Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam, 1981, 11(4), 527 - 32 {Rectal syphilis . Apropos of 5 cases}; Ypas AR; Five cases of rectal syphilis are described, observed during a 5-month period in 1978 in the General Manuel Belgrano Hospital . The diagnosis was made by means of endoscopical, hystological, bacteriological, and seriological examinations . The homosexual activity of all five patients and the role this plays in disseminating this type of affliction is noted . Finally, the importance of taking into account this type of pathology is stressed for the purpose of differential diagnosis and its therapeutic implications. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris), 1981, 10(7), 655 - 60 {Cytological and bacteriological examinations of the cervix and vagina . A review of the results obtained in a laboratory for analyses in Guadeloupe (author's transl)}; Millan J et al.; The authors give the results of their cytological and bacteriological examinations of the cervix and vagina carried out routinely in a laboratory . They emphasize, in detailing their method of working, the criteria that they feel must be adopted in an attempt to code the qualitative appraisal of direct examination and the result of studying the cultures . The first part of the paper deals with an overall survey of the 4,573 examinations which were carried out over a period of 8 years . The second part is concerned with a more detailed analysis of the 883 samples which were divided into 4 categories: pregnant women, those having oral contraception, those with an intra-uterine device, and others . There are several variations revealed between these 4 categories as far as the white cell count, the bacterial flora and even pathogenic organisms are concerned. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg {B}, 1981, 174(1-2), 1 - 14 {Infection risk through the reuse of "used" cylinder ampoules for dental local anaesthesia (author's transl)}; Graf W; The phenomenon of so-called syringe internal infection with cylinder ampoule syringes customarily used in dental local anaesthesia is discussed from the view-point of infection hygiene . The contamination rate of the residual content-of used cylinder ampoules has been determined by means of bacteriological model tests with E . coli under the conditions of the cannulae removal phenomenon and the reflux phenomenon caused by tissue overpressure resulting from the injection . It has been shown that - as result of changing a contaminated cannula with the commonly used Uniject cylinder ampoule injection system, the probability that the cylinder ampoule residual contents are infected in 93% using metallic head cannulae and 78% with disposable screw-on cannulae; - even with the lever syringe systems for intraligamentary anaesthesia, changing contaminated, ultra-thin special cannulae leads with 11-12% probability to infection of the cylinder ampoule residual contents; - injections with a tissue counterpressure of only 1 atm result in a 100% contamination rate of the cylinder ampoules through reflux phenomena . The test results lead to the indispensable hygienic demand that - irrespective of which injection system is used - used cylinder ampoules must not be reused with other patients . The increasingly high contamination ratio (0.5 - 1.0%) of our population with hepatitis B viruses places increased demands on the need for care on the part of the dentist and physician. Scand J Infect Dis, 1981, 13(2), 159 - 60 Incidence of Legionella pneumophila in acute lower respiratory tract infections; Walder M et al.; The etiological role of Legionella pneumophila and other infectious agents in acute lower respiratory tract infections in 112 patients attending an infectious disease clinic was estimated by a serological study of paired sera and bacteriological culture of nasopharynx swabs and culture and immunoelectroosmophoresis of expectorates . Only 2 of the patients had a 4-fold rise in antibody titre to L . pneumophila, suggesting a similar incidence of legionnaires' disease as reported from USA. Scand J Infect Dis, 1981, 13(2), 148 - 52 A revised system for antibiotic sensitivity testing . The Swedish Reference Group for Antibiotics; Thoracoscopy: results in non cancerous and idiopathic pleural effusions; Two hundred and fifty pleural effusions were studied prospectively comparing the results obtained simultaneously by investigation of the pleural fluid, blind needle biopsy of the pleura and thoracoscopy . Thoracoscopy was necessary in 50% of the cases for the diagnosis or the exclusion of a neoplastic or tuberculous etiology . The combined cytological and histological results of the pleural effusions and the needle biopsies established the diagnosis of malignancy in 74% . Tuberculosis was proven histologically in 52% by needle biopsy, in 62% when the cases were not included where only inadequate tissue was obtained . If the bacteriological results of tb-cultures including those of the pleural effusions are added, 74% of the tuberculous pleurisies were diagnosed . Thoracoscopy had a significantly higher yield with 97% in malignant and 99% in tuberculous effusions . The value of thoracoscopy in pleural effusions of other or of idiopathic origins has to be seen in the light of these results showing the probability with which a tumour or a tuberculosis can be excluded, 9% of the cases remained indeterminate (idiopathic). J Supramol Struct Cell Biochem, 1981, 16(4), 385 - 92 Effect of serum, fibronectin, and laminin on adhesion of rabbit intestinal epithelial cells in culture; Burrill PH et al.; Rabbit intestinal epithelial cells, obtained after a limited hyaluronidase digestion, were incubated in medium with or without calf serum, on bacteriological plastic dishes . The dishes, either plain or coated with an air-dried type I collagen film, were pretreated with medium alone or eith medium containing purified laminin or purified fibronectin . Cells did not attach in significant numbers to untreated bacteriological plastic, even in the presence of serum . Cells did attach to collagen-coated dishes, and were judged viable on the basis of their incorporation of radiolabeled leucine into cell protein . Cell adhesion to the collagen substrate increased in proportion to the concentration of serum in the medium, with maximal attachment of 5% serum or greater . Pretreatment of plain or collagen-coated dishes with increasing amounts of fibronectin enhanced cell adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner . Either serum, or fibronectin-free serum in the medium enhanced cell attachment to substrates pretreated with either fibronectin or laminin . Thus, intestinal epithelial cells appear to possess surface receptors for both laminin and fibronectin . The evidence further suggests that calf serum may contain factors, other than fibronectin, capable of enhancing intestinal epithelial cell attachment to collagen substrates. Anesth Analg (Paris), 1981, 38(7-8), 347 - 50 {Bacteriologic study of indwelling central venous catheters . Factors influencing the risk of microbial colonization and sepsis (author's transl)}; Dusan C et al.; The mechanism of microbial colonization and sepsis is disputed . For many authors, catheter contamination results from poor aseptic technic during insertion or removal or from the descent of organisms along the catheter from the skin puncture site; we think with Michel that endogenous colonization of the thrombus at the tip of the catheter must be considered: a statistical correlation between infected foci remote from the catheter allows this hypothesis; tracheostomy may be considered as well as a percutaneous contaminant as a deep infected focus . The correlation between non specific immunity and contamination is another finding which allows the ability of endogenous colonization. Rev Fr Mal Respir, 1981, 9(4), 337 - 44 {Lung biopsy by thoracoscopy (author's transl)}; Boutin C et al.; 60 patients had 1 to 7 biopsies during thoracoscopy under light anaesthesia without tracheal intubation . Biopsies were performed under direct vision using a separation puncture . Double-spoon biopsy forceps (5 mm in diameter) connected to a 120 watt diathermy apparatus avoided any air leak age and ensured haemostasis as the biopsy was taken . The dry weight of the biopsies ranged between 5 and 40 mg, allowing appropriate studies with light or electron microscope, for bacteriological and mineral analysis, and for hormone receptors search in cancer cases . A size 20 to 30 Charriere drain was left for a mean of 3 days . No serious complications arose . Ten patients had a 38 degrees C fever for a few hours . In one case early in the study a drain had to be changed on the third day . An histopathological diagnosis was made in 12 out of 14 patients with localised pulmonary opacities and in all 14 cases with diffuse opacities . In 32 cases of pleural involvement the presence or absence of concomitant lung involvement could be demonstrated . Asbestos fibres counts by electron microscopy correlated fairly with previous exposure to asbestos . The sensibility of the technique was 96% (percent of true positives) and the specificity 100% (percent of true negatives) . Thoracoscopic lung biopsy may thus be compared very favourably to techniques of lung biopsy and deserves a larger studies in order to confirm its low morbidity. Rev Fr Mal Respir, 1981, 9(4), 309 - 18 {Current indications for thoracoscopy}; Boutin C et al.; Thoracoscopy is performed at best with a rigid apparatus and a cold light source using a single or double site of entry into the chest . Biopsy under direct vision requires a double-spoon biopsy forceps that can be connected to diathermy to insure haemostasis and prevent any air leak age . Some authors prefer a local anaesthesia but a light general anaesthesia with or without intubation allows a safe and painless examination . Numerous biopsies can be obtained for subsequent examinations, like light or electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, bacteriology and mineral studies as well as search for hormonal receptors sites on tumours . Complications are rare and fatalities exceptional (4 cases in a review of the literature covering 3.384 cases . 2 of which occurred in a small series of 150 cases) . In chronic pleurisies secondary to cancer, a diagnosis was made in 92% of cases . In suspected pleural mesothelioma, thoracoscopy allows both diagnosis and staging . In pleural tuberculosis, a diagnosis is obtained in 93% of cases . Talc pleurodesis in the treatment of chronic recurrent malignant pleural effusions is successful in 80% . In the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax with a mean follow up of 10 years, only 6.6% recurred after talc poudrage, and functional sequelae were minimal; no talcomas induced mesotheliomas were seen in a review of 151 cases . Thoracoscopic lung biopsy has an 87 to 94% success rate depending on series, and is thus comparable to surgical biopsy with a markedly smaller morbidity and mortality . It should thus be used more widely by pneumologists. Rev Fr Mal Respir, 1981, 9(3), 229 - 39 {The diagnostic value of quantitative bacteriology in tracheal aspirates compared to lung biopsy (author's transl)}; Borderon E et al.; An attempt was made to define the value of the bacteriological examination of tracheal aspirations in patients on artificial ventilation . Quantitative cultures of lung biopsies, taken immediately after death, were made on 21 patients in an intensive care unit . The results were compared with the clinical signs, antibiotic therapy and quantitative cultures of tracheal secretions taken before and very soon after death . A comparison of the results shows that microbial species present in tracheal secretions at a level equal to or greater than 10(7)/ml were found in 53 percent of lung biopsies . However, the predominant bacteria found in the lung biopsies were not necessarily similar to those in the tracheal secretions . Also, bacteria minimally present or completely absent in tracheal secretions could be found in lung biopsies . Therapeutic decisions can only be made on clinical and radiological signs; bacteriological examination may be a help in the choice of drugs once such treatment has been decided upon. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales, 1981 Jan-Feb, 74(1), 30 - 6 {24 cases of donovanosis in French Guiana}; Pradinaud R et al.; 24 cases of Donovanosis (Granuloma inguinale) have been observed at the Dermatology Clinic of the Centre Hospitalier of Cayenne (French Guyana) between 1970 and 1980, representing a high rate for a 60,000 population . All the patients were coloured people . The disease is more important in the cutaneous parts of the ano-genital areas, than on the mucous parts . The "carcinoid" aspects of some histopathological exams must be considered with the bacteriological research and the very soft clinical aspects . It is often caused by intrarectal sexual contacts whether homo- or heterosexual . The high rate of Donovanosis within the homosexual population is a good argument for an intestinal localisation of the germ Calymnatobacterium granulomatis . All the cases diagnosed show an individual susceptibility to this disease . A deficit of cellular immunity as found in lepromatous leprosy seems a very attractive hypothesis . The treatment with 4 g of streptomycin by day during 5 days or more is considered as the best actually. