Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1985 Jul 1, 152(5), 569 - 70 Bartholin's cyst: marsupialization or aspiration? Cheetham DR. Of 34 patients with bartholinitis, two thirds had abscesses and one third had cysts . Aspiration provided not only relief but also material for bacteriologic culture . Ninety-five percent of the abscesses, half of them caused by gonorrhea, could be treated with penicillin and metronidazole . Cysts were not treated with chemotherapy . Cure rate was 85%. Urology, 1985 Jul, 26(1 Suppl), 27 - 33 Prevention and treatment of postoperative infection; Harrison LH et al.; Strategies for the prevention, early recognition, and management of postoperative infections in urologic patients are described . It is suggested that clinicians consider the extent of the patient's exposure to hospital pathogens as well as the hospital's unique bacteriology when devising antibiotic strategies for postoperative infections. Acta Leprol, 1985 Jul-Sep, 3(3), 239 - 48 {Integration of leprosy polychemotherapy into general health services}; Daumerie D et al.; The actual control of leprosy must conciliate difficulties of multidrug therapy (MDT) application and integration of general health services . The getting up of multidrug therapy needs a logistic with clinical and bacteriological track off, patient categorisation, supervision of treatment, follow up of the drug compliance and control of the disease evolution . The management of such system must be perfectly mastered in order to avoid the uncontroled circulation of rifampicine . Solutions are proposed in order to increase specialized teams efficiency and integration of non specialized officers incumbent tasks. Radiologe, 1985 Jul, 25(7), 291 - 8 {Spondylitis--spondylodiscitis . Pathologico-anatomical morphology and diagnostic problems}; Adler CP; Inflammatory disorders of the spine usually develop in the medullary space of the vertebral bodies, and this clinical picture is identified as spondylitis . If the inflammation involves the intervertebral disk as well as adjacent vertebrae, this lesion is defined as spondylodiscitis . Spondylitis may be brought about by several causes which should be diagnostically clearly defined in order to introduce a suitable therapy . In many cases, no conclusions can be drawn from the radiological structures alone with respect to the underlying disease, an additional biopsy investigation (e.g., by a needle puncture) is therefore required . Most infections conditions of spondylitis represent histologically either an acute, purulent or a chronic, unspecific osteomyelitis . The causative germs are determined by simultaneous bacteriological investigation . The biopsy material of specific spondylitis shows typical histological granulomas which, together with the bacteriological findings, will allow a precise diagnosis to be established . Both spondylitis and spondylodiscitis may also be produced by fungi that can be histologically identified . Parasites (e.g., Echinococci) may also be recognized histologically . In spondylitis of unknown etiology the histological structures do not have a pathognomonic appearance, and therefore clinical and radiological findings should be included in the diagnosis . Diagnostic problems will only be solved by considering a synthesis of all findings. Nord Vet Med, 1985 Jul-Aug, 37(4), 228 - 33 A field trial evaluating the use of cefoperazone in the treatment of bovine clinical mastitis; Holmgren N et al.; A field trial was designed to investigate the efficacy of a single intramammary infusion of cefoperazone in the treatment of clinical bovine mastitis . 110 cases of naturally occurring mastitis were treated and the clinical and bacteriological cure rates at day 14 after treatment were recorded. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd, 1985 Jul, 133(7), 483 - 6 {Bacterial growth in breast milk under various storage conditions}; Knoop U et al.; To find the best temperature for storing human breast milk in the first test series, bacterial growth was determined and recorded at refrigerator temperatures of 8 to 10 degrees C and at 4 degrees C respectively . During a 3-day observation period, there was a slight decrease in bacterial count (b.c.) at higher temperature whereas the b.c . decrease at the lower temperature was more significant . In another test 72 samples of milk were kept for one month at a temperature of -20 degrees C; the b.c . observed after thawing was substantially smaller than that recorded before freezing . Pasteurized milk samples were found sterile with the method we used (in 0.1 ml) . In a third test a measured quantity of specific bacteria was added to the milk samples which were first deep-frozen, thereafter pasteurized and finally stored in a refrigerator for 3 days at 4 degrees C . During this process, a decrease was observed in all the bacteria involved . In our opinion, breast milk is best stored at a constant temperature of 4 degrees C . Pasteurization and freezing are also recommended from a bacteriological point of view. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 1985 Jul, 15(4), 827 - 34 Surgery in hematopoietic tumors; Brown NO; The role of surgery in the diagnosis of hematopoietic malignancies is undisputed . Many techniques to procure and examine representative tissue samples are recognized in identifying dogs and cats with these diseases . More sophisticated cytologic techniques not yet readily available would be helpful in implementing appropriate diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches . Surgery has a limited role in the management of primary disease . The greatest limitation to surgical intervention is the systemic nature of most hematopoietic malignancies . Other limitations that can more realistically be overcome include early recognition of patients with extranodal lymphomas in Stage I disease, the increased use of surgery and radiation as adjunctive therapies for patients with regional disease, a more aggressive approach to the treatment of disease complications, and the implementation of promising experimental therapies in clinical patients of the future . The surgeon treating dogs and cats with hematopoietic malignancies must, as always, practice accepted principles of bacteriologic and oncologic asepsis and await further advances in veterinary medicine to integrate this discipline more completely with other modalities of therapy. Radiologe, 1985 Jul, 25(7), 329 - 38 {X-ray guided punch biopsy of the spinal column}; Rau WS; Roentgenographically visible lesions of the skeleton are subjects for microscopy if the nature of the lesion is uncertain . In particular, the vertebral column, as it lies so deeply, needs a major surgical intervention if an excision has to be performed . The radiologically guided trephine biopsy, in contrast, is a great simplification for the patient . Using the Jamshidi-needle, 57 bone biopsies were performed . In 53 cases a reliable pathologic diagnosis was obtained by microscopy . Bacteriology, however, was positive in only 5 out of 23 cases with spondylitis or spondylodiscitis . No complications were observed. Indian J Lepr, 1985 Jul-Sep, 57(3), 483 - 90 Multi-drug therapy in bacilliferous leprosy--two years experience; Kaur S et al.; The data of thirty patients who completed two years of multi-drug therapy (MDT) is analysed in regard to clinical improvement, occurrence of reactions, bacteriological response and compliance to therapy. Schweiz Med Wochenschr, 1985 Jun 29, 115(26), 903 - 6 {Bacteriological safety of enteral nutrition with continuous delivery}; Bengoa JM et al.; Enteral nutrition can be administered as bolus feedings or by pump-assisted continuous drip . We have compared these two techniques in regard to bacterial contamination of nutritional solutions for given periods of administration set utilisation . A total of 103 patients were treated for 3 months . Bacterial contamination of nutritional solutions was important, but clinical complications, particularly diarrhea, were seen only in 11% . In several cases osmotic diarrhea was produced by too rapid administration . Factors associated with a high level of bacterial growth included utilisation time of administration sets, hanging time of feeding formula, and, mainly, maintenance of the connection between the administration set and the nasogastric tube during pump-assisted continuous drip . Retrograde colonisation of the nasogastric feeding tube is likely in view of the bacterial flora identified . The absence of relationship between microbial contamination of nutritional solutions and infectious diarrhea, as demonstrated in this study, is indicative of the appropriate bacterial safety of continuous drip or bolus enteral nutrition. Jpn J Antibiot, 1985 Jun, 38(6), 1533 - 51 {Clinical evaluation of sisomicin following intravenous drip infusion in respiratory tract infections}; Nagahama F et al.; The efficacy, safety and utility of sisomicin (SISO) followed intravenous infusion were evaluated in 35 cases with various respiratory infections . For many cases, SISO was given at a daily dosage of 100 mg, and a single dose was infused over about 1 hour . Clinical efficacy was evaluable in 28 cases including pneumonia (14 cases), bronchitis (8 cases), bronchiectasis (4 cases), pulmonary suppuration (1 case) and pulmonary abscess plus pyothorax (1 case) . Almost cases had diagnosis of serious infection associated with various diseases . Clinical efficacy was evaluated as "excellent" in 2 cases, "good" in 15 cases, "fair" in 5 cases and "poor" in 6 cases, and efficacy rate in total case was 60.7% . Efficacy rate stratified by disease was calculated as 57.1% in pneumonia, 87.5% in bronchitis, 50.0% in bronchiectasis . Responses against pulmonary suppuration or pulmonary abscess with pyothorax were little or not . Bacteriologically, organisms isolated from sputum cleared in 7 out of 15 evaluable cases, thus the responses rate was 46.7% . Adverse reaction probably due to treatment observed in 2 cases with hepatic dysfunction . Blood levels of SISO at the end of infusion were ranged from 2.1 to 6.4 micrograms/ml, and no tendency of accumulation in blood after repeated infusion was showed. J Radiol, 1985 Jun-Jul, 66(6-7), 451 - 7 {Percutaneous bone puncture biopsy with trocar . Apropos of 60 cases}; de Cassin P et al.; Deep bone biopsies were performed in 58 patients over the last 2 years, in a radiology department in Tours, France, under television screen control . Data obtained included pathologic, cytologic and bacteriologic features in the 60 biopsies conducted, localization being the spine in 52 cases (12 dorsal, 36 lumbar, 4 sacroiliac) and the pelvis 8 times . Etiology was a tumoral process in 15 cases (14 metastases and 1 reticulosarcoma), 7 infectious processes including 2 cases of tuberculosis, 26 cases of decalcifying degenerative osteopathies, 1 Paget's disease, 1 ankylosing spondylitis and 1 bone infarct . Biopsy was unsuccessful in 9 cases, the success rate being an overall 85% . Complications were