheal aspirates were bacteriologically positive in 104 patients . Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated in 15 patients; 10 of these responded to chemotherapy, as shown by the resolution of all symptoms and the disappearance of the organism on a repeat transtracheal puncture performed 48 hours after the end of treatment . One ampicillin-treated patient, whose bronchial secretions yielded a beta-lactamase-producing B catarrhalis, showed no improvement . But subsequent treatment with cefuroxime was followed by clinical and bacteriological recovery . B catarrhalis probably acted as an opportunistic respiratory pathogen in these patients, who were probably compromised hosts in view of their clinical history . B catarrhalis normally responds to the penicillins commonly used for respiratory infections, but if treatment fails a transtracheal puncture is essential to identify the strain and determine an appropriate antibiotic.

J Med Educ, 1978 Feb, 53(2), 129 - 34
The effects of monitoring the use of gentamicin in a community hospital; Gilbert DN et al.; This report describes the effect of a combined education and monitoring program on the use of gentamicin in a community hospital . The use of gentamicin was evaluated in 82 patients prior to an education program and in 80 patients after the education program . The results indicate that the attention focused on gentamicin by the study significantly improved the valid indications for treatment from 75% to 87% (p less than .05), increased the pretreatment use of bacteriologic cultures from 85% to 97% (p less than .05), increased the use of alternative less toxic antibiotics from 36% to 75% (p less than .05), and increased the frequency with which serum gentamicin concentrations were requested during therapy from 28% to 56% (p less than .001) . Thus, the data support the tenet that the ways antibiotics are employed in community hospitals can be altered.

Urology, 1978 Feb, 11(2), 142 - 6
Serum antibody titers in treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for chronic prostatitis; Meares EM Jr; A comparative study of the clinical, bacteriologic, and serum antibody titer response of 22 men who received therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for chronic prostatitis due to various strains of Escherichia coli was done . Of the 7 patients who were cured by therapy on the basis of clinical and bacteriologic data, 6 of 6 patients who had elevated serum antibody titers prior to treatment demonstrated a decrease to normal range of serum titers during follow-up, confirming disappearance of the bacterial antigen . Of the 15 patients who were not cured on the basis of clinical and bacteriologic data, 12 of 12 patients who had elevated serum antibody titers prior to treatment demonstrated no change in serum titers throughout the study, confirming persistence of the bacterial antigen.

Br J Surg, 1978 Feb, 65(2), 76 - 80
The bacteriology of primary wound sepsis in potentially contaminated abdominal operations: the effect of irrigation, povidone-iodine and cephaloridine on the sepsis rate assessed in a clinical trial; Pollock AV et al.; Two hundred and nine potentially contaminated abdominal operations were randomly allocated to prophylaxis with a single dose of 1 g cephaloridine intraincisionally, irrigation of the wound at the end of the operation with saline or spraying of the wound with povidone-iodine . In high risk operations (ileocolorectal or those in obese patients) the rate of major wound sepsis in those protected by cephaloridine was 3.8% compared with 13.2% in the irrigation and 16.7% in the povidone-iodine groups . In low risk operations no significant differences in sepsis rates were found . Bacteriological studies of incised organs, subcutaneous fat and pus showed that the majority of wound infections arose from endogenous sources . The outstanding problem remains that of prevention of contamination of the abdominal wall during surgery.

Dtsch Zahnarztl Z, 1978 Feb, 33(2), 101 - 8
{Clinical, bacteriological and histological mucosal findings in the regions of bridge pontics}; Rarisch B et al.; Clinical, bacteriological and histological findings based on 30 bridges with ceramic and metal members showed that covering large mucosal surfaces need not lead to severe inflammatory changes of the mucosa or papilla . If the intermediate members have to rest on a punctiform or small surface of the alveolar crest on hygienic and tissue-sparing grounds, the use of glazed porcelain or--with certain reservations-- of highly polished metal can be justified when required for phonetic, functional or aesthetic reasons.