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 1981 Jan, 10(1), 40 - 9 A dynamic model of tuberculosis epidemiology for Singapore; Goh EH et al.; An epidemiological model was used to estimate the size of the tuberculosis problem in Singapore from 1975 to 2025 . It was shown that even without any control activities after 1979 there would be a reduction of the tuberculosis indices in the country . If the present control programme was pursued unchanged, a reduction of the tuberculosis problem by 10.0% and 14.5% would be expected in 2000 and 2025 respectively . Tuberculosis would be expected to remain a major public health problem over the next fifty years . In Singapore's context increased case finding and treatment of bacteriologically positive cases of tuberculosis would be the most effective ways of further reducing the tuberculosis problem over the next fifty years . Practical methods of implementing this were suggested . Reduced BCG coverage of infants was not expected to increase the tuberculosis problem to any significant extent over this period . Treatment relapse rates were shown not to be a sensitive variable that would affect the tuberculosis problem in Singapore. Can J Comp Med, 1981 Jan, 45(1), 8 - 14 Use of total and differential somatic cell counts from composite milk samples to detect mastitis in individual cows; Dohoo IR et al.; The objective of this study was to ascertain the value of variables measured on composite milk samples as predictors of mastitis in individual cows . The standard of comparison was the results obtained from the bacteriological examination of individual quarter foremilk samples . Cows were classified as negative or positive with regard to mastitis on the basis of one quarter sampling only and cows which were impossible to classify in this manner were omitted from subsequent analyses . The variables that were examined were: the presence or absence of specific bacteria, demographic data, and logarithmically transformed total somatic cell counts and percentages of cell volume in channels 7 through 12 of a Coulter Counter . It was found that the inclusion of all variables resulted in correct classification of 95.9% of cows with regard to their mastitis status . Sequential elimination of individual variables or groups of variables in an attempt to simplify the procedure reduced the correct classification to 86.8% when only the log transformation of the total somatic cell count and the demographic data were included . The ability of a function which included the logarithm of the total somatic cell count, the logarithm of the percentage in channel 8 and demographic data, to classify cows was examined in detail and the sensitivity and specificity of the function also discussed . It is also shown that with increasing age the minimum total somatic cell count required to classify a cow as positive increased and possible explanations of this phenomenon are discussed. Ann Biol Clin (Paris), 1981, 39(2), 61 - 8 {Comparison of three methods of measuring antibiotic sensitivities (author's transl)}; Dupeyron C et al.; Two semi-automatic methods of measuring antibiotic sensitivities were compared to the disk method for everyday use in a bacteriology laboratory . The reproducibility, compared with 3 strains, proved satisfactory, the highest was the API method . There appeared to be few discrepancies between the semi-automatic methods and the disk method . Part of the latter may be explained by the difference of critical concentrations . Others, routine for a few antibiotics, merit more complete study. Poumon Coeur, 1981 Jan-Feb, 37(1), 57 - 60 {A comparison of the result of aspiration, needle-biopsy, pleuroscopy and thoracotomy in the diagnosis of chronic pleurisy (author's transl)}; Wihlm JM et al.; A series of 60 diagnostic pleuroscopies was carried out in cases of isolated chronic pleurisy, or pleurisy accompanied with pleural and parenchymatous lesions . The following diagnoses were obtained : 23 non-specific chronic inflammations, 1 purulent pleurisy, 1 rheumatoid pleurisy, 25 neoplasms and 10 tuberculosis . In all cases, pleural aspiration, with bacteriology and cytotology of the fluid, as well as pleural needle-biopsy with the Abrams needle, were carried out before, with negative results in 53 cases and doubtful results in 7 cases . Later, 14 thoracotomies were carried out, either for diagnosis or for treatment (pleuro-pulmonary decortication) . The diagnosis obtained by pleuroscopy was confirmed in 10 cases (5 chronic inflammations, 1 purulent pleurisy, 1 mesothelioma, 3 tuberculosis), but not confirmed in 4 cases : simple chronic inflammations related in reality to 3 neoplasms and a diagnosis of tuberculosis also due to a neoplasm . Overall, pleuroscopy allowed the diagnosis of 55 chronic pleurisies out of 60 (92%), confirmed by the progress of the disease, or later thoracotomy (10 cases) . The reliability of this procedure is certain when the histology of the neoplasm or the specific condition is obtained (37 cases), but the diagnosis of chronic non-specific inflammation remains a provisional diagnosis . Exploratory thoracotomy retained its indication in this case and allowed the diagnosis to be corrected in 4 cases out of 14. Poumon Coeur, 1981 Jan-Feb, 37(1), 53 - 6 {Multiple pleural biopsies : a simplified technique (author's transl)}; Martin-Lalande J; Parietal pleural biopsy, together with a bacteriological and chemical analysis of the pleural fluid, is often the most useful diagnostic technique in pleurisy . This is a simple technique, with moderate aspiration across a transparent filter trap, as used in blood transfusions . The procedure is done under direct vision and has the following advantages : it improves the specificity of the pleural material aspirated . It is without danger, can be repeated a number of times and thus increases the diagnostic value of the test . It avoids pleural superinfection and instrumental pneumothorax . It improves safety for the patient and comfort for the operator . It improves on the usual method for needle-biopsy with or without a syringe. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris), 1981, 10(1), 45 - 9 {The extemporaneous histological examination of the umbilical cord . A reliable procedure for evaluating the risk of neo-natal infection (author's transl)}; Kerisit J et al.; The authors report a study carried out on a consecutive series of 184 placentas of immature or small-for-dates newborn for whom a concomitant examination of the umbilical cord was carried out, with the purpose of finding out whether there was infection of the cord which was defined expressly as a true umbilical blood-vessel infection . The 27 cases of infection which were found were classified using a method with 5 values of 0 to 5 given to two sections of the cord that were sectioned . The one was near the placenta, the other near the fetus . Then the findings were compared with the clinical picture of infection in the infant and with bacteriological tests carried out on the digestive tract and on the meconium . This comparison shows how reliable this examination was in prognosing the risk of neo-natal infection and it would appear in screening out neo-natal infection by adding raised values for infection in the cord. Anesth Analg (Paris), 1981, 38(1-2), 15 - 9 {Pulmonary artery catheterization . Advantages of internal jugular route . 75 cases (author's transl)}; Zerr C et al.; The authors relate, after 75 cases, their experience of pulmonary artery catheterism carried out in case of cardiac surgery intervention . The Swan-Ganz catheter is exclusively introduced by the percutaneous internal jugular route and generally right (82 p . cent) . During the progression of the catheter the radiologic control is not necessary . The complete failures are rare (2,5 p . cent) and the right pulmonary artery is mostly catheterised in every case . Complications are exceptional and often correspond to benign incidents like premature ventricular contractions which always disappear spontaneously, balloon ruptures (three cases) and the isolation of a non-pathogenic organism during the systemic bacteriologic examination without infections reactions . A serious infection complication has been found in one case and a pulmonary infarction is observed in another case . Compared with other venous route the advantages of this method lie in its very easy, simple, fast and trusty execution. J Int Med Res, 1981, 9(3), 161 - 4 A study to determine the effect of Betadine Vaginal Cleansing Kit on cervical flora after insertion of an intra-uterine contraceptive device; Obaidullah M; Twenty-four women with negative high vaginal swabs, who attended for insertion of an intra-uterine contraceptive device, were randomly allocated to two groups . One group used the Betadine Vaginal Cleansing Kit before and after insertion of the intra-uterine device; the other group did not use any cleansing agent . After 4 to 6 weeks, the patients were re-examined and a cervical swab was taken . The bacteriological findings were of interest and significance . In the study group there was bacterial in only one patient out of the twelve, whereas in the control group there was bacterial growth in ten out of the twelve . The bacteria grown were of doubtful clinical significance, but in certain circumstances they could take a pathogenic role . The marked absence of bacterial growth in the study group is significant because, during a 4 to 6 week period, the cervical mucus remained sterile thus minimizing the risk of pelvic infection during and immediately after insertion . Whether is has any significant effect in the long-term reduction of the incidence of pelvic infection remains to be seen, and further studies are needed. Eur J Respir Dis, 1981, 62(2), 72 - 83 Lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium/Mycobacterium intracellulare . An analysis of Danish patients during the period 1962-1976; Engbaek HC et al.; The present work is a retrospective study in which the case histories of 37 Danish patients with lung infections caused by M . avium/M . intracellulare are analysed . The result of the chemotherapy used, in some cases combined with surgery, was not satisfactory, since the infection became inactive in 11 patients only . One further patient became negative spontaneously . Prognosis studies for various groups of patients were made by statistical analysis of the collective material . The analysis revealed that co-existing lung disease, dyspnoea on admittance and three other features showed positive mutual correlation, and that the two first-named features were significant prognostic criteria . It is proposed that patients without these features should form a separate group with good prognosis, in which less intensive chemotherapy can be employed, i.e . with the three drugs INH, RMP and EMB . Continuation of this treatment beyond 4 months must depend on the bacteriological response and the clinical condition . For the remaining patients, multidrug therapy (with five drugs) is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is established. Can Anaesth Soc J, 1981 Jan, 28(1), 86 - 8 Swan-Ganz catheter contamination: a protective sleeve for repositioning; Bessette MC et al.; Valuable haemodynamic data can be derived from a properly positioned Swan-Ganz catheter . Unfortunately, a significant number of these catheters will, for one reason or another, become malpositioned . Withdrawing a catheter from a permanently wedged position presents little difficulty . Repositioning may, however, necessitate its advancement, with the attendant risk of bacterial contamination . We have solved this problem by making a protective sleeve from readily available latex drain and tubing, which fits securely over the haemostatic valve of a No . 8F Cordis introducer . Iodine solution is injected into the sleeve to provide a sterile environment for the Swan-Ganz catheter, which can then be repositioned as required without the risk of bacterial contamination, as verified by bacteriological studies. Ann Med Interne (Paris), 1981, 132(2), 124 - 5 {Tuberculous infection of total hip prosthesis: report on two cases (author's transl)}; Carbon C et al.; M . tuberculosis infection of a total hip prosthesis was observed in two patients . Clinical and bacteriological diagnostic features are described, as well as the two possible physiopathological mechanisms involved: activation of a chronic local lesion or blood dissemination . Combined medical and surgical treatment results in effective clinical and functional recovery. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1981 Jan, (1), 49 - 54 {Diagnosis of epidemic gastroenteritis}; Mashilov VP et al.; Epidemic gastroenteritis is a rather widespread disease, though as yet little known to medical practitioners . Its diagnosis is base on the correct evaluation of the complex of characteristics, both clinical and epidemiological; clinical characteristics include typical gastroenteritis with normal or subfebrile temperature, loud rumbling and the sounds of flowing liquid in the bowels, as well as slight catarrhal phenomena with peculiar granular formations on the surface of the mucous membrane of the soft palate and the arches; epidemiological characteristics include the non-explosive, diffuse character of morbidity, the absence of definite regularity in the occurrence of the disease among different age groups, increased morbidity among medical personnel an public service workers, the seasonal character of the infection (winter and spring), the absence of any influence of the factors commonly contributing to the mass spread of enteric diseases on the morbidity level, as well as the negative results of numerous bacteriological (virological) investigations made with the aim of isolating the known causative agents of enteric infections. J Int Med Res, 1981, 9(2), 132 - 7 Cefadroxil monohydrate versus erythromycin in paediatric patients; Trujillo H; Cefadroxil monohydrate, an oral cephalosporin with a long half-life, was compared to erythromycin estolate for efficacy in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children . The study was carried out on forty patients, twenty receiving cefadroxil and twenty receiving erythromycin . Each drug was dosed at 50 mg/kg/day and was given every 12 hours in two equally divided doses . The complete cure rate was 95% for the cefadroxil group and 80% for the erythromycin group . Two patients originally in the erythromycin test group showed no improvement either bacteriologically or clinically after 3 days of treatment . It was found that these patients harboured S . aureus which had become resistant to erythromycin during the course of therapy . Both patients were shifted to cefadroxil treatment and achieved complete cures . Two patients in the erythromycin group and one in the cefadroxil group were diagnosed as having scarlet fever . All three responded clinically, yet cultures from the two treated with erythromycin showed persistence of bacteria while the one treated with cefadroxil proved to be cured both clinically and bacteriologically. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic, 1981 Jan, 48(1), 45 - 9 {Bacterial spondylodiskitis . Diagnostic problems}; Gougeon J et al.; The authors carried out 193 needle aspiration of needle biopsies of the discs or vertebrae in 7 French Rheumatology Units to draw up the bacteriological diagnosis in infectious spondylodiscitis . The bacteria were identified in 62.7% of cases on average, the score of the most favourable series reaching 80% . No incident or accident was observed . These results, which are definitely better than direct surgical exposure, suggest the widespread adoption of this technique before any antibiotic therapy whenever spondylodiscitis is suspected . However, a prospective study with a uniform protocol seems necessary in order to draw up more precisely the value and limits of the method. Digestion, 1981, 21(4), 184 - 92 Ultrasonically guided percutaneous puncture and analysis of aspirated material of cystic pancreatic lesions; Schwerk WB; 20 percutaneous aspirations, guided by ultrasound, were performed without serious complications in 17 patients with cystic pancreatic lesions . Amylase activities of all 10 pseudocysts were increased with a considerably wide range (3,680-775,000 U/l) and the serum amylase level correlated significantly (p less than 0.01) with the enzyme activity of cyst content . The enzyme level of 1 true cyst and 2 cystic malignancies were in the normal range of serum amylase; low amylase activity does not rule out a pancreatic origin of a cystic mass lesion . Bacteriological and cytological studies of aspirated samples revealed 2 (of 2) pancreatic abscesses and 2 ( of 3) cystic malignancies . Total regression of an acute pancreatic pseudocyst was achieved following repeated percutaneous antegrade evacuations. Ann Neurol, 1981 Jan, 9(1), 81 - 4 Postictal pleocytosis; Schmidley JW et al.; Six patients showed a transient and otherwise unexplained cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis following a flurry of generalized convulsions . Each had an obvious cause for repeated seizures . No evidence was found for an infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, or other cause for the pleocytosis . All CSF specimens were clear and colorless, under normal pressure, and bacteriologically sterile . The maximal leukocyte count ranged from 9 to 80 per cubic millimeter and reached a maximum on the day after cessation of convulsions . No specimen contained more than 650 erythrocytes . Two patients initially had a mildly increased CSF protein; glucose values were unremarkable . We propose that the pleocytosis in these patients was a result of frequently repeated generalized convulsions . The mechanism of postictal pleocytosis is uncertain . It may result from transient breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, which has been demonstrated after seizures in experimental animals . Although infectious causes must first be considered and rigorously searched for, it appears that seizures alone may cause a transient CSF pleocytosis. J Radiol, 1981 Jan, 62(1), 25 - 30 {Tuberculous trochanteritis : radiological diagnosis (author's transl)}; Mabille JP et al.; Based on four typical cases of tuberculous trochanteritis, the authors describe the clinical symptoms and signs, and radiological findings in this osteitis . An unusual feature of this affection is the usually slow progression of the anatomical changes, especially in vaccinated adults . Another peculiarity arises from the fact that this para-articular osteitis (which menaces the hip) is probably secondary to a bursitis of the gluteus medius . A history of tuberculosis infection facilitates the diagnosis, which must be confirmed by bacteriological or histological examinations before instituting medical treatment. Arzneimittelforschung, 1981, 31(2), 366 - 70 Multicenter comparative evaluation of netilmicin and gentamicin in adult patients . Efficacy and safety; Herting RL et al.; Netilmicin and gentamicin were compared in a multicenter clinical trial in 12 study locations . The two aminoglycosides were randomly assigned to hospitalized adult patients with systemic infections, and were administered by i.m . injection or slow i.v . infusion in divided doses generally calculated to deliver either 4-6.5 mg/kg per day of netilmicin, or 3-5 mg/kg per day of gentamicin . Lower dosages were given to patients with impaired renal function . Data from 210 patients receiving netilmicin and 212 receiving gentamicin were analyzed for efficacy . Favorable bacteriologic responses occurred in 95.5% (255/267) of the netilmicin-treated sites and in 90.1% (247/274) of the gentamicin-treated sites (p = 0.05) . Netilmicin eliminated or reduced 95.6% (283/296) of all pathogens isolated from all infection sites compared with 89.5% (289/323) for gentamicin (p = 0.012) . Favorable clinical responses were observed in 94.2% (275/292) of the netilmicin-treated patients and 89.5% (289/323) of the gentamicin-treated patients . Data from 377 netilmicin-treated patients and 378 gentamicin-treated patients were analyzed for safety . Evidence of nephrotoxicity probably related to treatment was observed in 8 of the netilmicin-treated patients and 14 of the gentamicin-treated patients . Audiometrically documented hearing loss probably related to treatment was observed in one gentamicin-treated patient . In one netilmicin-treated patient there were transient auditory and vestibular effects . Local tolerance to parenteral administration of the two drugs was excellent. Nahrung, 1981, 25(5), 435 - 40 Detection and enumeration of stressed coliforms; Leela RK et al.; Different pretreatments were tried to recover Escherichia coli from food system and bacteriological diluents following freezing and thawing . The sublethally injured cells were found to repair their injury and start growing by resuscitating for 1 h in a non-nutrient medium at 37 degrees C . Longer periods did not give any improvement . Five media were studied for their recovery . Amongst the complex media, Eosine methylene blue agar was found to give maximum recovery . The organisms grew well on minimal medium also . Addition of vitamins and amino acids in the minimal medium did not show any increase in recovery . The results indicate that to detect index organisms such as E . coli from frozen systems, resuscitation in a non nutrient environment for at least 1 h necessary. Zentralbl Bakteriol A, 1981, 249(2), 162 - 71 {An approach to bacteriological taxonomy by application of Immanuel Kant's transcendental dialectics (author's transl)}; Habs H; After having altered the name of International Committee for Bacteriological Nomenclature in International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology in 1970, the latter will also have to reflect upon the objects of taxonomy . An approach thereto is recognizable in the revision of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria in 1975 . Considerations are being made whether a classification of bacteria does justice to the laws of homogenicity, specification and continuity as laid down by Kant in his transcendental dialectic . Most important of all are definition and determination of the taxon species . As far as contents go the latter is not possible from the biological point of view but applicable to its range in application of the regulations of the code . Within the priorities of taxa the species adopts a preferential position because conceptions of applied bacteriology are contained therein . The variety of infra-subspecific subdivisions is taken into consideration; as far as the formae speciales are concerned considerations as made with regard to species apply. Pharmatherapeutica, 1981, 2(8), 499 - 503 Prospective double-blind controlled clinical study of sisomicin versus tobramycin; Schieker KR et al.; A double-blind controlled trial was carried out to compare the efficacy of sisomicin and tobramycin in the treatment of 55 hospitalized patients with serious systemic infections, mostly intra-abdominal or soft-tissue infections . Each drug was administered intramuscularly or intravenously at a dosage of 2.5 to 4.0 mg/kg per day for between 5 and 21 days . At the end of treatment, 22 (79%) of 28 sisomicin-treated patients and 15 (72%) of 21 tobramycin-treated patients were assessed, on the basis of clinical and bacteriological response, as cured or partially cured . Sisomicin was superior in the treatment of Escherichia coli infections . Local tolerance to both drugs was good . The incidence of systemic adverse reactions was low, fewer cases occurring in the sisomicin treatment group than in the tobramycin treatment group. Arch Exp Veterinarmed, 1981, 35(2), 259 - 76 {Monitoring of udder health by quarterwise measurement of initial milking samples for electric conductivity--results of serial examinations of individual animals and herds}; Mielke H et al.; More than 400 cows were involved in three experimental series in which quarterwise measurement was applied continuously, even daly in a number of instances, to initial milking samples, with the view to establishing the electric conductivity of the milk . Electric cell count determination, high-speed mastitis tests, clinical examination of udders and secretions, and bacteriological milk tests were complementarily conducted . The major purpose of the effort was to find out whether milk conductivity measurement would be helpful in detecting subclinical mastitis . Conductivity measurement, in addition to being in fair agreement with milk cell count data, proved to be suitable an approach to high-continuity monitoring of udder condition, with no disruption of the production process being required . Specification of limit values and diagnostic value of differences between quarter milking data from one and the same udder were additional subjects of this study. J Immunol Methods, 1981, 42(2), 195 - 201 Thermal gradients in microtitration plates . Effects on enzyme-linked immunoassay; Oliver DG et al.; Temperature studies of microtitration plates demonstrate that the use of a common bacteriology incubator for heating the plates can cause a phase log of over 30 min for the fluid in the wells to reach 37 degrees C from ambient temperature, and that a temperature gradient of as much as 1.6 degree C can exist between the peripheral and center wells . This gradient is a cause of the "rim" of edge effect noted in enzyme immunoassay using microtitration plates . The problem is corrected by the use of a specially designed forced air microtitration plate incubator. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac, 1981, 82(6), 333 - 8 {About five cases of cervico-facial actinomycosis (author's transl)}; Baize G et al.; Concerning five observations of cervico-facial actinomycosis in two hospital wards, the authors recall that this pathology, although rare, still exists . It appears as a chronic cellulitis, usually occurring among subjects lacking in dental hygiene . The authors insist on the necessity of asking for a bacteriological test by taking a sample of pus with a pipette to look for the responsible actinomyces . The cure consists in the extracting of the teeth concerned, the removal of the necrosed tissues, a drainage, and an antibiotic treatment based on high doses of Penicilline for about three months. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 1981 Jan, 51(1), 74 - 85 Tissue-irritation potential of dilute formocresol; Gazi HA et al.; Bacteriologic studies indicate that 50 percent formocresol in propylene glycol is an efficient bactericide . The tissue-irritation potential of this concentration was evaluated in rats . Assessment of the subcutaneous connective tissue reactions to 50 percent formocresol, 100 percent formocresol, and normal saline solution (as a control) indicates that formocresol, when diluted with propylene glycol, is significantly less irritating to the subcutaneous connective tissue of rats . The atraumatic implantation technique also seems to influence significantly the intensity of tissue reaction . Dilute formocresol deserves further study to evaluate its use in clinical endodontics. Clin Chest Med, 1981 Jan, 2(1), 51 - 7 Peri-emphysematous lung infection; Mahler DA et al.; The difficulty in classifying pulmonary infection within areas of bullous emphysema may have contributed to the lack of appreciation of this entity . This process is important to recognize because: (1) the clinical picture is usually benign:; (2) it may be confused with tuberculosis, fungal disease, and carcinoma of the lung; and (3) radiographic resolution may be slow . For these reasons, pneumonitis which occurs within emphysematous lung may have been previously considered as slowly resolving pneumonias . The development of air-fluid levels within bullae has been called "infected emphysematous bullae." We believe that this phrase is misleading since there are no bacteriologic data to support the presence of infection within the bullae containing fluid . In fact, direct sampling of intrabullous fluid has been rarely reported and, if obtained, has been generally negative for bacteria . Furthermore, the clinical course in our patients is alos not consistent with infection within a space . Once fiberoptic bronchoscopy has excluded an obstructing endobronchial lesion, the physician may patiently follow the anticipated gradual resolution . We suggest that the phrase, "periemphysematous lung infection" best describes these related clinical-radiological conditions. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg {B}, 1981, 173(3-4), 260 - 5 {Important hygienic aspects for swimming pools (author's transl)}; Somosi G; The major epidemics which occurred in Hungary and originated from water in swimming pools are reported . The difficulties encountered in producing epidemiological evidence and in monitoring infections originating from water in swimming pools are mentioned . The possibilities of controlling the water quality in swimming pools and of preventing infections are discussed . Reference is made to the existing bacteriological limit values in Hungary to be observed in the recirculation of water in swimming pools. Vet Med (Praha), 1981 Jan, 26(1), 49 - 57 {Quantitative cytological findings in mixed milk samples}; Pospisil M; In two cow-houses (fifty cows in each), 5851 udder-quarter samples were subjected to cytological examination (by the Coulter Counter electronic computer) and to bacteriological examination during a ten-month period; the cytological examination was also performed with 141 can milk samples . The mixed samples in which the number of cellular elements does not exceed the level of 500 thousand ml-1 do not indicate reliably whether the milk comes from healthy udder quarters or contains an admixture of secretion from the diseased quarters . A value of above 500 thousand cellular elements per ml in mixed samples only suggests that the milk probably contains more secretion from infected udder quarters . The number of cells in the mixed samples does not constitute a basis for the conclusion concerning the number of quarters with impaired secretion which contributed to the sample, because the number of cells in the mixed samples depends also on the degree of disease in the respective quarters . An amount up to 500 thousand cellular elements per ml in the mixed sample provides practically no useful and usable information on milk quality . If the number of cellular elements per ml is higher than 500 thousand, this information is only suitable for revealing the stables with a high occurrence of mastitis--it is just a signal, not a parameter of such a situation . It is from this aspect that all results should be evaluated at those places where only mixed samples can be examined. Med Pr, 1981, 32(5), 365 - 9 {Industrial dermatoses among the Bełthatów brown coal miners}; Ruszczak Z et al.; 443 subjects were examined, 235 applying to the physician due to the occurrence of skin dermatoses (group I) and 208 workers referred for periodic examinations (group II) . In group I skin dermatoses were found in 100, i.e . 85%, of the subjects and in group II in 99 i.e . 48% of the subjects . In both groups the most frequent dermatosis was feet skin inflammation, especially interdigital intertrigo . Oil acne was diagnosed in 15, ordinary acne in 23, pityriasis versicolor in 19 . erythrasma in 10, and eczema and contact dermatitis in 7 subjects of the first group and 3 subjects of the other group . 204 subjects with feet skin pathologies underwent mycologic examinations and 36 subjects--also bacteriologic examinations . The results of those studies indicate that in 23% of the subjects, feet interdigital intertrigo results from mycologic infections . Bacterial infections may contribute to etiopathogenesis . Imidazole compounds are useful for the treatment and prevention of interdigital intertrigo. Allerg Immunol (Leipz), 1981, 27(1), 28 - 34 Mycoflora in bronchial asthma; Obtulowicz K et al.; Examinations were done in 22 patients suffering from bronchial asthma and 10 patients with acute respiratory infection (control group) . In all cases quantitative mycological and bacteriological sputum tests, mycoserological tests and cutaneous tests were performed . Presence of C . albicans was evident in 90% of sputum from asthmatics with proliferation in 45% of cases (10(4) or more of yeast cells/ml of sputum) . The proliferation of the mould fungi in the sputum was not observed . Allergization with C . albicans was encountered in 25% of asthmatics and allergization with mould fungi in 36% of them . Mycoserological tests were reliable when the autoantigens of the patients flora were used . The studies of the control group call attention to possible accompanying acute invasions of C . albicans in the early days of primary acute respiratory tract infection. Microbiol Immunol, 1981, 25(8), 827 - 35 Phenotypic change of an SV40-transformed mouse macrophage line, BB-W-531-2 induced by different cultural methods; Takayama H et al.; A simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed macrophage clone which was established from BALB/cAnN mouse bone marrow cells was used to study the effect of different cultural conditions on the expression of macrophage properties . The macrophage clone, BB-W-531-2 line, expressed and maintained the macrophage properties, immune phagocytosis of Fc- and complement receptors, under the growth-inhibiting conditions of confluent density and of cultivation on bacteriologic dishes with reduced adhesiveness . However, the cells lost their ability to express the macrophage properties dependent upon cell density after repeated culture splits in the growing phase . These cells regained that ability when they were cocultured with cells having macrophage properties . These results suggest that there is a possible correlation between reduced multiplication and the expression of macrophage properties, and that macrophage properties which have been suppressed or blocked may be induced by diffusible factor(s) produced by macrophages. Leber Magen Darm, 1981 Jan, 11(1), 25 - 30 {Diagnostic value of laboratory examination of ascites fluid (author's transl)}; Wordehoff D; Measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose and protein was performed in ascites fluid of 44 patients in addition to bacteriological and cytological examinations . In patients with cirrhosis of the liver protein content of ascites was low, LDH normal, and the ascites/serum ratio of glucose concentration was higher than 1 . These values were statistically significant different from the values in patients with tumorous or inflammatory disease of the peritoneum - protein and LDH in the ascites fluid being high and the ascites/serum ratio of glucose concentration being below 1 . Cirrhosis however and tumors of the liver could not be differentiated by this method . Ascites from patients with cardiac failure had high protein content . In patients with liver cirrhosis high concentrations of protein in ascitic fluid may mean possibly a better survival time. Ann Anesthesiol Fr, 1981, 22(2), 212 - 8 {Kinetics of multiple-dose amikacin in the newborn infant}; Olivesi A et al.; A pharmacokinetic study of amikacin was carried out in 12 neonates hospitalized in the intensive care unit . Serum amikacin levels were measured using a bacteriological method after one of several intramuscular injections of 7.5 micrograms/kg . Serum levels were greater than 10 micrograms/ml during the first three hours in 11 cases with values greater than or equal to 30 micrograms/ml . during the first two hours in five cases . The half life was measured in five patients and varied between three and eight hours . The plasma clearance was between 8.9 and 14 mil per minute per 1.73 m2 . There is an unpredictable accumulation of this antibiotic especially in premature babies aged less than five days with a birth weight less than two kg . This accumulation is transitory when the clinical evolution of the case is favorable but it can be prolonged in unfavorable cases . The elimination of amikacin depends mainly on a patient's renal function . So, because of the risk of ototoxicity, the dosage should be reduced to 10 mg per kg-1 per 24 h-1, with measurements of the serum peak level and the level just before the following injection. Nouv Presse Med, 1980 Dec 6, 9(46), 3531 - 3 {Legionnaire's disease contracted in Brussels . One case (author's transl)}; Pepersack F et al.; A 71-year-old patient living in a street where major road works were taking place developed diffuse bronchopneumonia with changes in hepatic and renal biochemical tests . Since neutrophilia was moderate and all bacteriological investigations were negative, the patient was given erythromycin and was tested for antibodies directed against Legionella pneumophila . The titers of these antibodies rose from 32 to 2048 after one month . The patient was cured. J Pediatr Surg, 1980 Dec, 15(6), 811 - 6 Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage after hepatic portoenterostomy for biliary atresia; Kimura K et al.; During the past 12 mo, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) was carried out in 9 infants (12 procedures) who had undergone hepatic portoenterostomy (8) and hepatic portocholecystostomy (1) for biliary atresia . Bile excretion following surgery was observed in all infants . In all patients, cholangiogram at the initiation of PTCD was successful in visualizing the intrahepatic biliary system . PTCD was achieved in 5 infants (9 procedures) . In infants with cholangitis, cultures of the intrahepatic bile were positive for enteric flora . Direct administration of antibiotics via the PTCD catheter into the bile ducts was transiently effective in the management of cholangitis . In one patient, it was observed that continuous PTCD over three weeks was effective in reducing serum bilirubin by relief of cholestasis . This technique is useful for: (1) demonstration of the reconstructed biliary system, (2) collection of bile from the intrahepatic biliary system for biochemical and bacteriologic studies, (3) direct administration of antibiotics to the bile ducts for cholangitis and (4) decompression of the intrahepatic system and relief of biliary stasis. Arch Dis Child, 1980 Dec, 55(12), 953 - 7 Acute haematogenous osteitis; Anderson JR et al.; During a 10-year period 217 cases of acute haematogenous osteitis were treated . In 131 patients the diagnosis was confirmed either radiologically or bacteriologically, but in the other 86 the diagnosis was based on clinical examination . Either cloxacillin or lincomycin proved to be effective if given before bacteriological diagnosis . Frequent clinical examination, assessing both local signs and the child's general state, will decide which child requires surgery (which should be reserved for the toxic child, the child with concomitant medical disorders lowering host resistance, and the child who does not respond to, or has a lesion which flares up after, initial conservative treatment) . Constant vigilance is required by clinicians looking after children with this disease in order to reduce the disabling long-term sequelae. Isr J Med Sci, 1980 Dec, 16(12), 853 - 5 Tuberculosis of the subdeltoid bursa . A case report; Alkalay I et al.; The 10th reported case of tuberculosis of the subdeltoid bursa is described . A 45-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 30-year clinical history of subdeltoid bursitis, with typical physical signs, but with normal X-rays of the shoulder-joint region and lungs . The diagnosis was made by needle aspiration and was later confirmed by bacteriologic and histological examination of the surgical specimen . Following surgery and chemotherapy, the patient has remained free of any active tuberculosis disease for the past five years. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 1980 Dec, 40(12), 1118 - 20 {Bacteriological examinations of liquid drawn from the pouch of Douglas (author's transl)}; Weisner D et al.; The article reports on bacteriological examinations of 510 samples of liquid drawn from the pouch of Douglas (excavatio rectouterina) during pelviscopy in patients not displaying any signs of inflammation . Bacterial populations were found in 270 samples (= 52.9%) . The results are subdivided according to aerobic and anaerobic types of pathogens and their incidence. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 1980 Dec, 40(12), 1052 - 8 {The risks of amniocentesis in the second trimester of pregnancy (author's transl)}; Meyenburg M et al.; The results of 552 amniocenteses during the second trimester of pregnancy are reported . The amniocentesis were carried out under direct ultra-sonographic control . Six abnormal karyotypes were found and the pregnancies were terminated . Three spontaneous abortions due to intra-uterine infection following amniocentesis occurred . There were no maternal complications and no fetal injuries . 430 amniotic fluids were tested bacteriologically . Two samples showed E-coli and two samples grew staph epidermidis . The IGM values of 148 newborns with previous amniocentesis showed the same values as the IGM in newborns without amniocentesis during the pregnancy . Fetal monitoring prior and following the amniocentesis showed a temporary increase in uterine motility in 25% of the cases . Our observations and the review of the literature convinced us that complications of amniocentesis in the second trimester are rare . However, when complications occur the fetus and the pregnant woman are a serious risk . The fetal wastage caused by second trimester amniocentesis is approximately 0.5 to 1% . Therefore the patients must be informed about the risks very carefully prior to a second trimester amniocentesis. Postgrad Med J, 1980 Dec, 56(662), 823 - 7 Epidermal cysts - a clinicopathological and biochemical study; Chandrasekaran V et al.; The findings of a clinicopathological and biochemical study of epidermal cysts and a review of the relevant literature are presented . A punctum was found in 40% of 34 epidermal cysts that were studied in detail . The findings of the histological study were in favour of the punctum being the orifice of an obstructed hair follicle from which at least a proportion of the epidermal cysts are likely to develop . The biochemical analysis of the contents of the cysts revealed a very low protein and lipid content, thus ruling out any "sebaceous' contribution . Bacteriological study of clinically inflamed cysts showed that inflammation in these lesions was usually aseptic unless there was a communication between the cyst cavity and the exterior. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 1980 Dec, 48(4), 397 - 401 Prevalence of secondary dapsone resistance in Gudiyattam Taluk, the leprosy control area of the Schieffelin Leprosy Research and Training Centre, Karigiri . 1 . Preliminary report; Balraj V et al.; A preliminary study of the prevalence rate of secondary dapsone resistance among leprosy patients in Gudiyattam Taluk, Tamil Nadu, was undertaken . During the period March 1978 to February 1979, there were 1580 lepromatous and borderline lepromatous patients considered to be at risk of developing secondary resistance . Of them, 1431 were examined clinically, and reactivation and/or relapse was found in 114 patients . Of these, 46 had a bacteriological index of 2,000 and more . Skin biopsies were taken from 26 patients for mouse foot pad studies . Resistance to dapsone at the highest drug concentration was found in 22 and partial resistance in two patients . The organisms from two patients were sensitive to dapsone . Twenty patients were not biopsied because they had been absent from treatment for significant periods of time . These patients are now under observation . Prior to this study, nine patients had been confirmed to have dapsone resistance in the control area, and during the present study 24 additional patients with secondary resistance have so far been detected . Thus 33 patients with dapsone resistance among the 1431 patients examined yields a crude prevalence rate of 2.3% in Gudiyattam Taluk. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1980 Dec 1, 138(7 Pt 2), 1059 - 63 Pelvic inflammatory disease and puerperal sepsis in Ethiopia . II . Treatment; Duncan ME et al.; PIP: Where bacteriologic support is lacking, a combination of (P/S) penicillin and streptomycin is used empirically to treat serious gynecolgoic infections in Ethiopia . We compared the efficacy of P/S to a combination of (P/C) penicillin and chloramphenicol in hospitalized women who had bacteriologically confirmed (PID) pelvic inflammatory disease or (PPS) puerperal sepsis . Treatment of PPS with P/C was significantly more effective in limiting the duration of fever than was treatment with P/S . 20 of the 40 PPS patients had endometritis with retained products of conception which required evacuation of the uterus . The duration of fever in patients with PID who were treated with the P/C regimen was no different than that in those treated with P/S . 20 of the 24 PID patients required surgery for drainage of abscesses, in addition to antibiotics . J Clin Microbiol, 1980 Dec, 12(6), 753 - 60 Evaluation of a radial immunodiffusion test with polysaccharide B antigen for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis; Jones LM et al.; A radial immunodiffusion (RID) test employing a polysaccharide antigen (poly B) was compared with tests currently used in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis . Over 1,000 sera from vaccinated and infected cattle, all of which had been examined bacteriologically, were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the RID, card, Rivanol, and complement fixation tests . The RID test identified 90% of the cattle that were shedding Brucella in their milk . Although the complement fixation test was more sensitive, it was less specific than the RID test in cattle vaccinated as adults with Brucella abortus strain 19 . A sensitive screening test, such as the card test, in combination with the RID test could be used in diagnostic laboratories, or even in the field, with little additional expense or technical expertise . An additional advantage is that the RID could be applied to sera from adult cattle as early as 2 months after vaccination, when postvaccinal agglutinins and complement-fixing antibodies may still be present . The indirect hemolytic test was used with some of the sera and was found to be a very sensitive test which could be useful in areas of low incidence but would not be practical for large-scale testing in adult-vaccinated herds. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek, 1980 Dec, 125(12), 48 - 51 {Complex assessment of bile duct anastomoses}; Vitebskii IaD et al.; Under study were the remote results of choledochoduodenostomy performed by convenient surgical methods and after valvular biliary-intestinal anastomoses by roentgenological fibroduodenoscopic, bacteriological investigations . The valvular anastomoses were shown to have evident advantages . The combination of valvular anastomoses with the correction of disturbed duodenal permeability, if they had been revealed before the operation, was found to be a preferable method . The data are based on the remote results in 80 patients in the terms from 1 to 19 years. J Adolesc Health Care, 1980 Dec, 1(2), 96 - 100 Laparoscopy for presumed nonacute salpingitis: a new look at an old problem; Hein K et al.; The increased prevalence of venereal disease among adolescents has resulted in a rise in nonacute salpingitis . Laparoscopy was evaluated as an aid in the diagnosis and treatment of presumed nonacute salpingitis in 29 adolescents . The patients had a mean duration of symptoms of 5.5 months, 50% had a recent history of discharge and/or bilateral pelvic pain, and on examination 50% had pain on motion of the cervix, 75% had adnexal tenderness, and 50% had a palpable adnexal fullness or mass . Anatomic findings at laparoscopy included normal pelvic structures in 8, active salpingitis in 13 and nonacute disease in 8 . The anaerobic, aerobic, and viral peritoneal cultures obtained at laparascopy from 22 patients resulted in no growth in 18 . The four with positive cultures had one organism identified in three cases and two organisms in one case . Anatomic findings were more helpful in diagnosis than the bacteriologic analysis, and our results suggest that laparoscopy increases diagnostic accuracy in the management of presumed nonacute salpingitis. J Clin Pathol, 1980 Dec, 33(12), 1184 - 8 Electron microscopic evidence of flagella and pili on Legionella pneumophila; Rodgers FG et al.; Twenty-one strains of Legionella pneumophila, representing the six known serotypes of the organism, cultured on various bacteriological media and in the yolk sacs of fertile hens' eggs were examined by negative stain electron microscopy for flagella and pili . These appendages were usually observed after cultivation on media capable of inducing an early profuse growth of the organisms. JAMA, 1980 Nov 28, 244(21), 2427 - 9 Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in bacteriologic assessment of lower respiratory tract secretions . Importance of microscopic examination; Flatauer FE et al.; Use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy to acquire pulmonary secretions has been shown to yield unreliable bacterial cultures . However, microscopic examination of such material has received little attention . In this study, 69 bronchoscopies were evaluated . Clinical assessment of the presence of a lower respiratory tract infection was made and cultures obtained . In addition, each specimen was analyzed with a Gram-stained smear . The Gram-stained smears of these specimens correlated extremely well with the clinical assessment . In 67 of the 69 cases, bronchoscopy yielded material whose Gram-stained smear accurately reflected the presence or absence of a pyogenic infection . In patients with lower respiratory tract infections, the smear also predicted the likely category of the causative organism . This study suggests that microscopic examination of lower respiratory tract secretions helps make fiberoptic bronchoscopy a potentially useful alternative in the evaluation of bacterial lung infections. Fortschr Med, 1980 Nov 13, 98(42), 1667 - 70 {Therapy of surgical infections with dibekacin . Pharmacokinetic, clinical and bacteriological results}; Sievers U et al.; Applicability, effect and toleration of dibekacin (Orbicin) were tested in pharmacokinetic, clinical and bacteriological studies treating 29 patients with severe surgical illnesses and 10 healthy volunteers as control group . The pharmacokinetic test results and the efficacy with severe infections showed dibekacin to be equivalent to the new aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamycin, sisomicin and tobramycin . Resistance was sporadic and severe side effects did not occur . Dibekacin proved itself to be a new alternative when aminoglycoside antibiotics are indicated HNO, 1980 Nov, 28(11), 368 - 75 {Middle ear tuberculosis (author's transl)}; Escher F et al.; With the decrease in tuberculosis in general that of the middle ear has become a rarity, such that it is almost unknown to the younger generation of doctors . Nevertheless one must consider this diagnosis in all relapsing and treatment-resistant inflammations of the middle ear, especially when tympanoplasty procedures have been unsuccessful . Bacteriological findings are less reliable than histological proof and therefore examination of granulation tissue is always indicated . A precise history into earlier tuberculosis is important, since the disease is mostly disseminated haematologically . Two clinical examples with pathological descriptions are presented . In the first case fresh exudative disease similar to that of tubotympanitis occurred and quickly passed on to a chronic destructive middle ear inflammatory process . One year previously the patient had pleurisy . A complete cure followed surgery and antituberculosis therapy . In the second case a chronic proliferative and destructive inflammatory process was present with obviously less favourable reparative properties since two tympanoplasties were ineffectively performed. Arch Dis Child, 1980 Nov, 55(11), 898 - 9 Does discarding the first few millilitres of breast milk improve the bacteriological quality of bank breast milk? Carroll L, Osman M, Davies DP. The bacteriology of 20 paired samples of breast milk was analysed to find out if discarding the first few millilitres would reduce the amount of bacterial contamination in breast milk donated to a hospital milk bank . The first sample was the initial 2-3 ml collected from the opposite breast to that first suckled by the baby, and the second was a midstream sample from the same breast . There was no significant difference in the colony counts between the paired samples, and in no instance did the bacterial flora of the second sample differ from that of the first. Acta Paediatr Scand, 1980 Nov, 69(6), 723 - 9 Respiratory syncytial virus infections in Oslo 1972--1978 . II . Clinical and laboratory studies; Carlsen KH et al.; Patient records from 422 children admitted to hospital during 6 winter outbreaks of RSV infection were examined retrospectively . Bronchiolitis (255 patients) and pneumonia (98 patients) were the most common diagnoses . Otitis media (76 patients) occurred as a complication to these conditions . Children at risk for contracting severe illness caused by RSV were infants below the age of one year, more often boys than girls . Of the children older than two years, 32% had already been diagnosed as asthmatics . Children with otitis media had more often positive bacteriological findings from nasopharyngeal swabs than children with bronchiolitis only . No such significant difference was found between patients with bronchiolitis and pneumonia . Rapid virus diagnosis by immunofluorescence led to a decreasing utilisation of antibiotics in patients with bronchiolitis and to a shorter stay in hospital . The value of antibiotics in these infections is discussed. Mech Ageing Dev, 1980 Nov-Dec, 14(3-4), 333 - 43 Genetic and environmental influences on lifespan and diseases in Han:Wistar rats; Deerberg F et al.; In a longevity study with SPF rats of the Han:Wistar outbred stock, 320 virgin males and 320 virgin females of marked littermates were maintained in a barrier-type animal house under highly standardized conditions from weaning until their natural end of life . Diseased and dead animals were sectioned and examined using histological, bacteriological and virological methods . The mortality of the rats is low up to the 18th month of life . Thereafter the mortality graph inclines steadily . The course of the graph is determined by very few diseases only, such as pituitary adenomas in both sexes, adenocarcinomas of the uterine glands in the females, and in the third and fourth year nephropathies in the males . Because of the high number of adenocarcinomas of the uterine glands the median life expectancy is between 30 and 33 months for the females, somewhat lower than between the 33rd and the 36th months for the males . The disease spectrum consists generally of tumor lesions, but out of the large tumor spectrum only single alterations exceed the 5% border . As shown by analysis of variance and estimation of the heritability coefficients (h2), mortality and the most important tumorous lesions underlie high genetic effects . The cage environments are found to have no influence upon mortality and diseases . Under the given standardized environmental conditions, the present results can be looked upon--because of the strong genetic effects on mortality and diseases - to be representative for correspondingly selected populations of future generations of the Han:Wistar stock. Can J Microbiol, 1980 Nov, 26(11), 1366 - 9 An estuarine agar medium for enumeration of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria associated with water, sediment, and shellfish; Weiner RM et al.; A plate count agar was formulated for use in bacteriological analysis of estuarine samples and was tested together with standard plate count agar and an estuarine salts yeast extract agar for growth of aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria in water, sediment, and oysters . The estuarine agar was found to be efficient for enumerating aerobic, heterotrophic bacterial populations of water, sediment, and oysters, and is recommended for plate counts of estuarine samples. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1980 Nov, 40(5), 883 - 7 Proficiency test sample media for single and mixed pure cultures of water pollution indicator bacteria; Toombs RW et al.; Two transport media, NYSDH-1 and NYSDH-2, were developed for use in a split bacteriological water sample program . The media maintained 88% viability of inoculated organisms for at least 48 h, and the samples do not require special handling or reconstitution . Procedures for preparing and shipping the samples to participating laboratories were developed . A reference set of samples was analyzed in laboratories certified by either New York State or the Environmental Protection Agency . A statistical analysis was performed, and the results indicate that the media are suitable for integration into a laboratory quality control program. Vet Med (Praha), 1980 Nov, 25(11), 669 - 73 {Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from bull ejaculate}; Travnicek M et al.; During the repeated serological examination (RVK) in five breeding bulls the positive levels of antibodies to Chlamydia psittaci in titre 1 : 128 were found . In the isolation experiments the pelleted ejaculates deposited in liquid nitrogen were used . The isolation of Chlamydia psittaci on yolk sacs of chicken embryos was positive in two breeding bulls . The isolated strains are labelled GN-33 and OK-107 . The serological examination of blood samples was in all five breeding bulls negative on brucellosis (BAB), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and coxiellosis and positive on PI-3 . Bacteriological examination of spermatic fluid proved only sporadic contamination with moulds and saprophytic bacteria. Med Clin (Barc), 1980 Oct 25, 75(7), 296 - 300 {Use of antibiotics in a general hospital (author's transl)}; Escolar A et al.; The utilization of antibiotics at a general hospital has been assessed by retrospectively studying the clinical histories of all patients admitted during the month of April 1978 to the Residencia General de la Ciudad Sanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (Murcia, Spain) . Medical records were reviewed according to a preestablished protocol . Out of 1.057 patients admitted antibiotics were used in 419 (46%), of whom 189 belonged to the medical services and 302 to the surgical ones . Overall, the surgical services utilized more antibiotics and had less bacteriologic data on their patients . Antibiotics more utilized were ampicillin, which use was generally correct, followed by gentamicin, the G-penicillins, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol . Undesirable side-effects of antibiotic treatment were found in 13 cases (2,6%) . Infectious disease of bacterial origin was correctly diagnosed in 40% of the cases, while the diagnosis was doubtful or incorrect in the remaining 60% of cases treated with antibiotics . Appropriate bacteriological data were obtained only in 164 cases (33,4%), with positive results in 75 (49,9%) . Independent antibiotics were given in association in 157 cases (31,9%) . From this study it can be concluded that the more frequent causes of improper antibiotic utilization were the incorrect clinical diagnosis of bacterial infectious disease, the prophylactic use of antibiotics and the scarcity of bacteriological data . It is therefore suggested that systems of supervision of in-hospital antibiotic prescription be updated and continuous education programs for hospital staff be instituted. Lepr India, 1980 Oct, 52(4), 508 - 12 A bacteriological and histopathological study of apparently normal skin in lepromatous leprosy; Katoch VM et al.; A comparative study of clinically affected and apparently uninvolved skin in lepromatous patients has been undertaken in 22 cases . Parameters studied include skin smears for bacillary Index; bacillary load/gm of tissue and histopathological comparison of granuloma fraction and biopsy index . The results showed that the clinically unaffected sites have a lower bacillary index and lesser bacterial load . Histologically the granulomas were smaller and biopsy index was lower in uninvolved areas . The possible reasons for this comparative less involvement are discussed. Lepr India, 1980 Oct, 52(4), 501 - 7 Serum lysozyme in leprosy; Naik SS et al.; Serum lysozyme was assessed in 43 healthy subjects and 183 leprosy patients . Significantly elevated level of lysozyme was observed in sera of leprosy patients as compared to normal individuals . The enzyme levels in leprosy of different types showed elevations in following order, Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) greater than Lepromatous greater than Borderline greater than Tuberculoid . Enzyme levels in patients with inactive stage were lower than in untreated patients . The serum lysozyme level correlated well with the activity disease in leprosy--clinically and bacteriologically . Thus the estimation of serum lysozyme can be used as one of the parameters of activity of the disease. Gut, 1980 Oct, 21(10), 851 - 4 Bacteriological and endotoxin studies in cases of ulcerative colitis submitted to surgery; Palmer KR et al.; Culture for bacteria and assays for endotoxin were performed on specimens of mesenteric and peripheral venous blood from eight patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent surgery for severe uncontrolled disease . No significant bacteraemia occurred in either portal or systemic blood . Systemic endotoxaemia developed in three patients during surgery but occurred before bowel mobilisation only in the one patient whose colitis was complicated by hyposplenism . Mesenteric endotoxaemia occurred in only three patients before bowel mobilisation, but was detected during surgery in two of the three patients who developed systemic endotoxaemia . We conclude that, contrary to earlier reports, portal bacteraemia must be infrequent in ulcerative colitis . Systemic endotoxaemia does, however, occur in a significant proportion of cases during colectomy . Although in the patients studied this led to no clinical problems, it is likely to have been the precipitating factor for the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) that we have previously observed after colectomy in some of our patients with hyposplenism secondary to inflammatory bowel disease. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 1980 Oct, 4(5), 639 - 41 Computed tomography of psoas abscesses; Jeffrey RB et al.; Nine surgically proven cases of pyogenic psoas abscesses are presented . The most common finding on computed tomography was diffuse enlargement of the psoas with a central low density area corresponding to an abcess cavity . This was noted in seven patients . The anatomy of the psoas muscle and retrofascial area is discussed, as well as the changing etiology and bacteriology of psoas abscesses. Gastroenterology, 1980 Oct, 79(4), 731 - 6 Cronkhite-Canada syndrome: report of a case with bacteriologic, immunologic, and electron microscopic studies; Ali M et al.; A case of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome is presented . The patient developed protein-losing enteropathy, generalized gastrointestional polyposis, skin pigmentation, onychodystrophy, and alopecia . This patient also exhibited certain unusual features such as: fluctuating dermal manifestations, sclerodermalike skin changes, elevated levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, retinal detachment, cataracts, and cerebellar atrophy . Bacteriologic studies of small intestinal fluid, chromosomal analysis, immunologic investigations, and morphologic studies failed to provide any etiologic clues. Reproduccion, 1980 Oct-Dec, 4(4), 301 - 7 The endometrial bacterial flora following insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device; Kamar R et al.; Bacteriological cultures of material were collected from the endometrium and cervix of 150 women using the IUD, 75 control women and transfundally from 20 uteri of women who had undergone abdominal hysterectomy . The results show that the IUD does not alter the endometrial flora unless it is left in situ for a period exceeding two years . The transfundal cultures yielded the lowest positive cultures . The relationship of positive culture to the cycle and the period of insertion of IUD is discussed. Arch Dis Child, 1980 Oct, 55(10), 795 - 9 Unreliability of the Mantoux test using 1 TU PPD in excluding childhood tuberculosis in Papua New Guinea; Murtagh K; 139 children with bacteriological or histological proof of active tuberculosis were given the Mantoux tuberculin test while they were inpatients at Port Moresby General Hospital . Only half (70) of the children had positive results (induration of at least 5 mm) . Of the 35 children under 2 years, 25 (71%) showed no reaction whatsoever . Malnutrition, assessed by weight for age, did not appear to influence the response although nearly all children under 5 weighed less than the Harvard mean . Previous BCG immunisation had no significant effect on the reaction to tuberculin . General debility, recent measles, treatment with corticosteroids, or early stage of illness may account for some negative reactions, but whatever the cause, the high proportion of negative results means that the tuberculin test as currently practised in Papua New Guinea cannot be relied on to exclude active tuberculosis in children. Minerva Anestesiol, 1980 Oct, 46(10), 1117 - 21 {Septic complications, due to the catheter, in parenteral nutrition and continuous peridural anesthetic block . Cases from an intensive care center}; Sinatra A et al.; The results of the bacteriologic studies carried out on 192 catheters used for parenteral nutrition and continuous peridural block on 98 patients are reported together with the incidence of infections . The reported data emphasize the importance of the sterile precautions while no correlation seems to exist between the bacterial contamination and the length of stay of the catheter. Can J Comp Med, 1980 Oct, 44(4), 366 - 73 An investigation of the etiology of Brucella abortus singleton reactors; Dukes TW et al.; Single animals in a herd that react serologically to Brucella abortus for no apparent reason are a problem . A number of such reactors from Ontario and Quebec were gathered for extensive clinical, serological, pathological and bacteriological examination in an attempt to investigate the etiology of these single serological reactions . While a variety of pathological changes were found, there was no apparent correlation to the serological, clinical or bacteriological findings. J Pharm Pharmacol, 1980 Oct, 32(10), 675 - 7 Dissolution rates of sulfamethoxazole utilizing sugar glass dispersions; Ghanem A et al.; Solid glass dispersions of sulfamethoxazole have been prepared by fusion using different classes of sugars, A marked increase in the dissolution rate of sulfamethoxazole in the solid dispersions was observed compared with that of the drug alone . During the fusion process, interaction took place between sulfamethoxazole and those sugars with carbonyl groups . The bacteriological activity of sulfamethoxazole was not changed by the interaction compared with dispersions in which the interaction did not occur. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd, 1980 Sep 15, 105(18), 787 - 91 {Bird mortality and monitoring the environment (author's transl)}; Smit T; Birds are useful parameters in studying toxicological contamination of the environment . Birds can be heard and seen, breeding results and feeding patterns being recorded on a rather extensive scale in the Netherlands . Since 1974, a working party was constituted to study normal and abnormal death of birds . This group consists of members of ornithological and veterinary institutes as well as local field workers, bird revalidation centres and bird preservation and protection groups . In 1979, approximately 2,000 birds were available for post-mortem and bacteriological, virological and toxicological studies . The cases of poisoning were classified into acute and chronic, accidental and crop-protecting effects . In the Laboratory of the Central Veterinary Institute, Poultry Department, the birds suspected of poisoning are screened by a biological-toxicological standard method using Lebistes and Daphnia . Pseudo-poisoning is caused in nature by Pasteurellosis, accidents, etc . Investigations are restricted by predation, the likelihood of finding of dead birds and retention of dead birds of prey for taxidermy . Acute poisoning in the Netherlands is mostly associated with protection of crops, nuisance caused by pigeons and other birds in gardens . Some cases of poisoning are due to quarrels between neighbours and people who poison game-birds out of revenge . Chronic poisoning is caused by metals such as lead pellets from cartridges . Chronic and acute poisoning continue to occur as a result of illegal use of prohibited insecticides. Anaesthesist, 1980 Sep, 29(9), 513 - 6 {A new device: the H.R.P.-bronchial-secretions-guard (author's transl)}; Lang VO; Expectoration of bacterially contaminated mucus during bronchial toilet of artificially ventilated patients can be controlled avoiding heavy contamination of intensive care staff, patients and surroundings . By the use of the Bronchial-Secretions-Guard in combination with the H.R.P.-System 2000, the problems of optimal liquidity of bronchial mucus thus avoiding rinsing with saline as well as "bagging" without further devices are solved in regard to bacteriology and hygiene . By the use of this setup a reduction of hospital infections in adult patients of the intensive care unit can be expected in a similar way as reported in a early study on premature and newborn babies ventilated only by the H.R.P.