not observed . Conducted under local anesthesia, deep bone biopsy provides a rapid diagnosis and allows a shortened hospital stay . Surgery is generally avoided and appropriate treatment instituted more rapidly. Rev Fr Transfus Immunohematol, 1985 Jun, 28(3), 215 - 26 {Comparison of two skin antiseptics in blood transfusion . Comparison with the results of the bacteriologic control of labile blood products}; Huttmann R et al.; The comparison of two skin antiseptics (70 degrees alcohol and 0,5% alcoholic chlorhexidine solution) was carried out by the method of in vivo impressions . The study used 45 healthy volonteers from whom a bacteriological sample was taken from both bends of the elbow, without use of an antiseptic, and after the application of one according to usual sample taking methods . The subjects were divided into two sets according to the antiseptic being tested . The results of the cultures after 24 and 48 hours are expressed in the number of germs per cm2, which thus permits us to calculate a reduction in percentage or log 10 form, and to appreciate the efficiency of the antiseptic studied . Routine bacteriological inspection of labile blood products was carried out on products picked at random every week during 18 months of exclusive use of 70 degrees alcohol by the sample taking services . The results show a comparable in vivo effectiveness of the two antiseptics on the superficial aerobic flora of the bend of the elbow, and the ease of use of 70 degrees alcohol has led to its choice . This choice is confronted with the results of the inspection of blood products: out of 1 293 inspections, only one slight contamination (cocci gram+) was found on a unit of whole blood . These data as a whole can be compared with the work of various authors. Chemioterapia, 1985 Jun, 4(3), 218 - 21 Double-blind randomized comparative trial: ornidazole (Tiberal) versus tinidazole (Fasigin) for the treatment of non-specific vaginitis; Sanz Sanz F et al.; In a double-blind, randomized trial 60 patients with demonstrated bacteriological and clinical non-specific vaginitis were treated with tinidazole versus ornidazole . Thirty patients received tinidazole 2 g daily taken orally in two separate doses for two consecutive days . Twenty-three patients (76%) were cured, 3 patients (10%) relapsed and 4 patients were therapeutic failures . Thirty patients received ornidazole with the same regimen . Twenty-eight patients (93%) were cured, 1 patient (3.3%) relapsed and 1 patient had intolerance to the medication. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 1985 Jun, 53(2), 198 - 200 Effect of levamisole on bacterial index in BL and LL leprosy; Bera DK et al.; A 150 mg levamisole tablet once in every fortnight along with specific antileprosy drugs were administered to ten patients each in BL and LL groups of leprosy . A similar number of patients in each group receiving only specific antileprosy treatment served as controls . After 11/2 years of study a more significant improvement was noted in the bacteriological status in the levamisole-treated group . Thus, levamisole can be used as an effective adjunct for quicker recovery in lepromatous patients. Gastroenterol Clin Biol, 1985 Jun-Jul, 9(6-7), 472 - 9 {Bacteriological, parasitological and virological study of the digestive flora in alpha-chain disease}; Harzic M et al.; Intestinal flora was explored in twelve patients affected with alpha-chain disease at different stages (stage A: 2 cases; stage B: 6 cases; stage C: 4 cases) . Bacterial overgrowth in the jejunum was observed in 11 cases, but intestinal flora was diverse and no one species was always present; although a 3-month oral antibiotic treatment induced complete remission in one patient (stage A) it was not possible to demonstrate any pathogenic bacterial species . Intestinal lambliasis was present in 40 p . 100 of cases . Virologic studies were negative . At stages A and B of the disease, antibiotic treatment was able to improve malabsorption and/or plasma protein digestive losses in 62 p . 100 of cases; this effect seemed related to the reduction of the bacterial flora and to giardiasis eradication. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1985 Jun, (6), 40 - 4 {Results of the comparative use of virological and bacteriological control of routine disinfection in maternity homes}; Levi MI et al.; Bacterial viruses were often detected in washings from different environmental objects; not infrequently, the inoculation of washings from the same objects resulted in the growth of Escherichia coli . The expediency of making parallel tests of washings from these objects for the presence of wild strains of bacterial and viral cultures both during the control of disinfection measures and the determination of the effectiveness of disinfection agents is shown. J Hosp Infect, 1985 Jun, 6(2), 209 - 17 Quantitative bacteriology of peripheral venous cannulae in neonates; Wilkins EG et al.; In a study of 50 peripheral venous cannulae removed from neonates in the special care baby unit, quantitative and qualitative techniques for cannula culture were compared and the results correlated with detailed clinical information . High-density colonization was demonstrated on the external and internal surfaces of nine, and on the external surface alone of four, cannula tips . Internal surface colonization was always associated with heavy external surface growth . In predicting high-density colonization by quantitative methods, qualitative culture in broth was 100% sensitive and 89% specific . There was a significant association between high-density colonization of the cannula tip and hub colonization, surrounding skin colonization, longer duration of cannula insertion, and slower average infusion rate . Similar organisms were isolated more frequently from the cannula tip and the hub than from the cannula tip and surrounding skin . These findings indicate that peripheral venous cannulae are a potential source of infection in neonates, that there is no advantage of techniques that identify internal surface colonization, and that most cannula tip infections have their origin in a colonized hub. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 1985 Jun, 53(2), 189 - 97 Relapse rate and incidence of dapsone resistance in lepromatous leprosy patients in Addis Ababa: risk factors and effect of short-term supplementary treatment; Warndorff van Diepen T et al.; A clinical trial was initiated at ALERT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to study the effect of one-year supplementary treatment on the incidence of dapsone-resistant leprosy in lepromatous patients already on dapsone monotherapy . A total of 806 patients on dapsone therapy were assigned to one of four groups . The first group served as a control group, the second received a combination tablet of thiacetazone and INH (Thiazina) daily for 12 months, the third group received Thiazina daily for 12 months plus rifampin daily during months 1 and 7, and the fourth group received rifampin daily during months 1 and 7 but no Thiazina . Eighty-three percent of the patients were followed for five years after discontinuation of the supplementary treatment . The annual incidence of relapses and dapsone-resistant leprosy in the control group appeared to be 2.3% and 0.7%, respectively . The Thiazina treatment had no significant effect on either the overall relapse rate or the incidence of dapsone-resistant leprosy . The rifampin treatment, on the other hand, did significantly lower the relapse rate and only a single case of dapsone resistance was detected . A high incidence of relapse was found in young female patients . Nineteen of the 45 relapsed patients were bacteriologically negative at the start of the supplementary treatment and six had already been negative for over five years. Br J Dermatol, 1985 May, 112(5), 603 - 6 Actinic superficial folliculitis; a new entity? Nieboer C. This paper describes two patients who developed an extensive superficial pustular folliculitis on the upper part of the breast, back, shoulders and lateral sides of the upper arms, starting within 24-36 h after exposure to sunlight . Bacteriological, immunohistopathological and photo-experimental investigations failed to reveal a cause for this sunlight-induced dermatosis, which seems not to have been hitherto described. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1985 May, 49(5), 1304 - 6 Some goodness-of-fit methods for the Poisson plus added zeros distribution; el-Shaarawi AH; Methods for making inferences about the Poisson plus added zeros distribution and the truncated Poisson distribution are presented and illustrated with bacteriological data . Some of the methods are designed for testing the compatibility of the zero frequency with the Poisson distribution, whereas others are given for testing the goodness of fit for the truncated Poisson . In particular, a modified form of the Fisher index of dispersion is presented which is suitable for the truncated case . It is shown that the use of the usual expression of the index of dispersion for testing the adequacy of the truncated Poisson is not correct and leads to accepting inadequate fits more frequently than expected on the basis of test of significance . Furthermore, three test statistics are presented for testing the compatability of the zero frequency with the Poisson distribution . The results of the simulation show that two test statistics, one due to Cochran (W . G . Cochran, Biometrics 10:417-451, 1954) and the other to Rao and Chakravarti (C . R . Rao and I . M . Chakravarti, Biometrics 12:264-282, 1956), are preferable to those from the likelihood ratio test. