Bacteriological

Rev Pneumol Clin, 1984, 40(4), 221 - 6
{Pneumological aspects of bronchial foreign bodies in children . Experience with 100 cases}; Khiati M et al.; 100 cases of bronchial foreign body seen over a period of 4 years represent 1.2% of the admissions of a paediatric pneumology unit; 73% of the children were aged between 6 months and 3 years . The foreign body was vegetable in 61% of cases (a peanut in 44% of cases) . The time between the inhalation and the endoscopic diagnosis was greater than 7 days in 70% of cases and greater than 30 days in 37% of cases . Removal of the foreign body was possible in all but one case . In particular, the authors studied the pneumological implications of a foreign body: the value of a quantitative bacteriological study of the bronchial secretions, which was significant in 43% of cases, and detection of the sequelae by prospective clinical and functional surveillance with a follow-up of 3 to 24 months . After 6 months, persistent radiological abnormalities were found in 40% of cases, perfusion disorders were found in 35% and ventilation disorders were found in 64% . A surgical operation was performed in 7 cases: one case of bronchotomy for extraction of the foreign body and 6 cases of parenchymal excision, including 2 total pneumonectomy for a destroyed lung . These were no death . The pathophysiology of the complications of functional disorders and of dilatation of the bronchi is discussed in the context of the experience gained from this series.

Ann Rech Vet, 1984, 15(1), 119 - 27
Non-random distribution of udder infections among cows . Evaluation of some contributing factors; Rainard P et al.; Bovine udder infections were recorded in three herds throughout a lactation period with bacteriological examinations at 3 week intervals . For analysis, each cow was taken into account at the time when the greatest number of its quarters were infected . Distributions of cows having 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 infected quarters, either by major or minor pathogens, differed significantly (P less than 0.01) from the random binomial distribution: the number of cows with 3 or 4 infected quarters was much higher than expected . As the two types of pathogens behave similarly, they were not distinguished and data were pooled . Distributions of infections among cows within each of the three herds were not random . Cross-infections (from a quarter to another of the same cow) could have given rise to less than one-third of the new infections . A greater proportion of cows became multi-infected with increasing age . This process was delayed in the herd with the lowest new infection rate . In the three most highly represented lactation ages (1, 2, and 4), differences between actual and theoretical distributions were all significant (P less than 0.01) . Results suggested that together with the major contribution of concentration of infections in the older cows and the less important contribution of cross-infections, individual susceptibility played a part in the non-random distribution . Nevertheless the resistance of the less susceptible cows seemed to have been easily overcome when measures for control of new infections were not used.

Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac, 1984, 101(8), 649 - 52
{Endoscopy of the maxillary sinus . Diagnostic and therapeutic value in chronic sinusitis}; Demard F et al.; Sinus endoscopy is now well established as an essential exploratory procedure for the study of rhinosinus affections . By direct endocavitary observation, after identification and evacuation of possible secretions, it enables the anatomical and functional state of the mucosa to be studied, as well as that of the ostial region . For the maxillary sinus, the most easily accessible, direct endoscopic examination has become indispensable for a precise diagnosis of any chronic inflammatory or infections process, when associated with cyto-bacteriologic, colorimetric, manometric and possibly histologic investigations, completing clinical and radiologic findings when necessary . Endoscopy can also often act as the primary therapeutic gesture, its evacuating and aerating properties relieving ostial dyspermeability, the principal cause of chronic maxillary sinusitis . Diagnostic and therapeutic features in this particularly frequent affection are discussed with respect to the use of endoscopy.

Ann Chir Main, 1984, 3(3), 245 - 51
Gas gangrene in traumatic hand injuries . Report of three cases; Boisdenghien A et al.; Gaseous gangrene is an infection with anaerobies germs characterized by gaseous infiltration of soft tissues with quick and serious damage to the general state . Known in war time, it rages also in civilian practice . Two etiologies are dominating: post-trauma gaseous gangrenes, post-surgery gaseous gangrenes . Among post-trauma gaseous gangrenes, the ones on departure of inferior members are the most frequent arising from fractures or from luxations open or closed . Localisation on superior limbs is scarce, specially after soft parts' trauma . We report three cases of superior limbs' gaseous gangrene after seemingly benign trauma . Diagnosis has been set by the clinical surgery, and the presence of gas bubbles at soft tissues' radiography . It didn't exist any favorising agent such as diabetes, arterial insufficiency, intercurrent disease treated with corticoides or with immuno-depressors . Bacteriological levyings have not put the causal germ in evidence, this is due to levying conditions . Evolution of gaseous gangrene depends on quickness of diagnosis and treatment . This one includes surgical flattening, discharge's incisions and excisions of devitalized tissues, as well as antibiotherapy with 20 000 to 60 000 U penicilline by parenteral way . We didn't need appeal to hyperbare oxygenotherapy . Simple procedures of secondary repair surgery were sufficient to restoration of a normal function . Gaseous gangrene is a real surgical urgency, even without bacteriological proof.

J Fr Ophtalmol, 1984, 7(8-9), 535 - 8
{Pneumococcal postoperative endophthalmitis}; Salvanet-Bouccara A et al.; Three cases of pneumococcal endophthalmitis proven by paracentesis and direct bacteriologic evaluation were studied . Cultures were positive for pneumococcus in two the three cases . The fulminant course, and poor visual outcome emphasize the urgency of proper diagnosis by microscopic identification, and of intra-vitreal of injection of antibiotics sometimes associated with vitrectomy . Subconjunctival gentamicin commonly used in ophthalmologic surgery as prophylactic treatment, is often not effective against pneumococcus . It seems advisable to associate subconjunctival chloramphenicol with the gentamicin to help prevent this bacterial infection.

Clin Ther, 1984, 7(1), 40 - 8
Comparative study of cefoperazone and amikacin; Whang CW et al.; A comparative study of cefoperazone and amikacin in severe surgical infections was conducted with 60 patients equally allocated to two groups . The daily dosage of cefoperazone ranged from 2 to 4 gm in two equally divided doses, and the daily dosage of amikacin ranged from 900 to 1,000 mg in two equally divided doses . All patients were given antibiotics for five to ten days . With cefoperazone, there were satisfactory clinical responses in 83% (29/35) of the infections; with amikacin, 74% (23/31) . Cefoperazone was more effective than amikacin in biliary tract infections . On bacteriological examination, 7.5% of the organisms isolated were resistant to cefoperazone and 10% to amikacin . In mixed infections, cefoperazone and amikacin had failure rates of 29% and 36%, respectively . Further trials are needed to define the role of cefoperazone in anaerobic and in mixed infections.

Intensive Care Med, 1984, 10(6), 297 - 300
Clinical use and bacteriological studies of catheter contamination sleeves; Baele P et al.; A system combining a valved introducer sheath and a plastic protective sleeve enabling repositioning of pulmonary artery catheters was tested in 73 cardiac surgical patients . It was used for a mean time of 70.3 h and allowed for improved hemodynamic monitoring . A 12 percent incidence of valve contamination was found and makes the safety of the device questionable.

Z Erkr Atmungsorgane, 1984, 163(2), 191 - 7
{Cooperative study on the recurrence of lung tuberculosis in East Germany}; Fischer P et al.; 144 patients with bacteriologically positive results were analysed out of 258 relapses of pulmonary tuberculosis within one year (1979/80) to find the causes which are favouring relapses . It has been found that in 28% an inadequate chemotherapy, in 16% uncontrolled use of drugs, and in 13% of cases uncooperative attitude of patients were supposed causes of relapse . Causes of relapse could not be established in 23% of patients . Silicosis and chronic alcoholism were observed in 22% of patients with relapse.

J Fr Ophtalmol, 1984, 7(6-7), 499 - 506
{Antibiotic therapy in ophthalmology}; Magnier B et al.; Eye drops containing antibiotics are more and more numerous, we prescribe them more and more frequently . We found it interesting first to gather in six lists all antibiotics used locally in ophthalmology and to study for everyone its bacterial spectrum . After that we see which bacteria are most frequently met by ophthalmologists and when (presurgery examination, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, chalazion, meibomianitis, sty, corneal ulcer, lens infection) . All this helps the ophthalmologist to choose the antibiotic he prescribes before the bacteriological specimen, with high confidence . At last, we sum up the little that is presently known about penetration of antibiotics into the eye.

Biomed Pharmacother, 1984, 38(4), 214 - 6
Sphenoid sinusitis; Lew D et al.; We review our clinical experience with infectious sphenoid sinusitis in an effort to characterize the clinical presentation, bacteriology and associated severe complications of this frequently misdiagnosed infection.

Z Erkr Atmungsorgane, 1984, 163(1), 61 - 4
{Results of combined blind pleural biopsy and cytology in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusions}; Barthel E et al.; In 80 patients with pleural effusion of uncleared aetiology cytological, bacteriological and chemical examinations of punctate were combined with blind pleural biopsy . Malignant pleural diseases were verified via pleural biopsy in 48% and in combination with pleural biopsy and cytology in 93% of the cases . About one third of the tuberculosis pleural effusions could be diagnosed histologically . Blind pleural biopsy can be recommended as a method of low risk in differential diagnosis of pleural effusions.

Respiration, 1984, 45(3), 303 - 15
Laryngeal cancer: long-term follow-up of respiratory functions after laryngectomy; Todisco T et al.; Pulmonary function of 31 heavy smokers with laryngeal cancer was evaluated before and during the 1st year after total (n = 21) and conservative (n = 10) laryngectomy . 2 of them died because of recurrences, 1 for bronchopulmonary complications . Long-lasting hoarseness was the only presenting symptom in all patients . Preoperative lung function data and mucociliary clearance were consistent with a coexisting chronic obstructive lung disease in most subjects and was probably due to smoking . No differences were observed comparing pre- and postoperative data in the 10 conservative laryngectomy patients . On the contrary, the total-laryngectomy patients showed a progressive impairment of bronchial obstruction and bacteriological infection of the trachea during the 1st year after the operation . An impressive increase in mucociliary clearance rates has been observed 2 months after total laryngectomy during the postoperative hypersecretory phase . the obtained data allow us to hypothesize that when clinical conditions of laryngectomized patients in whom local or distant recurrences have been excluded deteriorate, this is related to a progressive bronchial obstruction at any level of the bronchial tree due to descending bacterial infection of the airways . To our knowledge this is the only work demonstrating that total laryngectomized patients need a complete pre- and postoperative evaluation of lung function, airway dynamics, mucociliary function and tracheal bacteriology for long-term prognosis and treatment.

Rev Mal Respir, 1984, 1(2), 93 - 7
{Epidemiologic study of the risk of tuberculosis recurrence in the Bas-Rhin, 1967-77}; Petitjean R et al.; The authors report an "analytic epidemiological" study, showing the risk of relapse in tuberculous patients in the Bas-Rhin in 1967 to 1977 . This was possible thanks to statutory notification of tuberculous cases, with an index updated by annual returns . The study relates to French subjects notified as new cases of all forms of active tuberculosis between 1967 to 1975, going out the active file on or before 31.12.1976, and followed until 31.12.1977 after the cessation of chemotherapy . Amongst those gone out the active list, 5% were lost to follow up, 15% died, and 80% were alive (and bacteriologically inactive) at the end of treatment . In this latter group cases of relapse were observed between 1969 and 1977 . Thus, 3,327 patients were at risk a relapse during the first year, and when the study was completed after 8 years, 76 relapses were observed . Two methods were used to calculate the risk of relapse . The first reported the number of relapses (76) to the number of people-years (14,500 for the 3,327 patients) . The mean annual risk was 5,24% . The role of certain risk factors for a relapse could be identified more precisely: Sex, 5,43% in men and 3,19% in women, Age, 4,76% before 55, 8.36% after, Initial bacteriology 5,9% for positive cases and 3,27% for negative cases . Use of Rifampicin, 3,9% for users, 5,8% for non-users . The second calculation was based on actuarial method, giving the annual and cumulative risk as a function of the exposed population each year, for the period of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Rev Mal Respir, 1984, 1(2), 85 - 91
{Therapy modalities used in tuberculosis in a French Department . The Bas-Rhin, 1965-77}; Burghard G et al.; An analysis of treatment methods was carried out on 8,116 subjects suffering from all forms of tuberculosis, notified from 1965 to 1976 to the Bas-Rhin Tuberculosis Register and not kept in the active card index longer than the 31 dec . 1977 (because they were cured, dead or lost from sight) . Only the cases of respiratory tuberculosis not bacteriologically proven notified during the first period (1965 to 1969) were not included in the study . In the annual cohorts the proportion of patients treated in hospital for more than 15 days, as cell as the mean length of hospital stay and duration of antituberculous chemotherapy, has considerably decreased . The drugs most often used for notified patients from 1965 to 1969 were Isoniazid, Streptomycin and P.A.S . For patients notified between 1970 and 1976, Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Ethambutol were most common . Triple therapy was used most often, 66,8% for the first period, 52.6% for the second . At the end of the second year of follow up the proportion cured rose from 26% of the cases surveilled for the first cohort (1965-1969) to 51% for the second (1970 to 1974) and 61% for the third (1975-1976) . As for the death rate, this progressively declined from 4,3% to 2,4% and 1,6% . Finally the prevalence and incidence of bacteriologically proven tuberculosis has decreased strikingly in the general population of the Bas-Rhin since 1965 . In addition there was a progressive diminution in the ratio of these two indices (2,4 in 1965 and 1,2 in 1979) conveying the real efficacy of these treatment regimes.

Dev Biol Stand, 1984, 56, 507 - 11
Evaluation of a radial immunodiffusion test for diagnosing brucellosis in sheep and its possible value for differentiating infected from Brucella melitensis REV 1 vaccinated sheep; Blasco JM et al.; The efficiency of 4 serological test: Rose Bengal (RB), complement fixation (CF), gel diffusion (GD) and radial immunodiffusion (RID) for diagnosing Brucellosis in sheep was compared . RID and CF were also used to evaluate sheep serological response following REV 1 vaccination . Crude smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS-S) and Polysaccharide B antigens obtained from B . melitensis 16 M were used in GD and RID tests respectively . In experiment 1, two hundred and sixty five sera from adult unvaccinated sheep were studied . The animals used belonged to 4 different flocks, in which was bacteriologically proved the existence of B . melitensis infection . RB positive reaction was obtained in 122 sera being 100, 87 and 91 of these, positive to CF, GD and RID respectively . In experiment 2, one hundred and one ewes from 5 to 10 months of age (and CF negative) were subcutaneously inoculated with 2.10(9) viable Rev 1 organisms . All animals were bled at 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 24, 28 and 52 weeks after being vaccinated, and their serological response to CF and RID tests was studied . The percentage of CF reactors between the 24th and the 52nd weeks decreased from about 30% to less than 8% . The RID reactors in weeks 24 and 52 were 1% and 0% respectively when a concentration of 15 micrograms of Polysaccharide B per ml of gel was used.

Dev Biol Stand, 1984, 56, 43 - 53
Brucella classification and regional distribution; Morgan WJ; The most significant advances in the field of Brucella classification since the last meeting have been in the field of Brucella phages reviewed by Corbel & Morgan (1980) Handbuch der Bakteriellen Infektionen bei Tieren, 4, Ed Blobel & Schliesser) and Corbel & Morgan (Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology . In press) . The Berkeley phages, especially the BK2 variant has been found to be able to lyse smooth B . melitensis, as well as smooth strains of the other species . A further advance has been the isolation of phages which lyse rough strains of B . abortus as well as B . canis and B . ovis . The most recent comprehensive account of the world-wide distribution of brucellosis has been given by Hansen and Muller (1982 . Tierarztl Umschau 37, 564-570), supplemented by recent reviews by Morgan, Hellman, Weber, Meyer, and Wundt (1980) in Handbuch der Bakteriellen Infektionen bei Tieren 4) . Except in those countries where B . abortus infection has been eradicated in cattle, the disease still remains a world-wide problem in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs as well as in wild animal reservoirs in certain parts of the world.

Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl, 1984, 86, 79 - 85
A serological study of anaerobic curved rods with rabbit hyperimmune antisera; Moi H et al.; Anaerobic curved rods (ACR) isolated from vaginal discharge of women with a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) were investigated with regard to bacteriologic and serologic characteristics . According to morphologic criteria, long curved rods (LCR) which were sensitive to metronidazole, and short curved rods (SCR) which showed resistance to metronidazole, were recognized . LCR degraded several sugars, whereas SCR degraded only a few carbohydrates . With the use of hyperimmune polyclonal rabbit anti-ACR antibodies, heat-labile and heat-stable antigens were demonstrated in whole cells of both LCR and SCR strains by co-agglutination (CoA) . Heat-labile antigens which could be flagellae or other surface components seemed to be responsible for inter-group and inter-strain specificity and did not cross-react between LCR and SCR . Two types of heat-stable antigens, one resistant to 120 degrees C, and one resistant to 100 degrees C but not 120 degrees C, were demonstrated in both LCR and SCR . These heat-stable antigens showed considerable one-way and two-way cross-reactivities within the LCR group, and one-way cross-reactivities were also demonstrated between LCR and SCR strains . These cross-reactivities were also demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) in untreated whole cells . The results show that IFL could be used to identify untreated whole cells and CoA to identify heated bacteria.

G Batteriol Virol Immunol, 1984 Jan-Jun, 77(1-6), 94 - 105
{Epidemiological findings on Chlamydia trachomatis infections of the female genitalia . Comparison of detection methods}; Garella D et al.; Chlamydia trachomatis infection has been investigated by means of cell culture and fluorescent monoclonal antibody technique in 100 women, partly suffering from cervico-vaginal disease and partly asymptomatic, attending to cytologic investigations . The results from the two methods have been correlated to each other and to anamnesis, bacteriological tests and to the existence of specific anti-Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies, detected by indirect immunofluorescence.

Curr Med Res Opin, 1984, 9(5), 296 - 300
Spiramycin and erythromycin in the treatment of acute tonsillo-pharyngitis: a comparative study; Soekrawinata T et al.; A randomized study was carried out in 100 patients with acute tonsillo-pharyngitis to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of treatment with 500 mg spiramycin 3-times daily for 3 days and 500 mg erythromycin 3-times daily for 5 days . Details were recorded on entry of fever, sore throat, difficulty in swallowing, inflammation of the tonsils and/or pharynx, and oedema . Patients in the two groups were re-examined on Days 4 and 6, respectively . Throat swab cultures and blood determinations of haemoglobin, leucocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were made before and after treatment . The results, analyzed in the 95 patients (48 on spiramycin, 47 on erythromycin) who attended for follow-up, indicated that whilst both antibiotics were effective, only 1 patient receiving spiramycin was classified as failing to respond to treatment compared with 8 of those receiving erythromycin . Moreover, significantly fewer patients on erythromycin had complete disappearance of all the signs and symptoms at the end of the treatment period . These findings were supported by the results of the bacteriological cultures . Both treatments reduced leucocyte levels in those patients with high counts initially, but there was no apparent effect on haemoglobin or erythrocyte sedimentation rate . Two patients on spiramycin complained of dry mouth . In the erythromycin group, 2 patients reported dizziness and 5 nausea.

Z Erkr Atmungsorgane, 1984, 163(3), 245 - 50
{Quality control of the culture of mycobacteria in Czechoslovakia and East Germany}; Kubin M et al.; Be comparative examinations in culture of mycobacteria, done in different laboratories of two countries an insight view was given on correspondence of results in the field of tuberculosis bacteriology . Experiences of that study can be used for routinely carried out quality control.

Ann Rech Vet, 1984, 15(3), 375 - 9
{Fixation of antibodies by covalent bonds to polystyrene: use of the immunoenzyme technic for the detection of Escherichia coli K99 in calf feces}; Perrin B et al.; A solid phase enzyme immunoassay using antibodies covalently bound to polystyrene balls is developed . Results show the same sensitivity as the method with antibodies adsorbed to solid support . By means of K99+ E . coli detection on diarrhoeic calves, results are compared with bacteriological findings . The interest of the method is discussed.

Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac, 1984, 85(4), 284 - 6
{Cervico-facial suppuration of oro-dental origin due to Eikenella corrodens}; Ruf R et al.; Several cases are reported of cervico-facial suppuration of buccodental origin, the infection being due to Eikenella corrodens, a facultative anaerobic germ that is difficult to culture . Conditions appropriate to the growth of these germs are discussed with respect to etiological, bacteriological and clinical factors . Therapy is outlined and a selective bibliography proposed.

Indian J Lepr, 1984 Jan-Mar, 56(1), 86 - 97
Health Management Information System in Leprosy Control Programme; Yellapurkar MV; Health Management Information System was introduced methodically and enforced with ruthless punctuality in Maharashtra State from April 1981 . It has paid excellent dividends so far as the implementation of the National Leprosy Control Programme is concerned . Key indicators have been fixed for new case detection, bacteriological examination, regularity of treatment and screening of old patients for activity status . Monitoring of these activities is done regularly and a feed back is provided . Marks are assigned for each kidney indicator and ranking is done based on the achievement of targets by each district, Municipal Corporation, Health Circle etc., every month . The same procedure is adopted at Primary Health Centre and even lower level . This has introduced a spirit of competition and generated a desire to better one's own performance by identifying and removing deficiencies . Maximum assistance is being derived from the Primary Health Care and use is being made of Multi Purpose Workers, Community Health Volunteers and other anciliary agencies in case finding and case holding programmes . The improvement in performance in respect of all key indicators during 1981-82 has been between 40 and 60 percent over the performance during 1980-81.

Indian J Lepr, 1984 Jan-Mar, 56(1), 63 - 70
Once monthly rifampicin (1200 mg) plus daily dapsone (100 mg) and clofazimine (100 mg) in the initial treatment of lepromatous leprosy; Chandorkar AG et al.; The therapeutic effect of rifampicin 1200 mg once monthly and 100 mg clofazimine daily for the first six months of treatment was evaluated in 30 patients of bacteriologically positive lepromatous leprosy patients . Moderate to marked clinical improvement was seen in all the patients and a very rapid bacteriological regression as indicated by the decrease in bacteriological and morphological indices of the skin within one week . Seven patients become MI negative at one month and three months and 13 at the end of nine months . Two patients became MI and BI negative at the end of six months and six at the end of nine months . These observations clearly establish the high therapeutic efficacy and practicability of the three drug regimen . Once monthly rifampicin is highly effective and well tolerated, and has many advantages like low cost, better patient compliance and reliability of the treatment . Addition of clofazimine to rifampicin and dapsone prevents the emergence of E.N.L . reactions which were seen during treatment with once monthly rifampicin and daily dapsone . This regimen is thus ideal for initial, intensive treatment of lepromatous leprosy and may help in preventing the spread of the disease and development of dapsone resistance.

Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac, 1984, 101(5), 389 - 93
{Bacteriological study of maxillary sinusitis}; Renon P et al.; Suppurated maxillary sinusitis are frequent diseases . Diameatic puncture allows bacteriological investigations . Our results are positive in two thirds of cases . The bacterial flora is very varied, whose identification and antibiograms involve efficient treatment with daily washing and in situ antibiotherapy.

Biomaterials, 1984 Jan, 5(1), 11 - 8
Systemic effects of biomaterials; Black J; Evaluation of the host response to implanted biomaterials usually focuses on the implant site tissue response . This may lead to erroneous conclusions in the same way that examination of battles outside of their historic context does . A broader view discloses a variety of possible and actual systemic effects of carcinogenic, metabolic, immunological and bacteriological nature . Recognition of these effects in patients is hampered by a lack of epidemiological studies.

Ann Biol Clin (Paris), 1984, 42(1), 15 - 9
{Comparison of bacteriological and immunoenzyme methods for the serum determination of sisomicin . Pharmacokinetic application in the human}; Clausse AM et al.; A modification of the serum gentamicin immunoenzymatic method (Syva- Biom erieux kit) for sisomicin assay is proposed and compared to the bacteriological reference method . It shows a higher sensitivity (0.1 mg.l-1) with a shortened time of analysis (less than 1 hour) and a good reproducibility (range: 4.7% to 1.6% for concentrations between 0.5 mg.l-1 and 10 mg.l-1) but the concentrations are 15 p . cent lower as compared to the bacteriological method . A pharmacokinetic study, performed in five patients, enables us to demonstrate the praticability of this method for the adaptation of the dosage regimen in renal insufficiency.

Mod Vet Pract, 1984 Jan, 65(1), 25 - 7
A practical approach to diagnosis of swine diseases; Goodman DE; Blood samples from the vena cava or jugular vein should be chilled but not frozen, and serum chilled or frozen . Tissue specimens for bacteriologic or virologic examination should be chilled in individual plastic bags and frozen if not submitted immediately . Live pigs should be submitted for TGE studies . Tissue specimens for histologic examination should be placed in formalin and not frozen . Aborted fetuses and fetal membranes are more useful if fresh . In baby pigs, the rectal temperature and WBC counts are not reliable indicators of health; the liver may be yellow and the kidneys petechiated in normal baby pigs.

Annu Rev Med, 1984, 35, 311 - 24
Transplantation of osteochondral allografts; Friedlaender GE et al.; Osteochondral allografts represent an alternative source of satisfactory tissue for reconstruction of skeletal deficits associated with traumatic, degenerative, and neoplastic disorders of the skeleton . Methods of banking (donor selection, tissue removal and preservation) have been developed that are compatible with long-term storage of bacteriologically safe and biologically effective bone and cartilage grafts . Immune responses to graft-associated antigens have been evaluated, but their biological significance remains unknown . The use of massive osteochondral allografts in limb-sparing approaches to the treatment of bone tumors has been particularly rewarding . Provided that the lesion is appropriately resected, the graft is properly implanted and protected, and infection is avoided, good and excellent clinical results can be anticipated in 75-80% of the cases.

Pharmatherapeutica, 1984, 3(8), 556 - 65
A multi-centre trial comparing a sulfamethopyrazine/trimethoprim combination with co-trimoxazole in respiratory tract infections; Colombo ML et al.; A double-blind, multi-centre trial was carried out in 72 patients with acute or chronic infections of the lower respiratory tract to compare the efficacy and tolerance of a sulfamethopyrazine (200 mg)/trimethoprim (250 mg) combination with that of the established combination co-trimoxazole (400 mg sulphamethoxazole plus 80 mg trimethoprim) . Patients received treatment for 10 days either with 2 capsules of co-trimoxazole twice daily or in the newer combination group with 2 capsules on Day 1 but then only 1 capsule daily for the remainder of the treatment period . The results of clinical, bacteriological and functional tests showed an excellent or good response in over 90% of patients in each group . There was no statistically significant difference in effectiveness of treatment with the once-daily sulfamethopyrazine/trimethoprim regime compared with co-trimoxazole given twice daily, and both treatments were well tolerated, with only a few mild side-effects, mainly gastro-intestinal ones, being reported.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 1984 Jan, 13 Suppl A, 37 - 45
Netilmicin versus tobramycin in multi-centre studies; Daschner FD et al.; In two prospective, randomized studies conducted in West Germany and involving 80 patients, netilmicin-ticarcillin was compared to tobramycin-ticarcillin in the treatment of serious systemic infections . Both regimens were essentially identical with respect to the clinical and bacteriological results they produced . The netilmicin group developed significantly less nephrotoxicity than the tobramycin group (0% versus 15%, P = 0.03) . Ototoxicity also occurred less frequently in the netilmicin-treated patients (3% versus 10%, P = 0.4) . In a large collaborative study involving 15 centres, 254 patients were enrolled . Clinical and bacteriological responses were excellent, with netilmicin and tobramycin equally effective, but the incidences of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity were lower in patients treated with netilmicin than those receiving tobramycin.