Aust N Z J Surg, 1978 Feb, 48(1), 81 - 3
The bacteriological diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of haematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis in adults; Ryan MD et al.; A review of 49 cases of haematogenous osteomyelitis of the spine has indicated the need for planned investigations to establish a bacteriological diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy . The data suggest that antibiotics may not influence the outcome in patients presenting with a chronic infective process, particularly when this is located in the lumbar region.

Aust N Z J Surg, 1978 Feb, 48(1), 78 - 80
Antibiotics in the management of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and acute spetic arthritis in infancy and childhood; Nade S; The introduction of antibiotic therapy has changed the natural history of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and acute septic arthritis . Early diagnosis and early effective treatment are the means of preventing the devastating sequelae which can occur . Although several different organisms can cause these conditions, the most appropriate antibiotics to exhibit before bacteriological proof of diagnosis is established can be deduced from a study of their historical microbiology . This paper reports such a study and makes recommendations regarding antibiotic treatment.

Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz), 1978, 26(1-6), 659 - 63
Some aspects of the bacteriologic and immunologic status in parturient women and newborns; Woyton J et al.; In the search for new methods of diagnosing or suspension of intrauterine infection, bacteriologic methods were used, sections of the placenta were examined, content of IgG, IgA and IgM immunoglobulins was determined, and neutrophilic leukocytes in peripheral blood were counted in the parturient women and their children, and in neonates polymorphonuclear leukocytes were also counted in gastric smears . The studies were carried out in two groups . Group I was composed of 24 randomly selected parturient women and their children, and group II of parturient women and their children in whom infection was suspected . The results confirm the existence of defense mechanisms which protect against infection in most cases.

Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz), 1978, 26(1-6), 647 - 52
Mycotic sinusitis in children; Laskownicka Z et al.; Mycological and bacteriological examinations were carried out in 414 children aged 3-15 years, suffering from recurrent mucopurulent and in most cases accompanied by other respiratory diseases . 22 cases have been diagnosed as mycotic mucopurulent sinusitis and 97 as myco-bacterial sinusitis . The results of mycotic examination are discussed in relation to clinical picture.

Vet Med Nauki, 1978, 15(7), 31 - 7
{Experiments with vaccination against infectious epididymitis in rams}; Masalski N; Two killed vaccines were produced, differing by the adjuvant used--a hydroxide one and an oil one--employing four strains of Brucella ovis . They were applied twice at an interval of 20 days to rams under experimental conditions as well as to rams in filed conditions . On the 45th day following vaccination the experimental rams were challenged with a virulent Brucella ovis strain . To determine the acquired resistance the rams were investigated after the complement-fixation test, hemagglutination reaction, and agar gel immunodiffusion as well as through clinical and bacteriological examination of sampled semen for the presence of bacteria . It was established that rams treated with an oil vaccine built up a solid immunity . The postvaccinal antibodies disappeared after the third month of vaccination . It is suggested to carry out vaccinations with rams of the infected flocks each 6 months . The infected animals can be identified by means of serologic examination three months following vaccination . Vaccination makes it possible to use valuable animals for a longer period, which, though infected are not hazardous in spreading the infection in the flock . A programme is referred to for the curing of flocks by means of vaccination applied to the intact rams and gradual elimination of the infected animals.

Vet Med Nauki, 1978, 15(5), 26 - 34
{Vitality of newly hatched chicks}; Markarian M; Comprehensive morphologic, hematologic, biochemical, clinical, bacteriological and bacteriostatic investigations were carried out with newly hatched birds with and without visible pathologic deviations . It was found that birds of lower vitality were characterized by lower motor activity; weak response to external stimuli; lacking or weak pecking reflex; small, dull, and deep slightly moving or immobile eyes, with eyelids partially or fully covering the eyes; soft, colorless bill, empty crop, enlarged and stiff abdomen, imcompletely closed navel; the down being short, thin, lacking in brilliancy pigment, and density, wet and dirty; the birds having lower body weight and lower temperature, hemoglobin, erythrocyte, total protein, blood sugar, pseudoeosinophil, and eosine values; higher lymphocyte, basophile, and monocyte values; with enlarged gallbladder containing darkcolored and dense bile; the digestive viscera having lower volume; the gizzard with a dark-colored cuticle; dark intestinal content; enlarged residual yoke persisting for five days and more; inadequate adaptability to stress factors; higher death rate . It is concluded that the lack of vitality or the presence of weakness (Debilitas vitae) is diagnostically important so far as the health status of newly hatched birds is concerned . Debilitas vitae is expressed by atypical pathologic deviations and inadequate adaptability in view of the environmental conditions.