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 1985 May, 67(3), 149 - 51 Changing knives a wasteful and unnecessary ritual; Hill R et al.; The use of two knives for making a surgical incision is a deeply ingrained practice of British surgery and a postal survey of the theatre superintendents in the South-West Thames Region revealed that out of 143 surgeons all but one use this technique . Therefore we undertook a bacteriological study of the knife blades used on a general surgical unit . This showed that under normal conditions pathogenic organisms do not contaminate the knife blade and are not carried into the wound by it . The use of only one knife to make an incision does not increase the incidence of wound infection . A survey of the world literature confirms these findings . The wasteful and unnecessary ritual of using two knives to make an incision through normal skin has no theoretical, scientific or clinical basis and can be discontinued. Am J Surg, 1985 May, 149(5), 668 - 71 Effects of sphincteroplasty and endoscopic sphincterotomy on the bacteriologic characteristics of the common bile duct; Gregg JA et al.; Forty-five patients with sphincter of Oddi stenosis had specimens of common bile duct cultured during ERCP before either sphincteroplasty or endoscopic sphincterotomy . All had sterile bile before sphincter ablation . Bile was recultured 6 to 36 months later during endoscopy at which time 70 percent of the sphincterotomy and 76 percent of the sphincteroplasty patients had bile colonized principally by enteric organisms . Growth was heavy to moderate in most of the patients and contained few nasopharyngeal organisms . Despite bactobilia, no patient had symptomatic cholangitis, presumably due to excellent drainage of bile . The most likely source of the bactobilia is from direct extension of duodenal organisms into the common bile duct. Infect Immun, 1985 May, 48(2), 507 - 19 Comparative bacteriology of juvenile periodontitis; Moore WE et al.; Statistical comparisons of the floras associated with juvenile periodontitis, severe periodontitis, and moderate periodontitis indicated that differences in the bacterial compositions of affected sites in these populations were not statistically significant . The subgingival flora of affected juvenile periodontitis sites was statistically significantly different from the adjacent supragingival flora and from the subgingival floras of people with healthy gingiva and of children with developing (experimental) gingivitis . However, the subgingival flora of affected juvenile periodontitis sites was not significantly different from the flora of sites with gingival index scores of 1 or 2 in adults with developing (experimental) gingivitis . Of 357 bacterial taxa among over 18,000 isolates, 54 non-treponemal species, 2 treponemal species, and mycoplasma were most associated with diseased periodontal sulci . These species comprised an increasing proportion of the flora during developing gingivitis and constituted over half of the cultivable flora of diseased sites. Anaesthesist, 1985 May, 34(5), 247 - 51 {Hygienic relations and stability of drugs in peridural long-term infusion with implanted or external pumps}; Muller H et al.; Implantable devices (implanted pump/implanted catheter and port) are recommended for continuous epidural application of opiates or local anaesthetics in order to reduce hygienic problems during long term epidural medication . No signs of contamination could be found during bacteriologic culture of residual volumes of 30 patients treated with epidural drug delivery systems and of samples collected during an in vitro investigation (incubation of filled external pump systems at body temperature/storage of syringes with a premixed solution of opiate and local anaesthetic for repeated epidural bolus application) . As demonstrated in a case report prophylactic antibiotic coverage prior to implantation may be necessary in patients with a preexisting susceptibility to infection . The concentrations of morphine (radioimmuno-assay) and of bupivacaine (gas-solid chromatography) within the reservoir were stable during clinical therapy as well as during the in vitro experiments. Jpn J Antibiot, 1985 May, 38(5), 1368 - 88 {Clinical evaluation of the TMS-19-Q.GC tablet in acute tonsillitis . A comparative double blind study with josamycin}; Baba S et al.; In order to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of TMS-19-Q.GC tablet (TMS) with josamycin tablet (JM) in acute tonsillitis, the double blind trial was carried out with the daily dosage of 200 mg X 3 in TMS and 400 mg X 3 in JM . Number of cases evaluated for clinical efficacy were 154 cases (73 treated with TMS and 81 treated with JM) . The effective rating of TMS and JM were 89.0% and 88.9% judged by doctors in charge, and 82.2% and 85.2% judged by committee respectively . Bacteriological effects were satisfactory to yield the eradication rates of 93.8% in TMS and 94.7% in JM . Number of cases evaluated for safety were 199 cases (101 treated with TMS and 98 treated with JM) . The incidence of side effect was 4.0% (4/101) in TMS and 5.1% (5/98) in JM and most of them were mild gastro-intestinal disorders . Number of cases evaluated for utility were 156 cases (74 treated with TMS and 82 treated with JM) . The usefulness rates were 85.1% in TMS and 86.6% in JM . There was no significant difference between TMS and JM, in clinical effect, bacteriological effect, safety and utility . From these results, daily 600 mg dosage of TMS was as useful as daily 1,200 mg dosage of JM in the treatment for acute tonsillitis. Pathol Biol (Paris), 1985 May, 33(5), 444 - 9 {Activity of thiamphenicol in the early stage of syphilis}; Poitevin M et al.; Possible activity of thiamphenicol on Treponema pallidum during single-dose treatment of gonococcal infection with 10 tablets of 0.250 mg each was investigated using a new, more accurate method . We found that, under the conditions of our study, thiamphenicol fails to kill T . pallidum, exhibiting only incomplete activity . Thus, thiamphenicol taken during incubation of syphilis may delay or inhibit the emergence of primary manifestations but fails to achieve bacteriologic sterilization of T . pallidum acquired concomitantly with gonococcus . Clinical and serologic evidence of syphilis should therefore be looked for routinely three and six months after treatment. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1985 May, 131(5), 727 - 31 Controlled clinical trial of two 6-month regimens of chemotherapy in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis . Tanzania/British Medical Research Council Study; Pathology of cloacal bursae of gnotobiotic turkeys orally inoculated with Escherichia coli; Cloacal bursae from three-week-old gnotobiotic turkeys were examined by light and electron microscopy and bacteriologic techniques at 1, 2, 5, 8, 12, and 16 days after oral inoculation of highly virulent (group 1) and weakly virulent (group 2) Escherichia coli . In both groups a significant decrease in follicular volume and increase in interstitial volume were associated with infection . Follicular cortical, follicular medullary and total follicular transectional areas increased with time in inoculated and control turkeys . In group 1, granulocytic inflammation developed in bursae on day 1 and diminished by day 8 after inoculation . Microabscesses were present on days 5 and 8 after inoculation in less than 1% of follicles . Bacteria were seen in few follicular medullae on days 5 and 8 after inoculation; bacteremia was detected on days 1, 2, and 5 after inoculation . In group 2, pyogranulomatous bursitis was first seen at five days after inoculation and became progressively more severe with time . Follicular alterations in group 2 included abscessation, lymphocyte necrosis, reticuloepithelial hyperplasia and perifollicular fibroplasia . Ultrastructurally, follicular pads had degenerate and necrotic epithelial cells, intercellular edema, and cystic spaces that contained acidic mucosubstances and laminar deposits of calcium salts . Bacteria were seen within necrotic centers of follicular abscesses, in phagosomes of macrophages and multinucleate giant cells and within extracellular spaces of follicular pads and follicular medullae from day 5 to day 16 after inoculation; no bacteremia was detected . We conclude that E . coli passes through the bursal follicle-associated epithelium and replicates within follicular medullae, that extensive follicular necrosis is associated with persistence of E . coli in follicular medullae, and that E . coli of low virulence may cause severe pyogranulomatous bursitis in young turkeys without causing the respiratory or systemic diseases which are commonly associated with organisms of high virulence. Br J Rheumatol, 1985 May, 24(2), 191 - 3 Synovial rupture complicating Brucella arthritis; Laajam MA; A patient with Brucella arthritis presented as 'pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome', with rupture of knee synovial membrane into the calf . Bacteriological identification of the same organism from the patient's blood, knee effusion and calf-swelling aspirate suggested the diagnosis, and ultrasonography of the calf swelling gave supportive evidence . Synovial rupture into the calf in infective arthritis is a rare occurrence and this has not been reported previously in Brucella arthritis. Clin Nucl Med, 1985 May, 10(5), 330 - 2 Gallium-67 citrate whole body scanning for the localization of infected vascular synthetic grafts; Thivolle P et al.; Ga-67 (3 mCi) was used in 11 patients to diagnose and locate an eventual infection of their synthetic vascular prostheses . In seven cases, an area of gallium uptake was found and the infection confirmed by surgery and bacteriology . In the remaining four cases, no uptake of gallium was found and the absence of infection was confirmed. J Invest Dermatol, 1985 May, 84(5), 378 - 83 Fibronectin, as well as other extracellular matrix proteins, mediate human keratinocyte adherence; Clark RA et al.; During the reepithelialization of cutaneous wounds, the migratory epidermis transits over a provisional matrix of fibronectin and fibrin in the absence of laminin and type IV collagen as well as ultrastructurally identifiable basement membrane . Since significant quantities of fibronectin occur at these sites of reepithelialization, we surmised that fibronectin is a suitable substrate for keratinocyte adherence and therefore undertook the in vitro investigations reported here . Purified human plasma fibronectin precoated on bacteriologic microtiter wells was demonstrated to mediate human keratinocyte adherence when concentrations greater than 10 micrograms/ml fibronectin were used . Maximal keratinocyte adherence was obtained in wells precoated with 100 micrograms/ml fibronectin and when cells were incubated with substrate for 60 min or longer at 37 degrees C . Both primary and second-passaged human keratinocytes adhered as well or better to fibronectin than to types I and III collagen, laminin, or type IV collagen under both high- and low-Ca++ culture conditions . However maximal adherence to all substrates occurred when second-passaged keratinocytes were assayed in low-Ca++ medium . Under these latter culture conditions, keratinocyte phenotype resembles the phenotype of cells in the migrating epidermis . To determine specificity of these adherence reactions, antifibronectin antibodies were shown to block keratinocyte adherence to fibronectin but not to laminin substrates . Conversely, antilaminin antibodies blocked adherence to laminin but not fibronectin substrates . Thus, human keratinocytes demonstrate specific adherence to fibronectin in a time- and dose-dependent fashion and this adherence relies on de novo protein synthesis . We take these observations to support our hypothesis that the provisional fibronectin matrix observed beneath the migrating epithelium during tissue repair plays a functional role in the reepithelialization process. Am J Otolaryngol, 1985 May-Jun, 6(3), 191 - 5 New perspectives in the direct microscopic examination of middle ear effusions; Van Cauwenberge P et al.; Detection and identification of bacteria in middle ear effusions from patients with otitis media with effusion requires sensitive bacteriologic techniques . Direct microscopic examination is very important in this