J Int Med Res, 1984, 12(6), 321 - 6
Augmentin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis; Aigner K et al.; Forty-five patients with acute chronic bronchitis were treated with Augmentin, an amoxycillin combined with the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid, initially by parenteral administration followed by oral treatment after 3 days lasting in the mean 7.1 days . The over-all clinical evaluation showed a cure rate of 93% . Side-effects were comparable to therapy with other amoxycillins . Bacteriological evaluation of the sputum samples demonstrated in 91% of cases an elimination of the initially isolated organism . Prior to therapy we found in 25% of the isolated strains beta-lactamase-producing and Augmentin-sensitive organisms . The parenteral formulation of Augmentin seems to be a valuable addition to the parenteral therapy of lower respiratory tract infections.

Ann Fr Anesth Reanim, 1984, 3(4), 301 - 2
{Pneumonia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and colonic hematoma}; Voltz C et al.; A case of pneumopathy associated with a colonic haematoma and a disseminated intravascular coagulation is reported . No bacteriological or serological evidence of the infection could be found . The rarity of such a pathological association made this case particularly interesting.

Arkh Patol, 1984, 46(5), 27 - 32
{Pathomorphology and pathogenesis of acute non-occlusive intestinal ischemia}; Dikshtein EA et al.; Thirty-five postmortem cases of non-occlusive ischemia of the intestine are studied . Five groups are distinguished on the basis of leading pathogenetic factors . Angiospasm and alterations of the blood rheological properties are the main mechanisms in the development of non-occlusive intestinal ischemia, the morphological features of which are segmental necroses and more frequent localization in the ileum . Clinico-morphological analyses and a thorough bacteriological examination are necessary for the differential diagnosis of non-occlusive intestinal ischemia, enteritis and colitis.

Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales, 1984 Jan-Feb, 77(1), 97 - 103
{Parasitologic, bacteriologic and virological studies of feces in diarrhea in 212 non-hospitalized children in Dakar . Application of the concept of mass opportunistic infections}; Vargues F et al.; A total of 212 stools specimens from diarrhoeal children were analyzed for the detection of pathogenic agents (parasites, bacteria and rotavirus) . There were only 80 negatives specimens . In the 132 positive ones, a total of 192 pathogenic agents (81 parasites, 76 bacteria and 35 rotavirus) were found . There results are very similar to those obtained in the hospitalized children . The etiology of this African intestinal polymicrobism must be searched by comparison to the European monomicrobism . In the low conditions of hygiene and nutrition, the concept of "Herd infection" is discussed . In conclusion, specific pathogen agents must be considered as "opportunist pathogen agents of the unfortunate human collectivities ".

Z Erkr Atmungsorgane, 1984, 162(1), 26 - 9
{Therapeutic results in lung diseases caused by atypical mycobacteria}; Fischer P et al.; Between 1972 and 1981, 38 patients suffering from lung disease by atypical mycobacteria were admitted to our institute . 36 out of them were males and 2 females with an average age of 55 years . In 10 patients silicosis was present . The patients received chemotherapy at special combinations using Rifampicin, Ethambutol and one or two additional drugs . 2 patients could be healed by lung lobe resection . In 12 patients x-ray regression could be observed . In the remaining patients, stabilization of the lung lesions and sputum conversion--at least temporarily--could be obtained . Because of multiple drug resistance, the therapy of mycobacteriosis is complicated, and permanent conversion of sputum cannot always be obtained, especially in diseases caused by M . intracellulare-avium . Bacteriological relapses are to be expected in 30 to 40 percent.

Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac, 1984, 101(8), 593 - 600
{Diagnostic problems of tuberculoid cervical adenitis . Apropos of 70 cases}; Brette MD et al.; Pathologic criteria in tuberculoid adenitis enable differentiation between follicular adenitis with or without caseous necrosis and that involving suppurative necrosis . The absence of specific etiology is emphasized . Seventy cases of tuberculoid adenitis are analyzed . Of the 62 cases of adenitis labelled tuberculous, bacterial confirmation was obtained in only 22 (35%), suggesting probable diagnosis by excess for the remaining 40 cases . Related bacteriologic problems concern isolation of B.K . of the 3 cases classified as sarcoidosis, it was important to obtain data from broncho-alveolar lavage and serum conversion enzyme assay . Four patients with adenitis were diagnosed as having cat-scratch disease from positive specific intradermal reactions, the probable discovery of the responsible agent thus providing a bacteriologic diagnosis.

J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol, 1984, 28(3), 297 - 301
To the etiology of whooping cough syndrome . Part I: Bacteriological examinations; Karenova L et al.; A total of 7530 cases of whooping cough syndrome was bacteriologically examined from January 1978 through June 1983 . Bordetella pertussis was confirmed by cultivation in 19, B . parapertussis in 284 and H . influenzae in 285 examinees . The total percentage of bacteriologically elucidated cases was 7.81% . Routine bacteriological screenings conducted during the same time period among the preschool children from Prague 10 (a total of 3651 children of 4-6 years of age were examined after the first or before the second revaccination) gave no positive isolation of B . pertussis, isolates of B . parapertussis and H . influenzae were obtained from 43 and 107 children, respectively . This comprehensive bacteriological examination helped identify the causative agent of whooping cough syndrome and reduced thus somewhat the number of cases of uncertain etiology.

Pharmatherapeutica, 1984, 3(10), 686 - 91
Pivmecillinam plus pivampicillin versus co-trimoxazole in patients undergoing transurethral prostate resection; Holmquist B et al.; Patients undergoing transurethral prostate resection received a 10-day or a 20-day treatment with a combination of pivmecillinam/pivampicillin or with co-trimoxazole starting 1 day before surgery . The results were evaluated in 139 patients . Fifty-three patients had bacteriuria prior to the operation, and the bacteriological cure rate was 22 out of 25 on pivmecillinam/pivampicillin and 22 out of 28 on co-trimoxazole . Eighty-six patients had no bacteriuria pre-operatively and received treatment prophylactically . Two out of 40 patients on co-trimoxazole developed urosepsis, while pivmecillinam/pivampicillin was effective in preventing septicaemic episodes in all 46 patients treated . Tolerance was good with mild side-effects in 5 patients on pivmecillinam/pivampicillin and in 2 patients on co-trimoxazole.

Tijdschr Diergeneeskd, 1983 Dec 1, 108(23), 904 - 12
{Mastitis in sheep in the Netherlands}; Konig CD et al.; Little is known of udder health in sheep in the Netherlands . The present study represents an effort to gain some insight into this matter . For this purpose, test samples were taken during the period from March 6, 1981 to April 17, 1981, on sixteen commercial farms in the province of Gelderland, on which there were a total number of 936 nursing ewes; this was done again during the period from June 22, 1981 to June 25, 1981, final sampling being done during April 1982, though this was confined to animals showing poor udder health in the year before . Cell counts were made by an adjusted method using the Coulter Counter . The cell counts recorded were higher than those reported in the literature . Of the samples examined, from 20 to 25 per cent contained more than 2,000,000 cells per ml . Cell counts were high during the early period of lactation, subsequently diminished and then increased again about the time of weaning . Moreover, cell counts increased with age and possibly, though not significantly so, with the number of suckling lambs . Bacteriological examination shortly after lambing was positive in 7.3 per cent of the ewes and 4.1 per cent of samples of udder halves.

Arch Fr Pediatr, 1983 Dec, 40(10), 803 - 5
{Brucella osteitis in children}; Ruyssen S et al.; The authors report a case presenting with a very rare localization of brucellosis: the isolated involvement of a single bone of the metatarsus, in a child in otherwise excellent general condition . The lesions of the diaphysis and epiphyses induced a fragility of the epiphyseal cartilage and a minimal traumatism resulted in a detachment of the epiphysis which was the first clinical sign . The bacteriological examination of a sample of pus led to the early diagnosis of brucellosis, therefore allowing efficient treatment.

Am J Vet Res, 1983 Dec, 44(12), 2244 - 5
Bovine leptospirosis: bacteriologic versus serologic diagnosis of cows at slaughter; Thiermann AB; Blood for serologic examination and kidneys for bacteriologic cultural examination were collected from 204 cows slaughtered in an Iowa packing plant during August to October 1981 . By the microscopic agglutination test on the 200 serum samples which were collected, 29 (14.5%) were positive--22 samples (10.8%) had agglutinin titers to hardjo, 4 (2%) to pomona, and 5 (2.5%) to other serovars . With the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 79 samples (39.5%) were positive--53 (26.5%) to hardjo and 36 (18%) to pomona . Leptospires were isolated from 13 (6.4%) of the kidneys (n = 204) examined . Characterization indicated that 7 isolates were hardjo; 3, grippotyphosa; and 2, pomona (1 isolate was lost during first subculture) . Three of the hardjo isolates and 1 of the grippotyphosa isolates were obtained from cows that were seronegative by the microscopic agglutination test.

Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic, 1983 Dec, 50(12), 795 - 8
{Chlamydia and sexually transmitted germs . Description and bacteriological diagnosis}; Catalan F; In this article, the author emphasizes the articular complications of genital infections caused by gonococci, mycoplasma and Chlamydia . He describes the laboratory techniques used to isolate, identify on appropriate media and, if need be, assay the serum or joint antibodies for each of these micro-organisms . If it is difficult to determine the aetiology of a particular case of joint pain, one should keep in mind the possibility that an old or recent genital infection may be responsible.

HNO, 1983 Dec, 31(12), 420 - 2
{Pretreatment before microsurgical interventions in the middle ear with reference to the current bacteriological and antibiotic situation}; Luckhaupt H et al.; Swabs were taken from 100 patients suffering from chronic otitis media or mastoiditis before operation to identify bacteria and their sensitivity to antibiotics . Recommendations are made concerning local or general preoperative treatment.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Dec, 36(12), 3491 - 506
{Experimental and clinical studies of ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology}; Obata I et al.; Ceftazidime (CAZ) was studied for its transference into adnexa uteri and uterine tissues as well as for its effects and safety on gynecological infections . The results obtained are as follows: Peak levels of CAZ were obtained in the tissues of adnexa uteri and uteri at 15--30 minutes after one shot intravenous injection of CAZ 1 g, and relatively high concentrations were maintained for several hours . In the treatment of 33 cases of gynecological infections, the clinical efficacy of CAZ was assessed as excellent in 13 cases and effective in 20 cases . As for the bacteriological effects of CAZ, 95.5% of clinically isolated organisms were eradicated . The laboratory tests performed before and after administration of CAZ revealed rise in GOT, GPT values in 2 cases and eosinophilia in 1 case . However, these cases were all mild and required no particular measures.

Boll Ist Sieroter Milan, 1983 Nov 30, 62(5), 426 - 32
Anti-mycobacterial activity of amikacin; Sabolla L et al.; We have tested in the IUTM egg medium the susceptibility against amikacin (AKC) of 147 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.t.) isolated from the sputum of patients affected with pulmonary Tb . Only five strains showed resistance at 5 and 10 mcg/ml: they were also resistant to other main anti-tubercular drugs (MATD) . The other 59 strains resistant to MATD and the 82 ones without any resistance to MATD were found normally susceptible to AKC at 5 mcg/ml in IUTM m . The parallel test performed on a synthetic medium (7H10) with 10 firstly-observed strains, allowed us to define that AKC undergoes a 60% inactivation in the egg medium . Two patients suffering from chronic pulmonary Tb, with M.t . constantly isolable in their sputum, assumed a twice-weekly treatment (TWT) with AKC alone (total 26 gr) . This management induced in them improvement of the radiological and bacteriological findings, without alteration of the checking parameters.

Schweiz Med Wochenschr, 1983 Nov 19, 113(46), 1714 - 9
{Analysis of antibiotic therapy in 500-bed hospital: indications, administration and possibilities of cost reduction}; Schaefer K et al.; The introduction of a justification form in a 500-bed acute hospital before starting therapy with antibiotics resulted in a more than 30% decrease of current antibiotics costs . The cost reduction was mainly caused by reduced consumption of very expensive antibiotics . Moreover, analysis of the justification form revealed that more than 20% of diseases such as pneumonia, bronchitis, postsurgical complications, or skin and bone infections were diagnosed and treated without sufficient clinical and bacteriological documentation . The use of a justification form for antibiotics is therefore not only useful for cutting costs, but also for educating physicians in how to administer rational prophylaxis and therapy with antibiotics.

S Afr Med J, 1983 Nov 12, 64(21), 816 - 7
Treatment of septic burns with a third-generation cephalosporin (cefatriaxon); Theron EJ et al.; Effective and safe antibiotic control combined with surgical measures is the mainstay of the management of serious sepsis in burn wounds . To determine the effects of the third-generation cephalosporins on the clinical and bacteriological course of burn sepsis, 30 adult patients with a comparable degree of burn sepsis were treated with cefatriaxon (Ro 13-9904 (Rocephin); Roche) . No significant side-effects were observed, and clinical observation showed a marked to moderate improvement in wound sepsis in 26 cases . Of 61 wound cultures obtained after completion of the course of cefatriaxon, only 19 yielded a positive growth . The beneficial role of the third-generation cephalosporins indicated by this prospective trial could be very important in the management of extensive burn wound sepsis.

Infection, 1983 Nov-Dec, 11(6), 291 - 5
The use of moxalactam in the treatment of serious infections due to multi-resistant organisms; Srinivasan S et al.; Moxalactam was evaluated as the sole therapy of 45 episodes of infection in 41 patients due primarily to bacteria resistant to older antibiotics . Infections included bacteremias, pulmonary, skin and soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, and meningitis . Clinical and bacteriological cure was achieved in 69% of infections . Cure was achieved with moxalactam in patients infected with cefazolin-resistant, carbenicillin-resistant, chloramphenicol and gentamicin-resistant organisms . Although adverse reactions were generally mild, diarrhea developed in five patients, a major increase in prothrombin time and bleeding in three patients and a disulfiram reaction in two patients.

Isr J Med Sci, 1983 Nov, 19(11), 992 - 4
Unusual presentation of Bruton's agammaglobulinemia--Pseudomonas sepsis; Urbach J et al.; A case of Pseudomonas sepsis and meningitis is described in a family in which the first child died in the first year of life after a fulminant Pseudomonas sepsis . In our patient, the second son, treatment was begun immediately after admission with clinical and bacteriological signs of Pseudomonas sepsis and continued for a 4-week period . Subsequent cessation of the treatment resulted in a relapse, with meningeal involvement . After specific therapy was added for his immunologic incompetence, as well as subsequent antibiotic treatment, the patient was cured of his prolonged illness.

J Pediatr Orthop, 1983 Nov, 3(5), 613 - 5
Osteomyelitis caused by Capnocytophaga ochracea; Elster AD et al.; A 13-year-old boy is reported with osteomyelitis of the greater trochanter caused by a facultative anaerobic organism (Capnocytophaga ochracea) not known to cause infections in normal immunocompetent individuals, nor implicated in bone or joint infections even in compromised hosts . There remains a need to consider unusual organisms and to obtain accurate bacteriologic data in all cases of osteomyelitis.

Eur J Respir Dis, 1983 Nov, 64(8), 630 - 5
Isolated paratracheal mass of tuberculous origin in an adult patient; Vincken W et al.; A 40-year-old man presented with a solitary mediastinal (right paratracheal) mass which proved to be due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis . While the incidence of tuberculosis has diminished in our countries, such unusual manifestations of tuberculosis as the present case, are still encountered . Tuberculosis, the "perfect imitator", should be included in the differential diagnosis of a mediastinal mass . Excision for therapeutic, as well as histological and bacteriological diagnostic, purposes should be supplemented by appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy.

Infect Immun, 1983 Nov, 42(2), 510 - 5
Bacteriology of moderate (chronic) periodontitis in mature adult humans; Moore WE et al.; A total of 171 taxa was represented among 1,900 bacterial isolates from 60 samples of sites affected with moderate periodontitis in 22 mature adult humans . The composition of the subgingival sulcus flora was statistically significantly different from that of the adjacent supragingival flora and the subgingival flora of 14 people with healthy gingiva, but was not significantly different from that of sulci affected with severe periodontitis in 21 young human adults . The sulcus floras of moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis shared many of their predominant bacterial species, but there were differences in the relative proportions of some of these species . Similar relationships were found for seven taxa of treponemes that were cultured from the samples.

J Cell Physiol, 1983 Nov, 117(2), 249 - 56
Efficient differentiation of proadipocyte stem cells on nonadherent surfaces: evidence for differentiation without DNA synthesis; Yun K et al.; The differentiation of low density BALB/3T3 T proadipocytes that are cultured in standard tissue culture flasks can be induced by heparinized medium containing human plasma . It has been shown that under these conditions, cells first growth-arrest at a distinct state in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, designated GD, and thereafter differentiate within 8 to 12 days . In this paper, we report that the kinetics of proadipocyte differentiation can be significantly accelerated by culture of cells in differentiation-promoting medium on non-adherent surfaces, such as agarose-coated plates or bacteriological Petri dishes . Data also show that in a nonadherent microenvironment extensive differentiation can occur in the absence of DNA synthesis . This was established most convincingly by the demonstration that placement of mitotic cells in heparinized medium containing human plasma and hydroxyurea on agarose-coated Petri dishes induced 70-80% of the cells to GD arrest and differentiate without traversing the S phase of the cell cycle . It is concluded that under appropriate microenvironmental conditions metabolic events that occur solely in the late M or early G1 phase of the cell cycle can mediate the integrated control of proadipocyte proliferation and differentiation.

Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 1983 Nov, 5(1), 27 - 31
The use of a brucella protein antigen in dermal hypersensitivity as an adjunct method to diagnose bovine brucellosis; Nicoletti P; A total of 191 cows in 3 herds were injected with a brucella protein antigen in an effort to compare serologic and bacteriologic findings with delayed hypersensitivity and to possibly detect incubative brucellosis . Using cultural and serologic results, the responses to the BPA antigen were inferior to serologic tests in the diagnosis of infection . None of the 23 skin test positive/seronegative cows were positive on subsequent herd blood tests.

Diabetes Care, 1983 Nov-Dec, 6(6), 601 - 3
Fournier's syndrome in a ketoacidotic diabetic patient after intrascrotal insulin injections because of impotence; O'Dell K et al.; Fournier's syndrome is a necrotizing fasciitis most commonly confined to the male genitalia with high morbidity and mortality rates . The salient features are (1) sudden explosive illness in the midst of apparent health; (2) rapid necrosis and sloughing of tissues of the scrotum and penis; (3) absence of an obvious cause; (4) a mixed bacteriologic picture; and (5) gangrene affecting the whole thickness of the scrotal skin, but not the underlying testes . With the propensity toward life-threatening infections in patients with diabetes, it is surprising that Fournier's syndrome is not more common in suboptimally treated diabetic patients . This report is to illustrate the recognition and treatment of Fournier's syndrome in a patient with diabetes . Also, it must be emphasized that the explosive course of the disease process begins with a benign-appearing, epididymitis-like picture . Prompt recognition followed by prompt surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotic therapy along with surgical wound closure is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality . The present case is unusual for the following reasons: (1) necrosis of the testicles requiring orchiectomy; (2) extensive spread of gangrene beyond the genitalia; and (3) the route of infection, which appeared to be intrascrotal injections of insulin in a vain attempt to cure impotence.

Endoscopy, 1983 Nov, 15(6), 347 - 9
Endoscopic diagnosis of ascites in Assiut province, upper Egypt; Nafeh MA et al.; Fifty-nine case of ascites not due to cardiac or renal disease were subjected to clinical, endoscopic and laboratory investigations, including bacteriology and histopathology . Provisional diagnosis divided the cases into 38 patients with ascites as the main finding, and 21 patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites . After investigation, the final diagnosis was totally different from the provisional in 15 cases . Predominance of tuberculosis of the peritoneum per se or in addition to liver cirrhosis was striking, and its documentation was possible only through laparoscopy and biopsy . Oesophagoscopy, a simple procedure, revealing varices in undiagnosed ascites, points to liver cirrhosis . Laparoscopy confirms the diagnosis and reveals other additional factors for ascites as malignancy or tuberculosis.

Sem Hop, 1983 Oct 27, 59(39), 2719 - 24
{Role of Chlamydiae in genital infections in man}; Olier C et al.; The importance of the part played by Chlamydia trachomatis in male genital infections has only become apparent in recent years . In man, this bacteria is the main agent responsible for non-gonococcal urethritis and for at least 30% of the cases of acute epididymitis in adults . Although bacteriologically difficult, its identification is of great practical use, because of the hypersensitiveness of Chlamydia to tetracyclines.

Sem Hop, 1983 Oct 27, 59(39), 2716 - 7
{Hairy cell leukemia associated with tuberculosis, disclosed by erythema nodosum}; Schved JF et al.; A forty-two-year-old man presented with erythema nodosum of undeterminated etiology and pancytopenia . A bone marrow biopsy revealed extensive hairy-cell infiltration . Four months later, the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was suggested by the appearance of a pulmonary infiltrate in the left upper lobe . Despite antituberculous chemotherapy, the patient died . Post-mortem bacteriologic confirmation was given by sputum culture.

S Afr Med J, 1983 Oct 15, 64(17), 653 - 5
Taurolidine instillation as therapy for empyema thoracis . A prospective study of 50 patients; Conlan AA et al.; Fifty patients with chronic empyema thoracis, without bronchopleural fistula, were treated by drainage and twice-daily instillations of 2% taurolidine (Taurolin; Continental Ethicals) for 14 days . No antibiotics were used . Forty-three patients completed the treatment and 7 were withdrawn from the trial, 3 because of evidence of bronchopleural fistula and 1 each because of pain during instillation, associated chest-wall cellulitis, an unexplained, acute epilepsy-like episode during instillation, and inadvertent administration of antibiotics . All 43 patients who completed the trial showed an excellent clinical response with control of the local and systemic toxic effects of sepsis . A rapid falling-off in the volume and purulence of pleural drainage fluid was noted . Twenty-four of the 43 patients (55,8%) were rendered bacteriologically sterile by the treatment . Instillation of 2% taurolidine was therefore an effective form of monotherapy in cases of chronic empyema thoracis without bronchopleural fistula.

Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 1983 Oct 8, 287(6398), 1033 - 6
Laboratory and radiological investigations in general practice . I-Type requested and rate of use; Mills KA et al.; The use that 30 general practitioners in four group practices made of open access laboratory and radiological facilities was studied for one year . We were particularly interested in whether general practitioners hoped to exclude rather than confirm abnormality when requesting investigations . All but two of the general practitioners studied used investigations to exclude abnormality to a greater extent than to confirm it . The rate at which the practices investigated patients and the number of investigations requested were appreciably different and were different for individual general practitioners, part time general practitioners requesting more investigations than trainees and full time general practitioners . Haematological investigations accounted for over 30% of requests for investigations in all but one practice, biochemical investigations being requested as often as bacteriological investigations in two of the four practices . The ratio of expected to unexpected results varied among general practitioners; no general practitioner had more unexpected results and the range of ratios was similar for full time and part time general practitioners and for trainees . The proportion of patients with abnormalities uncovered by each practice increased disproportionately as the use of investigations increased, supporting a higher rather than lower rate of investigation among general practitioners . Compared with the results of other studies the use of the radiological facilities available was low . X ray examinations of the skeleton were requested more than chest and contrast media examinations by three of the four practices . Most x ray examinations were used to exclude rather than confirm abnormality by all the practices, with over 85% of results confirming the general practitioner's initial diagnosis.

Lepr India, 1983 Oct, 55(4), 686 - 93
A study of clinico-histologic correlation in lesions of borderline leprosy with multiple skin biopsies from different sites; Gupta S et al.; 20 active untreated cases of borderline leprosy were subdivided on clinical, bacteriological and immunological grounds . None had reactional episodes . Multiple skin biopsies from each one of them showed varied histopathology from different lesions . 84 out of 93 biopsies (90.3%) were found not to be in agreement with the clinical diagnosis . Even the multiple biopsies obtained from single large lesion revealed varied histopathological picture . The reason for the histopathological disparity has been postulated.

Epilepsia, 1983 Oct, 24(5), 584 - 7
An association between epileptic seizures and increased serum bacterial antibody levels; Iivanainen M et al.; Increased serum levels of a variety of bacterial antibodies were more common in unselected patients with recent epileptic seizures than in healthy control subjects (17/29 versus 2/31; p less than 0.001) . In most of these cases no infections were recognized clinically or bacteriologically . Although infections have been considered as one of the possible provocations for the manifestation of epileptic seizures, the demonstrated strong association may give a new approach to the pathogenetic mechanisms of epileptic seizures or may mean a nonspecific immune response . The explanation for the higher antibody titers in epileptic patients and their etiologic significance are uncertain, but these results also suggest that epileptic seizures may very often be triggered by bacterial infections even when no clinically apparent bacterial infection has been recognized.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 1983 Oct, 56(4), 341 - 50
Evaluation of osteogenesis following immediate and delayed reimplantation of frozen autogenous mandibular bone; Plezia RA et al.; A follow-up study of the feasibility of delayed reimplantation of frozen autogenous mandibles after ablative surgery for oral carcinomas with mandibular involvement was performed . Fifteen young adult mongrel dogs were used and evaluated clinically, bacteriologically, radiographically, histologically, and by radionuclide imaging . The animals were divided into two groups according to whether they underwent immediate or delayed reimplantation . These were subdivided into those who received grafts with and without autogenous marrow augmentation . The results were positive and suggested clinical evaluation . Twelve patients had undergone delayed reimplantation along with marrow augmentation over the past 3 years . Again, the results are most promising and we believe that, with further refinement, this technique will offer a new and acceptable modality for facial reconstruction in the cancer patient.

Int J Oral Surg, 1983 Oct, 12(5), 314 - 8
A study of operative treatment and bacteriological examination of persistent oro-antral fistulas; Sindet-Pedersen S et al.; A retrospective study of 35 patients with oro-antral fistulas of more than 2 weeks duration is presented . Treatment results by using the Rehrmann plastic procedure, as well as complications and sequelae are described . The results of bacteriological examination in 15 patients with maxillary sinusitis in association with oro-antral fistulas are presented . The bacteriological findings suggest that broad spectrum antibiotics in certain conditions should be administered in cases of persisting oro-antral fistulas associated with maxillary sinusitis . The results of the present study show that the Rehrmann-operation proves satisfactory even in treatment-resistent cases.