Acta Med Acad Sci Hung, 1978, 35(1), 61 - 6
Influence of duodenal intrinsic factor on the absorption of labelled vitamin B12; Horanyi M et al.; The intrinsic factor activity of powdered hog duodenal mucosa was confirmed by measurements of the absorption of labelled vitamin B 12 (Schilling-test) in 7 cases of Addisonian pernicious anaemia . In view of the fact that, according to earlier studies of the authors based on a bacteriological test, human duodenal juice also exhibits an intrinsic factor activity, it is suggested that the duodenal intrinsic factor may be involved in the pathogenesis of pernicious anaemia . The results of the Schilling-test are critically reviewed in the light of recent published evidence.

Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales, 1978 Jan-Feb, 71(1), 71 - 78
{Variation of helminthiasis incidence in Reunion as a function of different parameters}
{Study on diarrhea in young calves . 2 . Pathomorphological studies in clinically healthy calves and in calves with diarrhea}
Gunther H, Schulze F.

Pathological-anatomical and histological investigations were performed in 49 calves aged from 1 to 18 days, 26 of them being affected by diarrhoea, 23 being without clinical signs . In both the groups above all rhinitis, gastritis and typhlocolitis could be observed, thus the affection could be characterized as rhinogastrocolitis . Significant differences only existed between diarrhoea affected and clinical incospicuous calves concerning the macroscopic signs of the colon, periportal infiltrates of the liver and thymus in involution . The peak of inflammatory reaction is in general reached at the 7 . to 10 . day of life . In concordance with bacteriological findings the results refer to an affection not due to coli infection . Virus etiology may not be excluded and has to be examined in further studies.

Padiatr Padol, 1978, 13(2), 111 - 22
{Value and incidence rate of the inflammation of the bowels in a general children's autopsy material during twenty years (author's transl)}; Braun O et al.; The acute enteritis in the postneonatal period with or without dyspepsia appeared with an incidence ranging from 18,9% to 27,6% during twenty years period (1956--1975) observations in a general children's autopsy material . Bacteriological and serological analysis may be of success and complete the pathologic-anatomical diagnoses . Infective enteritis often is accompanied by pneumonia and/or otitis media . The acute enteritis can always be detected as an important feature in regard to the cause of death . Most children die within less than twenty-four hours from hospital admission . The hemorrhagic, ulcerous and necrotic form of the enterocolitis predominate the perinatal and neonatal period, frequently combined with peritonitis and bowel perforation . Bacteriological examinations should be obtained . This form of the acute enteritis and enterocolitis of the newborns must be taken into consideration of the ileus symptoms differential diagnosis.

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 1978 Jan-Feb, 5(1), 81 - 4
Intrarenal mechanism for renal vasoconstriction resulting from stimulation of the ureter in the dog; Robie NW et al.; 1 . The mechanism responsible for ipsilateral renal vasoconstriction resulting from mechanical stimulation of the ureter was examined using the pharmacological antagonists saralasin, SQ20881, indomethacin, atropine and phentolamine . 2 . A segment of PE tubing was implanted in the left ureter, patency being well maintained . Three to four days later renal blood flow was measured bilaterally and antagonists administered intravenously . 3 . The mechanism responsible for vasoconstriction could not be attributed to either increased intrarenal noradrenaline or angiotensin, nor to a decreased activity of prostaglandins, kinins or acetylcholine . 4 . Histological and bacteriological examination also proved negative . 5 . Thus, additional evidence of an unidentified intrarenal mechanism causing vasoconstriction is presented.