respect . Three staining methods--Gram, Giemsa and the fluorescent acridine orange stain--were evaluated and compared by examining 112 middle ear effusions . Purulent effusions showed more bacteria than mucoid, and mucoid effusions showed more bacteria than serous in the direct microscopic examination of the smears . Acridine orange stain proved superior in detecting bacteria compared with Gram and Giemsa stains and distinguished dead from living bacteria . It is even more sensitive in this way than aerobic and anaerobic cultures . Giemsa stain was superior in the identification of inflammatory cells . Acridine orange and Giemsa stains are recommended in the bacteriocytologic examination of middle ear effusions; Gram stain may provide additional information. S Afr Med J, 1985 Apr 13, 67(15), 588 - 90 Bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in childhood . Clinical and radiological features; Donald PR et al.; Over a 4-year period 185 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in children were confirmed by culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually from gastric aspirate . The majority of cases occurred in boys (62%) and the younger age groups were more commonly affected--26% of patients were less than 1 year old and 65% less than 3 years of age . At the time of presentation 40% of the 151 children tested had a negative tuberculin test . A chest radiograph was available in 136 cases . The commonest changes seen were lymphadenopathy (63%) and segmental lesions (56%) . The latter affected mainly the right lung and in particular the right middle lobe . Cavitating tuberculous disease was present in 19 children, including 5 aged less than 1 year. Jpn J Antibiot, 1985 Apr, 38(4), 954 - 65 {Fundamental and clinical studies of cefpimizole in the field of obstetric and gynecologic infections}; Gorai I et al.; We made fundamental and clinical studies of a new cephalosporin derivative cefpimizole (AC-1370), and found the following . In 7 patients treated with AC-1370 for the fundamental study of the drug, the blood level of the drug in the uterine artery scarcely differed from that in the elbow vein, and it decreased steadily with time . It remained to be 6.5 approximately 7.0 micrograms/ml 5 hours after intravenous injection of 1 g of the drug . The tissue-serum concentration ratio of the drug was 122 approximately 58% in the portio vaginalis where the drug was transferred at the highest level, and 56 approximately 114% in the oviduct where it was transferred at the lowest level; the mean level was 61.5% . The responses to AC-1370 of 10 patients with genital infections were excellent in 1, good in 8 and poor in the other, with a response rate of 90% . Bacteriologically, pathogens were eradicated in 3, decreased in 2, and the response was unknown in the other 5 . No side effects or abnormal laboratory findings were noted except for leukopenia in 1 patient. Jpn J Antibiot, 1985 Apr, 38(4), 940 - 53 {Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpimizole in the field of obstetrics and gynecology}; Obata I et al.; Cefpimizole (AC-1370) was studied for its transference into adnexa uteri and uterine tissues as well as for its effects and safety on gynecological infections . The results obtained are as follows: Peak levels of AC-1370 were obtained in the antecubital vein and uterine artery at 10 minutes, in the tissues of adnexa uteri and uteri about 30 minutes after one shot intravenous injection of AC-1370 1 g, and relatively high concentrations were maintained for several hours . In the treatment of 30 cases of gynecological infections, the clinical efficacy of AC-1370 was assessed as effective in all cases . As for the bacteriological effects of AC-1370, 77.6% of isolated organisms were eradicated and 90% of all cases were effective . Side effects and abnormal laboratory findings due to AC-1370 were not observed during and after administration. Jpn J Antibiot, 1985 Apr, 38(4), 1001 - 10 {Fundamental and clinical studies of cefpimizole in obstetrics and gynecology}; Ishii Y et al.; The findings from recent fundamental and clinical studies of the efficacy of cefpimizole (AC-1370) in obstetrics and gynecology are reported in this paper . The AC-1370 concentrations in genital tissues sampled 30 to 56 minutes (a mean of 41.4 minutes) after intravenous injection of 1 g of the drug were 14 to 76 micrograms/g (a mean of 32.4 micrograms/g) . The mean transfer ratios of the drug into the genital tissues to the concentration in the uterine arterial blood were such that the transfer ratio into the portio vaginalis was the highest, followed by the uterine cervix and the myometrium, and that into the oviduct was the lowest with about 1/2 that into the portio vaginalis . The concentration in the antecubital venous blood and that in the uterine arterial blood remained similar for all patients . The transfer of AC-1370 into the pelvic dead space exudate reached a peak (49.5 micrograms/ml) 1 hour, and also a peak (49.8 micrograms/ml) 2 hours after the intravenous injection . It then decreased gradually, but remained high, being higher than that in the antecubital venous blood about 50 minutes after the intravenous injection . Ten patients with infections in gynecology were treated with 1.0 to 4.0 g daily of AC-1370, to a total dose of 6 to 52 g, over a period of 3 to 13 days . One of them showed excellent response, 8 showed moderate response, and another showed poor response to the treatment: in other words, a response rate of 90% was achieved . Bacteriologically, pathogens were eradicated from 3 and decreased in 3, and microbial substitution occurred in another patient . No side effects of the drug were observed except for eruption in 1 patient . None of the 10 patients showed any abnormalities in laboratory findings . From the present fundamental and clinical studies of AC-1370, we have drawn the conclusion that the drug is one of extremely useful antibiotics in the treatment of infections in obstetrics and gynecology. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1985 Apr, 27(4), 508 - 10 Comparative study of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cephalexin in the treatment of bacteriuria during pregnancy; Pedler SJ et al.; A comparative clinical trial of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cephalexin was carried out in 80 women with bacteriuria of pregnancy . Treatment was randomly allocated and consisted of either one tablet of amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (250 and 125 mg, respectively) three times daily or cephalexin (250 mg) three times daily for 7 days . Overall bacteriological cure rates at 2 weeks were 77% in the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid group and 74% in the cephalexin group . At 6 weeks the respective rates were 76 and 60% . Twenty-five episodes of infection were with ampicillin-resistant strains; cure rates were 82% (2 weeks) and 80% (6 weeks) in the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid group and 85 and 64%, respectively, in the cephalexin group . Differences in cure rates were not statistically significant . No significant difference in the rate of side effects was found . In particular, no toxicity to the fetus was seen which could be ascribed to either drug . Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid would appear to be a safe and effective treatment for bacteriuria of pregnancy. Sci Total Environ, 1985 Apr, 42(3), 289 - 303 The use of historical data for estimating the number of samples required for monitoring drinking water; el-Shaarawi AH et al.; Statistical techniques are described for estimating the number of samples required to monitor the quality of drinking water when the dispersion of bacteria in the water can be modeled by the Poisson or the negative binomial distributions . The concept of the operating characteristic (OC) curve of the water distribution system is presented and is used to evaluate the risk of declaring that the bacteriological water quality regulation is met when only a small portion of the water is analyzed . Assuming that the regulation requires that the monthly mean bacterial counts for samples of standard volume are to be less than one per ml, the OC curves are compared for different sample sizes and for different values of the parameters of the negative binomial . The results indicate that the correct specification of the model is very important in evaluating the risk of sampling (i.e . making the wrong decision) . Total bacterial counts based on 1-ml samples, from the cities of Nancy and Metz in France, support the use of the negative binomial as a model for the dispersion of bacteria in drinking water . In the few cases where the negative binomial did not fit the data, the lack of fit can be attributed to the greater occurrence of the frequency of finding only one bacterium in the sample than that expected for the negative binomial . The OC curve indicated that the present monitoring strategy for the city of Nancy is adequate for monitoring the water quality if (i) the regulation requires that the monthly mean of total bacterial counts should not exceed one bacterium per ml, and (ii) the probability of accepting that the water quality is meeting the regulation, when the true mean number of bacteria per ml is two, should not be larger than 0.05 . On the other hand, the city of Metz data indicated that it is necessary to increase the intensity of sampling both in time and space in order to achieve the same level of adequacy as that of the city of Nancy. Am J Vet Res, 1985 Apr, 46(4), 902 - 4 Characterization of Brucella abortus strain 19 isolated from human and bovine tissues and fluids; Meyer ME; One hundred isolates of Brucella abortus, which were recovered from bovine and human tissues or fluids, were identified as strain 19 by conventional bacteriologic methods . Each isolate was examined using a Warburg respirometer to determine oxidative rates on substrates of D- and L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, d(+)-galactose, D-ribose, and i-erythritol . These results were compared with those of repository (seed) cultures of strain 19 used for making antigens and vaccines . Except on the substrate of i-erythritol, each of the 100 isolates oxidized these substrates with rates different from the repository cultures and indistinguishable from those of field strains of B abortus . Thus, oxidatively, i-erythritol was the only substrate useful to help distinguish between strain 19 and virulent strains of B abortus biotype 1. Indian J Lepr, 1985 Apr-Jun, 57(2), 376 - 82 Prevalence of drug resistance in Dharmapuri and A . Pallipatti areas of Tamil Nadu; Sreevatsa et al.; An evaluation of leprosy control project was undertaken in Dharmapuri and A . Pallipatti areas of Tamil Nadu to study the prevalence rate of drug resistance among the leprosy patients . At the end of 5 years of assessment 266 patients were still found to be bacteriologically positive among whom 25 patients were suspected to be clinically dapsone resistant . By mouse foot pad technique the drug resistant prevalence rate was found to be 1.1 per cent in these two areas. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet, 1985 Apr, 80(5), 287 - 91 {Salpingitis in children before puberty . Apropos of 2 cases}; Souteyrand P et al.; Salpingitis is exceptional in pre-pubertal girls . The authors compare a case of histologically and bacteriologically well documented salpingitis in a 3 year old girl to another case in a pre-pubertal 14 year old girl and review the literature on the subject . Six other cases have been reported . The clinical presentation is very variable and, in the absence of ultrasonography or laparoscopy, laparotomy is required for both the diagnosis and the treatment. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1985 Apr, 49(4), 811 - 7 Fluorometric determination of the DNA concentration in municipal drinking water; McCoy WF et al.; DNA concentrations in municipal drinking water samples were measured by fluorometry, using Hoechst 33258 fluorochrome . The concentration, extraction, and detection methods used were adapted from existing techniques . The method is reproducible, fast, accurate, and simple . The amounts of DNA per cell for five different bacterial isolates obtained from drinking water samples were determined by measuring DNA concentration and total cell concentration (acridine orange epifluorescence direct cell counting) in stationary pure cultures . The relationship between DNA concentration and epifluorescence total direct cell concentration in 11 different drinking water samples was linear and positive; the amounts of DNA per cell in these samples did not differ significantly from the amounts in pure culture isolates . We found significant linear correlations between DNA concentration and colony-forming unit concentration, as well as between epifluorescence direct cell counts and colony-forming unit concentration . DNA concentration measurements of municipal drinking water samples appear to monitor changes in bacteriological quality at least as well as total heterotrophic plate counting and epifluorescence direct cell counting. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1985 Apr, 144(4), 787 - 92 Supplementary tissue-core histology from fine-needle transthoracic aspiration biopsy; Greene R et al.; Biopsies of 150 consecutive suspected lung cancers were performed with fine needles having circumferentially beveled tips that produced cytology and tiny tissue cores suitable for histology . Visible tissue cores were aspirated in 92% (n = 138) and histologic diagnoses were obtained in 72% (n = 108) . There were 118 (79%) proven malignant and 27 (18%) proven benign lesions . Sensitivity and specificity of cancer diagnoses were 97% and 100%, respectively . Biopsy histology was the only positive cancer specimen in two biopsies (1.7%) . Biopsy cytology was the only positive cancer specimen in 20 cases (17.2%) . Biopsy cytology and histology agreed with the proven cell type in 71.8% and 78.6% of cancers, respectively . As expected, when large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma was regarded as a nonspecific cell type consistent with either poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or poorly differentiated epidermoid carcinoma, biopsy-cell-type accuracy increased greatly . Specific benign diagnoses were obtained in 44% of the 27 biopsies of proven benign lesions: cytology (four), core histology (five), and bacteriology (nine) . Simple and complicated pneumothorax occurred in 10% and 4% of biopsies, respectively . It was concluded that biopsy with fine, circumferentially beveled needles can produce useful histology to supplement biopsy cytology. J Comp Pathol, 1985 Apr, 95(2), 137 - 49 Variable persistence of the contagious equine metritis organism in the genital tract of CBA/J, CBA/N, LAF1/J, BALB/c and congenitally thymus-deficient (nude) mice; Timoney PJ et al.; Five inbred strains of mice, CBA/J, CBA/N, LAF1, BALB/c and congenitally thymus-deficient nude mice of BALB/c background, varied considerably in their susceptibility to the contagious equine metritis organism (CEMO) . Whereas all the strains were virtually refractive to vaginal challenge, LAF1 and CBA/N mice were readily infected by intra-uterine inoculation . Based on infection rate and nature of the bacteriological response, CBA/N mice appeared the more susceptible of the 2 strains . Attempts to transmit CEMO to thymus-deficient nude mice were unsuccessful by both of these routes of challenge and by intraperitoneal inoculation, indicating that host resistance to the causal agent is independent of thymus-mediated immune phenomena . No clinical evidence of infection was observed in any of the experimentally infected mice . Although persistence of CEMO in the female reproductive tract varied widely, it could be isolated from some of the CBA/N mice for as long as 19 weeks after challenge by the intra-uterine route . The organism was cultured from the ovaries and/or oviducts of a high percentage of one group of CBA/N mice after 50 days, when it could no longer be recovered from the remainder of the genital tract . Limited attempts to achieve venereal transmission of CEMO between culture-positive female and companion male CBA/N mice were unsuccessful . The relative susceptibility of the CBA/N strain of mice to CEMO would suggest that host resistance to this infection is at least partly dependent on the presence of a fully functional B lymphocyte system . Further studies in this experimental model may elucidate some of the immunological mechanisms underlying development of resistance in the horse, more specifically as they relate to the occurrence of the carrier state in this disease. Vet Q, 1985 Apr, 7(2), 112 - 9 A chronic indurative mastitis in sheep, associated with maedi/visna virus infection; van der Molen EJ et al.; A possible association of a chronic indurative mastitis with mvv (maedi visna virus) infection in sheep was investigated . Sheep of four flocks (group A), in which insufficient lamb growth apparently associated with insufficient milk production and probably related to udder induration, was a serious problem, were clinically examined in mid-lactation . The results were compared with four mvv-free flocks (group B) without such complaints . The incidence of udder induration in group A (n = 263) was about eight times higher than in group B (n = 206): 63.1 versus 8.0% . The clinical picture differed essentially between the groups . In group A the udder abnormalities were of a diffuse and indurative nature, involving both udder halves, while in group B the udder lesions were mainly nodular and often limited to one udder half . Bacteriological examination revealed a difference in infection rate of the udders (6.8% in group A versus 14.1% in group B) . A substantial difference was observed in a comparison of the bacteriological infection rate of the clinically abnormal udders (5.4% in group A, versus 47.0% in group B) . Serological examination with an indirect ELISA revealed 81% seropositive sheep in group A, versus 0% in group B . Twelve sheep of group A and five of group B, called for reason of mastitis, were selected for pathological examination . The gross and microscopic lesions showed a pronounced difference between both groups . In group A a diffuse interstitial mastitis with slight to moderate fibrosis and a pronounced lymphoid hyperplasia was observed . In group B the mastitis had a nodular character, with a chronic galactophoritis, extensive fibrosis, and in some cases chronic abscesses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) J Gen Virol, 1985 Apr, 66 ( Pt 4), 777 - 86 The experimental infection of chickens with mixtures of infectious bronchitis virus and Escherichia coli; Smith HW et al.; By inoculating chickens intranasally with a collection of strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) of the Massachusetts serotype and of Escherichia coli of different serotypes, a pool of viral and bacterial strains was selected which, on inoculation, consistently produced a highly lethal disease closely resembling the natural disease produced by these two organisms . The conditions for reproducing the experimental disease were not rigorous in that, within broad limits, the size of the viral and bacterial inocula were not important; neither were the times at which both organisms were administered in relation to each other . The breed or strain of chicken used was important and the resistance of chickens to fatal infection increased with age . When the E . coli strains of the pool were inoculated intranasally without the IBV component, the chickens remained well; bacteriological examination of chickens inoculated with one of the E . coli strains, O18, revealed little evidence of invasion of the tissues or even of persistence of the inoculated E . coli strain in the upper respiratory tract . A minority of the IBV strains examined were lethal for chickens when inoculated without E . coli but many of them only produced a substantial mortality when the E . coli were included in the inoculum; IBV strains in this latter category included the vaccine strains H52 and H120 . High concentrations of IBV strain M41 and E . coli O18 persisted in the upper respiratory tract for a number of days after they had been inoculated together . Much lower concentrations of IBV M41 were found in the internal organs, such as the spleen; E . coli O18 was only found in these sites in some of the inoculated chickens . Coliform organisms proliferated in the upper respiratory tract of chickens inoculated with IBV alone; they were rarely found in their internal organs. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg {A}, 1985 Apr, 259(2), 188 - 93 {Time requirements for positive blood cultures with reference to different methods of determining bacteria in blood cultures}; Kuchler R; The time required for the first detection of bacteria in 926 blood-cultures has been evaluated for different methods . The microscopical examination of samples after staining with acridine-orange has been found to be a rapid and simple method, which may reduce in 88% of the samples the time required for the processing and thus increase the value of blood-cultures for the treatment of patients with bacteremia significantly . The results demonstrate that a rapid detection of bacteria in blood-cultures by chemical or microscopical methods is an indispensable part of the processing of blood-cultures, although it has been used only in few bacteriological laboratories until now. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 1985 Mar-Apr, 123(2), 245 - 9 {Results of scintigraphy with labeled leukocytes for the diagnosis of infectious hip prosthesis loosening}; Schmitt O et al.; The present paper reports on the results of a specific scintigraphic examination method for diagnosing infections in cases of loosening of hip prostheses by means of labeled granulocytes . In 103 patients the result of the examination was compared with the result of the bacteriological and/or histological investigation following removal or replacement of the implant . Where there was an infectious loosening of the prosthesis the findings were in agreement with the results of the scintigraphic examination in 83.1% of the cases . It was possible to rule out infectious loosening of the prosthesis in 93% of the cases thus investigated. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol, 1985 Mar, 23(3), 166 - 72 Physiopathological rationale and clinical aims of the use of a combination of cefuroxime and N-acetylcysteine in pneumology; Girbino G et al.; The trial population consisted of 50 patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchial disease processes . Forty patients were treated with an extempore combination of cefuroxime and N-acetylcysteine at the doses of 2 g and 600 mg/day respectively in two i.m . administrations . The other 10 patients were treated with N-acetylcysteine alone at the same dose . Respiratory tract clinical and instrumental parameters were investigated, and bacteriological tests were performed on sputum samples before and after treatment . Tolerance of the treatment was assessed on the basis of measurement of blood-chemistry parameters. Am J Surg, 1985 Mar, 149(3), 347 - 50 Does drainage of intraabdominal pus reverse multiple organ failure? Norton LW. Intraabdominal abscess induced multiple organ failure in 21 patients . Sepsis was most often due to perforation of the colon and was located with almost equal frequency in the upper and lower abdomen . Four patients died after single laparotomy for drainage . Seventeen were drained operatively more than once (average 3.4 operations) at mean intervals of 10 days . Sixteen of the 21 patients (76 percent) died with multiple organ failure despite drainage . Organ function improved temporarily in only one patient . Autopsy showed that pus had persisted or recurred in three patients . No significant predictors of survival were identified, although the advantage appears to lie with the younger patient in whom multiple organ failure develops relatively late after sepsis (mean 13 days) and who needs ventilatory assistance for less than 1 week . The location, size, and bacteriologic characteristics of abscesses do not appear to influence outcome . This study shows that early and repeated drainage of intraabdominal pus will not reverse multiple organ failure in the majority of patients. J Clin Pathol, 1985 Mar, 38(3), 341 - 4 Assessment of rapid methods of pneumococcal antigen detection in routine sputum bacteriology; Whitby M et al.; Sputum specimens from 480 patients were examined for the presence of pneumococci by Gram film and culture and for pneumococcal antigen by counterimmunoelectrophoresis, coagglutination, and latex agglutination . Ninety six positive specimens were detected . Gram film and culture provided the most reliable techniques in well taken specimens collected early in the illness before antibiotic treatment had started . More than 70% of the specimens examined were submitted after starting antibiotics, however, and in these specimens, methods of antigen detection proved of greater value than either Gram film or culture . Counterimmunoelectrophoresis, coagglutination, and latex agglutination were similar in sensitivity and specificity, but coagglutination and latex agglutination were much easier to perform and to read. Eur J Respir Dis, 1985 Mar, 66(3), 187 - 95 Efficacy of three mycobacterial antigens in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis; Kiran U et al.; Three different antigens were tested for detection of mycobacterial antibodies . The 3 antigens were mycobacterial saline extract (MSE), mycobacterial sonicate (MSO) and PPD . For detection, both the soluble antigen fluorescent antibody (SAFA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used . We used 88 serum samples (50 from clinically, radiologically and/or bacteriologically proven cases of tuberculosis, 8 from proven cases of leprosy and 30 from healthy controls) . With MSE antigen, both the tests were found to be highly sensitive and specific . MSO antigen was found to give better results in ELISA than in SAFA . The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA as well as SAFA test was reduced when PPD was used as an antigen . However, both ELISA and SAFA tests revealed that the mean antibody level in the patients with active tuberculosis was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls, irrespective of the antigen used. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1985 Mar, 67(3), 465 - 76 Comparison of indium-labeled-leukocyte imaging with sequential technetium-gallium scanning in the diagnosis of low-grade musculoskeletal sepsis . A prospective study; Merkel KD et al.; We prospectively compared sequential technetium-gallium imaging with indium-labeled-leukocyte imaging in fifty patients with suspected low-grade musculoskeletal sepsis . Adequate images and follow-up examinations were obtained for forty-two patients . The presence or absence of low-grade sepsis was confirmed by histological and bacteriological examinations of tissue specimens taken at surgery in thirty of the forty-two patients . In these thirty patients, the sensitivity of sequential Tc-Ga imaging was 48 per cent, the specificity was 86 per cent, and the accuracy was 57 per cent, whereas the sensitivity of the indium-labeled-leukocyte technique was 83 per cent, the specificity was 86 per cent, and the accuracy was 83 per cent . When the additional twelve patients for whom surgery was deemed unnecessary were considered, the sensitivity of sequential Tc-Ga imaging was 50 per cent, the specificity was 78 per cent, and the accuracy was 62 per cent, as compared with a sensitivity of 83 per cent, a specificity of 94 per cent, and an accuracy of 88 per cent with the indium-labeled-leukocyte method . In patients with a prosthesis the indium-labeled-leukocyte image was 94 per cent accurate, compared with 75 per cent accuracy for sequential Tc-Ga imaging . Statistical analysis of these data demonstrated that the indium-labeled-leukocyte technique was superior to sequential Tc-Ga imaging in detecting areas of low-grade musculoskeletal sepsis. Aust Vet J, 1985 Mar, 62(3), 91 - 3 Evaluation of an enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection in rams; Lee K et al.; A simple enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the serological diagnosis of Brucella ovis infections in rams . Serums from brucellosis accredited-free flocks and flocks known to be infected with B . ovis were tested and the results correlated with warm complement fixation (CF) test and bacteriological examination of semen . Both the ELISA and the CF test detected 0.5% false positive reactions in rams from clinically negative flocks . However the ELISA detected significantly more positive reactors in infected flocks and the CF test failed to detect some rams excreting B . ovis . The ELISA proved to be a valuable test in eradicating brucellosis from infected flocks. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 1985 Mar, 67(2), 116 - 8 Silastic foam dressing: an appraisal; Groves AR et al.; Silastic foam polymerised in situ has been investigated as an alternative to other means of securely dressing split thickness skin grafts on involuted sites . The bacteriological risks and physical hazards have been explored . From a series of 25 patients silastic foam appeared to offer an easier safer and more effective means of graft fixation in difficult areas. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1985 Mar, 144(3), 529 - 33 A newly recognized profile in neonatal lung disease with maternal diabetes; Duara S et al.; A radiographic pattern associated with respiratory distress, distinct from hyaline membrane disease and transient tachypnea of the newborn, is described in eight infants of diabetic mothers . The radiographic findings demonstrate a regional distribution of reticulogranular densities accompanied by increased lung volumes . Clinical features were gestationally mature infants in moderate respiratory distress with tachypnea, hypercapnia, and hypoxemia requiring supplemental oxygen, with steady improvement and uneventful recovery within 2 weeks . There was no bacteriologic evidence of infection or radiographic evidence of delayed lung fluid absorption . The mothers had mild diabetes . These features characterize a newly recognized entity in diabetes-related idiopathic lung disease of the newborn . Possible causative factors are discussed. Jpn J Antibiot, 1985 Mar, 38(3), 730 - 6 {Laboratory and clinical studies of cefminox in the pediatric field}; Nishimura T et al.; The authors have carried out the pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) . The results were as follows: CMNX was given by intravenous drip infusion for 1 hour at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w . to 2 children . The serum levels of CMNX were 103.02 micrograms/ml and 77.73 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after drip infusion, and the levels at 7 hours were 4.39 micrograms/ml and 4.19 micrograms/ml, respectively . The half life times were 1.20 hours and 1.32 hours, respectively . CSF concentrations of CMNX at 1 hour after drip infusion of a dose of 50 mg/kg in 3 patients with aseptic meningitis were 1.68 micrograms/ml (d.i . for 30 minutes), less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml (d.i . for 1 hour) and 0.51 micrograms/ml (d.i . for 1 hour), respectively . CSF/serum ratios were 1.1% and 0.6% . Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 10 cases with purulent tonsillitis (3 cases), pneumonia (3 cases), pyelonephritis (1 case) and enteritis (3 cases) . Excellent and good responses were obtained in all cases . Bacteriological response in the form of eradication was noted 8 of 9 cases . No side effects were observed. Jpn J Antibiot, 1985 Mar, 38(3), 643 - 70 {Clinical assessment of sulbactam/cefoperazone in comparison with ceftizoxime in patients with postoperative infections by well controlled method}; Yura J et al.; The clinical effectiveness in postoperative infections of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ, (SBT 0.5 g+ CPZ 0.5 g) X 2/day) was compared to that of ceftizoxime (CZX, 1.0 g X 2/day) by a well controlled comparative study, to have the following results . The overall effectiveness rate of SBT/CPZ and CZX as judged by Judgement Committee was 84.0% (63/75) and 80.6% (50/62), respectively, and the effectiveness of SBT/CPZ and CZX as assessed by the attending surgeons was 84.0% (63/75) and 71.0% (44/62), respectively . No significant difference was noted in both assessments . In a total of 36 SBT/CPZ-treated patients with intraabdominal infections, the clinical efficacy was judged by attending surgeons to be excellent in 13 patients (36.1%), and to be excellent or good in 31 (86.1%) . In the 30 CZX treated patients, it was judged to be excellent in 6 patients (20.0%), and to be excellent or good in 19 (63.3%) . These results presented a significant difference (P less than 0.05, U-test) between the 2 drug groups . The final global improvement ratio judged by attending surgeons was 85.3% (64/75) for SBT/CPZ, and 79.0% (49/62) for CZX with no significant difference . In assessment of time-course improvement, the improvement ratio of SBT/CPZ on day 4 was significantly better than that of CZX (P less than 0.05, U-test) . The usefulness rate of SBT/CPZ and CZX was 84.0% (63/75) and 73.0% (46/63), respectively . There was no significant difference between the 2 drug groups . To assess the bacteriological efficacy, the eradication rate of SBT/CPZ was compared to that of CZX . There was no significant difference between 85.7% (36/42) for SBT/CPZ and 73.5% (25/34) for CZX . After SBT/CPZ administration, 2 patients (2.5%) complained of side effects . In the clinical laboratory tests, abnormality related to SBT/CPZ medication was observed in 6 patients (7.5%), and that related to CZX, in 5 patients (6.4%) . As to the types of side effects and frequency, no significant difference was observed between SBT/CPZ and CZX . It is concluded from the above assessments that SBT/CPZ is a useful drug in the treatment of post-operative infections. J Dairy Sci, 1985 Feb, 68(2), 449 - 56 Comparison of electrical conductivity of milk with other indirect methods for detection of subclinical mastitis; Fernando RS et al.; Efficacy of detecting subclinical mastitis by electrical conductivity of milk was compared with that of other indirect methods including chloride, sodium, potassium, lactose, bovine serum albumin, and somatic cell count of milk . Quarter samples of foremilk, strippings, and bucket milk were obtained from 75 cows at the afternoon milking over 8 wk . Infection of quarters was ascertained by bacteriological analysis . Electrical conductivity, chloride, and sodium content of milk were more accurate for predicting infection status of quarters than were other variables . Most variables were more accurate in predicting infection when measures were in strippings rather than in foremilk or bucket milk . For measures in strippings, misclassifications by electrical conductivity were 11.2 and 15.5% for false positives and false negatives . The accuracy of the electrical conductivity of milk for detection of subclinical mastitis compared favorably with all indirect methods . Accuracy of detection and adaptability to both manual and automatic cow-side mastitis detection systems indicate that the method has considerable potential as a screening test for subclinical mastitis. J Trauma, 1985 Feb, 25(2), 163 - 4 Retreatment of previously treated hand infections; Stromberg BV; Presenting patient profiles and bacteriologic culture and sensitivity data from 132 patients representing a 5-year experience with hand infections were examined . Patients were subdivided into those having no prior treatment and those having previously been treated with antibiotics . Presenting patient profiles showed the majority of patients to be young to middle-aged males . Temperature, pulse, and white blood cell counts, while usually mildly elevated, were usually not diagnostic . In comparison with patients not having been previously treated, patients having already received antibiotics with persistent or recurrent infections showed more of a tendency toward mixed infections . Anaerobic, mycobacterial, and fungal infections were also increased . Antibiotic susceptibility studies showed the cephalosporins and clindamycin maintain a reasonably good coverage (78% and 72%, respectively) . Penicillinase-resistant antibiotics also provided some coverage in two thirds of patients . Proper antibiotic therapy may depend on several factors including previous treatment . Other measures of surgical drainage when appropriate, elevation, compresses, and splinting remain important. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 1985 Feb 1, 186(3), 252 - 6 Uterine involution in mares treated with progesterone and estradiol-17 beta; Sexton PE et al.; Bacteriology, histology, and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate uterine involution in 27 mares treated with daily injections of 150 mg of progesterone and 10 mg of estradiol-17 beta, commencing within 18 hours of parturition . These findings were compared with those for 24 untreated mares at postpartum day 10 or 11 . The treatment resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05) greater uterine gland proliferation . Gland density was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in mares treated for 6 to 10 days than in those treated 2 to 5 days . The proportion of ciliated cells to secretory cells lining the endometrial surface was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in mares during delayed foal estrus than in those at postpartum days 10 to 11 . The proportion of ciliated to secretory cells increased with increasing duration of treatment . It was concluded that treatment with progesterone and estradiol-17 beta allowed additional time for uterine involution in the early postpartum period. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol, 1985 Feb, 23(2), 115 - 7 A combination of cefuroxime plus acetylcysteine in the intensive care of patients with respiratory insufficiency; Testasecca D et al.; Thirty patients admitted to our Intensive Care Unit for respiratory insufficiency attributable to a variety of disease conditions were treated with a combination of cefuroxime plus acetylcysteine . Clinical and laboratory variables were evaluated, and bacteriological tests were performed on tracheal aspirate . At the end of treatment, 12 patients were judged to be recovered, 14 improved and 4 unchanged . No side effects were observed. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol, 1985 Feb, 23(2), 105 - 8 Clinical evaluation of cefotiam and cefamandole in respiratory tract infections; Beumer HM et al.; Eighty-two adult hospitalized patients suffering from respiratory tract infections were treated with cefotiam or cefamandole in an open comparative study . The patients were allocated randomly to one of the two treatments . The recommended dosage regimens (i.m . or i.v.) were used for both groups (cefotiam 1 g b.i.d., cefamandole 1 g t.i.d.) . The duration of treatment was 7 to 14 days according to the response of the disease condition . 80 patients were analyzed . The tolerability of both drugs was good and comparable . The clinical and bacteriological efficacy of both drugs was equivalent . The radiological examinations showed a better improvement of the patients treated with cefotiam. Chest, 1985 Feb, 87(2 Suppl), 117S - 124S Standard therapy for tuberculosis 1985; Snider DE Jr et al.; PIP: Numerous clinical trials of chemotherapy for tuberculosis conducted throughout the world over the past 4 decades have established 2 basic principles of treatment: effective treatment requires the initial concomitant administration of at least 2 drugs to which the patient's organisms are susceptible; and cure of tuberculosis requires that treatment continue beyond the time of sputum conversion and amelioration of symptoms . The treatment of tuberculosis was revolutionized in the late 1960s with the introduction of rifampin . Shorter regimens of 6-9 months in duration became possible . Scores of trials of short-course chemotherapy have been conducted, and more are planned . The goals of the new treatment regimens are to achieve effective sterilization of the tuberculous lesion in the shortest time possible . A table lists drugs now in use in the US and Canada and gives the usual doses, common side effects, and important interactions among drugs . Chemotherapeutic regimens acceptable for use in the US and Canada are well-defined combinations of drugs which must be regularly administered in the recommended dosages and rhythm for a specific time period . Regimens should be highly effective, i.e., a relapse rate of less than 5%, and have a low risk of toxic effects . Regimens also should be acceptable to patients and applicable on a community-wide basis . The regimens recommended meet these criteria and are backed by well-conducted clinical trails . A 9-month regimen consisting of isoniazid and rifampin throughout, usually supplemented in the initial phase by ethambutol, streptomycin, or pyrazinamide, is a well-tolerated regimen which will cure virtually all patients with susceptible organisms . The initial daily phase may last 2-8 weeks; the continuation phase may be administered daily or twice weekly . These regimens have an overall bacteriologic relapse rate of between zero and 4% . When 4 drugs -- isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and either ethambutol or streptomycin -- are given under close during supervision during the initial 2 months of daily or "induction" therapy, followed by an additional 4 months of isoniazid and rifampin, the results have been excellent . Where primary resistance to isoniazid or streptomycin is suspected, the patient should be placed on 1 of the following 3 regimens: isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol; isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin; or isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol . Short-course chemotherapy for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and chemotherapy of tuberculosis in children are reviewed along with several conditions which affect therapy -- tuberculosis during pregnancy, renal and hepatic disease, cancer and other conditions associated with immunosuppression, and drug interaction . Ann Rech Vet, 1985, 16(4), 351 - 6 Vaccination of ewes by a single conjunctival administration of Brucella melitensis Rev . 1 vaccine; Fensterbank R et al.; In a lot of 99 ewes, the efficacy of a single vaccination by the conjunctival route (VC) with either 1.4 X 10(8) or 1.4 X 10(9) CFU Brucella melitensis Rev . 1 was compared with that of normal subcutaneous (SC) vaccination with 1.6 X 10(9) CFU . The ewes were challenged seven months after vaccination, when 85 days pregnant, with 5 X 10(7) CFU Brucella melitensis strain H38 administered by conjunctival route . Complement fixation, Rose Bengal and allergic tests were performed at intervals between vaccination and slaughter, and clinical and bacteriological examinations between challenge and slaughter, six weeks after lambing . After VC vaccination, few animals showed Brucella antibodies whatever the dose, and all were seronegative as early as four months after vaccination whereas a few SC vaccinated individuals were still seropositive at ten months . There were more allergic reactions among SC than VC animals, but sensitization was shown to be long-lasting in all vaccinated groups, whatever the administration route of the vaccine . VC vaccination with 10(9) CFU appeared to afford slightly greater protection than that with 10(8) CFU, and slightly lower protection than that induced by SC vaccination, but differences were not statistically significant . It is suggested that conjunctival vaccination with 10(9) CFU Rev . 