J Wildl Dis, 1983 Oct, 19(4), 308 - 14
Brucella spp . from the capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) in Venezuela: serologic studies and metabolic characterization of isolates; Lord VR et al.; A bacteriological and serological study of 201 wild capybara from the llanos, State of Apure, Venezuela was made to isolate Brucella from spleen and lymph node tissues and determine the role of this rodent as a reservoir of this bacteria . Twenty-three isolations were made, eight were identified as B . abortus and 15 as B . suis by oxidative metabolic techniques . A Poly B antigen in immunodiffusion in gel test was compared with other serologic tests . There was good correlation and 58% of sera were positive . The age and sex distribution of animals from which isolations were made and serological reactors indicated that this species may be an important alternate host of Brucella spp . in Venezuela.

Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1983 Oct, (10), 43 - 6
{Mechanism of the maintenance of the infective capacity of soil in a natural focus of leptospirosis}; Golubev MV et al.; The radioisotope modeling of the processes of the release of leptospires into the soil and the daily measurements of the radiation doses revealed that leptospires were regularly added by individual carriers, as well as by a group of carriers, into common infected spots on the territory of the infection focus . The frequency with which leptospires were added by a carrier into different infected spots varied: during 7 days leptospires were added 7 times and more into 16% of the spots, up to 5 times into 49% of the spots; into 35% of the spots no leptospires were added . The microscopic and bacteriological methods of investigation demonstrated that the regular release of leptospires into the infected spots resulted in maintaining the concentration of leptospires at such spots and their infective capacity . The number and distribution of these spots determined the stability of the epizootic potential of the territory.

Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol, 1983 Oct, 21(10), 535 - 9
Double-blind comparative trial of trimethoprim/sulfamethopyrazine once daily vs erythromycin 4 X daily in patients with ENT infections; Federspil P et al.; Forty-two patients suffering from acute or recurrent ENT infections were given either 250 mg erythromycin 4 X daily or a new sulfamethopyrazine/trimethoprim combination (200 + 250 mg) once daily after a double loading dose on the 1st day, for 12 days on the average . Otitis media and externa, perichondritis, maxillary and frontal sinusitis were the most frequent clinical pictures . Assessment of efficacy was based on the course of objective and subjective clinical symptoms and, whenever possible, on bacteriologic findings . The new sulfa-trimethoprim combination showed activity similar to the reference drug, but it may have the advantage of a simpler dosage schedule.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Oct, 36(10), 2733 - 41
{Clinical effect of cefotiam on otorhinolaryngologic infections}; Nakashima T et al.; The clinical effectiveness and safety of cefotiam (CTM) in infectious diseases in the field of otorhinolaryngology was evaluated from 30 patients (otitis media 18, pharyngeal infection 4, chronic paranasal sinusitis 1, esophagitis 1, acute bronchitis 1, others 4) . Side effect (fever, nausea) was found in a 14 years old male patient . Skin test revealed positive in 1 patient . These cases were excepted from evaluating clinical effectiveness of CTM . In 28 patients, the overall ratio of clinical effectiveness was 60.7% . In patients of otitis media, the clinical effectiveness ratio was 41.2%, whereas the ratio was 75.0--100% in patients of other diseases . In particular, the clinical effect was fair or poor in patients to whom the drug was given only once a day . These results suggest that this chemotherapeutic drug should be administered at least twice a day, particularly to the patients of otitis media . The bacteriological response to CTM was evaluated from 53 strains, isolated from 28 patients before treatment . Eradication rate of bacteria was 60.4% . No abnormal laboratory findings, relating to the drug, were observed after treatment.

Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1983 Oct, (10), 46 - 9
{Erysipeloid as an occupational disease of workers in shoe enterprises}; Popugailo VM et al.; An outbreak of erysipeloid among the workers of a shoe factory is described . The spread of infection occurred due to contact with infected raw materials, which was confirmed by the isolation of Erysipelotrix rhusiopathiae from washings made from chrome and Russia leather supplied by different tanneries, as well as from casein glue . The raw materials could be additionally infected by rodents, in particular by common voles; the above-mentioned infective agent had been repeatedly isolated from these animals on the territory of this region . Leather was also infected in the process of soaking: the infective agent was isolated from the water of soaking baths . For the first time the routes of the spread of erysipeloid infection among shoe factory workers were bacteriologically confirmed . The recommended complex of sanitary, medical and antiepidemic measures led to the liquidation of the outbreak and thus proved to be effective . The authors draw the attention of epidemiologists, sanitary inspectors, occupational pathologists and heads of medical centers at shoe factories to the necessity of preventing the spread of occupational erysipeloid infection among the workers, as well as to the necessity for dermatologists, surgeons and infectionists, most frequently dealing with erysipeloid patients, to be correctly oriented in respect to this infection.

Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 1983 Sep 16, 108(37), 1395 - 9
{Orotracheobronchial aspiration for bacteriologic and cytologic diagnosis}; Kruger C; A presently described new method for obtaining tracheal and bronchial secretions does not only represent an alternative to established methods, but also enlarges, due to its simple bedside performance, the indication for an invasive procedure, e . g . in pneumonias . Despite a transoral approach to trachea and bronchi bacterial contamination was excluded . Bacteriologic and cytologic results of orotracheobronchial aspiration in 25 patients with bronchopulmonary infections and one patient with eosinophilic pneumonia represented a valuable help for the correct diagnosis and thus for treatment.

Sem Hop, 1983 Sep 15, 59(32), 2257 - 9
{Inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis in palmoplantar pustulosis . Case report and review of the literature}; Manigand G et al.; The case of a 46-year-old woman, who had pustulosis palmaris three years ago, and who has been experiencing inflammatory arthritis of the manubriosternal joint for two years with intermittent exacerbations, is reported . The negative bacteriologic investigations and the failure of antibiotic therapy have established that the condition is aseptic . Among patients with a history of palmo-plantar pustulosis, approximately 10% have aseptic inflammatory arthritis or osteitis, most commonly in the anterior chest wall . Other sites are the sacroiliac joints and the spine, where radiological features mimic ankylosing spondylitis, and peripheral joints . Laboratory anomalies are not specific, and HLA B27 antigen is not associated with this syndrome . The course of the arthritis, with exacerbations and remissions, is generally benign . The relationship of this syndrome to psoriatic arthritis is unclear . Non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs are the most effective agents.

Biochemistry, 1983 Sep 13, 22(19), 4412 - 9
Multiple heparan sulfate proteoglycans synthesized by a basement membrane producing murine embryonal carcinoma cell line; Lowe-Krentz LJ et al.; The murine embryonal carcinoma derived cell line M1536-B3 secretes the basement membrane components laminin and entactin and, when grown in bacteriological dishes, produces and adheres to sacs of basement membrane components . Heparan sulfate proteoglycans have been isolated from these sacs, the cells, and the medium . At least three different heparan sulfate proteoglycans are produced by these cells as determined by proteoglycan size, glycosaminoglycan chain length, and charge density . The positions of the N- and O-sulfate groups in the glycosaminoglycan chains from each proteoglycan appear to be essentially the same despite differences in the size and culture compartment locations of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan . Additionally, small quantities of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are found in each fraction and copurify with each heparan sulfate proteoglycan . Because this cell line appears to synthesize at least three different heparan sulfate proteoglycans which are targeted to different final locations (basement membrane, cell surface, and medium), this will be a useful system in which to study the factors which determine final heparan sulfate proteoglycan structures and culture compartment targeting and the possible effects of the protein core(s) on heparan sulfate carbohydrate chain synthesis and secretion.

Clin Orthop, 1983 Sep, (178), 31 - 5
Use of antibiotics in open tibial fractures; Patzakis MJ et al.; Data concerning 1102 open fractures are presented with bacteriologic and antibiotic considerations analyzed in 363 open tibiae fractures treated in three prospective one-year studies during the period from 1970 to 1980 . The highest infection rate was in open tibiae receiving no antibiotics (24%, 6 infections in 25 open tibial fracture wounds), and the lowest was in the group receiving a cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside (4.5%, 5 infections in 109 open tibial fracture wounds).

Clin Orthop, 1983 Sep, (178), 303 - 11
A new model of bone infection used to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate cement; Rodeheaver GT et al.; An animal model of bone infection was designed for evaluation of the benefits of adding antibiotics to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement . Femora of New Zealand albino rabbits were exposed at the knee; the medullary canals were entered and the contents aspirated . A known number of bacteria was added to each femur before it was filled with either normal Surgical Simplex P bone cement or Surgical Simplex P antibiotic bone cement . The presence or absence of bone infection was documented by quantitative bacteriologic, roentgenographic, and histologic techniques . Simplex antibiotic bone cement prevented infection, even in the presence of 10(7) bacteria . The effectiveness of the antibiotic bone cement was correlated with the rapid release of high levels of erythromycin (14.1 micrograms/g) and colistin (11.3 micrograms/g) specifically at the site of bacterial contamination.

Obstet Gynecol, 1983 Sep, 62(3 Suppl), 26s - 28s
Urinoma in Pregnancy; Kramer RL; Urinoma, or pararenal pseudocyst, is most frequently the result of trauma . The patient described here presented with symptoms and signs of pyelonephritis, the diagnosis of which was not confirmed bacteriologically . Further investigation led to the diagnosis of urinoma . The pathogenesis and treatment are described.

Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 1983 Sep, 51(3), 374 - 7
The significance of dapsone (DDS)-resistant Mycobacterium leprae in untreated patients; Almeida JG et al.; In a stable rural population of South India, 18 consecutive untreated persons newly discovered to have leprosy with a Bacterial Index (BI) greater than or equal to 2+ were tested for Mycobacterium leprae resistant to dapsone (DDS) by the mouse foot pad test . Of 12 successful tests, five detected resistant M . leprae . Known contact with a treated patient in the ten years preceding the diagnosis of leprosy was not found to increase the risk of DDS-resistant M . leprae occurring in an untreated, newly diagnosed patient . This data is consistent with the bulk of evidence in the field of bacteriology, which makes it seem unlikely that treated patients are the only source, or even the major source, of resistant M . leprae in untreated patients . Bacterial mutants resistant to a drug have been shown to precede initial use of the drug . Tests for drug-resistant bacteria in untreated patients before a drug is widely used in a community are likely to be important for subsequent evaluation of resistance to the drug in that community.

Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 1983 Sep, 84(9), 749 - 52
{Studies on total colectomy, mucosal proctectomy and ileoanal anastomosis (ileoanostomy)}; Utsunomiya J; Studies have been made in order to establish a practical operative procedure of the ileoanostomy as well as to understand its postoperative pathophysiology using 45 patients including 34 with familial polyposis and 11 with ulcerative colitis those which have been followed up for 1 to 4 years . Three major technical problems here with challenged are how to minimize the complications, how to improve the bowel function and how to simplify the procedure . Our J-pouch method was found to have better bowel function compared with those without a pouch and those with H-pouch and also considered to be superior to S-pouch, with its consistent spontaneous evacuation and with a simpler construction . The length of rectal cuff was found to be able to be minimized down to just above the levator muscle without disturbing the bowel function, based on our experiences on two polyposis cases with rectal cancers . The short rectal cuff of about 7-6 cm was considered to be the method of choice for eliminating the cuff abscess in addition to routine use of a diverting ileostomy, and for technical simplification . Ano-abdominal rectal mucosectomy at prone-jack-knife position is recommended to achieve further technical feasibility . The pathophysiological studies including anorectal manometry, intestinal transit time, physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis of the stool, water absorption of the ileal neorectum as well as the systemic metabolic studies supported favorable clinical result of our method . Ileoanostomy by our principle consisting of J-pouch, short cuff and loop-ileostomy, was concluded to be a break through to avoid an abdominal ileostomy after total proctocolectomy.

Arch Latinoam Nutr, 1983 Sep, 33(3), 606 - 19
{Analysis of the seed Bixa orellana, L . (annatto) and the waste generated in the extraction of its pigments}; Wurts ML et al.; Annatto seed (Bixa orellana, L.) contains colored pigments (bixin and orelline) on its outer surface which at present are currently used as coloring agents in the food industry . This seed was analyzed, with and without the pigment--which was extracted by the vegetable oil method--so as to establish the possible use of the extracted seed which nowadays is considered as waste . Different dehulling and defatting treatments were applied to the annatto seed in order to obtain a flour with a greater protein content, and to diminish its crude fiber level . The different flours were then subjected to proximate analysis; protein quality was determined by amino acid analysis, and toxicological factors, mineral and vitamin contents, fatty acid profile, breakdown potential by measurement of feed digestion in the rumen of fistulated goats, fiber fractions, and bacteriological determinations were also performed . A protein content of 13.7% was determined in the seed without pigment, which increased to 14.8% with the dehulling and defatting procedures, thus reducing the crude fiber level from 14.4% to 6.5% . The results showed that the limiting amino acid is tryptophan . The toxicity level was found to be of no importance, and the vitamin and mineral content as well as the fiber fractions were very similar to those determined in cereals, but with a higher level of carotenoids . A satisfactory dry matter degradation index was obtained in the digestibility test done in ruminants . According to the above-mentioned results, it is possible to use this resource as a feed and, when mixed with other materials, as a food in human nutrition.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Sep, 36(9), 2562 - 70
{Clinical evaluation of cefroxadine in the field of obstetrics and gynecology}; Motomori R et al.; Clinical studies of cefroxadine (CXD), a new orally active of cephalosporin, in obstetrical and gynecological field were performed, and the results were summarized as follows . CXD was orally administered to 16 cases of obstetrical and gynecological infections in daily dose 750 approximately 1,500 mg . Clinical efficacy was 88.9% in endometritis (9 cases), 100% in cervicitis (2 cases), 75% in adnexitis (4 cases) and 100% in suppurative haematoma vulva (1 case), respectively . Overall efficacy was 87.5% (14/16) . Clinical efficacy classified by caused organisms was 83.3% (10/12) overall, and bacteriological effect was 91.7% (11/12) . Neither side effects nor abnormalities in laboratory findings caused by this drug were observed . Based on these results, CXD should be considered a very safe and useful drug for treating obstetrical and gynecological infections.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Sep, 36(9), 2515 - 20
{New oral cephem antibiotic, cefroxadine capsules, against superficial suppurative disease in the field of surgery}; Abe N et al.; Cefroxadine was administered at dose level of 750 mg/day to 21 cases of superficial suppurative diseases and the following results were obtained: The effective rate determined by the treating doctor was 9/21 (42.9%) . The effective rate by the evaluation standard was 12/21 (57.1%) . The negative-conversion rate was 11/11 (100%) in the 11 cases in which bacteriological effects were clarified . No side effects were observed in all of the 21 cases.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Sep, 36(9), 2409 - 22
{Experimental and clinical evaluation of latamoxef during the peripaturient period}; Ninomiya K et al.; The concentrations of latamoxef (LMOX) in maternal serum, fetal cord serum and amniotic fluid were measured simultaneously at various times after administration to parturient women . The drug concentrations in fetal cord serum taken from 11 minutes to 12 hours and 37 minutes after administration ranged from 1.1 to 16 micrograms/ml . At the points from 3 to 5 hours after administration the maximum level of LMOX seems to be attained there . LMOX in amniotic fluid was increasing gradually to be attained 21.0 micrograms/ml as the peak concentration at 5 hours after administration . Thereafter, it began to decrease very slowly, 6.9 micrograms/ml was still kept in amniotic fluid at 19 hours after . These findings lead expectation that the effective concentration to mainly recognized pathogens from obstetrical and gynecological infections was kept in amniotic fluid through 19 hours or more . LMOX was given to each 4 peripartal and puerperal infections and 11 patients with premature rupture of the membranes for the purpose of prophylaxis . All cases showed effective responses clinically and bacteriologically . Neither noteworthy adverse reactions nor laboratory data abnormalities were caused throughout the studies.

Aust Vet J, 1983 Sep, 60(9), 264 - 7
Evaluation of surface components of Brucella ovis as antigens for the detection of precipitin antibody in serums from artificially exposed rams; Chin JC et al.; Surface components of Brucella ovis obtained by gentle physical shearing were tested as a potentially useful source of reagent for selective serological diagnosis . These antigens were used in a radial immunodiffusion (RID) test against serum from rams which had been inoculated with infective semen containing B . ovis by one of 4 routes namely mating rams with ewes previously inoculated intravaginally with infective semen, or by direct inoculation in the prepuce, rectum or nasal passage . Loosely attached surface antigens in the RID test formed precipitin bands with serums collected from rams 2 and 10 weeks after inoculation . In contrast, a detergent extracted membrane antigen B developed precipitin bands only with serum collected 10 weeks after inoculation from rams confirmed bacteriologically to be infected with B . ovis in the genital tract . The route by which the rams were artificially exposed did not affect the outcome of the RID test using the membrane B antigen . However, all experimentally exposed rams had demonstrable CF titres when a heat extracted antigen was used.

Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 1983 Sep-Oct, 121(5), 584 - 92
{Bacterial studies of wound and drainage systems and their correlation with clinical findings}; Harle A et al.; The wound secretions of the 1st and 2nd postoperative day as well as the drain tip of the 2nd postoperative day were examined bacteriologically . As a result it was found that with the increasing duration of drainage there was also an increase of the contamination rate . The exchange of the suction flasks, which seldom is performed in a hygienically unobjectionable way, was found to be especially problematical . If several bacteriological data are available, the bacteriology of the wound drainage is a simple, but informative way to diagnose the situation of wound healing . It was possible in the present study on 103 Redon drainages to show at the 2 wound infections occurred that the bacteria and/or bacterial combinations ascertained in the wound secretion and at the drain tip were the very same as were found later when the wound infection application became manifest . The systematic application of antibiotics have influence upon the identification of germs and may be responsible for any falsely negative result . The correlation with clinical data, such as body temperature and wound infection, makes evident that in many cases the identification of germs in the drainage system is of clinical importance.

Am J Dis Child, 1983 Sep, 137(9), 851 - 6
Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of infective endocarditis in children; Kavey RE et al.; We examined 11 children with infective endocarditis initially and serially by two-dimensional echocardiography . Nine (82%) of the 11 patients had echocardiographic findings at initial examination compatible with infective endocarditis . These results provided strong evidence in support of the diagnosis before bacteriologic confirmation was available . Congestive heart failure, major emboli, and/or the need for surgical intervention occurred in seven of the nine patients with positive two-dimensional echocardiograms . Echocardiographic evidence of vegetations persisted during antibiotic therapy and resolved slowly during many months . Serial echocardiograms were useful in cases in which obvious valve destruction or marked increase in vegetation size imaged echocardiographically could be combined with clinical evidence of progressive heart failure to support a decision for early surgical intervention . Two-dimensional echocardiography can make important contributions to the diagnosis and management of children with infective endocarditis.

Tubercle, 1983 Sep, 64(3), 201 - 10
Serology of tuberculosis . II . Measurement of antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a passive haemagglutination test in human tuberculosis; Jagannath C et al.; A simple and sensitive passive haemagglutination (PHA) test has been evaluated in the serology of human tuberculosis . Double aldehyde stabilized red cells were sensitized with cell extracts and PPD antigens from M . tuberculosis (H37Rv) and used as reagents in the test . The study was conducted on sera from 71 bacteriologically confirmed cases of tuberculosis and their controls, inclusive of 59 healthy blood donors and 28 non-tuberculous chest disease patients . In addition, 318 random samples of sera and 107 finger prick blood samples collected on filter papers from apparently healthy people were examined . For comparative evaluation, tuberculous patients' sera were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) . The distribution of IgG and IgM type antimycobacterial antibodies (AMA) in tuberculous patients' sera was evaluated by a modified PHA test . The results of the study indicated that the PHA test was a sensitive method for the quantitation of antibodies, which could be demonstrated in all groups of sera studied . The PHA test and ELISA with the antigens used were not found to be specific enough for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis; the results indicated the need to investigate several immunological approaches for this purpose . Both tests did differentiate between the mean AMA levels of tuberculous patients and their controls and both showed treated and relapsed cases of tuberculosis to contain higher serum levels of antibodies than did new cases . Both tests were found to be more sensitive than CIE with the intermediate gel technique . The PHA test was found to be sensitive enough for the measurement of antibodies in finger-prick blood samples, indicating its potential for field studies.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Sep, 36(9), 2595 - 634
{Double-blind comparative trial of cefroxadine and cephalexin in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media}; Baba S et al.; A double-blind controlled trial of cefroxadine (CXD) 250 mg t.i.d . was undertaken to objectively evaluate its safety and effectiveness in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, using cephalexin (CEX) 250 mg q.i.d . as a control drug, and the following results were obtained . In the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media, the 2 drugs produced almost equal outcomes, showing no significant difference in assessments of both overall effects and usefulness . In the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, the 2 drugs exhibited no significant difference as well in overall effects by Wilcoxon's two-sample test . However, the CEX group had significantly more nonresponsive patients, i.e . 35.5% as compared with 9.7% of the CXD group (chi 2-test, P less than 0.05) . In the assessment of clinical usefulness as well, no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups . In the assessment of overall effects based on the patients whose isolated organisms were sensitive to the drugs, CEX group had more patients not responding to the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media (chi 2-test, P less than 0.05) . Bacteriological effects were not significantly different between the 2 drugs in both acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media . Overall safety rating was not significantly different between the 2 drugs . Side effects occurred as the symptoms of digestive organ in 2 patients each in both groups (equally an incidence of 2.6%) . As for the improvement of each symptom after treatment (assessed on day 3), CXD was superior in the improvement rate of otorrhea volume as the main symptom of acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, while CEX was superior in that of otoobstruction feeling . From the above findings, it is presumed that CXD is a safe drug which can exhibit equal or superior therapeutic effects to CEX in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, at 3/4 of the CEX dose level.

Tubercle, 1983 Sep, 64(3), 153 - 66
Controlled clinical trial of 4 short-couse regimens of chemotherapy (three 6-month and one 8-month) for pulmonary tuberculosis; The effect of ischemia of the dog's colon on transmural migration of bacteria and endotoxin; The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of temporary ischemia created during the surgical preparation of the colon for resection on transmural migration of bacteria and passage of endotoxin through the ischemic wall of the canine colon . Eighteen dogs were used: in fourteen the colon was devascularized by ligating all marginal vessels . Aerobic and anaerobic cultures and washings for endotoxin assay were obtained from the surface of the bowel at intervals up to 6 hr after creating the ischemia . Peripheral and portal blood samples were also obtained at equal intervals for bacteriologic cultures and endotoxin assay . Bacterial transmural migration was examined in 10 dogs . In 6 of the dogs biologically marked bacteria were introduced into the colon via a rectal catheter before producing the ischemia . In 4 dogs radioactively labeled endotoxin was introduced into the colon in a similar fashion . In all the dogs, surface cultures, both routine and specific for the marked bacteria, were negative for the whole period of up to 6 hr after creation of ischemia . All portal and peripheral vein cultures were also negative . Transmural migration of endotoxin was investigated in 8 dogs, 4 of which served as controls and underwent a sham operation . In the 4 dogs in which the colon was devascularized endotoxin was discovered in peritoneal washings, and in portal and systemic blood samples, as early as 30 min after the preparation of the bowel was completed . In the control dogs endotoxin assays were negative throughout the experiment . In this model up to 6 hr of ischemia did not result in migration of bacteria through the ischemic wall . Endotoxin, however, entered the peritoneum and the blood very soon after producing the ischemia.

J Clin Pathol, 1983 Sep, 36(9), 987 - 90
Bacteriological examination of removed cerebrospinal fluid shunts; Bayston R et al.; A conventional method of bacteriological examination of removed cerebrospinal fluid shunts was compared with another method which relies on microscopic and cultural examination of intraluminal fluid . Fifty-five shunts were tested . All eight cases of clinical shunt infection gave positive results with the latter method, whereas a further 23 shunts yielded positive cultures by the conventional method in the absence of clinical infection . The consequences of missed infections due to omission of microscopic examination and overdiagnosis using the conventional culture method are discussed.

J Hosp Infect, 1983 Sep, 4(3), 291 - 5
Bacterial contamination of 'Venflon' intravenous cannulae with valved injection sideport; Grabe N et al.; Eighty-eight intravenous cannulae with valved injection sideports were examined bacteriologically after approximately three days (64-80 h) normal clinical use . Three methods of culture of the cannulae were used, which distinguished contamination of the outer and inner surfaces as well as detecting bacteria remaining on the inner cannula surface following a washing procedure of the lumen . Of the cannulae sampled, 40.9 per cent were found to be contaminated on their inner surfaces and no correlation was obtained between use of the sideport and contamination of the cannulae at this site . It was concluded that contamination of a cannula lumen did not necessarily result in bacteraemia.

J Hosp Infect, 1983 Sep, 4(3), 269 - 77
A clinical and bacteriological evaluation of a re-use system for disposable haemodialysers; Kolmos HJ; Re-use of disposable haemodialysers, cleaned and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and benzoic acid, was evaluated bacteriologically and clinically during the course of 514 dialysis treatments, performed with 206 RP6 dialysers used up to three times . Microbial contamination of the dialysers, which may be ascribed to the re-use system, was not observed . At the start of the dialyses, contamination of the dialysate compartment was lower in re-used dialysers, but during the dialyses it increased more rapidly than in dialysers used for the first time . Contamination of the blood compartment was the same with new and re-used dialysers . Clinical side effects, which may be ascribed to the re-use of dialysers, were not observed . The tested re-use system is hygienically acceptable and can be recommended for routine use, provided that the contamination of the dialysate is kept at a level below 10(4) cfu/ml and restricted to micro-organisms of low pathogenicity . A continuing bacteriological test sampling system is advisable.

Vet Rec, 1983 Aug 20, 113(8), 174 - 6
Isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from a viable premature calf; Giles N et al.; A severe outbreak of agalactia in a dairy herd of 80 cows was followed by six premature calvings and an abortion . Serological and bacteriological studies identified Leptospira hardjo as the probable cause . A leptospire isolated from the kidney of a premature calf killed seven weeks post partum was identified as hardjo and it is probable that this infection was acquired in utero . The maintenance of such an infection for a considerable period after birth has not been previously described and may play a role in the transmission of hardjo to susceptible in-contact animals.

J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1983 Aug, 65(4), 502 - 6
A bacteriologically occlusive clothing system for use in the operating room; Whyte W et al.; A comparison was made in a laminar-flow operating room between total-body exhaust gowns and a clothing system made from Fabric 450 . This disposable clothing was found to be much more comfortable and convenient than the total-body exhaust gowns . The average airborne bacterial counts obtained during total hip replacement operations from each of the clothing systems were identical when the downflow method of ventilation was used (0.7 per cubic metre) and no significant difference could be demonstrated when the crossflow system was used (2.2 per cubic metre with the total-body exhaust gowns and 3.1 per cubic metre with the disposable clothing) . Tests in a dispersal chamber were carried out to find the effectiveness of each item of the disposable clothing in reducing bacterial dispersion . These tests demonstrated the relative ineffectiveness of wearing a surgical gown as compared with wearing the complete system . It was confirmed bacteriologically that the downflow system of ventilation was more efficient than the crossflow type; the importance of this observation with respect to clothing and sepsis is discussed in this paper.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Aug, 36(8), 2171 - 6
{Clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in 6 cases of infection in children}; Terashima I et al.; Cefpiramide (CPM) was given to 4 patients with respiratory tract infection (H . influenzae 3 cases, P . aeruginosa 1 case), 1 patient with enteritis (enteropathogenic E . coli) and 1 patient with sepsis (E . cloacae) . Bacteriological eradication was observed in 5 cases (83.3%), and clinical effectiveness was 66.7% . Serum concentration of CPM at a dose of 15 mg/kg after intravenous drip-infusion for 30 minutes was 105 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion and 67 micrograms/ml at 1 hour . Bacteriological eradication by the administration of CPM was rapidly occurred in 3 strains of H . influenzae including 1 strain of beta-lactamase producing ABPC-resistant one, and 1 strain of P . aeruginosa in the sputum . One patient aged 2 years and 5 months with pneumonia was cured by the treatment of CPM as an outpatient . No side effects were observed except 1 case of vascular pain . It was concluded that CPM is a useful drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.