Acta Chir Belg, 1978 Jan-Feb, 77(1), 29 - 32
{Bacteriological problems related to hospital infections (author's transl)}; Peromet M; Bacteria responsible for nosocomial, i.e . hospital acquired, infections present a multiresistance to antibiotics . Multiple studies performed since the introduction of the first antibiotics have shown a correlation between their use and the identification and sensitivity of isolated bacteria . A program of control of antibiotherapy should be instituted in the hospitals in order to limit the occurrence of resistant strains.

Eur Urol, 1978, 4(2), 94 - 6
Treatment of renal tuberculosis . I . Clinical and bacteriological patterns and results; Mallo N et al.; The clinical and bacteriological results of 200 cases of renal tuberculosis treated with rifampicin (RFM), isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol (EMB) over a period of 4 months to 2 years are presented . This combination produced the highest theoretical score.

Nord Vet Med, 1978 Jan, 30(1), 21 - 23
{The cell count in milk of goats and the diagnosis of mastitis in goats (author's transl)}; Nesbakken T; The cell counts in milk of goats seem to vary quite a lot . It is difficult to diagnose mastitis in goats using only cell counts as a criterion . Clinical symptoms correlated with bacteriology and differences in the cell counts of milk samples from the two halves are probably the criteria of choice in the laboratory mastitis diagnosis in goats.

Nord Vet Med, 1978 Jan, 30(1), 18 - 20
{A case of mastatitis in a goat . Cytological and bacteriological examinations of milk samples throughout the entire lactation period (author's transl)}; Nesbakken T; A case of mastitis in a goat caused by S . aureus is described . Cytological and bacteriological examinations of milk samples throughout the entire lactation period were made . The average cell counts/ml in millions in milk samples were 6,12 (right half with mastitis) and 0,51 (left half which was normal) throughout the entire lactation period.

Obstet Gynecol, 1978 Jan, 51(1), 115 - 7
A rapid method for the presurgical cleansing of hands; Decker LA et al.; A new rapid method of presurgical cleansing of the hands has been evaluated in a clinical setting . The effectiveness of a 90 second jet wash has been compared with a standard 10-minute presurgical scrub . Bacteriologic cultures were obtained from the fingertips of interns, residents, and staff of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center before and after 90-second jet washings and 10-minute conventional scrubs . The results showed that the 90-second jet wash was more effective in degerming the hands than the 10-minute standard brush scrub . Other advantages of the new method, such as the amount of time saved, the standardization of cleansing, and reduced skin irritation are discussed.

Rev Ig Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol Pneumoftiziol Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol, 1978 Jan-Mar, 23(1), 37 - 42
{Primary chemoresistance to tuberculostatics in the district of Dolj between the years 1971 and 1975}; Golli V et al.; Primary resistance to tuberculostatics between 1971 and 1975 was studied in a lot of 676 adults with pulmonary tuberculosis, as well as the incidence and overall prevalence of primary and secondary resistance within the district covered by the tb . dispensary of Craiova . The incidence of primary resistance was of 13,61% of the entire lot, falling from 20.41% in 1971--1972, to 14.28% in 1973--1974 and to 7.25% in 1975 . The incidence fell from 6.66 per 100 000 in 1971 to 2.3 per 100 000 in 1975, and the total prevalence of resistance from 27.7 per 100 000 in 1971 to 6.67 per 100 000 in 1975 . Monoresistance was predominant (8.14% of the total), followed by biresistance (5.18%); primary triresistance was seldom recorded (0.29%) . Biresistance rapidly decreased with years down to 1.55% in 1975 and triresistance disappeared in 1975 . Although the frequency of primary resistance varies in terms of environment, sex and age of the patients, the differences are not statistically significant . Primary resistance to isoniazide and streptomycin occured in 7.99% of cases each, to ethambutol in 0.15% and to rifampicin in 0.51% . In order to reduce the cases of tuberculosis with primary resistance, endeavours should be directed towards the detection of all M . tuberculosis eliminators, applying a surveyed chemotherapy and following up the bacteriologic evolution of patients under specific treatment.