-System 2000. Am J Epidemiol, 1980 Sep, 112(3), 341 - 51 Non-respiratory tuberculosis in Canada . Epidemiologic and bacteriologic features; Enarson DA et al.; Of the total cases of tuberculosis reported in Canada between 1970-1974, approximately one-sixth (3671 cases) involved primarily non-respiratory organs . Common diagnostic entities were genitourinary tuberculosis (1516 cases), lymphadenitis (1083 cases), bone and joint tuberculosis (555 cases), gastrointestinal tuberculosis (155 cases) and meningitis (138 cases) . The remainder (224 cases) involved a wide variety of organs . Between 1967 and 1977 the morbidity rates of most non-respiratory manifestations steadily declined, the decline in meningitis being particularly marked . In contrast, lymphadenitis did not decline to the same extent, reflecting changing immigration patterns . The major diagnostic entities differed in their age and sex patterns and in their contribution to total cases by birthplace and ethnic group . In particular, the preponderance of lymphadenitis in females, and in the Asian-born was striking . Mycobacterium bovis was isolated infrequently and bacillary resistance to antituberculosis drugs was also uncommon . In a substantial proportion of cases, active tuberculosis was present concurrently at another site, or there was historical or radiologic evidence of previous active tuberculosis . Despite this additional evidence, delay and failure of diagnosis were common . An increased clinical awareness of tuberculosis is required, particularly in view of the often enigmatic presentation of non-respiratory disease. Trop Geogr Med, 1980 Sep, 32(3), 256 - 8 A natural focus of infection with leptospires of the serovar lora in Bulgaria; Manev C et al.; A natural focus of infection with leptospira serovar lora (Australis serogroup) was discovered in the Tundga River Valley, South Bulgaria . 1 672 micromammals belonging to seven species were investigated . Serologically and bacteriologically a high incidence of infection was established. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino), 1980 Sep-Oct, 21(5), 625 - 7 Spontaneous healing of mycotic aortic aneurysms; Johansen K et al.; A 55-year-old man had excision of two mycotic infrarenal aortic aneurysms five months after a severe, prolonged bacteremia . At the time of aortic surgery he was asymptomatic and had sterile blood cultures, and the resected aortic specimen demonstrated no organism on bacteriologic or histologic examination . Though these lesions may sporadically heal, their generally inexorable progression toward rupture or disseminated sepsis, and their usual unresponsiveness to antibiotics, dictates their removal in all cases. Z Ernahrungswiss, 1980 Sep, 19(3), 163 - 5 Boulti (Tilapia nilotica Linn.) fish paste . 2 . Bacteriological studies of the raw fish and the produced paste; el-Zanfaly HT et al.; Total viable bacterial count reached 10(9) per gram of raw fish . It was decreased to 10(7) in fish paste and increased to 10(8)-10(9) after storage at 2-4 degrees C for 5 weeks . It was observed that fish paste showed higher counts when preserved in polyethylene bags than in aluminum tubes. Poumon Coeur, 1980 Sep-Oct, 36(5), 309 - 12 {Tuberculosis or hepatic granulomatosis? (author's transl)}; Le Bihan G et al.; The authors report 43 observations of pulmonary or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, bacteriologically proved, in which liver biopsies revealed more or less complete granulomatous lesions . The culture of 29 liver fragments on Lowenstein and Colestos medium enabled the identification of the tuberculous bacillum in only one case . In the other cases the hepatic lesion has only been related to the tuberculosis because of the clinical and bacteriological context . Therefore, besides exceptional cases where Koch bacillum is revealed in the liver parenchyma, it seems that granulomatosis can be considered a control for the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the tuberculous antigens, and not to the tuberculous infection localized to liver. Am J Clin Pathol, 1980 Sep, 74(3), 319 - 23 The use of a radiometric technic for the rapid detection of contaminated tissue specimens from burned patients; Martinez OV et al.; The 14CO2-dependent BACTEC system for the detection of bacteria in fluid specimens was adapted for the semiquantitative bacteriologic screening of solid tissue samples from 33 burned patients . The radiometric system detected 87% of all specimens harboring > 10(5) organisms per gram of tissue and 100% of all heavily contaminated specimens (> 10(8) organisms per gram) within eight hours of incubation . The BACTEC radiometric system correlated well (98.1%) with conventional culture methods in the detection of all contaminated samples . No false-positive result was obtained from sterile tissue specimens. An Esp Pediatr, 1980 Aug, 13(8), 671 - 8 {Diagnostic value of C reactive protein in neonatal sepsis (author's transl)}; Matesanz JL et al.; Seric levels of C reactive protein (C.R.P.) were determined in a series of 125 children under one month old . Of them, 75 were clinically healthy and 50 showed signs that suggested infection . In all this infants, in addition to C.R.P., different components of white blood cell differential count were determined, and a bacteriological study was undergone . Authors found high concentration of C.R.P . in 100% of children in which diagnosis of sepsis was bacteriologically confirmed . On the other hand, concentrations of this biological parameter were not substantially modified in newborns used in the control, nor in those other ones in which sepsis was not confirmed . Sensibility of C.R.P . showed itself significantly higher than other hematological indexes in study. Antibiotiki, 1980 Aug, 25(8), 589 - 94 {Bacteriological and pathomorphological control of the effectiveness of the therapy of experimental pyocyanic burn infection}; Girich AF et al.; Bacteriological and pathomorphological characteristics of experimental pyocyanic burn infection in noninbred albino mice are presented . The model was used for comparative investigation of the chemotherapeutic efficacy of quinoxidin, dioxidin, carbenicillin and gentamicin . The chemotherapeutic efficacy of quinoxidin and dioxidin was shown to be higher than that of carbenicillin and gentamicin with respect to both the bacteriological criteria and the pathomorphological indices . Carbenicillin was inferior to gentamicin in the results of the bacteriological investigation and superior to it with respect to the data of the pathomorphological study . Thus, quinoxidin, dioxidin and to a less extent carbenicillin prevented the development of the purulent inflammatory foci in the internal organs, whereas the use of gentamicin resulted in a slower rate of the inflammatory process organization in the kidneys of the experimental animals. Pediatrics, 1980 Aug, 66(2), 171 - 5 Bacteremia in private pediatric practice; Baron MA et al.; The capillary white blood cell count and differential, a test easily done in office practice, was used in unexplained febrile illness of infants and toddlers to help distinguish those babies most likely to have bacteremia who would benefit from blood culture and early bacteriologic diagnosis . Four criteria were used as indicators suggestive of bacterial infection: white blood cell count greater than or equal to 15,000/cu mm, total segmented neutrophils greater than or equal to 10,000/cu mm, total band cells greater than or equal to 500/cu mm, and total polymorphonuclear leukocytes (segmented neutrophils plus band cells) greater than or equal to 10,500/cu mm . These measurements were found helpful in separating a small group of bacteremic babies at high risk of complications from a large group of babies who recovered without antibiotic treatment and without complications . There were 146 febrile illnesses recorded in babies 3 to 24 months of age; bacteremia was proven in eight of these . Three or four blood cell count criteria were fulfilled in seven of the eight bacteremic babies and in only ten (7.2%) of the remaining 138 febrile illnesses (P < .001 by chi 2 test). Hepatogastroenterology, 1980 Aug, 27(4), 310 - 6 Bacterial overgrowth in ileal reservoirs (Koch pouch): extended functional studies; Loeschke K et al.; An absorptive, hormonal, bacteriological and morphological study was performed in 9 proctocolectomized patients with continent ileal reservoirs established for 2-57 months . Vitamin B 12 malassimilation (as assessed by the Schilling test and serum vitamin B 12 concentration), bile salt deconjugation (modified 14C-glycocholate breath test), increased stool fat excretion and high intestinal sodium loss with secondary hyperreninism/hyperaldosteronism were encountered in a large percentage of patients; proximal small intestinal absorption (serum parameters, xylose test) appeared intact . In reservoir stool samples total and differential bacterial cell counts yielded values close to a normal rectum flora . Morphologically (endoscopy, quantitative histology) the reservoir mucosa showed moderate to severe inflammation; structural changes were essentially absent and inflammation in the adjoining ileum was minimal . These results indicate that reservoir bacteria frequently produce disturbances in small intestinal function and that these may be found without secondary structural transformation of the mucosa. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 1980 Aug, 24(4), 265 - 71 A technique for disinfection of the MDO oxygen electrode; Lund N et al.; A method for disinfection and aseptic assembly of the MDO (Mehrdraht Dortmund Oberflache) oxygen electrode has been evaluated . The method is based on treating each electrode component separately and then assembling the different parts under aseptic surgical conditions . The performance of the disinfected electrode was studied and found to be unchanged as compared with a non-disinfected electrode . Bacteriological studies on the effectiveness of the disinfection technique described and on the permeability of the electrode membranes to bacteria and bacterial spores were performed . The electrode membranes were penetrated by bacteria in experiments simulating in-use conditions in about 11% of membranes tested, after contamination of the inner electrode surface with heavy inocula . When studies were performed with the disinfected MDO oxygen electrode on humans, routine cultures from the wound were positive in about 10% of the cases . No clinical wound infection was seen . The majority of the positive cultures were probably caused by the surgical technique rather than the handling of the electrode . The disinfection method for the MDO oxygen electrode described in this paper makes it possible to use the electrode clinically, except in cases of hepatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 1980 Aug, 66(2), 155 - 7 Anaphylactic reaction to penicillin (or penicillin-like substance) in a soft drink; Wicher K et al.; An acute anaphylactic reaction occurred in a patient known to be highly sensitive to penicillin following ingestion of the soft drink Wink . Bacteriologic studies showed the presence of penicillin or a penicillin-like substance in the Wink, suggesting it as the cause of the anaphylaxis . The source of this contaminant could not be identified. Gac Med Mex, 1980 Jul, 116(7), 295 - 305 {Human milk and various resistence factors against infections}; Cravioto J et al.; PIP: The statement that breast milk can provide infants with better resistence against infections stems from 3 main lines of investigation: 1) biochemical, immunologic, and bacteriologic analyses of breast milk and of the feces of breast fed infants; 2) epidemiological studies on infant morbidity and mortality of children fed with breast milk or with cow milk; and, 3) the study of dozens of clinical cases . This long article examines data from all kinds of studies, especially regarding immunization against infant diarrhea, and suggests a few possible lines of investigation on the advantages of breast milk . Lepr India, 1980 Jul, 52(3), 359 - 65 Effect of single dose (1500 mg) rifampicin on infectivity of patients with lepromatous leprosy; Girdhar BK et al.; The effect of treatment with a single dose of Rifampicin (1500 mg) has been investigated in previously untreated lepromatous leprosy patients . A group of 14 cases were administered 1500 mg of Rifampicin in a single dose along with 100 mg Dapsone (DDS) daily . A control group received only 100 mg DDS daily . The patients were followed up for a period of 24 weeks . The clinical, bacteriological and results of mouse foot-pad inoculations do not indicate a significant advantage of the addition of a single dose of Rifampicin to the conventional therapy with DDA. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd, 1980 Jul 1, 105(13), 526 - 8 {Bacteriological and histological examination of minced meat in butcher's shops (author's transl)}; Borm PJ et al.; Bacteriological and histological studies were done on 102 samples of raw minced meat from professional butcher's shops . Also, comparative aerobic bacterial counts were made and reductase tests performed . Bacteriological and histological examination, carried out in addition to the reductase test, was found to be an effective aid in the reliable and rapid assessment of the hygienic quality of minced meat . Bacteriological and histological examination is cost- and time-saving compared with aerobic bacterial counts and offers the major advantage of making possible rapid adjustments in those shops in which minced meat is not up to the standards of hygiene. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 1980 Jul, 50(1), 89 - 90 Bacteriology of deep-seated carious lesions; Al-Marsoomi A et al.; In a study of the deep carious lesions in forty extracted permanent teeth, 50% of the lesions showed the clinically hard layer to be sterile . The number of sterile cases in the 18 to 24-year age group is three times the number in the 25 to 35-year age group. Infect Control, 1980 Jul-Aug, 1(4), 227 - 32 A statewide characterization of hospital infection control practices and practitioners; Booth AL et al.; Selected features of infection control programs among the 163 general hospitals in Tennessee were surveyed in 1976 and 1979 . Each hospital but one had a designated infection control practitioner . Three-fourths of the hospitals had fewer than 200 beds and most were in rural areas . The practitioners in these small hospitals worked in an isolated professional milieu: few (4%) had attended a basic training course or were members of a national (11%) or local (16%) infection control association . They also had significantly less access to standard infection control resource publications than did practitioners in large hospitals . Use of aqueous quaternary ammonium compounds for disinfection was reported by 37% of all hospitals in 1979; 68% of hospitals routinely performed bacteriologic cultures of personnel or the environment . In contrast, only 3% of hospitals did not have a policy specifying the use of sterile closed-system drainage of indwelling bladder catheters . Although these practices varied somewhat by hospital size, the differences were not statistically significant . Modest improvement in each parameter was noted since 1976 . Pathology was the most common medical specialty (34%) among chairman of infection control committees; internal medicine and pediatrics accounted for only 13% . The practice of routine microbiologic monitoring was significantly more common among hospitals with chairmen who were pathologists . The implications of these findings for national priorities in hospital infection control are discussed. Cornell Vet, 1980 Jul, 70(3), 258 - 65 Serological and bacteriological detection of Brucella canis infection of stray dogs in Moreno, Argentina; Myers DM et al.; A focus of B . canis infection was identified in Moreno, Argentina, among the stray dog population by serologic methods and confirmed in a second survey which included cultural isolations . A counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique using a specific rough Brucella surface antigen was applied to the serodiagnosis of canine brucellosis . This method was found to be as effective as the mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test and the gel diffusion test in detecting B . canis antibodies in natural and experimentally infected animals . The results are discussed in terms of the diagnostic significance of the three tests employed. Rev Ig Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol Pneumoftiziol Pneumoftiziol, 1980 Jul-Sep, 29(3), 143 - 8 {Late results of strictly supervised treatment of patients with newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis}; Jozefovics F et al.; The late results are analized, of a strictly supervised treatment of 160 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, of the secondary bacilliferic type, recently discovered, between July 1974 and December 1976 . The criterium for assessing the results was the bacteriologic examination . After the first year 144 of the patients became negative (90%), while 16 remained positive (10%) . Prolonged treatment, up to 2--3 years also led to negativation of these causes, with the only exception of a single patient that did not cooperate, and who became chronically ill . After one-and-a-half year 2 patients again became positive, of which one died with fulminating hemophytysis, and the second one in cardio-respiratory failure . Another 6 patients became positive after two years, while two other were positive at three years and one each after four, respectively five years . Two are still under treatment, while the remaining patients were all negative for at least two years . At the end of the observation period 155 of the initially 160 bacilliferic patients were considered as solved, and do not raise anti-epidemic problems . It is shown in conclusion that the modern anti-tuberculous treatment can lead to recovery of the majority of patients . Those who are still bacille carriers, or who recidivate, can also be solved by continued treatment for a period of up to 2--3 years . The patients with multiple deficiencies have increased risks to develop relcidives, and they should be followed with perseverance for a long time . The recommended therapeutic regimens are not significantly different from the viewpoint of their efficiency, provided they are administered in a strictly supervised manner . The reactivity of the organism probably has an important role in the efficiency of the modern anti-tuberculous treatment. Pediatrics, 1980 Jul, 66(1), 50 - 5 Etiology of pertussis syndrome; Keller MA et al.; One hundred patients with clinical pertussis were studied to determine the etiology of pertussis syndrome . Forty-two (42%) of the patients had either Bordetella pertussis of Bordetella parapertussis isolated from the nasopharynx . In additional 36 (36%) patients, B pertussis was isolated from the nasopharynx of the associated index case or family contact case . Thus, Bordetella was isolated from 78 (78%) of the patients or from their immediate family group . Of the 22 culture-negative patients residing in culture-negative families, 12 had serologic evidence of Bordetella infection and another was from a family group in which two members were seropositive . Therefore, 91 patients (91%) had bacteriologic or serologic evidence of Bordetella infection themselves or within their families . Viral cultures were obtained on 75 of the patients . Adenoviruses were isolated from 33% of those with positive cultures for B pertussis and from 14% of those with negative cultures . In the group without direct or indirect, bacteriologic or serologic evidence of Bordetella infection, the adenoviral isolation rate (13%) was not significantly different from the adenoviral isolation rate (33%) in patients with a positive bacterial culture . These data do not support a role of adenovirus alone in causing pertussis syndrome. An Esp Pediatr, 1980 Jun, 13(6), 507 - 12 {C reactive protein as a standard of efficience in antiinfectious therapy (author's transl)}; Matesanz JL et al.; C reactive protein (CRP) levels are sequencially settled in 58 children, divided in three groups in dependence of their illness: acute bacterial pneumopathy, acute pyelonephritis or neonatal sepsis, all of them receiving antibiotic treatment . CRP values are compared with clinical, radiologic and bacteriologic findings, showing in patients of the first two groups a normalization between fourth and ninth day of treatment, together with clinical and radiologic improvement . In contrast, it was shown that normalization of CRP in neonatal sepsis group was quite slow related to the torpid evolution . The sequentially measure of CRP was prove useful as antibiotic treatment control in children affected with different infectious pictures. Br J Surg, 1980 Jun, 67(6), 403 - 5 Benign liver nodules presenting as apparent hepatic metastases: a report of 5 cases; Fletcher MS et al.; Five cases are described in which hepatic nodules discovered as an incidental finding at laparotomy performed for other reasons were thought to be metastatic tumour . In each case histology and clinical course proved this assumption to be incorrect . It is emphasized that biopsy is mandatory in such circumstances to establish the diagnosis . Where the nature of the hepatic lesion might affect the choice of operative procedure frozen section examination should be performed at the time of surgery . Bacteriological culture may also be helpful. J Pediatr Surg, 1980 Jun, 15(3), 320 - 4 Gastrointestinal mucormycoses in infants and children: a cause of gangrenous intestinal cellulitis and perforation; Michalak DM et al.; Gastrointestinal mucormycosis has been a uniformly fatal disease in children . Diagnosis has been difficult, resulting in inadequate therapy . Histologic and bacteriologic confirmation of invasive infection, followed by systemically administered amphotericin B and surgical excision, are the hallmarks of effective treatment. Tubercle, 1980 Jun, 61(2), 87 - 9 Diagnostic potentialities of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in tuberculosis using purified tuberculin antigen; Tandon A et al.; Delayed hypersensitivity tests with tuberculin or purified tuberculin (PPD) have been used for detection of tuberculous infection . The present paper describes an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of PPD-antibodies in tuberculosis patients . The ELISA test was positive in nearly 80% of cases having bacteriological evidence of tuberculosis . The test could also detect PPD-antibodies in 66% of the cases not showing bacteriological evidence of tuberculosis . The potentiality of the test in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis is discussed. Helv Chir Acta, 1980 Jun, 47(1-2), 163 - 6 {Experimental and clinical experiences with the synthetic skin cover of polyvinylalcohol-formaldehyde foam (PVA)}; Mutschler W et al.; Animal experimental research and clinical experience in polyvinylalcohol formaldehyde foam (PVA) as a temporary skin cover: The usefulness of PVA as a temporary skin cover of burns and infected wounds was studied in animals . On the back of 20 pigs full thickness burns were produced and wounds were infected, then examined macroscopically, histologically and bacteriologically over a period of 18 days . PVA showed a better wound cleansing, a significantly reduced bacterial flora and a more rapid growth of the epithelium in comparison with three other materials . The clinical use of PVA in the treatment of compound fractures with a severe damage of soft tissue, of infected wounds and of burns also demonstrated a quick cleansing of the wound and an induction of a dense and vascularised granulation tissue . Thus considerable infections could be avoided and early grafting was possible. Tubercle, 1980 Jun, 61(2), 59 - 69 Controlled clinical trial of four short-course regimens of chemotherapy for two durations in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis . Second report . Third East African/British Medical Research Council Study; Immune response of guinea pig tympanic membrane; The authors present the results of their experiment on the immune response of the guinea pig tympanic membrane . The first step was to develop an antiserum in the rabbit from the guinea pig tympanic membrane (RAGPTM) . The lamina propria was used and IgG was identified as the main constituent of this antiserum . In their initial experiment, the RAGPTM IgG seemed to be specific to the acellular connective tissues of the respiratory tract and TM . The experiment presented here is concerned with the immune response of the guinea pig tympanic membrane . The animals were sensitized by intracardiac injection with the antiserum, and within one hour the right TM was traumatized in diverse fashions (bacteriological, chemical, mechanical traumas) . The left TM served as a negative control . Animals were sacrificed at 24 hours, 7 days and 21 days . Immunofluorescence staining, complement studies (C23) and immunoperoxidase techniques were used on the TM . It appears that the GPTM can be antigenic in the rabbit . The right TMs of the sensitized guinea pigs reacted differently in the sense that there seems to be homing of the RAGPTM IgG to the site of trauma and that the complement participates in the reaction at least in the first week . The lamina propria of the TM is the site of the immune response . This work will need more elaborate studies but allows us to address different questions concerning the possible role of the combination of trauma and sensitization in conditions clinically involving the TM and middle ear. Nouv Presse Med, 1980 May 31, 9(24), 1695 - 7 {Indigenous Legionnaires' disease . Importance of clinical symptoms (author's transl)}; Dournon E et al.; The first case of legionnaires' disease indigenous to France is reported . Since rapid bacteriological and/or serological diagnostic procedures are lacking, the disease should be suspected clinically in patients presenting with febrile pneumonia typically associated with neurological, digestive and renal disorders . Antibiotic treatment with erythromycin should be initiated as early as possible. NIPH Ann, 1980 May, 3(1), 49 - 56 Surveillance of the antibody status to current influenza strains in the Norwegian population . 2: Antibodies to the A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) virus in various age groups after the second epidemic wave; Haaheim LR; Over 950 randomly selected sera from various regional bacteriological laboratories, collected in October 1979, were assayed for the presence of haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies to current influenza strains . It was shown that in contrast to the previous year (1978), most age groups had significant levels of antibodies to the A/USSR influenza variant . In October 1978 only children, adolescents, and adults born between 1931 and 1950 had such antibodies . As there was little laboratory evidence of A/USSR infections in other age groups than among children and adolescents, we conclude that the majority of these infections must have been inapparent or generally mild. Poumon Coeur, 1980 May-Jun, 36(3), 191 - 5 {Pleuro-pulmonary infections with anaerobic germs (author's transl)}; Gevaudan MJ; The author presents his experience with the study of 42 patients with pleuro-pulmonary infection with anaerobic germs . He underlines the value of research tending to improve the conditions of sampling and culturing to ensure a bacteriological diagnosis and the setting of a suitable therapy. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex, 1980 May-Jun, 37(3), 435 - 48 {Comparative study in the management of pleural effusion}; Gil-Barbosa M et al.; At the Pediatric Surgery Department of the Hospital de Especialidades of the I.M.S.S . at Puebla, 40 patients with thoracic empyema were studied appreciating some clinical, radiologic and bacteriological variables; they were divided into two groups: 16 cases who had a thoracotomy and decortication and 24 with a conservative management . The hemithorax of the right side was the most affected, and the complications more often seen were the pachypleuritis, pneumatoceles and the persistence of a bronchopleural fistula . The operated group recovered without sequelae, having been hospitalized for 38.9 days average . The second group was discharged around the second week of treatment, without fever or respiratory symptoms even with an "abnormal" X-ray film . Every patient was checked clinically and radiologically every month, noticing, th