Acta Orthop Scand, 1983 Aug, 54(4), 589 - 91
Bacteriological swabs in hip surgery; Anderton JM et al.; A prospective trial was carried out in 70 patients undergoing elective total hip replacement, in order to correlate bacterial contaminants in the wound at operation with the subsequent clinical results . A new method of collecting bacteria via a swab left in the wound for the duration of the operation proved to be as effective as the conventional swabbing technique in patients with known previous hip sepsis who, following revision surgery, showed evidence of further infection.

Vestn Khir Im I I Grek, 1983 Aug, 131(8), 50 - 4
{Course of the wound process during treatment with immobilized proteolytic enzymes}; Kogan AS et al.; Clinical, morphological, biochemical and bacteriological examinations have shown the immobilized proteolytic enzyme "profezym" to shorten the phase of cleaning the wound and in combination with antiseptic drugs to lessen the bacterial dissemination of the tissues as well as to strengthen and accelerate regeneration processes both in acute pyo-necrotic diseases and in continuous non-healing wounds.

Clin Nucl Med, 1983 Aug, 8(8), 344 - 6
The role of Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate in predicting the cure of osteomyelitis; Graham GD et al.; Twenty rabbits with chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia were treated for eight weeks and then scanned with Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate . All were sacrificed and bacteriologic cultures of the tibia were obtained . All rabbits had positive Tc-99m MDP scans at the end of treatment despite thirteen cures of osteomyelitis . Eight had negative gallium scans and negative cultures . Five of the twelve positive gallium scans had negative cultures, while seven had positive cultures . Tc-99m MDP alone is not sensitive enough to be useful in predicting the cure of osteomyelitis, and combining Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate scintigrams offers no additional information over the Ga-67 citrate scintigram alone in follow-up of osteomyelitis.

Can Med Assoc J, 1983 Jul 15, 129(2), 146 - 7
Solitary penile ulcer associated with infections mononucleosis; Lawee D et al.; Determining the cause of genital ulcers requires extensive laboratory investigation, particularly if there is no history of sexually transmitted disease . In a patient with a solitary penile erosion who was tired, weak, sweaty and febrile, hematologic and serologic tests suggested infectious mononucleosis, and bacteriologic and serologic studies, along with attempts at virus culture, ruled out syphilis and herpes simplex . The erosion healed soon after the other signs and symptoms resolved . It therefore appears that solitary penile erosions may be a presenting feature of infectious mononucleosis.

Transfusion, 1983 Jul-Aug, 23(4), 325 - 7
Collection and preservation of human placental blood; Brandes JM et al.; High-risk premature infants require red cell transfusions for anemia . Placental blood for autologous transfusions can be collected sterilely into citrate-phosphate-dextrose and stored at 4 degrees C . During storage for 8 days, the placental red cell content of adenosine triphosphate remained normal . The 2,3,-diphosphoglycerate concentration of cells stored 8 days declined sharply; however, the P50 value of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve declined to 24.4 +/- 2.40 torr . During storage, placental blood underwent an exchange of extracellular Na+ and K+, but no change in glutathione content . Hemolysis was less than 1 percent . Bacteriologic and fungal cultures remained sterile . These in vitro studies suggest that human placental blood can be collected safely and preserved effectively for autologous red cell transfusion therapy.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Jul, 36(7), 1900 - 51
{Experimental and clinical evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in children}; Motohiro T et al.; Plasma levels of ampicillin (ABPC) after the single rectal insertion of KS-R1 at doses of 125 and 250 mg in 154 children reached a peak at 11 approximately 15 minutes in children of age less than 1 year old, at 16 approximately 20 minutes in children of 1 approximately 3 years, 4 approximately 6 years and more than 7 years old with the highest levels of 11.50, 8.69, 10.33 and 8.30 micrograms/ml, respectively . Highest plasma levels of ABPC were 6.48, 8.00, 12.32 and 17.83 micrograms/ml by the administration of KS-R1 at doses of less than 10.9 mg/kg, 11.0 approximately 15.9, 16.0 approximately 20.9 mg/kg and more than 21.0 mg/kg, respectively, with dose-dependent response which were observed at 11 approximately 15 minutes or 16 approximately 20 minutes . There was no difference of plasma levels between the administration of 125 and 250 mg of KS-R1 . The pain of insertion was observed in 0.6% of total 167 cases, the feeling of defecation in 2.4% and the discharge of suppository or its dissolved material or defecation within 30 minutes after insertion in 12.6%, without the influence of patients ages and dosage level . These figures were almost the same as those after the insertion of other suppositories such as erythromycin suppository or antipyretic suppository . Clinical effectiveness of KS-R1 was examined in 51 childish patients with various infections . KS-R1 was rectally given to them at doses of average 41.6 mg/kg/day divided into 3 to 4 times for 7 days . All cases showed excellent and good effects . Bacteriologically, all pathogens which were isolated from 12 patients were eradicated.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Jul, 36(7), 1882 - 7
{Clinical evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in pediatrics}; Kida K et al.; Blood level of ampicillin (ABPC) after the administration of ABPC suppository (KS-R1) reached a peak in 15 approximately 60 minutes with the level of 300 ng/ml at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day . This level was almost the same as that after the intramuscular injection of ABPC, and higher than that after the oral administration of ABPC which were reported . The clinical effective rate (excellent and good) of KS-R1 was more the 95%, and the overall effective rate including bacteriological effect was more than 95% . It is concluded that KS-R1 is a useful drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in pediatric field.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Jul, 36(7), 1806 - 13
{Experimental and clinical studies of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in pediatrics}; Jozaki K et al.; Blood levels of ampicillin (ABPC) were measured in 10 childish patients with heart disease after the rectal administration of KS-R1 at doses of 125 mg and 250 mg . Average blood levels of ABPC at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2 hours and 4 hours after the administration of KS-R1 were 6.8, 6.9, 3.1, 1.1 mcg/ml and 0.1 mcg/ml with half-life of 0.64 hours in patients of age from 1 year to 4 years 7 months old (dose level 8.9 approximately 13.9 mg/kg, average 10.5 mg/kg), and 5.2, 6.1, 3.4, 1.0 mcg/ml and 0.1 mcg/ml with half-life of 0.65 hours in patients of age from 7 years 10 months to 10 years 7 months old (dose level 8.3 approximately 13.9 mg/kg, average 9.8 mg/kg), respectively . Clinical effective rate (excellent and good) was 87% in 55 childish patients with infections . Bacteriologically, 13 strains (74%) out of 18 strains which were isolated from the patients were eradicated . No severe side effects were observed . Diarrhea was observed in 3 cases.

J Wildl Dis, 1983 Jul, 19(3), 185 - 91
Experimental infection of some North American wild ruminants and domestic sheep with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: clinical and bacteriological findings; Williams ES et al.; Mycobacterium paratuberculosis originally isolated from bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) with spontaneous paratuberculosis was used to orally inoculate Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) calves, mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) fawns, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns, bighorn X mouflon (Ovis musimon) hybrid lambs, and domestic lambs . All experimentally exposed animals became infected . During the first year of infection, hybrid and domestic sheep were able to control the infection but infection was progressive in elk and deer . Clinical paratuberculosis occurred only in mule deer.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Jul, 36(7), 1973 - 94
{Therapeutic evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) used against acute suppurative otitis media in children: a comparison with an oral preparation}; Baba S et al.; A comparative well-controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of KS-R1 (ampicillin rectal suppository, 125 mg X 4/day) administered to the rectum as compared with those of orally administered ampicillin (ABPC) with same dosage . The results obtained were as follows . The clinical effect of the drug was judged in 100 cases (suppository group in 45 cases, oral group in 55 cases) out of 111 cases . The overall efficacy rates evaluated on standard criteria were 93.3% for the suppository group and 89.1% for the oral group . There was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups . Evaluation by stratification according to the dose, disease type and age also revealed a slightly higher efficacy rate on each parameter in the suppository group, but no significant difference between 2 groups . The bacteriological effects evaluated in 84 cases (suppository group in 38 cases, oral group in 46 cases) were 94.7% and 93.5%, respectively . There was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups . Side effects were evaluated in 101 cases (suppository group in 46 cases, oral group in 55 cases), but the incidence rate showed no significant difference between the 2 groups; 3 cases (each 1 of abdominal pain, periproctal redness and periproctal erosion) were observed in suppository group and 2 cases (each 1 of stomach pain + soft stool and diarrhea) in oral group . The results indicate that KS-R1 is equally effective and tolerable against acute suppurative otitis media compared to oral administration of ABPC, and considered to be useful.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 1983 Jul, 12 Suppl A, 9 - 20
A multicentre prospective randomized trial comparing ceftazidime with cefazolin/tobramycin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with non-pneumococcal pneumonia; Mandell LA et al.; A multicentre prospective randomized control trial was done to compare the efficacy and toxicity of ceftazidime with that of cefazolin/tobramycin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with non-pneumococcal pneumonia . The results for 50 patients are reported in this paper; 24 in the ceftazidime group and 26 in the cefazolin/tobramycin group . Measurements of clinical response show no differences between the two groups: the same is true for bacteriological response . Minimal toxicity was seen with both treatment groups . The results support the use of ceftazidime as single-drug treatment of hospitalized patients with pneumonia.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 1983 Jul, 12 Suppl A, 89 - 92
Ceftazidime compared to tobramycin and ticarcillin in immunocompromised haematological patients; Reilly JT et al.; Tobramycin and ticarcillin has been compared to ceftazidime in a clinical study on immunocompromised patients with febrile episodes . In the tobramycin and ticarcillin group (A) 70 febrile episodes occurred (10 being unassessable) in 43 patients of which 16 (23%) were bacteriologically positive . Forty-three episodes occurred during neutropenia . In the ceftazidime group (B) 54 febrile episodes (6 being unassessable) were treated in 34 patients . Eleven (20%) were bacteriologically positive and 30 episodes occurred during neutropenia . Clinical cure in group A occurred in 39 episodes, 65% of assessable cases . Cures in group B numbered 27 out of 54 episodes (56% of assessable cases) . Clinical failure among evaluable cases, that is no decrease in fever in three days, was 22% in group A and 31% in group B . These results, within the limitation of the study, suggest that ceftazidime given alone at a dosage of 1 g tds is not significantly worse than tobramycin 120 mg tds plus ticarcillin 2 g tds.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 1983 Jul, 12 Suppl A, 383 - 7
Experience with ceftazidime in obstetrics and gynaecology in Japan; Takase Z; The effects of ceftazidime were evaluated in 238 patients . Among these patients 221 (93%) were assessed as having either 'excellent' or 'good' clinical responses . Bacteriologically, in 102 (87%) out of 117 cases, the causative organisms were either eliminated or replaced . Adverse events noted were limited to mild rashes in 2 patients and gastric discomfort in another . Penetration of ceftazidime into uterine tissues was studied and, following an intravenous bolus dose of 1 g, concentrations in various parts of the uterus averaged 36 to 57 mg/kg at 11 to 26 min . Concentrations in intrapelvic fluid in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy averaged 37 mg/l at 30 min after an intravenous bolus injection of 1 g, and 23 mg/l at 30 min after completion of a 60-min infusion.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 1983 Jul, 12 Suppl A, 347 - 51
Ceftazidime as a single agent in the management of children with fever and neutropenia; Morgan G et al.; Fifty consecutive episodes of fever in neutropenic children with malignant disease or aplastic anaemia were randomized to treatment with either ceftazidime alone or a combination of azlocillin and tobramycin, pending the results of bacteriological investigation . More than 90% of organisms isolated from these episodes were sensitive to ceftazidime, which appears to be a non-toxic alternative to aminoglycosides in such circumstances.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 1983 Jul, 12 Suppl A, 21 - 5
Ceftazidime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection; Peirce TH et al.; Forty patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection requiring hospital admission were treated with ceftazidime . One patient developed acute dyspnoea after the first dose of the drug which was considered to be drug related and treatment was discontinued . All remaining patients were clinically assessed as being either cured or improved . In all cases that were bacteriologically assessable the pathogens were eradicated . One patient developed erythema multiforme after the end of ceftazidime treatment; this was considered to be possibly drug related.

Am J Vet Res, 1983 Jul, 44(7), 1197 - 202
Contagious equine metritis: distribution of organisms in experimental infection of mares; Acland HM et al.; After contagious equine metritis bacteria were inoculated into the uterus of mares, genital tract tissues were examined for presence of the organism by bacteriologic cultural technique and an indirect immunofluorescent staining technique . Up to 14 days after mares were inoculated, the organism was frequently in the lumen of the uterus and in the cervix and, less frequently, in the vagina, vestibule, clitoral fossa, clitoral sinus, and uterine tubes . After 21 to 116 days, the organism was occasionally found on the ovarian surface, in the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina and more frequently in the clitoral sinus and clitoral fossa . The distribution of organisms in the remainder of the genital tract was not different in mares that had been clitorectomized.

Am J Dis Child, 1983 Jul, 137(7), 645 - 9
Systemic bacterial infections in neonatal deaths; Eisenfeld L et al.; Bacterial were identified in 126 blood and CSF cultures obtained in 311 consecutive neonatal deaths (41%) . These postmortem cultures were of diagnostic value, providing the sole means for definitive bacteriologic diagnosis in 82 (65%) of the 126 infected infants . Similarity of organisms found in specimens before and after death (identical in 25 of 26), similar identity of organisms identified by histologic Gram's stain and culture (the same in 48 of 49), and the identical nature of organisms identified from blood and CSF sites (the same in 43 of 43) support the validity of these cultures . Bacterial infection remains a serious problem in neonatal intensive care . The scope of this problem may be underestimated if postmortem cultures are not obtained.

S Afr Med J, 1983 Jun 11, 63(24), 933 - 5
Overdiagnosis of tuberculosis . Case reports; Gill GV et al.; Six cases are presented in which tuberculosis (TB) was wrongly diagnosed . The patients were all Blacks from areas of high TB prevalence, and treatment for presumed TB was instituted without bacteriological confirmation . There were delays of up to 2 years before the correct diagnosis was made, involving much morbidity and unnecessary treatment . There was one potentially preventable death.

Am Rev Respir Dis, 1983 Jun, 127(6), 790 - 6
Treatment of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases; A new method for automatic metaphase finding adaptable to different chromosome preparations; A FORTRAN computer program, running on a Digital PDP 11-34 minicomputer, has been developed for use in conjunction with a Cambridge Quantimet 720 image analyzer for the investigation of metaphase preparations in routine cytogenetics . During a short initiation phase the program is adapted to the type of metaphase being analyzed . The program is fast and its performance is good, even at low microscopic magnifications . It has other uses in biology for all investigations and characterizations of small distinct elements widely spread within a preparation (e.g., autoradiography, bacteriology).

Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 1983 Jun, 51(2), 159 - 68
Lepromin conversion in repeatedly lepromin negative BL/LL patients after immunization with autoclaved Mycobacterium w; Chaudhuri S et al.; Thirty-two clinically, histopathologically confirmed cases of BL/LL leprosy were rendered bacteriologically negative by prolonged chemotherapy . All of them were negative to Mitsuda and Dharmendra lepromin at the start of study . They were immunized with a single intradermal injection of 5 X 10(7) autoclaved Mycobacterium w and were retested for lepromin reaction 4-6 weeks later . Twenty subjects gave at this time a positive reaction with both Dharmendra and Mitsuda lepromins . The histology of biopsies from converted cases showed mononuclear infiltration in all and granuloma formation in 12 of the 20 positive cases . The stability of the conversion of the patients' lepromin positivity was investigated 6-11 months after immunization with Mycobacterium w . Patients who were earlier converted to a positivity status remained positive in the skin test response to M . leprae . The leukocytes of these patients produced lymphokines on culture with lepromin, causing leukocyte migration inhibition . Patients who did not convert earlier continued to remain anergic to lepromin . These results suggest a conversion, stable for several months, to lepromin positivity caused by immunization with Mycobacterium w in about 60% of BL/LL leprosy patients.

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 1983 Jun, 1(2), 89 - 93
Infection and peripheral venous catheterization; Righter J et al.; A prospective bacteriological and clinical study was carried out to determine the incidence of local and systemic infection associated with peripheral venous catheterization in a 630-bed general hospital with 24 hr intravenous team coverage . In all, 1,696 cannulas were obtained using standardized techniques and were cultured by a semiquantitative method on solid media . 41 cannulas (2.4%) yielded positive cultures (15 or more colonies) . An additional 318 (18.8%) showed lesser growth indicative of contamination . No case of septicemia was encountered . Local signs of inflammation showed no correlation with positive cannula culture . The semiquantitative culture technique is easily performed and yields clear results . However, the upper limit for the number of colonies which should be regarded as contamination and criteria for phlebitis require further study . Although the infective risk of peripheral venous catheterization must not be ignored, an extremely low rate can be achieved with continuous IV team coverage and strict aseptic technique.

Computertomographie, 1983 Jun, 3(2), 67 - 74
{Computer tomography-guided puncture of the retroperitoneal space}; Triller J et al.; A CT-guided fine-needle puncture was performed in 42 patients with renal or retroperitoneal space-occupying growths identified by means of computed tomography . In 18 out of 24 patients (75%), CT-guided fine-needle puncture enabled verification of malignant neoplasias, relapses and metastases by means of identification of malignant cells . In 9 out of 13 patients suspected of retroperitoneal abscess, fine-needle puncture helped to establish the diagnosis by a positive bacteriological finding . In 5 cases, CT-guided anterograde pyelography and percutaneous nephrostomy were effected after puncture of the renal pelvis by means of sonography had failed . CT-guided puncture should be used as an additional or complementary examination over and above computed tomography alone whenever a space-occupying growth is present the aetiology of which remains unclear . CT-guided puncture is indicated on principle in retroperitoneal space-occupying growths which cannot be properly defined by sonography.

Nuklearmedizin, 1983 Jun, 22(3), 121 - 7
{Constant infusion of 15-O-labeled water and inhalation of 11C-labeled carbon monoxide for the regional determination of lung water by positron emission tomography}; Meyer GJ et al.; A method was developed for the continuous infusion of 15O-labeled water which allows the tomographic reconstruction of the total lung water (TLW) . Subsequent inhalation of 11C-labeled carbon-monoxide permits the reconstruction of the blood volume (BV) . After normalization of intravascular activities the difference of TLW minus BV yields a quantitative value of regional extravascular lung water (rELW) . 15O-O2 is converted on-line to 15O-H2O and trapped in a 2 ml buffer reservoir which is fed by a pump with 0.9% NaCl . A precision pump is used to withdraw the labeled H2O and infuse it at a rate of 6 ml/min . The radioactivity level of the infusate (ca . 3.7 MBq/sec) is controlled and can be kept constant with a deviation of less than 5% over 40 min . The sterility and apyrogenicity of the system effluent is assured by frequent bacteriological, rabbit and limulus tests . A constant radioactivity level in the lung area is reached after 8-10 min . The infusion is continued for the tomographic reconstruction (Positron Camera System 4200, Cyclotron Corp.) which takes 15 min . A fast change of cyclotron parameters (MC-36, Scanditronix) and automated chemistry procedures allow a single breath administration of 11C-CO (ca . 40 MBq) 15 min after the end of the 15O-H2O infusion . Blood pool equilibrium is reached after 3-4 min, and the blood volume is reconstructed within 15 min also . Intravascular activities as determined from reconstructed slices in the region of the aortic arch correlate linearly with blood sample activities up to 100 kBq/ml.

Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 1983 Jun, 43(6), 370 - 2
{Chlamydia trachomatis--cytologic findings in infections of the uterine cervix}; Hoyme UB et al.; Cytologic, colposcopic, histologic and bacteriologic examination was performed in 229 patients because of previous abnormal cervical cytology . Chlamydia trachomatis was found in a significantly greater proportion as well in 70 women with spontaneous recurrence to normal (17.1%) as in 85 women with dysplasia (17.6%) . In comparison, chlamydial infection is found in 4.1% of cytologically normal women . In the 2 to 22 months follow-up Chlamydia trachomatis was seen in 19.6% of 92 women with recurrence to normal cytologic pattern, however, in 10.8% of 65 patients with persistence or progression (p less than 0.025, t-test).

Chest, 1983 Jun, 83(6), 883 - 4
Transbronchial biopsy culture in pulmonary tuberculosis; Stenson W et al.; Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is well established as a useful tool in the diagnosis of suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis that are sputum smear-negative . However, little attention has been focused on the role of transbronchial biopsy culture in the bacteriologic diagnosis of the disease . In this series of 12 patients with culture-proven pulmonary tuberculosis, we reviewed the results of transbronchial biopsy culture in comparison to the culture of prebronchoscopy sputa, postbronchoscopy sputa and bronchial washings . We found that transbronchial biopsy culture yielded positive cultures in only 16 percent (2/12) of these cases of proven tuberculosis and that transbronchial biopsy culture was not an exclusive source of culture-positive material in any of the patients studied . Although fiberoptic bronchoscopy may be quite helpful in establishing the diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients that are sputum smear-negative, our findings indicate that culture of transbronchial biopsy specimens contribute little to the bacteriologic diagnosis.

Undersea Biomed Res, 1983 Jun, 10(2), 115 - 22
Skin antisepsis during steady-state hyperbaric exposure and subsequent decompression; Nichols G et al.; A custom-made container for the transfer of bacteriological sampling pads was used in a trial to test the feasibility of human skin disinfection during saturation or steady-state diving and subsequent decompression . Analysis of the results of colony counting and typing from 6 days of pre- and postcleansing samples taken during a recent saturation dive indicates that the skin of hyperbaric chamber occupants can be effectively sterilized in the event of a need to prepare for anesthetic or surgical procedures while still under pressure . A separate survey was also made to establish any pattern of change in bacterial flora of the chamber interior during the trial . Results of this survey are briefly discussed.

J Am Dent Assoc, 1983 Jun, 106(6), 803 - 12
A rationale for management of periodontal diseases: rapid identification of microbial 'therapeutic targets' with phase-contrast microscopy; Keyes PH et al.; Monitoring the composition of subgingival flora can provide clinicians with a supplement to periodontal diagnosis and therapy . Conventional bacteriologic culturing may be clinically impractical, but direct microscopy may not.

AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1983 Jun, 140(6), 1199 - 201
CT in pyogenic osteomyelitis of the spine; Kattapuram SV et al.; Six patients with bacteriologically proven pyogenic osteomyelitis of the spine were followed serially with computed tomography (CT) . Initial evaluation of the involved vertebral bodies and adjacent soft tissues showed a drop in CT numbers when compared to normal cancellous bone and soft tissues . A soft-tissue mass was seen in all cases . After appropriate antibiotic therapy, all six patients showed an increase in bone density and a diminution of the soft-tissue mass (p less than 0.05) . Five of the six patients showed a further decrease in soft-tissue CT numbers.

Am J Vet Res, 1983 Jun, 44(6), 1123 - 5
Serologic survey for Bordetella bronchiseptica in Nebraska specific-pathogen-free pigs; Shashidhar BY et al.; The frequency of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in Nebraska specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs was determined by serologic and bacteriologic cultural analysis . Serum samples from non-SPF herds were tested for comparison . A total of 1,282 of 1,397 (92%) of the SPF pigs tested had antibody to B bronchiseptica; 37 of 220 (17%) were culture-positive, and 67 of 4125 (1.6%) were considered suspicious for atrophic rhinitis during slaughter inspection . A higher percentage of the non-SPF pigs had titers to B bronchiseptica (642 of 659 pigs or 97% of the pigs tested) . There was no relationship between the B bronchiseptica antibody titer, the isolation of B bronchiseptica, or the frequency of gross lesions of atrophic rhinitis from pigs within the herd . The serum agglutination test may be a more reliable procedure for determining the herd prevalence of B bronchiseptica than isolation of the organism by cultural methods.

J Hosp Infect, 1983 Jun, 4(2), 133 - 9
Suggested bacteriological standards for air in ultraclean operating rooms; Whyte W et al.; Bacteriological standards for the air in ultraclean operating rooms are needed since physical tests alone cannot guarantee satisfactory results . 10 m-3 is suggested as the highest acceptable value for an ultraclean system . Methods are described for determining this.

Z Rheumatol, 1983 May-Jun, 42(3), 91 - 100
{Immunopathologic aspects of chronic erysipelas polyarthritis in swine}; Winkelmann J et al.; Chronic erysipelas polyarthritis in pigs is considered to be an animal model closely resembling human rheumatoid arthritis . In an experimental study using SPF pigs infected with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae several immunopathological aspects were studied for up to 14 months after infection . After an initial febrile phase a progressive polyarthritis and discospondylitis developed at 2 weeks after infection . Quantitative determination of IgG and IgM revealed a significant increase in these immunoglobulins both in the serum and the synovia from arthritic joints . Arthritic joints containing viable Erysipelothrix bacteria at termination of the experiment have a higher content of IgG and IgM than bacteriologically negative joints . During the entire experiment the rheumatoid factor titer, determined by the Waaler Rose test, remained relatively low with increases and decreases . The Erysipelothrix antibody titers are highly significant . The total complement activity in the serum increases discontinuously and shows fluctuations similar to those of the rheumatoid factor titer . The highest enzyme activities of acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase are demonstrable in the synovial fluid of arthritic joints with positive bacteriological or immunohistological findings . These joints also have the greatest numbers of IgG-producing plasma cells . By means of immunohistological methods Erysipelothrix antigen can be demonstrated in macrophages of the proliferating synovial membrane . Finally, there is a discussion of the pathogenic significance for the perpetuation of chronic polyarthritis of Erysipelothrix persisting in arthritic joints in spite of focal immune reactions.

Thorax, 1983 May, 38(5), 373 - 7
Clinical review of pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium xenopi; Smith MJ et al.; Mycobacterium xenopi comprised 56% of all non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated in the Brompton Hospital laboratory during six years . M xenopi alone was cultured from the sputum of 23 patients, whose clinical and bacteriological features are reviewed . Pulmonary disease was considered to be due to the organism present in 15 of these patients on the basis of strict criteria for a causal relationship . Radiographs of all these patients were consistent with mycobacterial disease, showing pulmonary cavitation in 11, apical shadowing in three, and upper lobe fibrosis in one . In nine patients the disease was chronic, progressing very slowly with longstanding respiratory symptoms and extensive radiographic abnormalities developing over many years (mean 19 years) . In six patients the disease was subacute, being of recent onset with radiographic shadowing of limited extent . M xenopi was isolated as a saprophyte from four patients who had lung disease of known cause and single isolates were obtained from four patients who had no lung disease attributable to this organism . In vitro drug sensitivity tests showed the sputum cultures of 17 of 22 patients to be sensitive to two or more of the drugs rifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutol . Response to chemotherapy was unpredictable and did not always correlate with the results of sensitivity tests . Of 11 patients treated with at least two drugs to which their organisms were sensitive, two remained sputum positive, one relapsed after 18 months of chemotherapy, and eight have remained sputum negative during a minimum of three years' follow-up.