Scand J Gastroenterol, 1978, 13(1), 93 - 5
Bacteriological studies of common duct bile in patients with gallstone disease and juxta-papillary duodenal diverticula; Lotveit T et al.; Bile samples from the common duct were collected at cholecystectomy and cultivated aerobically and anaerobically . Two groups of patients were studied, patients with juxta-papillary duodenal diverticula and patients without diverticula . All patients had chronic cholecystitis and concrements in the gallbladder, but no biliary obstruction . A significantly higher incidence of positive cultures was found in patients with diverticula than in the control group . The positive samples contained bacterial species belonging to the intestinal flora . We propose an ascending route of infection and assume that bacteria may play a role in the formation of gallstones so often seen in patients with juxta-papillary duodenal diverticula.

J Wildl Dis, 1978 Jan, 14(1), 74 - 81
Brucellosis in elk I . Serologic and bacteriologic survey in Wyoming; Thorne ET et al.; Incidence of brucellosis in elk (Cervus canadensis) on two winter feedgrounds in Wyoming was examined over a 5-year period by testing serum samples using the standard plate agglutination (SPT) buffered Brucella antigen (BBA), rivanol (Riv) and complement fixation (CFT) tests . Thirty-one percent of 1,165 elk were positive by defined criteria . Considering each test individually, only 29% (106) of 370 positive sera would have been classified as reactors by the SPT, 83% (307) by the BBA test and 86% (314) by the Riv test . The CFT would have identified 85% (267) of 332 positive samples on which it was used . Brucella abortus, type 1, was isolated from 17 of 45 elk necropsied . The SPT identified 59% (10) of these as reactors, the BBA test 94% (16) and the Riv test 88% (15) . The CFT identified nine of nine (100%) on which it was used . Prevalence of sero-positive animals increased with age . Brucellosis has been present in one of the two elk herds since at least 1930, and the incidence of infection among mature females in both herds was approximately 50% during this study . No single serologic test should be relied upon to diagnose brucellosis in elk.

Cornell Vet, 1978 Jan, 68 Suppl 7, 76 - 88
Canine brucellosis . Current status of methods for diagnosis; Flores-Castro R et al.; A critical review of the performance of several methods used for the serodiagnosis of canine brucellosis is presented . It is concluded that none of the procedures commonly used is, in itself, adequate to permit a definitive diagnosis in all cases . The diagnosis is simplified when several animals in a kennel are infected; however individual cases pose a variety of problems, especially when complete clinical histories are not submitted or opportunities for infection have not been disclosed . Blood cultures are an essential part of the laboratory diagnosis of B . canis infection, but bacteremia is frequently absent in chronically infected dogs . Judgements must therefore be made on the basis of bacteriologic results in concert with a variety of serologic tests, and an evaluation of clinical signs . In some instances, laboratory diagnosis is not possible without repeated samplings . The minimal diagnostic effort should include the screening of sera by the slide agglutination test (SAT) . Negative results, in the absence of clinical signs, strongly suggest absence of infection . Positive SAT results indicate that further laboratory study is required . A two-stage testing procedure of all SAT-positive serums is therefore recommended . The tube agglutination test (TAT) or the 2-mercaptoethanol-TAT (ME-TAT) are valuable complementary methods; however either of these latter procedures, in conjunction with immunodiffusion analysis, appears to provide the best chances for accurate judgements of serologic results in difficult cases.

Scand J Infect Dis, 1978, 10(3), 183 - 5
The effects of pre-admission antibiotics on the bacteriological diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis; Pickens S et al.; To assess the effects of pre-admission antibiotics on the accuracy of bacterial diagnosis in pyogenic meningitis, the case records of 154 patients admitted to an infectious diseases unit during a 10-year period (1966-1975) were reviewed . The causative organism was identified in 140 patients (91%) . Although 63 patients had received antibiotics before admission, a bacteriological diagnosis was still possible in 57 of these (90%).

Arch Invest Med (Mex), 1978, 9 Suppl 1, 375 - 80
{Intestinal amebiasis in children . I . Etiological study of colonic lesions of the rectosigmoid colon}; Romer H et al.; A total of 253 children from two months to 12 years old, who had diarrheic or dysenteric syndromes, were studied from the rectosigmoidoscopic and parasitologic points of view . In addition, 112 and 20 of these patients were also studied bacteriologically and virologically, respectively . Only in 28 patients torphozoites of Entamoeba histolytica were found by means of direct microscopic examination, staining techniques and amoebal cultures . Enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated in 41 of the 112 cases examined . No viral particles were detected in the 20 cases studied . From the discussion of these results, the conclusion is reached that the rectosigmoidal mucusal alterations which have been currently considered as suggesting amoebal lessions are not characteristic of invasive intestinal amebiasis in children.

Poumon Coeur, 1978, 34(4), 283 - 90
{Bronchial fibroscopy . Indications and results}; Jover A et al.; The authors report a personal experience of 1.159 bronchial fibroscopies performed in 3 years . They review the literature for the indications and results of bronchial fibroscopy (except results on trans-bronchial biopsies) . The diagnostic value of this technique is highly superior, where bronchopulmonary cancers are concerned, to the traditional bronchoscopy . Besides these classical indications, the place of bronchial fibroscopy in intensive care, and its help for bacteriological and parasitological diagnoses, must be underlined.

Curr Med Res Opin, 1978, 5(6), 439 - 43
Efficacy of co-trimoxazole in infantile gastro-enteritis; Billoo AG et al.; A comparative, randomized trial was carried out in 105 children, aged between 2 months and 2 years and who were suffering from acute gastro-enteritis, to assess the effectiveness of co-trimoxazole with that of streptomycin and neomycin . Patients were treated in hospital for 5 days or longer and received daily doses either of 50 mg/kg streptomycin or neomycin, or of 6 mg trimethoprim plus 30 mg sulphamethoxazole/kg . Clinical and bacteriological assessments of response to treatment showed that better results were achieved in the co-trimoxazole group, and the duration of illness was also shorter in this this group . In the 3 patients on neomycin and the 12 on streptomycin who did not respond clinically, symptoms were controlled in all of them within 2 to 3 days of being changed over to co-trimoxazole treatment.

Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 1978, 18, 523 - 39
Biochemical pharmacology of the intestinal flora; Goldman P; Animal and bacteriological techniques have been developed for clarifying the role of the flora in the metabolism of drugs and other exogenous compounds . In general the flora tends to catalyze reductive and hydrolytic reactions, some of which reverse the detoxification reactions normally occurring in the liver . These reactions and others have been implicated in the pharamacological or toxicological action of exogenous compounds . Only in a few instances, however, have practical consequences of these reactions been documented . The major challenge at present is to develop methods capable of further defining the implications of reactions due to the flora.

Br J Dis Chest, 1978 Jan, 72(1), 39 - 56
An account of pleural effusions, pulmonary nodules and cavities attributable to rheumatoid disease; Jones JS; Nine case histories and references to published reports are used to illustrate the manifestations and management of pleural effusions, lung nodules and lung cavities which may occur in cases of rheumatoid disease . Repeated aspiration of effusions seldom is useful . They often are chronic and symptomless . What is taking place in some turbid and purulent effusions is debatable, since there can be an associated leucocytosis without infection . In the presence of acute symptoms, such as rigors, careful evaluation of such effusions is required, since there have been fatal examples with rather uncertain bacteriological findings . Lung nodules ordinarily cause a radiographic blemish without symptoms but may predispose to small haemoptyses or may rupture into the pleural cavity to cause a pneumothorax, usually requiring surgical resection of the nodule, whether or not a pleural effusion is present . Some nodules and lung cavities do not have the histology of the typical necrobiotic nodule but it is unlikely that they are fundamentally different . Large cavitated lung lesions which closed on azothioprine treatment are described, together with similar untreated cavities which became secondarily infected with a fatal outcome . It is suggested that the history of possible rheumatoid disease, even of 'aches and pains' must be sought if this aetiology for pleural effusions, lung nodules and unusual lung cavities is not to be overlooked, with the penalty of diagnostic thoracotomy or wrong treatment for the patient.