J Radiol, 1983 May, 64(5), 325 - 9
{Echographic aspects of peritoneal tuberculosis . Apropos of 14 cases}; Gastli H et al.; Ultrasonic images are analyzed in 14 patients aged 5 to 60 years with peritoneal tuberculosis . Images frequently demonstrated an anterior subparietal zone of transonance of variable thickness, associated with masses exhibiting transonance and multiple frequency outlines englobing digestive echos with intra-abdominal enlarged glands and free or partitioned ascites . Less frequently observed images were those of digestive tube loops adherent to the wall, hepatic or splenic lesions . Correlations were sought between these ultrasonic signs and results of endoscopy . Diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis is emphasized as being based mainly on histology and bacteriology, but ultrasonography conducted initially can reduce the time for diagnosis, suggest the diagnosis, assess any extension of the disease, and evaluate effects of treatment.

J Dairy Sci, 1983 May, 66(5), 1155 - 61
Effects of milking interval on selected milk constituents from normal and infected quarters; Fernando RS et al.; Effects of milking interval on electrical conductivity, chloride, sodium, potassium, lactose, and somatic cell counts of milk were determined . Quarter samples of foremilk, primary milk, and strippings were obtained from 12 cows after 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15-h milking intervals . The preceding interval to all experimental intervals was standardized at 12 h . Infection status of quarters was ascertained by bacteriological analysis . Effect of milking interval was significant on all variables measured . Highest conductivity, chloride, sodium, and cell counts were at the 3-h interval but declined to their lowest at the 9-h interval . Conductivity, chloride, and sodium then steadily increased from 9 to 15 h . Lactose followed the opposite trend and was highest at the 9-h interval . Trend was similar in samples from both uninfected and infected quarters; however, changes were more pronounced in the latter . Change of conductivity from infection varied with type of sample and milking interval with strippings being the most sensitive . All samples were least sensitive to these changes at the 9-h interval . Conductivity measurements on strippings will be more sensitive for detecting mastitis than measurements from foremilk or primary milk, especially measured following short milking intervals.

J Dairy Res, 1983 May, 50(2), 163 - 70
A survey of sources of heat-resistant bacteria in milk with particular reference to psychrotrophic spore-forming bacteria; McKinnon CH et al.; Samples of winter bedding and summer pasture, rinses of teats and milking equipment, and milk samples from bulk tanks from 4 farms were analysed bacteriologically for total count (TC), thermoduric count, total spore count (TSC) and psychrotrophic spore count (PSC) . In bedding and pasture samples the TSC comprised the main component of the thermoduric flora but was less than 0.1% of the TC . The PSC formed approximately 1% of the TSC in winter bedding and approximately 23% of the TSC in pasture . For pasture, the PSC:TSC ratio was highest for the upper layer of soil and lower for the grass and deeper layer of soil . The TSC formed 5% of the thermoduric flora in rinses of milking equipment and only a very low PSC was obtained . The TSC of farm bulk tank milks was higher in the winter than the summer but the PSC was similar in both seasons . This was due to an increase of approximately 9 times in the PSC:TSC ratio for milks in summer compared with winter . The PSC in raw and commercially pasteurized milks from a local creamery showed a similar seasonal trend.

Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol, 1983 May, 21(5), 260 - 2
Therapy for intercurrent respiratory infections in COLD patients: report on 200 patients; Turco P et al.; Over the last 2 years we have applied a therapeutic regimen with simultaneous use of cephalexin and bromhexine in therapy for infective exacerbations of COLD patients . The results obtained are positive . Bacteriologic features, the modification of sputum and, where possible, behavior of hematologic parameters and blood gases were checked . This pharmacologic combination appears to be useful in pneumology, as it yields very good results in obstructive chronic bronchitis in a bacterial relapsing phase and with alveolar hypoventilation linked to massive presence of endoluminal mucus . With the exception of two patients, in whom nausea and gastric pyrosis were observed, we observed no toxic or side effects of any kind, not even in subjects treated for a long time.

Cancer Res, 1983 May, 43(5 Suppl), 2444s - 2446s
Mutagens and modulator of mutagenesis in fried ground beef; Pariza MW et al.; It is now well documented that bacterial mutagens form in proteinaceous foods during cooking at moderate temperatures . Three heterocyclic amine mutagens have been identified by Sugimura and coworkers in fish and beef cooked under moderate heating conditions (T . Sugimura and S . Sato, Cancer Res . (Suppl.), 43: 2415s-2421s, 1983) . The distribution of these known mutagens in commercial bacteriological-medium grade and food-grade beef extract, and in fried ground beef, is discussed . Of the known mutagens, we have been able to confirm only that 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo{4,5-f}quinoxaline is present in fried ground beef . Deficiencies in currently used mutagen extraction procedures are addressed . It is likely that there are many mutagens in fried ground beef that are yet to be identified . Fried ground beef (and raw beef) also contains an activity which modulates bacterial mutagenesis apparently by interacting with rat liver microsomes which are added to metabolically activate promutagens . The modulator activity has been partially purified and either inhibits, enhances, or has no effect on promutagen activation depending on the promutagen under study and the pretreatment of the rat from which the microsomal fraction was obtained.

Jugosl Ginekol Opstet, 1983 May-Aug, 23(3-4), 72 - 5
{Our approach to the diagnosis and treatment of the causes of infertility}; Stilinovic K et al.; The authors put forward their own scheme of investigating possible causes of infertility . In everyday clinical routine the results of such investigations are limited . Most useful data are obtained by a detailed anamnesis, hysterosalpingography, bacteriological analysis, and cytogenetics . In the therapy of spontaneous abortion strict rest is recommended . Gestagen therapy is applied in bleeding in the first trimester only when fetal life is proved (ultrasound) . Early protecting cerclage is to be performed between the 14th and the 16th gestation week . The importance of a positive psychological relation between physician and patient is emphasized.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 1983 May, 11 Suppl C, 51 - 5
C-reactive protein measurement: a reliable method of diagnosing and monitoring the infected newborn for the assessment of a mezlocillin therapeutic trial; Alt R et al.; Clinical and bacteriological efficacy of mezlocillin was evaluated in 41 neonates (including 12 premature babies) with clinical and laboratory evidence of bacterial infection, as shown by elevated C-reactive protein serum concentrations . They received intravenous mezlocillin (80 to 100 mg/kg/dose) every 8 h for 10.4 days . The mean serum concentration (+/- S.E.M.) of mezlocillin in full-term neonates was 214 +/- 19.8 mg/l 1 h after the infusion and 52.0 +/- 9.3 mg/l prior to the next infusion . In premature neonates these mean concentrations were respectively 167 +/- 23.4 mg/l and 40.7 +/- 6.7 mg/l . The efficacy of mezlocillin was documented by the decrease in C-reactive protein serum concentrations and by improvement in clinical condition . Therapy with mezlocillin alone proved to be safe and effective when used for non-nosocomial infections during the neonatal period.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 1983 May, 11 Suppl B, 215 - 22
International clinical experience with azlocillin; Schacht P et al.; Clinical studies with azlocillin were conducted in North America and Europe to assess its efficacy and to monitor its safety . The results of studies from these two areas are compared retrospectively . In North America 631 multiple-dose courses were monitored, while 887 were given in Europe . The most frequently administered daily dose was 18 g in North America and 15 g in Europe . In 71% of the courses a Pseudomonas species was the causative infecting organism in the former area and 51% in the latter . Over 60% of the patients were seriously ill, and about a third were over 60 years of age . A satisfactory bacteriological response, as defined by the eradication or a marked reduction of the organism causing infection was obtained in 74% of patients in North America and in 75% in Europe . 89% of the patients in America responded clinically compared to 92% in Europe . Ps . aeruginosa was eradicated in over 70% of instances . Azlocillin, like other penicillins, possesses a low potential for toxicity . Hypersensitivity reactions and gastrointestinal effects were the most common adverse experiences . No serious problems were encountered with impairment of renal or hepatic function, or blood coagulation . Azlocillin was effective for treating serious infections caused primarily by Ps . aeruginosa.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 1983 May, 11 Suppl B, 127 - 35
Pharmacokinetics and clinical aspects of azlocillin in paediatrics; Heimann G; A pharmacokinetic and clinical study was done in 25 newborn infants suffering predominantly from pseudomonas infections treated with azlocillin . After a single iv dose of 50 mg azlocillin per kg bodyweight in biphasic concentration time course suggested an open two compartment body model . There was a rapid diffusion between the peripheral and the central compartment . The elimination half life calculated from the beta-slope was 2.5-2.6 h, and differences between premature neonates with more than 2000 g body weight and mature neonates were absent . To maintain a median steady state concentration of 50-80 mg/l in the serum 100-200 mg azlocillin/kg body weight per day must be given . Using this dosage non-linear kinetics and an accumulation of the drug would not occur . Bacteriological and clinical results confirm that in neonatal reinfection, and bronchopulmonary and local infection caused by pseudomonas strains, azlocillin has favourable properties.

Vestn Khir Im I I Grek, 1983 May, 130(5), 54 - 6
{Morphological and bacteriological aspects of development of acute postoperative pancreatitis}; Shalimo SA et al.; An analysis of 98 cases of acute postoperative pancreatitis has been made . The development of acute postoperative pancreatitis was found to be associated with the appearance of fat tissue necrosis under the influence of the activated enzymes of the pancreas The involvement of exocrinous and endocrinous structures of the pancreas into the inflammatory process was developing with progressing of the disease . Postoperative purulent pancreatitis was caused by the secondary infection of the pancreas and the pancreatic fat tissue.

J Dairy Res, 1983 May, 50(2), 153 - 62
Effect of teat washing on the bacteriological contamination of milk from cows kept under various housing conditions; McKinnon CH et al.; The effect of different methods of teat washing on bacterial contamination and sediment levels of the milk of cows kept under 3 housing conditions was studied . By use of an in line milk sampler and steam sterilized clusters the bacterial contamination from the teats after udder preparation was determined directly . The results show that, even under the same housing conditions and teat washing treatments, considerable variation in bacterial counts and sediment level occurred . Overall, washing with hypochlorite (600 mg/l available Cl) and drying with a paper towel gave total counts that were significantly lower than were obtained with the other 4 treatments . The aerobic spore count, in which thermoduric flora predominated, was greatly reduced by drying the teats, but the inclusion of hypochlorite in the wash water had little effect . Coliform contamination was very low (approximately 1/ml) even where the cows' teats were heavily soiled and were not washed . The sediment levels in the milk again showed wide variation and occasional high values (3 mg/l) were recorded for washed cows . In marked contrast to its effect on the bacteriological results, drying had little effect on reducing the sediment.

Anal Biochem, 1983 Apr 15, 130(2), 502 - 5
Determination of dipicolinic acid in bacterial spores by derivative spectroscopy; Warth AD; Dipicolinic acid was extracted from approximately 0.1 mg spores or 0.5 ml of sporulating culture with 20 mM HCl for 10 min at 100 degrees C . The suspension was diluted with 5 mM Ca2+, 100 mM Tris, pH 7.6, centrifuged, and the first derivative of the uv absorbance spectrum recorded from 275 nm to 285 nm . DPA concentration was determined from the difference between the maximum at 276.6 nm and the minimum at 280 nm . The use of the difference between two first derivative values removed possible interference from sloping baselines . Turbidity, nucleic acids, and bacteriological media did not interfere . Analysis time for four extracts was 4 min using a spectrophotometer reading at 0.1-nm intervals . Dipicolinate at 0.1 mM gave 0.184 absorbance/nm at 25 degrees C . The coefficient of variation was 1.5%, and the detection limit 1 microM.

Minerva Ginecol, 1983 Apr, 35(4), 209 - 11
{Cytological and bacteriological changes in women using the IUD}; Milia S et al.; PIP: Vaginal cytological and bacteriological reports on 505 women with copper potentiated IUDs were examined and compared to those of a control group of 1050 women . No significant degree of difference in the incidence of dysplasia was observed though a modest increase in vaginal swelling, particularly that caused by monilia, was noted . (author's modified)

Am J Vet Res, 1983 Apr, 44(4), 677 - 80
Influence of the estrous cycle on selected biochemical and cytologic characteristics of milk of cows with subclinical mastitis; Anderson KL et al.; The purpose in this experiment was to determine the relationship between subclinical mastitis and the estrous cycle . Subclinical mastitis was defined as a quarter in which milk had a somatic cell concentration greater than 500,000/ml and was bacteriologic culture-positive on 2 consecutive examinations . Normal quarters were defined as quarters from which milk had a somatic cell concentration less than 500,000/ml and was bacteriologic culture-negative on 2 consecutive examinations . Selected biochemical and cytologic characteristics of milk from 10 cows with subclinical mastitis were measured at 5-day intervals during the estrous cycle . Milk and blood progesterone concentrations were determined . Analysis of variance of dependent variables was performed, using a model with the following factors: cows, treatments, days of estrous cycle, and interaction of treatment with day of the estrous cycle . Treatment consisted of comparison of normal and subclinically mastitic quarters . Clinical signs of mastitis tended to occur more often during estrus (days 0 and 20) than during diestrus (day 10) . Day of the estrous cycle was a significant source of variation for bovine serum albumin concentrations in milk . Somatic cell concentrations, electrical conductivity, milk bacterial concentrations, and log10 milk bacterial concentrations did not vary significantly during days of the estrous cycle . A significant treatment-by-day interaction occurred for milk progesterone concentrations; blood progesterone concentrations were not similarly affected . Milk progesterone concentrations for mastitic and normal quarters were similar at estrus (days 0 and 20) and metestrus (day 5) . Milk progesterone concentrations for mastitic quarters were significantly decreased on day 15 of the estrous cycle, compared with values from normal quarters.

Lab Anim, 1983 Apr, 17(2), 125 - 8
Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a closed colony of baboons (Papio ursinus); Fourie PB et al.; An outbreak of tuberculosis in a nonhuman primate colony involved 11 of 91 (12.1%) baboons (Papio ursinus) . Tuberculin tests identified 80%, X-ray screening 10% and throat swab bacteriology 30% of diseased animals . Cough was a misleading indicator of tuberculosis . Stress resulting from experimental interference with animals was unrelated to disease development . Twice as many females as males were attacked . Screening and prophylactic, therapeutic and preventive measures are discussed.

Laryngoscope, 1983 Apr, 93(4), 489 - 93
Acute epiglottitis: current management; Schloss MD et al.; Two hundred and sixty-one cases of acute epiglottitis treated at the Montreal Children's Hospital between 1951 and 1980 are reviewed . Clinical features of the disease are described . Treatment protocol at a major children's hospital is presented . Statistics related to age, season and sex are analyzed . The authors compare nasotracheal intubation and tracheostomy as primary treatment . Bacteriology and antibiotic treatment are updated.

J Clin Pathol, 1983 Apr, 36(4), 471 - 5
Significance and value of the Widal test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever in an endemic area; Pang T et al.; The diagnostic value of the Widal test was assessed in an endemic area . The test was done on 300 normal individuals, 297 non-typhoidal fevers and 275 bacteriologically proven cases of typhoid . Of 300 normal individuals, 2% had an H agglutinin titre of 1/160 and 5% had an O agglutinin titre of 1/160 . On the basis of these criteria a significant H and/or O agglutinin titre of 1/320 or more was observed in 93-97% of typhoid cases and in only 3% of patients with non-typhoidal fever . Of the sera from typhoid cases which gave a significant Widal reaction, the majority (79.9%) showed increases in both H and O agglutinins and 51 of 234 (21.8%) of these sera were collected in the first week of illness . The significance and implications of these findings are discussed.

Pediatrie, 1983 Apr-May, 38(3), 179 - 83
{Severe bronchoalveolitis in chickenpox}; Piot M et al.; Varicella pneumonia, is commonly an easy diagnostic because of specific eruption . We report a case in an 8 years old child with moderately with-spread macular and purpuric rash . Hematologic data showed anemia and thrombocytopenia from central origin . Surgical biopsy of lung was performed with bacteriologic, parasitologic and virologic studies . The diagnostic was brought by ascension of serum complement fixation titers to varicella virus from 1/8 to 1/1024 . This case is compared to those recorded in the literature.

Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg {A}, 1983 Apr, 254(2), 266 - 74
Nitrate reduction in so-called nitrate reductase (NR) negative strains of the genus Mycobacterium; Krallmann-Wenzel U; The goal of our present investigations was to complete our knowledge concerning the actual ability to reduce nitrate within the genus Mycobacterium and to eliminate previously reported results like "weakly reaction" or "variable reactions" . The influence of conditions like reaction temperature and reaction time, substrate concentration, H+-donors, ammonia and the presence of the nitrate reductase were studied . The results can be summated as follows: 1 . The nitrate reductase is more widespread within the genus Mycobacterium than it has been reported by other previous investigators . - 2 . Previously doubtful results can be understood . - 3 . By means of proper experimental conditions M . chelonei ssp . borstelense can be easily separated from M . chelonei ssp . chelonei, although, according to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, they are recommended as synonyms.

AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1983 Apr, 140(4), 729 - 32
Perirenal pancreatic pseudocysts: diagnostic management; Baker MK et al.; Three cases of pancreatic pseudocysts involving the kidney are presented in which clinical findings or diagnostic imaging favored intrinsic renal disease . Correct diagnosis was established in all cases by sonographically guided cyst aspiration with amylase determinations on the cyst fluid . In addition, laboratory studies ruled out infection, a well known complication of pancreatic pseudocysts . The findings were instrumental in guiding clinical management and insuring correctly timed and properly guided surgical intervention . It is concluded that any patient with a fluid collection in the kidney region may have a pancreatic pseudocyst even without a clear-cut history of pancreatitis or trauma . Fine-needle aspiration is safe and efficacious, and laboratory analysis of cyst fluid should always include amylase determination, in addition to bacteriologic and cytologic evaluation, even if serum amylase is normal.

JAMA, 1983 Mar 18, 249(11), 1455 - 60
Tuberculosis among Indochinese refugees in the United States; Powell KE et al.; Surveys of state tuberculosis control programs revealed that of the 262,602 Indochinese refugees who entered the United States in 1979 and 1980, approximately 1.5% either had tuberculosis at the time of entry or developed it by the end of 1980; another 18% were placed on preventive therapy . The refugees comprised 5.3% of the nationally counted cases during the two-year period . Age- and sex-specific incidence rates among Indochinese refugees were 30 to 200 times higher than those for other persons in the United States . For refugees who arrived in 1979, the incidence of tuberculosis during 1980 (231 per 100,000) was only one third the incidence during 1979 (719 per 100,000) . For refugees who entered the United States in 1980, the incidence during 1980 was 480 per 100,000 . Bacteriologic confirmation of the diagnosis was reported for only 26% of refugees, compared with 79% of other patients with tuberculosis in the United States, suggesting overdiagnosis of tuberculosis among refugees . However, age-specific rates of bacteriologically positive tuberculosis were still 14 to 70 times higher for refugees than for the United States as a whole.

Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1983 Mar 15, 145(6), 695 - 701
A prospective, controlled study of maternal and perinatal outcome after intra-amniotic infection at term; Yoder PR et al.; A study was made of the outcome for mothers and their neonates with both clinical and bacteriologic evidence of intra-amniotic infection at term . Samples of amniotic fluid from patients with intra-amniotic infection showed greater than 10(2) colony-forming units per milliliter of a high-virulence isolate, whereas samples from control patients showed no growth or low-virulence isolates only . Control patients were uninfected during labor and were matched on the basis of gestational age, interval from rupture of membranes to delivery, and mode of delivery . There were 67 matched pairs . The mean interval from diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection to delivery was 3.1 +/- 2.2 hours (+/- SD) . Mothers with intra-amniotic infection had a significantly longer hospital stay and greater fever index after delivery than did control patients . Intrapartum bacteremia was documented in six of 50 (12%) women with intra-amniotic infection . The cesarean birth rate was 36% . There was one case of probable septic shock and one of postpartum hemorrhage among women with intra-amniotic infection . Infants in the intra-amniotic infection group had a significantly longer hospital stay than did the control infants . Among 59 infants for whom blood culture results were available, bacteremia was documented in five (8%) with intra-amniotic infection . Definite radiographic evidence of pneumonia was present in 4%; there were no cases of meningitis . There was one perinatal death in the intra-amniotic infection group . Overall, the maternal and perinatal outcome after intra-amniotic infection at term was excellent.

Lancet, 1983 Mar 12, 1(8324), 559 - 61
Safety of reusing disposable plastic insulin syringes; Collins BJ et al.; 53 diabetic patients took part in a study to assess the safety of reusing plastic disposable syringes for insulin injection . Each patient used the same plastic syringe for 7 days . The syringe needles were changed when blunt . No patient developed signs of infection at the injection site . Bacteriological assessment of the used syringes and needles showed no contamination in any of the syringes, although one needle was contaminated . The effectiveness of bacteriostatic additives to insulin preparations was demonstrated . The presence of these additives renders safe the practice of a diabetic patient reusing a plastic disposable syringe over a 7-day period.

Pathol Res Pract, 1983 Mar, 176(2-4), 103 - 14
Demonstration of T lymphocytes in leprous granuloma using the acid alpha naphtyl acetate esterase activity . An attempt at quantitative analysis; Gaulier A et al.; In nine leprosy patients (1 TT, 1 BT, 4 BL and 3 LLp), esterase positive lymphocytes (T Lymphocytes) were studied in frozen sections of skin biopsies by alpha naphtyl acetate esterase pH 5.8 method (ANAE) Four patients had never been treated previously and five patients exhibited clinical and bacteriological evidence of relapse for inadequate therapy at first biopsy . There was an increase in ANAE (+) lymphocyte density in granulomas when second biopsies were done after efficient treatment, evaluated by bacillary index for the eight bacilliferous patients, and clinical improvement . The significance of T cells in granulomas is discussed.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Mar, 36(3), 500 - 8
{Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) in the field of otorhinolaryngology}; Kawamura S et al.; We studied BRL 25000, (amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate a beta-lactamase inhibitor in ratio of 2: 1), in the otorhinolaryngological field in terms of its basic and clinical utility . Pharmacokinetics The distribution of BRL 25000 in mucous membrane of maxillary sinus and retaining liquid of maxillary sinus after administration of 1 tablet (375 mg) was favorable and the good transitional properties were obtained . It was similar to chephems . Clinical results BRL 25000 was administered to 26 patients (6 cases with otitis media, 9 cases with tonsillitis, 2 cases with sinusitis, 1 case with laryngitis, 5 cases with pharyngitis, 1 case with epipharyngitis and 2 cases with pharyngolaryngitis) . The overall clinical effective response was obtained in 88.5% of patients . Bacteriological effects BRL 25000 was effective against amoxicillin-resistant S . aureus and K . rhinoscleromatis . Side effects No adverse reactions were seen.

Rontgenblatter, 1983 Mar, 36(3), 79 - 83
{Value of hilus tomography in tuberculin positive, non BCG vaccinated children}; Fritsch R et al.; X-ray films of the thorax in two levels were prepared of 15 children of 3-14 years of age who had not been BCG-inoculated, after the tuberculin test had shown a positive reaction . Besides bacteriology and bronchoscopy, tomography of the hilus and of the anterior mediastinum was performed to exclude hilar lymph node enlargements . In this manner, it became possible to disclose an enlargement of lymphatic nodes in four children in whom plain radiography of the thorax had not yielded any abnormal findings.

Ann Clin Lab Sci, 1983 Mar-Apr, 13(2), 83 - 6
Printcultures for postmortem microbiology; Fung JC et al.; A modified printculture method for postmortem bacteriology was compared to the traditional tissue homogenate inoculum method . The two methods were comparable in their recovery rate of bacterial isolates . However, printcultures is an easy and rapid method; thus, it is superior to the traditional technique for postmortem culture . Histologic examination of most postmortem lung specimens with no bacterial growth showed no evidence of pneumonia or bronchitis, suggesting that the lack of growth is a reliable indicator of no bacterial infection.

Rev Infect Dis, 1983 Mar-Apr, 5(2), 258 - 78
Legionella infections: a review of five years of research; Meyer RD; In an attempt to place in perspective the role of Legionella pneumophila in human disease, the literature concerning this organism was reviewed . In the five years since the etiology of legionnaires' disease was elucidated, an impressive body of information has been gathered from retrospective investigations of illnesses of previously unidentified etiology and from studies of new cases of nosocomial or community-acquired infection caused by L . pneumophila . Topics on which considerable knowledge has been gained include the characteristics of L . pneumophila itself; the etiology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of infection; the mechanisms of immunity to infection; the role of aerosols and potable water in the transmission of disease; the spectrum of clinical manifestations; the efficacy of therapy; the features of sporadic cases; and the rapid diagnosis of infection by direct immunofluorescent techniques and bacteriologic methods . A limited amount of research has also been done on six other species of Legionella, all of which have been associated with pneumonia in humans.

J Infect Dis, 1983 Mar, 147(3), 559 - 67
Clinical and bacteriological responses to three antibiotic regimens for acute exacerbations of cystic fibrosis: ticarcillin-tobramycin, azlocillin-tobramycin, and azlocillin-placebo; McLaughlin FJ et al.; In a randomized, double-blind study, cystic fibrosis patients 11-30 years of age with an acute exacerbation of their pulmonary disease were treated with either ticarcillin-tobramycin, azlocillin-tobramycin, or azlocillin-placebo for 10 days . There was significant improvement in Shwachman scores and pulmonary function tests . Concentrations of sputum bacteria were significantly reduced, but after therapy patients had a mean of 10(7) bacteria/ml of sputum . Pseudomonas was transiently eliminated in only one patient . The three regimens had similar impacts on pulmonary function and sputum bacterial concentration . Antibiotic resistance was noted more frequently in the azlocillin-placebo group, but this trend was not statistically significant . Improvement in pulmonary function did not correlate with bacteriological response . Four weeks after discharge, 62% of the improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second and 75% of the improvement in vital capacity remained, but concentrations of sputum bacteria had returned to pretreatment levels, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria persisted.