Arch Inst Pasteur Alger, 1978-79, 53, 201 - 15
{Survey on tuberculosis treatment in the Sahara . Preliminary bacteriological results}; Khaled S et al.; The preliminary bacteriological results of a survey carried out in the Sahara desert and concerning antituberculosis treatment are reported . Two regimens were compared ; a twelve-months regimen SHE/HE and six months regimen RHEZ/RH . Out of 370 patients admitted in one year, 292 had a positive smear, whereas 40 had not any bacteriological proof . 275 strains were isolated and 205 were tested to antituberculosis drugs; 15% showed a resistance to a least one drug . The 15% rate was in fact very different from one sanitary district to another . The search for INH metabolites in the urines of patients before treatment showed 67 positive cases out of 341 . The follow up was carried out at the 5th, 6th, 9th and 12th month after admission, smears and cultures of sputum and detection of INH metabolites in urines were used.

Arch Inst Pasteur Alger, 1978-79, 53, 186 - 200
{National survey on pulmonary tuberculosis treatment . Bacteriological results}; Boulahbal F et al.; A survey concerning the out come of the pulmonary tuberculosis treatment has been carried out in algeria . 11 districts were concerned . Patients received treatment in sanitary centers from January to March 1977 . Smears were done before any treatment and after 12 months cure; Ziehl-Neelsen staining was performed at the local laboratory and sputum samples were sent to the central laboratory for fluorescence examination and culture . Positives cultures were tested to antituberculosis drugs . Bacteriological results obtained before and after 12 months treatment are reported.

What Is Growth Medium?, What Is Staphylococcus Aureus?, What Is Activated Sludge?, What Is Listeria Monocytogenes?, What Is Dna?, e, Bacteria, r, Microbes, o, Microbe, n, Bacterium, n, Bacteriology, a, Microorganism, c, Streptomycin, a, Eubacterium, o, Staphylococcus aureus, i, Prokaryotes, a, Microorganisms, o, Salmonella typhimurium, s, Saccharomyces yeast, s, S. cerevisiae, n, Staphylococcus, e, Multidrug resistant, e, Citrobacter, c, Escherichia coli, s, Bacillus, s, Anaerobic bacteria, r, Cell suspensions, s, Enterobacteriacea, s, S. cerevisiae, n, Staphylococcus, c, Pseudomonas, i, Antibiotics

Scientific Publications - Work Done by Microbiology Reader Bioscreen C
Agricultural Microbiology Anaerobic Microbiology Antimicrobial Susceptibility Artificial Atmosphere Bioassay of Antibiotics Biofilm Microbiology Bioreactor Technology Biotechnology Cell Biology Clinical Microbiology Environmental Microbiology Experiments with Yeast	Fermentation Food Microbiology Functional Genomics Gene Technology Growth Media Development Growth Rate and Lag Time Industrial Microbiology Medical/Pharmaceutical Field Microbiological Assay Microbiological Research Microbiology of Cosmetics go to a specific theme...	Military Microbiology Molecular Microbiology Mutagenicity and Genotoxicity Oral Microbiology Patents Postantibiotic Studies Soil Microbiology Spore Microbiology Veterinary Microbiology Waste/Wastewater Treatment Water Microbiology Wine Microbiology

� 2005 Transgalactic Ltd (manufacturer of Bioscreen C software) | Privacy Statement | P.O. Box 1393, 00101 Helsinki, Finland, phone: +358 9 85172920, fax: +358 9 8749481, e-mail: microbiology@bionewsonline.com

Last modified: May 25, 2005