Rev Infect Dis, 1983 Mar-Apr, 5 Suppl 1, S165 - 72
Multicentered study of cefoperazone for treatment of intraabdominal infections and comparison of cefoperazone with cefamandole and clindamycin plus gentamicin for treatment of appendicitis and peritonitis; Baird IM; Cefoperazone was evaluated for efficacy and safety in the treatment of known or suspected intraabdominal infections . Initially, 59 patients were enrolled in an open, noncomparative study . Of the 35 patients in whom the efficacy of treatment could be evaluated, 32 had a satisfactory clinical response . In this open study, cefoperazone eradicated 62 of 71 pathogens . The safety of the drug was evaluated in all 59 patients . Adverse reactions were seen in nine patients . In the second part of the study, 144 patients were enrolled . Fifty-seven of these patients received cefoperazone, 35 received cefamandole, and 52 received clindamycin plus gentamicin . Therapeutic efficacy could be evaluated in 20 patients who received cefoperazone, 20 who received cefamandole, and 16 who received clindamycin-gentamicin . Satisfactory clinical responses were seen in 90%, 80%, and 100% of these patients, respectively; satisfactory bacteriologic responses were seen in 100%, 95%, and 100%, respectively . A 5% incidence of adverse reactions was observed among the 57 patients who received cefoperazone; in contrast, the rate of adverse reaction to cefamandole was 11%, and that to clindamycin-gentamicin was 11.5% . No differences were seen among the patients in the three groups . Thus, cefoperazone appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of intraabdominal infections of bacterial etiology.

Minerva Med, 1983 Feb 25, 74(7), 323 - 9
{Experience with preoperative preventive care in obstetrics and gynecology}; Costa V et al.; The clinical behaviour and post-operative course of 60 patients who had undergone obstetrics or gynaecological surgery is compared . In 30 cases (20 obstetric and 10 gynaecological), antibiotic prophylaxis took the form of a single i.m . injection of 600 mg of lincomycin and 80 mg of gentamycin, 30 minutes before the operation . In the remaining 30 cases (20 obstetric, 10 gynacological), the antibiotic cover was administered postoperatively by i.v . injection of doxicyclin (100 mg every 12 hours for 3 days and 100 mg every 12 hours per os for a further 2 days) . From a comparison of the 2 groups, and keeping obstetric and gynaecological cases separate, it is concluded that preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is comparable in its results to post-operative antibiotic cover . Postoperative haematochemical tests were also done and, as has been reported, showed no significant alterations from the tests administered preoperatively, thus confirming the high tolerance of the drugs in question in the above-stated doses . No cochleovestibular disturbances were encountered nor were drug-resistant bacteriological strains . The efficacy of this prophylactic treatment is confirmed and though comparable in results to the alternative postoperative types is indubitably advantageous both in the lower cost to the community and the short duration of the treatment itself.

Hepatogastroenterology, 1983 Feb, 30(1), 9 - 11
Diagnosis and therapy of liver abscess by ultrasonographic imaging, puncture and drainage; Braun B et al.; Liver abscesses in 19 patients were primarily diagnosed by real-time ultrasound . Characteristic features and changes in the course of disease are described . Fine needle puncture under ultrasonographic guidance confirmed the diagnosis and permitted bacteriologic examination . Ultrasonographically guided abscess drainage dramatically improved the clinical condition, and can be recommended as an alternative to surgical drainage.

Am Rev Respir Dis, 1983 Feb, 127(2), 241 - 4
Mycobacterium asiaticum as a potential pulmonary pathogen for humans . A clinical and bacteriologic review of five cases; Blacklock ZM et al.; Mycobacterium asiaticum was isolated from pulmonary material from 5 persons residing in Queensland, Australia . All patients had repeated positive specimens, but the organism was considered responsible for pulmonary mycobacteriosis in only 2 of them . This is the first report of disease caused by M . asiaticum . Clinical, bacteriologic, and epidemiologic details are presented.

Br J Urol, 1983 Feb, 55(1), 85 - 8
Fournier's gangrene: necrotising fasciitis of the male genitalia; Bahlmann JC et al.; The aetiology, clinical syndrome and outcome of nine patients with necrotising subcutaneous infections of their external genitalia have been analysed . These patients constituted just under 1% of all of our urological admissions during a nine-month period . Eight of the nine patients suffered from the secondary variety of this disease with urethral strictures and extravasation being the most common precipitating conditions . Necrotising fasciitis of the genitalia still carries a high risk of mortality and morbidity, frequently necessitating long periods of hospitalisation and repeated surgical procedures . Special attention was given to the bacteriology of the disease and recommendations concerning antibiotic therapy are made.

Neurology, 1983 Feb, 33(2), 123 - 32
Sinusitis: induced subdural empyema; Kaufman DM et al.; In 17 cases of sinusitis-induced subdural empyema, all but 5 occurred in boys or men aged 13 to 33 years . Clinical features were headaches and fever (14 patients), nuchal rigidity (10), and seizures (8) . Seven patients had periorbital cellulitis, and 15 had radiographic clouding of at least one sinus . Only five patients had a history of sinusitis . CT identified the empyema accurately in seven patients but failed in two patients who developed subdural empyema while being treated for sinusitis-induced cerebritis . Ten patients had specific bacteriologic etiologies determined by culture of empyema, blood, or sinuses.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Feb, 36(2), 316 - 68
{Double-blind clinical study on cefotetan and cefmetazole in treating respiratory tract infections}; Diagnosis of bacterial pulmonary infections with quantitative protected catheter cultures obtained during bronchoscopy; Quantitative bacteriology was performed on specimens collected by protected catheter fiberoptic bronchoscopy from 172 patients . Of the patients who had pneumonia, 75 of 78 (96%) had one or more species present at greater than or equal to 10(3) CFU/ml, whereas 2 of 35 (6%) control patients had organisms present in that quantity . In addition, 66% of the control specimens yielded no isolates by this technique . All of the 11 patients with bronchitis had greater than or equal to 10(3) CFU/ml . Quantitative bacteriology revealed high levels of colonization in patients without infection and endobronchial structural disease . The data suggest that bacterial counts of greater than or equal to 10(3) CFU/ml in suspended secretions collected with a protected catheter brush were diagnostic of the bacteriological etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in patients without endobronchial structural abnormalities.

S Afr Med J, 1983 Jan 29, 63(5), 169 - 70
Historical vignette: harvey pirie (1879-1965) and the Falklands; Bernstein RE; Dr James Harvey Pirie was a bacteriologist, orchid grower and stamp collector of note in South Africa for nearly 50 years . Shortly after receiving a science and medical degree at Edinburgh, he joined the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition to the Falkland Islands and Antarctica from October 1902 to July 1904, returning via Grough Island and Cape Town.

Am J Med, 1983 Jan 24, 74(1B), 70 - 3
Treatment of disseminated and progressive cavitary histoplasmosis with ketoconazole; Slama TG; Ten patients with disseminated histoplasmosis and seven with progressive cavitary histoplasmosis were treated with ketoconazole, an imidazole derivative that is well absorbed orally and relatively nontoxic . Seven of seven noncompromised hosts with disseminated disease tolerated therapy well and achieved clinical and mycologic cures . Although well tolerated in all three compromised hosts with disseminated disease, none achieved clinical and bacteriologic cures . All patients with progressive cavitary disease tolerated therapy well and six of seven achieved clinical and radiographic cures . Therefore ketoconazole appears safe and effective in the treatment of disseminated or progressive cavitary histoplasmosis in the noncompromised host . In the compromised host with disseminated histoplasmosis, ketoconazole does not appear to be effective and more conventional therapy appears warranted.

Schweiz Med Wochenschr, 1983 Jan 22, 113(3), 107 - 10
{The value of mediastinoscopy in the diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement}; Schamaun M; Of 116 mediastinoscopies performed over a period of 5 years without serious complications, 36 were for diagnosis of obvious or suspected mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy . In 34 of these 36 procedures large samples of paratracheal lymph nodes were excised for histological and partially also for bacteriological examination . In 24 patients a definite diagnosis was obtained (mediastinoscopy positive) . There were 17 cases of sarcoidosis among them . The investigation was negative in 10 other patients . In 6 of these the negative result was fully explained by the final diagnosis (true negative mediastinoscopy) . Only in 4 of the 34 patients a different disease affecting the lymph system was discovered by further investigations (false negative) . All four patients had neoplastic disease . In accordance with the results of other investigators, the author's findings show that suspicion of sarcoidosis can be confirmed mediastinoscopically in almost 100% of cases . However, mediastinoscopy was not equally successful in diagnosing Hodgkin's disease and malignant lymphoma . The paratracheal lymph nodes were affected only in approximately half of these patients, although other intrathoracic lymph nodes, e.g . the anterior and/or posterior nodes, were shown to be involved . In these cases diagnosis can be obtained only by thoracotomy and/or staging laparotomy.

Sem Hop, 1983 Jan 13, 59(2), 115 - 8
{Increase in cases of tuberculosis (bacteriologically detected) in children in the Montpellier area, in 1979 and 1980}; Darbas H et al.; From 1973 to 1980 the authors recorded the rates of detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in their laboratory . From 1973 to 1978 this rate in samples from children was low, never reaching 6 %, and nearly constant . In the last two years (1979 and 1980) the rate more than doubled . These results are analyzed and discussed according to the age and nationality of patients . The distribution of the various clinical forms is given . The study of BCG status confirms well-known data : either the patients had never been vaccinated or the tuberculin tests had not been regularly checked.

Lepr India, 1983 Jan, 55(1), 64 - 7
Preliminary trial of intervention levamisole therapy in persistently bacteriologically positive lepromatous leprosy; Ramu G et al.; The intervention treatment with the immuno-adjuvant levamisole was given in 14 persistently bacteriologically positive lepromatous cases who had had adequate chemotherapy for over 5 years . There was a temporary conversion of the early lepromin reaction in a majority of the patients with a corresponding improvement in clinical and bacteriological status . However, the lepromin response was short lived . Most patients had become bacteriologically negative at the end of 1 year . No adverse effects due to levamisole therapy were encountered.

Clin Ther, 1983, 5(4), 385 - 90
Treatment of cytotoxic drug-related infections; McVie JG et al.; Twenty-six patients with a malignancy who were receiving intermittent cytotoxic chemotherapy acquired putative bacterial infections while neutropenic . Fourteen patients with neutrophil counts less than 100 X 10(6)/L received cefuroxime plus amikacin . Twelve patients with neutrophil counts between 100 and 500 X 10(6)/L were given cefuroxime alone . The dosages were amikacin, 500 mg BID, and cefuroxime, 1.5 gm TID, although the dose of cefuroxime was halved in three patients because of low body weight and in one patient because of impaired renal function . Bacteriological proof of infection was obtained in 14 patients . In all but two, the bacteria were eradicated by therapy; those two had strains resistant to cefuroxime . Clinical cure was obtained in 15 patients (58%); marked improvement, in seven (27%) . One of the patients not cured was probably not infected . In another, the organism was eradicated but the patient did not recover from preexisting shock and renal failure . There were minimal side effects . One patient had diarrhea, one complained of pain on injection, and two had slight increases in transaminase levels . Of particular note is the lack of renal toxicity, particularly in the five patients previously treated with cisplatin.

Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac, 1983, 100(3), 187 - 92
{Preliminary attempt at a classification of rhinopharyngitis}; Cotin G et al.; A study was conducted in 113 children with recurrent attacks of rhinopharyngitis, a frequent affection treated in ENT practice, to determine a classification and establish the etiopathogenicity of the disorder . Children were divided into two groups according to age, and clinical, radiologic, bacteriologic, biologic, and histologic data analyzed . An allergic or immunity deficiency origin could be confirmed in some cases, but etiopathogenicity was impossible to determine in many individual cases.

Folia Parasitol (Praha), 1983, 30(2), 97 - 101
Naegleria fowleri in cooling circuits of industrial and power plants in North Moravia; Cerva L et al.; Both nonvirulent (15 strains) and virulent (1 strain) variants of Naegleria fowleri were isolated from the cooling circuits in seven of ten examined plants in North Moravia . No amoebae were found in waters with a high salinity (electric conductivity more than 614 microseconds) and with a low content of phosphates (less than 0.37 mg . 1(-1)) and oxygen (less than 7.4 mg . 1(-1)) . Other results of the physical, chemical and bacteriological examinations showed no direct bearing on the occurrence of N . fowleri.

Metabolism, 1983 Jan, 32(1), 4 - 8
Increased blood-brain transport of tryptophan after portacaval anastomoses in germ-free rats; Jeppsson B et al.; Portal-systemic shunting in rats results in altered plasma concentrations of the large neutral amino acids (NAA), and increased blood-brain barrier NAA transport . Bacterial ammonia production in the bowel, especially the colon, is thought to play a major role in the etiology of portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE) . In order to isolate the role of bacteria in PSE, plasma and brain amino acids and ammonia (NH3) were studied in germ-free (GF) rats with portacaval shunts (PCS) . Germ-free rats underwent end-to-side portacaval shunt or sham operation under germ-free conditions and were kept in a germ-free isolator under careful bacteriologic control . Similar operations were carried out on conventional animals . Two weeks post-operatively blood-brain transport of the neutral amino acid tryptophan was studied and the animals sacrificed . Plasma NH3 rose after PCS both in GF and in conventional rats . In germ-free and conventional rats with PCS, there was a significant elevation in plasma of the aromatic amino acids and decreased concentrations of the branched-chain amino acids . In the brain, both groups had elevated aromatic amino acids, while the branched-chain amino acids remained normal . The blood-brain transport of tryptophan was elevated in portacaval shunted rats, whether germ-free or conventional . These studies suggest the elevated plasma levels of ammonia and disturbances in plasma and brain amino acids seen after portacaval shunt are not dependent on the presence of gut bacteria.

Pharmatherapeutica, 1983, 3(5), 327 - 30
Use of a local gentamicin preparation ('Garamycin' Chains) as prophylaxis against infection in major head or neck surgery: a pilot study; Barton RP et al.; A pilot study was carried out in 16 patients undergoing major head or neck surgery to assess the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis against wound infection using a local gentamicin preparation . Chains of 8 beads containing 7.5 mg gentamicin sulphate per bead, the drug being released over a prolonged period, were inserted on both sides of the operative wound before closure and left in place for 48 hours before removal . The results showed that only 3 of the 16 patients developed any clinical or bacteriological evidence of post-operative wound infection over the following 3 days . The chains proved easy to use . Satisfactory wound closure was obtained in all cases and there were no problems in their removal.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1983 Jan, 36(1), 84 - 92
{Clinical studies of cefoxitin in the field of internal medicine}; Ito A et al.; Ten patients with sepsis and pneumonia complicated by leukemia or lung cancer were treated with cefoxitin (CFX) at daily dose of 6 g . The following results were obtained . 1 . Clinical effects of CFX were good in 5 patients, fair in 2 and poor in 3 with effective rate of 50% . 2 . Out of 8 patients with sepsis, 5 showed good response to CFX and effective rate was 62.5% . 3 . Bacteriological outcomes were eradicated in 1, unchanged in 1, replaced in 2 and unknown in 6 cases . 4 . Diarrhea was observed in 1 patient but this was not considered related to CFX therapy . 5 . No abnormal laboratory finding due to CFX was observed . 6 . It should be considered that 6 g or more of CFX is given in case of severe infections, such as sepsis or pneumonia complicated by serious underlying diseases.

Res Vet Sci, 1983 Jan, 34(1), 82 - 9
Leptospirosis and the maintenance host: a laboratory mouse model; Hathaway SC et al.; A laboratory mouse model was used to investigate the criteria that have been suggested as differentiating between a maintenance host and an accidental host for a particular leptospiral serovar . The comparative studies were conducted with serovars ballum, pomona, balcanica and hardjo . The relative pathological response, ratio of serological to bacteriological prevalence, level of serological response, age-susceptibility to infection and demonstration of artificial intraspecies transmission were found to be inadequate criteria with which to differentiate maintenance and accidental hosts for a particular serovar . The demonstration of natural intraspecies transmission was considered to be the definitive criterion for differentiating such hosts . In the light of the results obtained from the laboratory mouse model and the results obtained from field studies, a maintenance host may be defined as an animal which is capable of acting as a natural source of leptospiral infection for its own species . A maintenance population may be defined as a population of a species of animal which acts as a continuous reservoir of a serovar in a specific ecosystem.

Jpn J Clin Oncol, 1983, 13 Suppl 1, 103 - 10
Maintenance of germ-free environment and its clinical utility; Nagao T et al.; The level of cleanliness in the laminar airflow room of Tokai University Hospital was studied . Bacteriological monitoring of the protected isolation ward during occupancy by patients revealed that it was kept at class 100 according to NASA standards . The laminar airflow room was decontaminated with formaldehyde gas by means of a gas generator which we made . This decontamination method was shown to be easy and safe to handle, and stable in its effects . Up to December 1981, 54 patients with acute leukemia were treated in the protected isolation ward . The incidence of infection in patients with acute leukemia was lower in the protected isolation ward than in the conventional ward . No respiratory infection was observed in the protected isolation ward . These results demonstrated statistically significant advantages of the use of the laminar airflow room for prevention of infection.

Ann Biol Clin (Paris), 1983, 41(6), 403 - 9
{Legionella infections}; Fleurette J; The authors review the bacteriological features of Legionella infections, their clinical symptoms and the methods of diagnosis . They stress the unusual ecological features of Legionella which generally lives in natural water reservoirs or in artificial reservoirs (drinking water piping, air conditioning) . In the clinical situation, current emphasis is on the extrapulmonary infections whose pathogenesis has not yet been fully explained . The incidence and prevalence of Legionella in pneumonia still needs to be defined . The methods of bacteriological and serological diagnosis are described as well as the ways of interpreting the results.

Ann Biol Clin (Paris), 1983, 41(6), 393 - 5
{New bacteriologic aspects in infectious pathology}; Wauters G; Bacterial infectious pathology presents a series of new features which have been elucidated over the last few decades . These new aspects are derived from various factors: a development of our state of knowledge, a change in the ecology of a number of bacteria and a change in the receptiveness of patients . Modern infectious pathology is characterized by one particular feature: it is more and more difficult to define the limits between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria; the role played by the host is of utmost importance.

Poumon Coeur, 1983, 39(5), 233 - 8
{Clinical aspects of 27 cases of severe primary infectious lung diseases}; Ordronneau J et al.; The authors report 27 cases of severe primary pulmonary infections which resulted in acute respiratory failure and which were treated in a Respiratory Medicine Intensive Care Unit . A bacteriological specimen (blood culture, transtracheal aspiration, fibroscopy, pleural tap) and/or a serological examination permitted the responsible agent to be identified in 20 of the 27 cases (74%) . Apart from antibiotics and symptomatic treatments, 13 patients also received oxygen therapy and 14 other patients were intubated and ventilated . In the first group, 3 patients died (24%) and in the second group, the mortality was much higher, with 9 deaths out of 14 patients (64%) . The authors present the clinical features, the frequency of the various micro-organisms isolated, the therapeutic modalities and various prognostic factors . Although repeated early specimens usually provide bacteriological diagnosis and therefore appropriate antibiotic therapy, the prognosis of these conditions, at the stage of acute respiratory failure remains serious and is probably related to risk factors linked with predisposition . The exact nature and the relative importance of these risk factors still needs to be determined.

Ann Biol Clin (Paris), 1983, 41(4), 263 - 7
{Gas-phase chromatography in the rapid bacteriological diagnosis of infections . Contributions and limitations of this technic}; Hansen W et al.; Gas-liquid chromatography has been used directly on clinical specimens as a method for presumptive diagnosis of anaerobic infections . This technique proved to be valuable and reliable . Combined with a Gram stain, it offers the possibility to differentiate in less than 1 hour aerobic from anaerobic infections by means of detection of volatile fatty acids (short chain monocarboxylic acids) others than acetic acid.

Acta Chir Scand, 1983, 149(5), 509 - 15
Intra-operative saline irrigation of the peritoneal cavity in experimental post-traumatic peritonitis; Nystrom PO et al.; A trial of intra-operative saline irrigation of the peritoneal cavity for the prevention of peritonitis was conducted in an animal model . Following abdominal missile injury with intestinal perforation, 43 anaesthetized pigs were operated on an randomly assigned to three treatment groups . In two of the groups intraperitoneal irrigation with 3 litres of saline solution was performed during the operation, using a jet technique in one group . A control group of pigs received no irrigation . The effect of irrigation was evaluated with quantitative bacteriologic studies of peritoneal exudate and peritoneal biopsy specimens . Continuous anaesthesia and assisted ventilation were used and the post-trauma observation period was 3 days . The average bacterial density in the peritoneal exudate decreased by more than 99% in all treatment groups during the operation, but increased to more than the pre-irrigation level during the observation period . Irrigation did not result in significantly greater elimination of the bacterial population . The mortality was not lower in irrigated animals than in the controls . Intra-operative saline irrigation thus did not prevent peritonitis in this experimental model.

Z Erkr Atmungsorgane, 1983, 161(1), 103 - 6
{The tuberculosis situation in Vietnam}; Pham KQ et al.; The fight against tuberculosis in Vietnam is based on bacteriological case-finding since 1956 . First pilot-studies with this method showed among the population of towns a very high incidence of smear-positive cases of about 2.5% . The systematic fight was interrupted by the war from 1964 to 1975 . Nevertheless from an analysis of the TB-situation made in 1976 resulted a percentage of 0.14-0.37 in comparable groups of population . The relatively high number of smear-positive cases has decreased in 1980 to 0.03% . The actual program of the fight against TB and the targets of its different periods are described.

Skeletal Radiol, 1983, 10(3), 173 - 5
Fine needle diagnosis in lumbar osteomyelitis; Joshi KB et al.; Lumbar vertebral body and disk infection, presenting as low back pain, is a relatively uncommon disease but is seen more often in drug addicts . Radiographs show typical changes of infection of the lumbar vertebrae and adjacent disc . Under local anesthesia a fine needle is placed, saline injected, and aspirated . The entire needle-syringe unit is submitted to the bacteriology department . Pseudomonas infection is usually found . This method of diagnosis is simple, cost effective, well accepted by the patients, and can be done on outpatients.

Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh), 1983, 24(2), 129 - 37
Morphologic aspects of hepatic abscesses at computed tomography and ultrasound; Terrier F et al.; The morphologic criteria of hepatic abscesses as demonstrated at computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) were investigated in 27 patients and the diagnostic efficiency of both methods evaluated . Different appearances of hepatic abscess at CT and US were observed and investigated . No specific morphologic signs could be defined, since malignant neoplasms may show similar findings . Therefore, fine needle aspiration of possible hepatic abscesses should be performed to provide specific and bacteriologic diagnosis . US is an accurate method to evaluate patients with possible hepatic abscess . However, CT should be preferred in critically ill patients and postoperatively, since the diagnostic accuracy of CT is not limited by bowel gas, sutures and drainage tubes.

Respiration, 1983, 44(5), 351 - 9
Cystic fibrosis related lung diseases in young adults with minimal impairment; Guidotti TL et al.; A small fraction of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) survive to adulthood with exceptionally mild pulmonary impairment, in marked contrast to the usual natural history of CF . 6 young adults with CF with a high clinical score were studied to assess lung function, roentgenography, bacteriology, and the distribution of ventilation and perfusion . 1 such patient died during the course of the study from a cause other than CF-related respiratory failure, and the autopsy findings were reviewed . Although a few individuals showed normal and near-normal pulmonary function, evidence for mild to moderate obstructive airways disease was present in most tests performed, particularly the maximal expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of vital capacity . The helium dilution technique of determining total lung capacity generally underestimated the values by the technique of roentgenographic planimetry which were within the normal range . Lung scintigraphy revealed matched subsegmental defects in ventilation and perfusion, with 2 subjects showing mismatched defects . The histological findings in the deceased patient were similar to those in infants before the development of pulmonary infection and showed an abnormally thick and uneven basement membrane of the bronchial epithelium . These findings support the view that CF-related lung disease in these patients is qualitatively similar to the early disease in children, but is exceptionally slow to develop in a favored few who nonetheless have greater functional disturbance than their lack of symptoms would suggest.

Z Psychosom Med Psychoanal, 1983, 29(3), 253 - 69
{Psychosomatic studies of chronic prostatitis}; Janssen PL et al.; The psychosomatic aspects of chronic prostatitis, especially the differentiation of the so-called vegetative urogenital syndrome from chronic state of infection isn't sufficiently clarified . That's why a study of 34 non-selected adult males with symptoms of chronic prostatitis has been undertaken to establish the incidence of infective urological and psychological factors . With urological, bacteriological and radiological examinations we found 44% of the patients with infective-prostatitis, 18% with subvesical disorders and 38% without any pathological findings . Comparing the group of patients with and without pathological urological findings in psychodynamic and testpsychological (Giessen-Test) examinations we couldn't see any significant difference . On the other hand they showed a significant difference compared with a control group of patients suffering from neurotic and/or psychosomatic diseases . Nearly all of our 34 patients showed neurotic disorders irrespective of the urological findings . A special characteristic of their pathogene psychodynamic seems to be the problems in male identity according to internalized disturbed father image . We discussed these results according to psychodynamic and interactional factors of origin and maintenance on chronic prostatitis.

Scand J Urol Nephrol, 1983, 17(2), 245 - 7
Fournier's gangrene presenting as gas-forming subcutaneous infection of the scrotum; Nielsen OS et al.; Two cases of gas-forming Fournier's gangrene were recently treated in a urology department . The etiology, pathology, bacteriology and treatment of Fournier's gangrene are discussed . An aggressive attitude with respect to both surgery and antibiotic therapy is recommended as possible means of reducing the high mortality associated with the condition.

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd, 1983 Jan, 182(1), 30 - 5
{Vitrectomy in endophthalmitis}; Lund OE et al.; The authors report on 14 cases of fulminant and delayed forms of endophthalmitis, in which a diagnostic and therapeutic vitrectomy, were performed . By diagnostic processing of the excised vitreous the chances of obtaining positive findings were increased, especially with a combination of bacteriological and histopathological methods . As advantages of a diagnostic and therapeutic vitrectomy versus purely antibiotic treatment in endophthalmitis the authors discuss the following factors: (1) improved diagnostic possibilities in combination with vitrectomy; (2) a reduction in the quantities of infective organisms and toxins; and (3) improved penetration of antibiotic into and out of the vitreous body cavity.

Acta Chir Scand, 1983, 149(1), 33 - 5
Significant of positive bacterial cultures from aortic aneurysms; Eriksson I et al.; Samples for bacteriological examination were obtained from the aneurysm wall of 85 patients subjected to abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy . Twelve patients (14%) had positive cultures . A total of 13 bacterial strains were isolated, the majority of which were present in only small numbers and were regarded as contaminants . One patient developed a graft infection due to ischemic necrosis of the sigmoid colon . During the follow-up period no further graft infection was noted in patients with positive or negative aortic cultures . It is concluded that the aneurysm wall itself does not represent an important source of early or late graft infection.

Clin Lab Haematol, 1983, 5(3), 287 - 94
Five-day storage of platelet concentrates . II . In-vivo studies; Gunson HH et al.; Following in-vitro tests it was concluded that platelet concentrates stored for 5 days at 22 degrees C in polyolefin containers, coded PL732, should be as effective in clinical practice as similar concentrates stored in the standard PVC containers, coded PL146 . These predictions have been confirmed by the following in-vivo tests; autologous survival studies in volunteers, determination of recovery, platelet increment calculations 1 and 24 h after transfusion and clinical appraisal after transfusion of haemorrhagic thrombocytopenic patients . Bacteriological cultures of the platelet concentrates were sterile after storage for more than 5 days . It can be concluded that the 5-day storage of platelet concentrates in these containers is a practical proposition.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 1983 Jan, 11 Suppl, 233 - 6
Clinical evaluation of cefotetan in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections; Nolen TM et al.; Cefotetan, a new cephamycin antibiotic, was evaluated for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections . Intravenous cefotetan (2 g every 12 h) was administered for 4 to 8 days (mean, 5.8 days) to 56 hospitalized adult patients . Of the 41 evaluable patients, the clinical response was satisfactory in 38 (93%) and the bacteriological response was satisfactory in 36 (88%) . The drug was well tolerated, and there were minimal complaints or changes in clinical laboratory values . From these preliminary results, cefotetan appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.

Instr Course Lect, 1983, 32, 33 - 7
Hematogenous osteomyelitis in children; Peterson HA; Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is the formation of pus within bone . Bone destruction and spread of the infection to contiguous areas may be rapid and significantly alter the prognosis and potential for complications . Bacteriologic isolation of the infecting organism is essential to determine the appropriate antibiotic to be used . Mechanical removal of pus is necessary for optimal antibiotic function . Surgical decompression should be performed if aspiration reveals pus or if roentgenograms show evidence of bone destruction.

Aust Vet J, 1983 Jan, 60(1), 7 - 9
The cultural and pathological examination of bulls serologically positive for brucellosis; Hill BD; The genitalia from 34 bulls were examined for the presence of Brucella lesions using histological, bacteriological and serological methods . Tissue fluids extracted from the various genital organs and the serums were examined using the serum agglutination test (SAT), the Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT), the complement fixation test (CFT) and the indirect haemagglutination test (IHLT) for the presence of Brucella antibody . Titres to one or more of these tests were found in 17 bulls and B . abortus was cultured from 5 of these . The testing of tissue fluids from genital organs did not increase the number of serologically positive animals.

Aust Vet J, 1983 Jan, 60(1), 1 - 3
An evaluation of the anamnestic test for brucellosis in cattle of the northern pastoral area; Corner LA et al.; An investigation of the anamnestic test for brucellosis using Brucella abortus 45/20 vaccine was carried out in 3 groups of weaner cattle on 2 farms in western Queensland . Each group originally consisted of about 500 cattle . They were bled before and at 6 or 10 weeks after vaccination and again in the following year . The serums were tested by the complement fixation (CFT), Rose Bengal (RBT) and indirect haemolysis tests (IHLT) . Most of the cattle reacting to one or more of the tests were killed and selected tissues were subjected to bacteriological examination for B . abortus . B . abortus was isolated from 19 of 30 (63%) pre-vaccinal reactors, 23 (24%) of 96 cattle reacting at 6 or 10 weeks after vaccination (the anamnestic test) and 1 (2%) of 50 cattle reacting one year after vaccination . The reactor found to be infected the year after vaccination had high serological titres in each of the 3 serological tests: RBT of 3, CFT of 128 and IHLT of 256 . A subsequent test showed the group to be brucellosis-free . The CFT was the most efficient test . In the pre-vaccination tests 17 of 19 infected animals were positive in the CFT compared with 11 positive in the IHLT and 17 in the RBT . In post vaccination tests 22 of 23 infected animals were positive in the CFT compared with 18 in the IHLT and 19 in the RBT . At the pre-vaccinal and anamnestic tests (6 or 10 weeks after vaccination) 19 of 57 (33%) cattle with CF titre of 4 or 8 yielded B . abortus on culture compared with none of 26 cattle with similar titres in the year after vaccination . The interpretation of CF titres in cattle following 45/20 vaccination needs to be re-examined.

Ann Rech Vet, 1983, 14(4), 422 - 6
The pathology of neonatal enteritis in calves with observations on E . coli, rotavirus and Cryptosporidium; Pearson GR et al.; The mucosa of the small intestine of neonatal calves responds in a similar way to a variety of infectious agents . However, samples should be removed under general anaesthesia to avoid post-mortem artefacts . These include the separation of epithelium from the villous lamina propria and denudation of villous tips within a few minutes of death, and occur more rapidly in challenged animals . Pathological changes consist of blunting and fusion of the villi with a reduction of the columnar epithelium to cuboidal and occasionally squamous epithelium . A surface inflammatory exudate may be present, especially within 24 hours of challenge with enteropathogenic E . coli . Examination of several sites from the small intestine indicates a variable distribution for enteropathogens . Rotavirus is seen by immunofluorescence microscopy in epithelial cells principally in the proximal half of the small intestine, although they may occasionally be found in the distal half . By contrast, E . coli organisms adhere to enterocytes in the distal half of the small intestine . Cryptosporidia inhabit the brush border of the enterocytes enclosed within host cell microvillous membranes, principally in the distal half of the small intestine . Examination of the small intestine of neonatal calves for pathological changes and the presence and distribution of infectious agents complements bacteriological, virological and immunological techniques in the diagnosis of neonatal enteritis.

Clin Ther, 1983, 6(1), 94 - 102
Evaluation of a new aminoglycoside antibiotic in the treatment of infections in neonates, infants, and children; Chiu TA et al.; A total of 804 pediatric patients (572 neonates and 232 infants and children) with suspected or documented serious infections were enrolled in a multicenter open study of netilmicin, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside . All patients were evaluable for safety; 161 (20%) had bacteriologically documented infections and were thus evaluable for efficacy . Clinical success was seen in 94.4% (169/179) and bacteriological success in 91.1% (163/179) of sites; clinical success was seen in 94% (205/218) and bacteriological success was seen in 90.3% (196/217) of organisms . No significant adverse renal function changes were seen, and only one instance of an eighth nerve problem, probably related to netilmicin therapy, was encountered.

Rev Fr Mal Respir, 1983, 11(6), 847 - 57
{Long-term results of a trial of short-term chemotherapy . French study 6.9.12}; Roussel G et al.; The relapse rate after short course chemotherapy is usually assessed by cases that are available for analysis, with a delay which rarely exceeds 3 years from the time of instituting therapy . This level may be disputed if too many are lost to follow up or non-compliers appearing late . To understand the true failure rate we strove to trace every patient in a trial carried out between 1969 and 1973, consisting of three groups of patients treated with the same chemotherapy: Isoniazid (450 mg/day), Rifampicin (600 mg/day) given every day but for differing durations: 6 months (Group A), 9 months (Group B), 12 months (Group C), with either daily Ethambutol or Streptomycin in addition for the first three months . Amongst the 356 patients in the trial 86 were eliminated for failure to comply with the protocol, either due to a mishap or change of treatment . Amongst the 270 remaining patients, 248 were traced with a mean delay of post-therapy follow up of 101 months for patients still living and of 72 months for patients who had died in the intervening period, but of non-tuberculous disease . In the 242 old patients whose disease could be evaluated, the number of bacteriological relapses was 4/81 (6.2 %) in group A, and 2/85 (2.3 %) in group B and 2/76 (2.6 %) in group C . There was no significant differences between the groups . From these results it is seen that the Isoniazid/Rifampicin combination given daily for 6 months is a powerful combination with few failures . Maintaining such chemotherapy for 12 months does not seem to yield substantial gains . In conclusion nine months of chemotherapy with this regime offers a sufficiently ample guarantee of cure.

Scand J Infect Dis Suppl, 1983, 40, 107 - 10
Nonspecific vaginitis in an outpatient clinic . Comparison of three dosage regimens of metronidazole; Hovik P; Nonspecific vaginitis causes diagnostic as well as therapeutic difficulties in gynecological private practice . In a study in 63 patients with "nonspecific" vaginitis, clinical parameters were related to the bacteriological isolation of G . vaginalis in order to try to find criteria which can help to make a correct diagnosis of "nonspecific vaginitis" . These patients were treated with three different regimens of metronidazole, either 2000 mg as a single dose, or two single doses of 2000 mg each taken the first and the third day, or 400 mg 2 times daily for 7 days . Patients with Candida or Trichomonas infections were excluded . Partners were treated at the same time, with the same regimen as the patient . The patients were controlled 14 and 28 days after the beginning of the treatment . The preliminary results showed that all regimens give good clinical effect, but the treatment with 2000 mg given as a single dose the first and the third days seems to lead to fewer failures.

Z Erkr Atmungsorgane, 1983, 161(1), 6 - 14
{The cognitive process of Robert Koch in becoming the founder of tuberculosis control}; Steinbruck P; The development of Robert Koch to a scientist with enormous effects to the picture of modern medicine and society is interpreted from the point of view of today . Koch has critically acquired the great scientific progress of his time by reason of his excellent gifts; he has confirmed them and has extended them fundamentally by his discoveries . Koch possessed the prerequisites for it due to his systematic, persevering and comprehensive way of working and his assiduity making him one of the originators of bacteriology, the creator of the control of infectious diseases and above all of tuberculosis . His commitment to helping men and community wherever necessary with all his possibilities, has made him a benefactor to humanity.

Ann Med Interne (Paris), 1983, 134(2), 160 - 5
{Current therapeutic orientation in intracranial suppuration}; George B et al.; Changes in diagnosis and management of intracranial infections have been studied on a continuous series of 102 cases 1968 through 1980 . Use of CT scan has not increased the number of patients diagnosed in acute phase (before the fifteenth day) but has increased the rate of case observed before the second day (37 p . cent with and 27 p . cent without the CT scan) . However the neurological status and specially the state of consciousness has not changed . Four specific data of abscess diagnosis have been defined on 56 cases suspected to have an intracranial infection; 16 out of these cases have proven by surgery not to be infectious lesion . Evolution under treatment is best followed by CT . Final aspect on CT are not different after puncture or after excision . Average delay of disappearance of edema is 20 days and of abscess is 44 days . Importance of bacteriological study in the choice of antibiotics is underlined by comparison of bacteriological and clinical results . Since the introduction of a laboratory of bacteriology in the hospital in 1976, we observed a decrease of sterile cultures (11.5 p . cent and 56 p . cent before 1976), an increase of the number of germs identified in each case and specially anaerobic germs (40 p . cent after and 10 p . cent before 1976) and a decrease in mortality and sequelae (respectively 8,3 p . cent and 19.4 p . cent before 1976 and 11,5 p . cent and 33 p . cent before 1976) . Use of CT scan and progress in bacteriological study have led us to simplify our surgical attitude in case of intracranial abscess: puncture as soon as the diagnosis is done on CT; antibiotics according to the bacteriological study and survey by CT in neurosurgical unit.

Scand J Immunol, 1983 Jan, 17(1), 37 - 43
Breakdown product of factor B as an index of complement activation in lepromatous leprosy and its relation with bacillary load; Saha K et al.; Serum complement profile studied in 50 lepromatous leprosy patients with various bacillary loads demonstrated significantly decreased C3 levels in patients with high bacteriological index (2+ to 4+) as compared with those with lesser bacterial load . In contrast, mean serum levels of C1q and C4 components remained unchanged . The concentration of factor B breakdown product (Ba) and its ratio to factor B increased with the bacterial density and more so in patients with erythema nodosum leprosum . A significant negative correlation was found between serum C3 and Ba levels in most lepromatous patients . Analysis of the data suggested the alternative pathway as the possible mechanism of complement activation in lepromatous leprosy.

Zentralbl Gynakol, 1983, 105(2), 94 - 8
{Bacterioscopic aspects of vaginal infections}; Spitzbart H; Vaginal swabs of 1000 patients were investigated by microscopic preparation and bacteriological culture . Culture was superior to microscopic investigation unequivocally . For orientation and other defined questions the microscopic preparation may be sufficient . Cultural screening methods are sufficient for expanded diagnosis in cases with vaginal infections.

Scott Med J, 1983 Jan, 28(1), 75 - 9
Dr Harvey Pirie and the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902-4) . Scottish science and medicine in the Falklands and Antarctica; Bernstein RE; Shortly after receiving a science and medical degree at Edinburgh, Dr Harvey Pirie joined the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902-4) under Bruce . The naturalist team explored East Falkland, Laurie Island in the South Orkneys, and made the first oceanographic investigation of the Weddell Sea . After sighting Antarctica and naming the coast seen Coats Land, they returned to the Clyde via Gough Island and Cape Town . After a period in Scottish private practice, Pirie became a bacteriologist; he joined the Colonial Medical Service in 1913 and served in Kenya . In 1918 he organised the bacteriological services at the South African Institute for Medical Research in Johannesburg, and became deputy-director, 1926-41.

Surgery, 1983 Jan, 93(1 Pt 2), 190 - 6
Antibiotic prophylaxis in large bowel surgery: results of a controlled clinical trial; Marti MC et al.; A prospective, randomized clinical trial was undertaken to compare the value of a combination of two antibiotics for the prevention of postoperative septic complications after large bowel surgery . In group I the patients received three doses daily for 2 days of 80 mg gentamicin and 600 mg clindamycin, intravenously . Patients in group II received three doses daily for 2 days of 80 mg gentamicin and 500 mg metronidazole . Antibiotic administration was started in the operating room before the surgical procedure . The two antibiotics were administered by separate venous routes . One hundred and seven patients were allocated to either one of the two groups . Both groups were equally matched for gender, age, and surgical procedure . Bacteriologic specimens were taken in the wound as soon as the peritoneum was closed . They were immediately incubated for identification by aerobic and anaerobic cultures and sensitivity determinations . Cultures of one or more organisms were positive in 63 of 107 specimens . There was no difference between the two groups . No death occurred as a result of intra-abdominal complication, no reoperation was required, and in no case did peritonitis occur . Six wound abscesses and three delayed stitch infections were observed: five in group I and two in group II . Five clinical anastomotic leakages were observed (5.1%): two in group I and three in group II . They did not require treatment and healed spontaneously . Furthermore, five radiologic anastomotic leakages were present in 45 patients who received a control barium enema . No side effects were noted with metronidazole of with clindamycin . No clinical evidence of ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity was observed in patients receiving gentamicin . There is no statistically significant clinical difference between the combination of gentamicin and metronidazole or gentamicin and clindamycin . Both combinations are effective in preventing wound sepsis in large bowel surgery . Metronidazole and clindamycin were equally effective in preventing postoperative anaerobic infections . No resistance of anaerobic organisms to metronidazole was observed.

Wien Klin Wochenschr Suppl, 1983, 142, 20 - 4
{Chemotherapy of severe bacterial infections in pediatrics}; Guggenbichler JP; Bacterial infections are frequent events in premature and newborn infants . The reason is a defective specific and nonspecific defence of bacterial organisms . Some immunoglobulins like IgM and IgA including secretory IgA are absent . Premature infants also show a decreased level of IgG . Cellular immunity is anatomically intact but functionally defective . A number of complement factors are lacking, the activation of the alternative pathway is impaired . Newborn infants with perinatal problems like asphyxia or difficult delivery, show defects of leucocyte function like decreased deformability, defective chemotaxis and defective killing of ingested bacteria . Certain diseases, like hypoxia and malformations of immature organ functions in this age group (decreased acid production in the stomach), facilitate bacterial colonization of surface epithelia and the invasion of tissues . Consequences of these pathogenetic mechanisms are an unimpaired propagation of bacterial organisms into the blood and meninges without localization of the infecting organisms at the entry site . Bacterial meningitis is not considered a separate disease entity but a complication of bacteremia and sepsis . Clinical symptoms are nonspecific at the onset of the infection . Fever is frequently absent; decreased appetite, vomiting, a bloated abdomen, diarrhea, tachycardia, tachypnea are early signs of a bacterial infection, a grey mottled appearance, cyanosis, jaundice, petechiae, apneic spells, seizure activity and a metabolic acidosis are symptoms of advanced infection . Successful treatment at this stage is often not possible . Every sign of a decreased well being of a newborn of premature infant warrants laboratory and bacteriologic work up for septicemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biol Neonate, 1983, 44(3), 185 - 92
Necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term newborns; de Gamarra E et al.; During a 17-month period, 19 full-term newborn infants were hospitalized for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) . 10 of these infants had no apparent risk factors . Only 7 suffered acute fetal distress . 16 of the 19 infants were born in the same hospital . Toxicological and bacteriological investigations of possible cause revealed no specific agent . Virological analysis of 8 stool samples revealed the presence of corona virus in 5 of the 8.

Dev Biol Stand, 1983, 53, 219 - 28
Effect of feeding human milk on nosocomial rotavirus infections in an infants ward; Berger R et al.; Children aged 1-15 months hospitalized for different respiratory diseases (including otitis media) at an infants ward frequently developed diarrhoea during their stay in the clinic . Bacteriological examinations of stool samples were usually negative but rotavirus excretion was frequent according to ELISA tests . Children fed with human milk are assumed to be less susceptible to rotavirus infections due to the protection by maternal antibody . In view of preventive measures for avoiding rotavirus nosocomial infections a study was carried out . All children entering the infants ward and showing no sign of gastrointestinal disorders were distributed at random into two groups . The first group received a normal diet according to age, the second group received in addition 200 ml of fresh human milk per day . Serial stool samples were taken at the first day and thereafter every 3-4 days . Routine bacteriological examination and tests for rotavirus excretion were carried out . Children already excreting rotavirus at the first day were excluded from the study . Analysis of the gene segments of excreted rotavirus revealed the presence of two subspecies of rotavirus type 2 appearing at different periods during the study indicating nosocomial infections . Such infections were surprisingly frequent: 16 of 28 children started to excrete rotavirus during their stay in the ward and 8 of these 16 got diarrhoea . A statistically significant difference in the infection rate between the two groups was not observed although clinical symptoms seemed to be less severe in children fed with human milk.

Lancet, 1982 Dec 11, 2(8311), 1301 - 4
Laboratory diagnosis and oral treatment of CAPD peritonitis; Knight KR et al.; The laboratory diagnosis of 50 consecutive episodes of peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was studied . The technique which yielded the highest rate (84%) of positive bacteriological diagnoses was inoculation and subculture of thioglycollate broth . Cloudiness of fluid to the naked eye was an accurate predictor of a raised white cell count . A minimum laboratory protocol for the bacteriological diagnosis of CAPD peritonitis was devised and has been in use satisfactorily since the completion of the study . Antibiotic treatment was given orally in the first instance in 43 episodes and was successful in 34.

Jpn J Antibiot, 1982 Dec, 35(12), 2831 - 4
{Clinical study of cefsulodin on infectious diseases in otorhinolaryngological field}; Sato F et al.; The clinical effect of cefsulodin (CFS) on Pseudomonas species infections in otorhinolaryngologic field was studied in 10 patients . The overall clinical effectiveness was 80% (excellent 4, good 4, poor 2) . The bacteriological response of CFS against Pseudomonas species was evaluated from 11 strains . Eradication rate of Pseudomonas species was 82% . In 1 case, body temperature was rised after injection . No abnormal laboratory findings, relating to the drug, were observed after treatment.

J Am Vet Med Assoc, 1982 Dec 1, 181(11), 1285 - 7
Brucellosis in wild swine: a serologic and bacteriologic survey in the southeastern United States and Hawaii; Zygmont SM et al.; Sera from wild swine from 20 populations in 11 southeastern states and Hawaii were tested for brucellosis by the card, tube, plate, buffered plate antigen, complement-fixation, and rivanol tests . Twenty-one of 352 (6.0%) swine were considered seropositive, and these animals originated from 7 populations in 5 states: Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and South Carolina . Cultural examinations for Brucella suis also were made from subsamples of the swine tested serologically . Brucella suis biotype 1 was isolated from lymph nodes or seminal vesicles from wild swine in 2 areas in Florida and 1 in Louisiana.

Infect Immun, 1982 Dec, 38(3), 1137 - 48
Bacteriology of severe periodontitis in young adult humans; Moore WE et al.; A total of 78 bacteriological samples were taken from the supragingival tooth surface after superficial cleaning with toothpicks or from the periodontal sulci of 42 affected sites in 21 adolescents or young adults with severe generalized periodontitis . Of 190 bacterial species, subspecies, or serotypes detected among 2,723 isolates, 11 species exceeded 1% of the subgingival flora and were most closely associated with the diseased sulci . Eleven others were also sufficiently frequent to be suspect agents of tissue destruction . Many of these species are known pathogens of other body sites . In addition, 10 species of Treponema were isolated . One of these and the "large treponeme" were also more closely associated with severe periodontitis than they were with healthy sites or gingivitis . There were highly significant differences between the composition of the flora of the affected sulci and the flora of (i) the adjacent supragingival tooth surface, (ii) the gingival crevice of periodontally healthy people, and (iii) sites with a gingival index score of 0 or 2 in experimental gingivitis studies . The floras of different individuals were also significantly different . There was no statistically detectable effect of sampling per se upon the composition of the flora of subsequent samples from the same sites . The composition of the supragingival flora of the patients with severe generalized periodontitis that had serum antibody to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was significantly different from the supragingival flora of patients without this serum antibody . However, there was no statistically significant difference in the composition of their subgingival floras.

J S Afr Vet Assoc, 1982 Dec, 53(4), 233 - 4
On the inactivation of Brucella abortus in naturally contaminated milk by commercial pasteurisation procedures; Van den Heever LW et al.; Following concern about the recent publication indicating the possible ability of Brucella abortus to survive commercial pasteurisation of naturally contaminated milk, such milk was subjected to biological (BT), serological and bacteriological tests . The raw milk was Brucella Milk Ring Test positive and biotype I was isolated from 4/5 BT guinea pigs, the one tested being seropositive to the Rose Bengal Test, and with serum agglutination and complement fixation titres of 160 and 36 international units respectively . After batch (63 degrees C/30 min) and high temperature, short time (72 degrees C/15 sec) pasteurisation, all 10 BT guinea pigs were bacteriologically and serologically negative, indicating that officially approved methods of commercial pasteurisation rendered naturally Brucella-contaminated raw milk safe for consumption.

J Hyg (Lond), 1982 Dec, 89(3), 399 - 407
Laboratory diagnosis of smallpox: role of the Virus Reference Laboratory, Colindale, 1947-70; Macrae AD; The Virus Reference Laboratory, Colindale, first embarked on laboratory investigations for smallpox early in 1947 . From then, in conjunction with the Department of Bacteriology, University of Liverpool, it provided a complete diagnostic service throughout England and Wales until 1962, after which the service became available regionally until eradication was effected . Up to 1970 it had investigated 2696 specimens from suspected cases of smallpox and had recovered 108 strains of variola and 248 of vaccinia virus . These last were from persons suffering the complications of vaccination . Some outbreaks following smallpox importation are discussed but infection among laboratory staff during this period was not demonstrated.

Eur J Clin Microbiol, 1982 Dec, 1(6), 351 - 3
Acridine orange staining of smears for demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Katila ML et al.; Acridine orange staining for the detection of mycobacteria was compared with staining by auramine O and with mycobacterial culture in a series of 1071 clinical specimens . A total of 78 (7%) specimens were positive by staining . No false positive or negative findings were recorded by the acridine orange method . The two fluorochromes proved equal in their ability to detect mycobacteria in specimens from culture positive cases of tuberculosis . In the rapid bacteriological diagnosis of tuberculosis, acridine orange offers a good alternative to auramine O which is considered carcinogenic.

Wien Med Wochenschr, 1982 Nov 15, 132(21), 523 - 6
{The intra-arterial infusion . II . Its use in the treatment of septic gangrene}; Hugeneck J et al.; The local toxicity of Cefazolin was evaluated for the arterial endothelium . 37 patients with septic gangrena were treated by intraarterial infusions of standardized Cefazolin infusions into the arteries of the involved legs . In the average 11.6 infusions were applied for one leg . The bacteriology of the infected gangrenous legs is discussed as well as the sensitivity of antibiotics of the germs found . A progression of the gangrena could be prevented in 78% of the cases, only minor surgical measures, such as borderline amputations or plastic interventions were necessary . No side effects due to the local application of the drug were observed . The intraarterial continuous infusion of broad band antibiotics for septic gangrena is recommended.

Nouv Presse Med, 1982 Nov 6, 11(44), 3247 - 50
{Automation of antibiograms . Effect on the response delay of bacteriologic tests}; Carret G et al.; The delay between in-coming requests and results of bacteriological examinations was measured in a hospital laboratory before and after automation with an Abbott MS-2 system . Paradoxically, using this apparatus, which performs certain tasks within 6 hours instead of 12, increased the delay, mainly because of the multiple problems associated with automation . On the other hand, the delay was significantly reduced when a rapid micro-organism identification method (Micro ID) was used concomitantly . It is concluded that maximum efficiency could be achieved if bacteriological laboratories combined automated antibiotic susceptibility testing with a rapid germ identification method.

Ann Microbiol (Paris), 1982 Nov-Dec, 133(3), 427 - 32
Deoxyfructo-serotonin: a new drug with anti-leprosy activity; Mester de Parajd L et al.; In the mouse foot pas, deoxyfructo-serotonin (DFS) shows a definite inhibitory effect on the multiplication of M . leprae in Dapsone-sensitive as well as Dapsone-resistant cases . In clinical trials, based on 7 cases treated with DFS for an average period of 6 months, the beneficial effects of DFS are observed after a few weeks of treatment in BB cases, and after a few months in LL cases . In addition to clear improvements in the appearance of the skin (regression and healing of nodules, almost complete disappearance of infiltration, etc) one observes in the majority of cases a rapid improvement in the bacteriological and morphological indexes, the latter falling to 0% . In the course of these studies, no single suggestion of intolerance was detected.

J Reticuloendothel Soc, 1982 Nov, 32(5), 347 - 53
The effect of glucan--a host resistance activator--and ampicillin on experimental intraabdominal sepsis; Lahnborg G et al.; Glucan, a beta-1-3-polyglucosidic component of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cervisiae, was evaluated for its ability to influence the survival rate in rats with induced intraabdominal sepsis . To mimic closely the human bacteriological intestinal flora, the rats, in 4 groups each of 15 animals, were fed a lean meat diet . Intraabdominal sepsis was induced by resecting 1 cm of the intestine and reimplanting it in the abdominal cavity, reestablishing intestinal continuity by one-layer end-to-end anastomosis . The rats were injected with glucan, isovolumetric saline, and ampicillin or glucan plus ampicillin . The results indicate a significant decrease in mortality in the group treated with ampicillin compared with the group treated with saline only . The group treated with glucan plus ampicillin differed significantly from the group given ampicillin . The bacterial flora was not qualitatively influenced by glucan administration . It is concluded that glucan, in combination with ampicillin, has a significant effect on the survival rate of rats with induced peritonitis, probably by enhancing the activities of the reticuloendothelial system--an important part of the total host resistance.

Jpn Circ J, 1982 Nov, 46(11), 1169 - 71
The throat culture in Kawasaki disease; Asai T et al.; Recently, Kawasaki disease has been attracting more attention as a new acquired heart disease in pediatrics, but the etiology of this disease has still not been established . In this study, the authors performed throat cultures not only on the patients themselves but also on their parents in order to investigate its etiology . No abnormal and specific bacterium was found in the present study . However, there have been many reports which may suggest bacterial or viral involvement at the onset of this disease . Therefore, it may be necessary to continue bacteriological analysis more systematically.

Z Rheumatol, 1982 Nov-Dec, 41(6), 244 - 7
{Rheumatism and urogenital infection}; Schmidt KL; The antiinfectious treatment of rheumatic diseases is certainly very old, but it has gained increased significance as a result of new bacteriological and immunological findings . Urogenital infection as a possible trigger mechanism in reactive arthritides and ankylosing spondylitis was investigated particularly thoroughly . Many experimental, immunological and clinical results indicate a pathogenetic role of infections with chlamydia or mycoplasma in inflammatory rheumatic diseases . However, numerous tests on cultures proved negative, and many serological-immunological findings are inconsistent . The "link" between urogenital infection and rheumatic diseases is still unknown . Of particular interest are the relations between chlamydial prostatitis and ankylosing spondylitis . Earlier findings on the induction of osteogenesis from undifferentiated connective tissue cells by epithelial cells from the prostate could be a basis for further research.

Vet Med (Praha), 1982 Nov, 27(11), 687 - 96
{The effect of qualitatively different nutritional intakes on the development of experimentally induced atypical mycobacteriosis and the appearance of indicators in pigs}; Herzig I et al.; A single infection with the culture of M . intracellulare at a rate of 0.1 mg per kg of weight in pigs fed the A 1 and SOL mixtures and the subsequent development of clinically confirmed mycobacteriosis did not exert any significant influence on the performance of the animals, as compared with the non-infected animals . The metabolically determined coefficients of nutrient digestibility in the SOL mixture determined in the animals on the 70th and 91st days from infection were almost the same as those in non-infected animals . The absence of animal protein and biofactor supplement in experimental mixtures adversely affected the performance of the pigs but exerted no unfavourable influence on the development of atypical mycobacteriosis after the administration of 0.01 mg or 0.1 mg of the culture of M . intracellulare per kg of body weight . No elimination of atypical mycobacteria in the faeces was demonstrated in the groups fed mixtures with biofactor supplement . The feeding of infected pigs with the COS 2 and A 1 mixtures, compared with the use of the experimental mixtures with a lower content of nitrogen compounds and vitamins and a higher content of fibre and energy, influenced the parameters of performance but did not result in a different patho-anatomic and bacteriological picture after mass-scale infection (1 milligram of culture per kg of weight).

Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 1982 Nov-Dec, 120(6), 801 - 5
{Elimination of antibiotics from Palacos bone cement (personal experience from a bacteriological viewpoint after 10-year application in joint replacement surgery}; Lodenkamper H et al.; Long-term studies were set up to investigate the release of various antibiotics from bone cement . In some cases release was evidenced for a few days, in others for many months or years . All alloarthroplastic operations are threatened by infection . We therefore advocate the prophylactic use of antibiotics in any case of major corrective joint replacement surgery, and our method has been valuable in many patients . Deep infection from resistant bacteria and mixed infection require a combination of two or more appropriate antibiotics . The antibiotic effect evidenced in vitro cannot simply be transferred to the mechanism of elution of antibiotics out of cement . Examples are given . Bacteriological studies and clinical investigations are a prelude to prophylactic treatment with single antibiotics and in combination . A great number of able bacteriologists and clinicians is required in attempts to tackle this vast and difficult therapeutical problem.

Radiologe, 1982 Nov, 22(11), 484 - 92
{Computer tomographic guided fine needle puncture of abdominal masses}; Triller J et al.; CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy was carried out in 177 patients with proven intra-, retro- or extraperitoneal lesions . This method verified the diagnosis in 89/132 cases (66%) with malignant neoplasia, metastases and recurrent malignant tumors . In 45 patients with benign or inflammatory lesions of the intra- and retroperitoneal space, fine-needle puncture showed a purulent liquid, inflammatory altered cell elements or a positive bacteriological result . The success of CT fine-needle puncture depends mainly on the examiner's experience, the exact localization of the needle, and careful handling of the cytological material . Fine-needle puncture should be applied simultaneously with CT when an undefined space-occupying lesion is present . Unsuccessful sonography is an indication for CT-guided fine-needle puncture.

Scand J Gastroenterol, 1982 Oct, 17(7), 865 - 9
A clinicopathological study of acute colitis: the dilemma of transient colitis syndrome; Mandal BK et al.; In a 5-year clinicopathological study of acute colitis involving 238 adults, 42 patients were found to have 'transient colitis syndrome' . This is a term we have developed to describe those patients who have a short-duration self-limiting acute colitis of abrupt onset and negative bacteriology and which does not recur . Analysis of clinical features suggests an infective aetiology for most cases of transient colitis syndrome . The histology varied from changes of infective colitis to that of inflammatory bowel disease . It is likely that many patients who are now enjoying permanent remission after a single attack of 'inflammatory bowel disease' had this transient colitis syndrome.

J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1982 Oct, 64(8), 1188 - 200
Changes in the bone-cement interface after total hip replacement . An in vivo animal study; Radin EL et al.; In order to study the temporal sequence of radiographic, histological, mechanical, bacteriological, and chemical changes around the femoral component following total hip replacement, a model was created by implanting plastic-on-metal total hip replacements in sheep and walking the animals on a concrete surface beginning six weeks postoperatively . This model demonstrated a decreased torsional rigidity between the prosthesis and the femoral cortex in all sheep . Failure of bonding occurred at the bone-cement interface and appears from our results to be most probably due to alterations in the functional stress of the proximal end of the femur following insertion of the femoral component rather than exothermic polymerization, toxicity of free monomer residue, or infection . Clinical Relevance: An understanding of the causes of loosening of cemented metal femoral components in total hip replacement has been thwarted by a lack of specimens at sequential times in the loosening process . Since a patient is not operated on until the prosthetic components are completely loose, such specimens are difficult to obtain clinically . For this reason a model for examining the bone-cement interface, measured by decreased torsional rigidity of the prosthesis relative to the bone, was developed in sheep . Of all the parameters studied, those inherent in the effects (mechanical or vascular, or both) of insertion of the prosthesis itself appeared to be the most likely cause of the change in the mechanical properties of the interface . This suggests that degenerative changes of the bone-cement interface may be inevitable.

Clin Orthop, 1982 Oct, (170), 175 - 83
The pathology of failed total joint arthroplasty; Mirra JM et al.; In 94 cases of failed total hip and knee joint arthroplasties, acute and chronic inflammation, acrylic, metal, and polyethylene debris, and histiocytic reaction were assessed in a 0, 1+, 2+, 3+ semiquantitative manner . Chronic inflammation of 2+ to 3+ was not particularly useful in separating a reaction to wear debris from infection . At the time of frozen section, 2+ to 3+ acute inflammation (greater than 5 PMNs per high power field) was used with excellent follow-up bacteriologic correlation to delay replacement of the failed prosthesis until the infection was controlled . Acrylic (2+ to 3+) and excessive polyethylene wear debris correlated well with loosening . Dusky grey cells were the hallmark of metal-filled histiocytes . Mononuclear and multinuclear histiocytes (2+ to 3+) were correlated with excessive acrylic and/or polyethylene debris . The histologic features of metal particles, acrylic voids, polyethylene and teflon fibers and silastic globules illustrate the pathologic identification of these materials.

Chest, 1982 Oct, 82(4), 426 - 9
A controlled trial of individually-adapted short-course chemotherapy versus two-year scheme in original treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis . Report after a five-year follow-up; Favez G et al.; Patients with culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were allocated at random into two groups for a three-phase regimen in original course chemotherapy . The first group was given rifampicin (RMP) plus isoniazid (INH) plus ethambutol until sensitivity tests were completed, then RMP plus INH until culture conversion, thereafter INH alone for four months . The second group received the same drugs until obtaining culture conversion, thereafter IHN alone for a period lasting two years after onset of chemotherapy . One hundred sixty-eight patients were available for the final assessment after a five-year follow-up after culture conversion . Two bacteriologic relapses occurred among the two-year scheme patients, none in the short-course patients.

Br J Exp Pathol, 1982 Oct, 63(5), 562 - 72
A spectrum of immune responses and pathological conditions between certain animal species to experimental Mycobacterium bovis infection; Thorns CJ et al.; Guinea-pigs, rabbits, rats, ferrets and hedgehogs were infected with a recent field isolate of Mycobacterium bovis . The cell-mediated and antibody responses were studied up to 8 weeks after infection at which time the animals were killed and pathological, histological and bacteriological examinations were carried out . Guinea-pigs and rabbits produced an intense cell-mediated response and strong tissue reactions around the lesions . This appears, in part, to be responsible for the susceptibility of these animals to M . bovis . The strong cell-mediated response was also related to the small numbers of organisms in the tissues . Ferrets produced very little cell-mediated response and only minor tissue reactions . The lack of any cell-mediate response was related to the large numbers of organisms in the tissues which produced an acute disseminated disease . The antibody response produced by ferrets, rabbits and guinea-pigs was variable within an between the species and could not be related to numbers of organisms in the tissues . In rats and hedgehogs a specific cell-mediated and humoral response was difficult to detect but the growth of the organism was controlled by the host resulting in a persistent subclinical infection with no mortality.

Tijdschr Diergeneeskd, 1982 Oct 1, 107(19), 717 - 25
{Diagnosis and treatment of postpartum endometritis in cattle}; de Kruif A et al.; The bovine genital tracts of 120 animals in which parturition had run a highly abnormal course and those of thirty which had calved normally and showed retained placentas were studied by vaginoscopic examination and bacteriological examination on the fifteenth, seventeenth and thirtieth day after parturition . The animals were classified at random into four groups . Three groups underwent intra-uterine treatment (with antibiotics, lotagen and polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine respectively) on the fifteenth day after parturition and one group remained untreated . The methods of treatment used did not result in more rapid healing of the uterus, which was verified by the results of vaginoscopic examinations as well as by those of bacteriological examination . An outstanding feature consisted in the fact that the uterus has an effective self-cleansing mechanism . Bacteriological examination was positive in 132 out of 150 animals on the fifteenth day after parturition . Only seventy-five animals were positive on the thirtieth day after parturition . The number of animals positive for C . pyogenes dropped from eighty-four (day 15) to forty-three (day 30) . There was a marked correlation between the results of vaginoscopic examination and those of bacteriological examination of the uterus . When the discharge was mucopurulent or purulent thirty days after parturition, bacteriological examination was positive in 64 and 74 per cent of the cases respectively . C . pyogenes could be isolated in 74 and 93 per cent of the cases respectively and usually was present in the form of pure cultures . It is concluded that there is no point in carrying out a single intra-uterine treatment about the fifteenth day after parturition in cattle affected with endometritis.

J Pediatr, 1982 Oct, 101(4), 617 - 21
Double-blind multicenter comparison of cyclacillin and amoxicillin for the treatment of acute otitis media; McLinn SE et al.; A multicenter double-blind study of 363 pediatric outpatients with acute otitis media demonstrated that cyclacillin, administered in three divided doses (three times a day) for ten days, is as effective as and better tolerated than a similar regimen of amoxicillin . The bacteriologic cure rate for patients with middle-ear cultures was 98% in both treatment groups . Remission of signs and symptoms was significantly faster in the cyclacillin group (3.1 days) than in the amoxicillin group (4.3 days) (P less than 0.05) . Of the 179 children treated with cyclacillin, three (1.7%) had drug-related diarrhea in contrast to 18 of the 184 (9.8%) children treated with amoxicillin (P less than 0.01) . Cyclacillin produces a rapid resolution of symptoms and a low incidence of diarrhea.

Rofo, 1982 Oct, 137(4), 422 - 7
{Computer tomographic-directed fine needle aspiration biopsy of pelvic masses}; Triller J et al.; CT-aided fine needle biopsy was performed in 48 patients with pelvic space-occupying lesions demonstrated by computer tomography . Amongst 36 patients with malignant neoplasms, recurrences or metastases, malignant cells were found in 26 (72%) . In six out of twelve patients suspected of having a pelvic abscess, fine needle puncture confirmed the diagnosis by providing positive bacteriological results . CT-aided puncture should be used in conjunction with computer tomography in order to clarify the aetiology of space-occupying lesions . The indication for CT-aided puncture is the presence of a pelvic space-occupying lesions which cannot be demarcated by sonography.

Rofo, 1982 Oct, 137(4), 403 - 9
{Perirenal masses following kidney transplantation . Ultrasonically guided punctures and aspirate analyses}; Wernecke K et al.; 24 perirenal masses in renal allograft recipients were aspirated by means of ultrasonographically guided percutaneous fine needle puncture, analysed biochemically, bacteriologically and identified as 15 lymphoceles, 5 hematomas, 2 abscesses and 2 urinomas . The discrimination criteria, based on macroscopic findings and biochemical analysis, are previously described in detail . According to ultrasonographic and clinical characteristics the lymphoceles are divided into two groups: 1 . Large lymphoceles without any sign of rejection, which seem to be caused by injury of lymphatic vessels in the pelvic region of the graft recipient . 2 . Small lymphoceles with signs of rejection, which evidently result from increased secretion of lymph by the allograft . In 54 punctures a therapeutic effect was achieved in small abscesses and lymphoceles only, which were drained percutaneously . A repeated fine needle evacuation of lymphoceles did not result in an obliteration of the lymphocele in any case . Ultrasonographically guided fine needle puncture of perirenal masses is of great importance, since the perirenal fluid can be identified exactly and an immediate and definitive therapy is made possible.

Schweiz Med Wochenschr, 1982 Sep 4, 112(36), 1230 - 8
{Modern antibiotic therapy in acute ORL infections . Results of a survey, bacteriological viewpoints and suggestions for antibiotic therapy}; Pfammatter D et al.; To gain information on antibiotics usage in the daily practice of ENT specialists in the Zurich area, 64 questionnaires were distributed at the beginning of 1980 . Approximately half the questionnaires were returned . The results of antibiotics usage in common ENT infections are summarized and their bacteriological spectrum is discussed in the light of the literature . Finally, the spectrum of activity and daily cost of various antibiotics are discussed and an appropriate antibiotic therapy is recommended.

Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 1982 Sep, 42(9), 645 - 50
{Peripartal infections}; Graeff H; Infections are still the most frequent peripartal complications . Very often they are nosocomial (hospital acquired) infections . Diagnosis and therapy of severe conditions may pose considerable problems . The most significant clinical factors in patient survival are the attentive surveillance and early recognition of the patient's disorder . The choice of antibiotics has to be done in consideration of the bacteriology of the vagina (endogenous infection) . Removal of the infection site (uterus with or without adnexae) is the therapeutic procedure with the highest success rate in cases with sepsis or bacterial shock . Prophylaxis of infectious morbidity following caesarean section seems to be possible and advisable in patients with certain risk factors (labour, rupture of membranes, repeated vaginal examinations).

Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 1982 Sep, 50(3), 330 - 4
A study of 922 bacteriologically positive leprosy cases; Koticha KK et al.; Nine hundred twenty-two bacteriologically positive leprosy cases were registered over a period of 13 years (1962-1974) at the Acworth Leprosy Hospital in Bombay, and studied for a minimum period of five years . Two hundred eighty-eight were found to take antileprosy medication irregularly . The remaining 634 patients, who took their medication regularly, were analyzed with respect to the effects of age, sex, type of disease, frequency of reactions, and duration of treatment on the attainment of bacteriologic negativity . Overall, 57.4% of those patients taking medication regularly became bacteriologically negative; while only 20.8% of those taking medication irregularly became bacteriologically negative . Age and sex did not appear to influence the attainment of bacteriologic negativity . The type of disease, reactions, and duration of treatment all influenced the time required to attain bacteriologic negativity.

Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss, 1982 Sep, 75(9), 1061 - 8
{Outcome of echocardiographic vegetations in bacterial endocarditis during and after anti-infective therapy}; Roudaut R et al.; Echocardiography is a practical and reliable method of detecting endocardial vegetations . The aim of this study was to assess the course of echocardiographic vegetations in bacterial endocarditis under anti infectious therapy and to assess the prognostic significance of the vegetations . Twenty four patients with echocardiographic signs of vegetations were included in a standardised protocol: M mode and 2D examination at the beginning and at the end of medical treatment and when possible after bacteriological cure (average period of follow-up 16 +/- 6 weeks) . Special attention was paid to the volume (assessed I to III) and acoustic density of the vegetations . Fifteen patients underwent surgery (62.5%) . The size of the vegetations did not differ significantly from that observed in the other patients . The size of the vegetations remained constant during medical therapy and after bacteriological cure in 2/3 of cases . The vegetations grew during medical therapy (even when the patients were apyrexic) in 29% of cases, and even after a 40 day course of anti infectious therapy in 2 cases . The size of the vegetations decreases in 3 cases during treatment (2 cases of embolisation) and in 2 cases after bacteriological cure (without embolisation) . No correlations could be drawn between the acoustic density of the vegetations and the outcome . In conclusion, the presence of a large vegetation in bacterial endocarditis does not in itself mean a poor prognosis . However, these large vegetations are often associated with severe mutilating lesions (62.5% in our series) . The size of the vegetations remained unchanged during and after medical treatment in two thirds of cases.

J Epidemiol Community Health, 1982 Sep, 36(3), 157 - 61
Bacteriological survey of tuberculous lymphadenitis in South-east England: 1973-80; Grange J et al.; During the eight years 1973-80 the Public Health Laboratory Service Regional Centre for Tuberculosis Bacteriology received cultures of mycobacteria from 2339 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis . Of these, 2272 were M tuberculosis (2207 human and 65 bovine strains) and 67 were other mycobacterial species, usually M avium and its intracellulare variant . Disease due to the human strains of M tuberculosis occurred most often in young women of Asian ethnic origin . Many bovine strains isolated from Asian patients differ from the classical bovine type in being sensitive to pyrazinamide: the origin of these strains, whether from other people or from cattle, is unknown . Lymphadenitis due to bovine strains tended to occur in an older age group than the human strains and probably include relatively more cases of reactivation diseases . Infection caused by the other mycobacterial species occurred mainly in young children of European origin . Tuberculosis, therefore, remains an important cause of lymphadenopathy in Britain.

Postgrad Med, 1982 Sep, 72(3), 171 - 5, 178-9
Bacterial food poisoning: what to do if prevention fails; Goldfrank L et al.; The numerous etiologies of food poisoning make assessment of this disease a cultural, bacteriologic, chemical, gastronomic, and epidemiologic research project . Cautious investigation and study of etiologic possibilities are most stimulating intellectual exercises and obviously benefit the patient . Often, a case of food poisoning necessitates interaction with the local health department in search of the causative agent before other people are afflicted . A thorough knowledge of this field is essential to provide reasonable care to the millions "poisoned" by food annually.

Postgrad Med, 1982 Sep, 72(3), 157 - 9, 162-7
Timely therapy for empyema: what it constitutes and why; Cohen DJ; The incidence and treatment of empyema historically have fluctuated with the introduction of new antibiotics . As resistant strains of bacteria emerge, a return to aggressive surgical therapy becomes necessary . Empyemas are most likely to occur in patients with an underlying factor such as alcoholism, bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, diabetes, tuberculosis, carcinoma, heroin addiction, or steroid therapy . The bacteriology is constantly changing . Recently, the importance of anaerobic organisms--which are now involved in three out of four cases of empyema--has been recognized . Diagnosis is established and antibiotics chosen on the basis of Gram staining and culture of pleural fluid . Surgical procedures include thoracentesis, closed chest tube drainage, open drainage plus rib resection, decortication, thoracoplasty, and excision of the empyema sac with an extrapleural dissection.

Rev Infect Dis, 1982 Sep-Oct, 4 Suppl, S411 - 5
Clinical experience with cefotaxime in the treatment of patients with bacteremia; Meyers BR; Seventy-three of 129 patients with bacteremia were observed for their responses to cefotaxime therapy . The clinical response to treatment with cefotaxime was satisfactory in 68 (93%) of the 73 patients . The bacteriologic response was satisfactory in 64 (92.7%) of the 69 patients with bacteriologic evidence of bacteremia . One hundred twenty-nine patients were observed for adverse reactions . Four patients had adverse reactions serious enough to warrant discontinuation of therapy, and three patients developed superinfections.

Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1982 Sep, (9), 42 - 5
{Epidemiological problems of ozena and the means for controlling this infection}; Gorbacheva VN et al.; Clinical, bacteriological, serological and epidemiological studies of ozena morbidity among the population of Minsk were carried out in 1970-1980 . On January 1, 1981, the ozena morbidity rate among the inhabitants of Minsk was 26.72% . Ozena was found to affect mainly children and women . A wide spread of the family foci of this disease (31.68%) was revealed . The results of this study indicate that the source of K . ozaenae is a sick person who begins to excrete the bacteria in the prodromal period of the disease and may continue to excrete them for many years . The transfer of K . ozaenae occurs probably by droplet or contact infection . The droplet infection is less active in the absence of symptoms (coughing, sneezing) facilitating excretion of the infective agent into the air and in cases of the low susceptibility of persons to ozena . The main measures for controlling ozena are the timely detection and sanitation of the sources of ozena, as well as the current disinfection of the infection foci in apartments.

Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 1982 Sep, 50(3), 282 - 90
Imbalances in T cell subpopulations in lepromatous leprosy; Wallach D et al.; Circulating T cells, T helper, and T suppressor cells were investigated in 24 lepromatous patients, using murine hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies OKT 3, OKT 4, and OKT 8 . Six bacillary lepromatous patients without recent eNL were studied; in this group, suppressor cells were increased and helper cells diminished, resulting in a decrease in the helper/suppressor (H/S) ratio . Nine bacteriologically negative lepromatous patients without recent ENL were studied . T cell subsets distribution was normal, although some T cell functions were affected . It was further shown that in non-ENL patients, the diminution of the H/S ratio is correlated with the Bacteriologic Index (BI) . Although bacillary, ENL patients exhibit a completely different T cell pattern than non-reactional patients . In these patients, there was a significant diminution of circulating suppressor cells, and an increase in T cell functions . These abnormalities were transient . Our results confirm the importance of suppressor cells in lepromatous leprosy, and suggest that imbalance between helper and suppressor cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of ENL reactions.

Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales, 1982 Aug-Oct, 75(4), 415 - 25
{Bacteriological inhibition in the nests of Acromyrmex octospinosus Reich}; Papa J et al.; Media prepared from nests of Acromyrmex octospinosus Reich show an inhibiting activity against strains of bacteria Gram + and Gram - . To demonstrate this activity it is necessary to use a particular methodology using important concentration of extract (Mass effect) . The main reason of the inhibition is due to the acidity of pH (pH = 5.0) . This effect explains how the ants protect their nest against the bacterial competitors.

J Clin Pathol, 1982 Aug, 35(8), 881 - 7
A microcomputer system for clinical bacteriology: experience of 12 months' trial; Courcol RJ et al.; A data processing system using microcomputers was developed in a hospital bacteriology laboratory processing more than 60 000 specimens yearly . The purchase price of the hardware was frs 200 000 (17 500 pounds) and the software was written by the authors . The system has been running since May 1980 without general breakdown . The present configuration allows the processing of specimens, enquiries, scientific and administrative tasks but multiprogramming and cumulative reports are not possible.

Urology, 1982 Aug, 20(2), 138 - 40
Comparison of cinoxacin and nalidixic acid in patients with cystitis; Paulson DF; A single-blind comparative study was undertaken in 95 patients with cystitis . Each patient received either cinoxacin . 250 mg . qid or nalidixic acid, 1 Gm . qid for seven to fourteen days . Fifty-five patients fulfilled all the criteria for efficacy evaluations; in the cinoxacin-treated group, 26 patients (93 per cent) had a satisfactory symptomatic response, and in the nalidixic acid group there were 25 patients (93 per cent) with a satisfactory symptomatic response . The bacteriologic response was also similar in both groups . One patient in each group became reinfected with a new pathogen and in 1 patient, who received conoxacin, the causative pathogen was not eliminated . four female patients in the cinoxacin group had seven adverse drug reactions, compared with 9 patients in the nalidixic acid group who had 18 adverse reactions . It is concluded that cinoxacin has advantages over nalidixic acid for the treatment of patients with cystitis due to susceptible organisms.

J Infect Dis, 1982 Aug, 146(2), 211 - 9
Association of prior nocardiosis and subsequent occurrence of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in a defined, immunosuppressed population; Simpson GL et al.; A retrospective epidemiologic and risk factor analysis demonstrated an association of prior nocardiosis to the subsequent development of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in five cardiac allograft recipients . Strong statistical support for this association was derived from five separate analytical approaches, including comparisons with time-matched cohorts and by multivariate regression analysis . Each of the five patients in the study had had uncomplicated pulmonary nocardiosis and had been treated successfully with long-term sulfonamide therapy . Although each patient remained clinically, radiographically, and bacteriologically free of recurrent nocardial disease during an average follow-up period of approximately three years, each patient subsequently (after a mean period of greater than two years from the diagnosis of nocardiosis) developed infection due to Mycobacterium kansasii or Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum . Detailed statistical studies failed to identify factors that could account for this observation.

J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 1982 Aug, 40(8), 522 - 4
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis; Popowich L et al.; Atypical mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis is predominantly a disease of childhood, presenting with lesions high in the neck . The incidence of this disease is apparently on the increase . There is rarely concurrent pulmonary involvement . Although management is controversial, the case reported demonstrates an instance in which surgery was combined with chemotherapy . Coincidently, surgery provides the best opportunity for definitive bacteriologic identification . Diagnosis should be based on histologic studies combined with tuberculin skin testing, bacteriologic identification, and cultures from the affected glands . Although it is uncommon, tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis should definitely be entertained in the differential diagnosis of neck masses, especially in young children.

In Vitro, 1982 Aug, 18(8), 727 - 38
Binding of epithelial cells to lectin-coated surfaces; Phillips SG et al.; Epithelial cells may relate to their basement membrane substrates via lectin-like interactions . In a model system for study of this type of interaction, lectin-coated bacteriological plastic petri dishes were presented as substrates for epithelial cell adhesion . Of 21 lectins tested by mixed agglutination against two epithelial cell types, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK), nine gave less than 5% rosettes and 12 gave 5 to 50% rosettes . Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Geodia cydonium lectin gave the highest percentage of rosettes . Wheat germ agglutinin was readily adsorbed to plastic surfaces and maintained specificity in binding interactions . Both MDCK and HEK cells attached as well to WGA coated petri dishes as to conventional tissue culture dishes . Furthermore, both spread over the lectin-coated surfaces . The MDCK cells grew to confluence and could be subcultured and maintained indefinitely on such surfaces, although WGA in solution was toxic to the cells in concentrations as low as 0.1 to 1.0 microgram/ml . Cell attachment to WGA coated dishes was blocked by cycloheximide only if the cells had been preincubated with the inhibitor for several hours . Cell attachment was not inhibited by pretreatment of cells with neuraminidase . Precoating cells with WGA blocked binding to both WGA-coated surfaces and untreated tissue culture dishes . Cells attached to WGA-coated dishes could not be readily dislodged by trypsin-EDTA for the first 2 h after subculture . By 4 h, attachment was again trypsin sensitive, suggesting that the cells synthesized a trypsin-sensitive material that was laid down between the cell surface and the WGA-coated dish . Regeneration of trypsin sensitivity was not blocked by cycloheximide.

Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss, 1982 Aug, 75(8), 933 - 8
{Infectious endocarditis of a healthy heart in an infant}; Girardet JP et al.; Publication Types:

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