1 would induce a good level of protection against Brucella melitensis infection and allow test and slaughter procedures as early as four months after vaccination. Vox Sang, 1985, 49(6), 373 - 80 Isolation of mononuclear leukocytes in a plastic bag system using Ficoll-Hypaque; Carciero R et al.; Mononuclear cells, present in bone marrow and peripheral blood, have been isolated from red cells and granulocytes using a ficoll-hypaque density centrifugation process . Cells isolated by this process which uses centrifuge tubes may become contaminated . In 19 studies in our laboratory we used Ficoll-Hypaque treatment to isolate mononuclear cells from cellular residues obtained during plateletpheresis using a modified 600-ml polyvinyl-chloride (PL-146) plastic bag with the Haemonetics blood processor V-50 or the Fenwal CS-3000 blood processor . The 600-ml PVC plastic bag was modified by sealing its vertical edges using radio frequency to form a narrow bag with a volume of approximately 200 ml . A 125-volume of diluted apheresis cellular residue was collected, and the mononuclear cells were isolated as follows: the diluted cellular residue was layered onto 75 ml of Ficoll-Hypaque with a specific gravity of 1.077 and was centrifuged at 260 g for 30 min at 22 degrees C . The supernatant plasma was removed . The mononuclear cell layer was transferred to a sterile 600-ml transfer bag, and the cells were washed with saline . Of the 4.24 +/- 0.9 X 10(9) mononuclear cells applied to the gradient, approximately 3.73 +/- 0.8 X 10(9) cells were recovered . The recovered cells consisted of 77.3 +/- 8% lymphocytes, 19.0 +/- 7% monocytes, and 3.6 +/- 3% granulocytes . There was no significant difference in tissue culture growth in the CFU-GEMM assay of mononuclear cells whether the plastic tube or the plastic bag system was used . Aerobic bacteriologic cultures were negative . The PL-146 plastic bag system used in this study proved to be a significant aid in isolating mononuclear cells from plateletpheresis residue. Biomed Pharmacother, 1985, 39(6), 314 - 25 {Bacteriological study of hygienic conditions in the Department of Blood Diseases and Tumors of the Paul Brousse Hospital at Villejuif . I . The atmospheric flora}; Jacques L et al.; Admission to hospital considerably increases the risk of cross infection . The sources of contamination are of exogenous origin (airborne flora) or endogenous (intestinal flora) . Because of the great susceptibility of immunosuppressed patients to microbial agents, it is essential to treat them in a special environment in which there is rigorous attention to hygiene and asepsis . In order to ensure these optimal conditions have been attained, we have made a bacteriological survey for several months in the Service des Maladies Sanguines et Tumorales of the Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif . The first part of the survey has given an assessment of the efficiency of the positive pressure air filtration system in one of the units on the Service . Although it should not be neglected, the airborne microbial flora appears to have only a slight effect on the development of infections in our patients . By contrast, the endogenous flora is the main source of infection . Apart from infection via intravenous drips, it is essentially transmitted by direct contact with the nurses' hands or via a variety of instruments . On account of its importance the direct transmission will be described in the second part of this report. Ann Biol Clin (Paris), 1985, 43(2), 163 - 5 {Current role of ELISA methods in bacteriology and virology}; Ramuz M; The use of fixed-phase immuno-enzymatic methods (ELISA) is becoming more widespread . In theory, these methods appear to be attractive because of their adaptability to various clinical situations . However, in practice problems remain to be solved . The detection of serum antibodies would seem to be easier, with the exception of tests for IgM, which are interfered with by rheumatoid factor . The detection of viral or bacterial antigens in pathological material would seem to be more difficult to achieve, but holds great promise for the future . Improvements have already been made, but progress remains to be made in the technique and in the clinical interpretation of the results. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res, 1985, 5(5), 345 - 50 Acute and exacerbated chronic respiratory tract infections: treatment with a combination of cefuroxime and acetylcysteine; Dal Negro RW et al.; Sixty-five patients, 25 with acute bronchopulmonary respiratory tract diseases and 40 with acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory tract infections, were treated by means of intramuscular injection of an extempore combination of 1 g of cefuroxime and 300 mg of acetylcysteine . Patients were divided into two groups according to the acute or chronic nature of their respiratory tract diseases . Positive clinical results were obtained in 62 of the 65 patients . Of a total of 52 pathogens isolated in pretreatment bacteriological tests on sputum cultures, only three were still detectable after treatment . Tolerance of the treatment was good in all patients, no side-effects of any kind being observed. Scand J Infect Dis, 1985, 17(3), 271 - 6 Bacterial endocarditis in patients with native or prosthetic heart valves: bacteriological and clinical findings; Bliddal H et al.; The clinical course of 12 episodes of native valve endocarditis (NVE) and 15 episodes of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) was studied . The mortality in NVE was 3/12 episodes and in PVE 5/15 . No significant differences in prognosis were observed in relation to the bacterial taxonomy, which was stated in all cases . Though surgical valve replacement was performed on the relative indications heart failure, resistance to treatment, or major embolism, the regimen was primarily conservative, and the results comparable to the reports in the literature of a more surgically active attitude. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 1985, 5(3), 287 - 90 Planning a bacteriology project: a tutorial; Tuxford AF; This tutorial paper reviews the action that should be taken at the planning stage of a bacteriological research project to ensure that the final results will have maximal value . Particular consideration is given to the problems of environmental sampling, patient involvement and testing for disinfection and chemotherapy. Eur Urol, 1985, 11(3), 170 - 6 Six-month chemotherapy for urogenital tuberculosis; Skutil V et al.; Rifampicin (RMP, 600 mg), isoniazid (INH, 300 mg) and pyrazinamide (PZA, 1,000 mg) administered daily in the hospital for a duration of 2 months was followed at home by daily administration of 600 mg RMP and 300 mg INH for a duration of 4 months . 113 patients with previously untreated and bacteriologically proven urogenital tuberculosis were admitted to the study . Therapy was completed and evaluated in 106 (94%) patients . No failure of chemotherapy was observed during the treatment; one bacteriologically proven relapse occurred after completion of treatment within the 45- to 63-month follow-up . This 6-month chemotherapy seems as efficient as the standard treatment which lasted for 18-24 months. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 1985, 33(2), 134 - 41 {Bacterial contamination of the air in different operating rooms}; Audurier A et al.; Bacteria air samples were taken in the operating rooms, with no people present, to specify the level of air contamination and suggest bacteriological standards for different operating rooms . In the first step of this study, for 5 months the air contamination mean value of operating rooms, ventilated at 15 changes/hour was 18.5 Cfu/m3 +/- 1.9 . In the second part of the study, during two years, 1 381 air samples were taken in 8 different operating rooms . The mean values of air contamination range from 1.4 Cfu/m3 in a Charnley isolator system to 121 Cfu/m3 in an operating room ventilated at 7.5 changes per hour . As a general rule, the airborne contamination is more significant in the oldest operating rooms than in the new one with filtrated air . The variations observed between 1981 and 1982 are explained by technical modifications of the system or progress in control of operating room conditions . Measurements of the bacterial contamination of the air give useful informations, but it is however better to ensure that the specifications for volume air supply and positive air pressure in the operating theatres are being fulfilled . The airborne bacterial concentration in a modern ventilated operating room should not exceed 30 Cfu/m3. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res, 1985, 5(3), 175 - 9 Clinical study on the efficacy of clofoctol in the treatment of infectious respiratory diseases; Danesi R et al.; The effectiveness and the safety of a new chemotherapeutic phenol derivative, clofoctol, was evaluated in adult hospitalized patients affected by infectious diseases of the bronchopulmonary tract . The clinical diagnosis included acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and lung cavitary neoplasm . Expectoration, cough, dyspnoea, respiratory murmur and body temperature were considered as clinical factors to which an arbitrary score was given . Functional respiratory parameters including FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC X 100 were also evaluated . All the patients were treated rectally with clofoctol 1500 mg daily for five days . Bacterial evidence of infection was obtained by sputum culture, which was repeated at the end of treatment . At that time, bacteriological results were 72.4% disappearance of baseline pathogens, 20.7% persistence of baseline pathogens and 6.9% presence of different organisms . Functional respiratory parameters were found to be significantly improved by treatment . Clinical results, arbitrarily evaluated on the basis of the overall assessment of laboratory and functional data, were excellent in 33.3%, good in 44.4%, fair in 5.6% and poor in 16.7% of patients . Tolerance was generally good; side-effects included maculopapular rash in 2 patients and rectal disturbances in 10 patients . In conclusion, for the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases clofoctol offers an interesting alternative to antibiotic therapy. Ann Clin Res, 1985, 17(1), 32 - 6 Gastritis, duodenogastric reflux and bacteriology of the gastric remnant in patients operated for peptic ulcer by Billroth I operation; Paakkonen M et al.; Of 101 patients undergoing Billroth I gastrectomy (BI) 14 years previously, we were able to investigate 39 . General abdominal symptoms, haematological status, basal (BAO) and maximal (MAO) hydrochloric acid secretion were studied before (I) and 1 year (II) and 14 years (III) after the operation . Stump mucosa morphology was investigated before the operation and 14 years afterward . Duodenogastric reflux with radioisotope and fasting bile reflux methods and stump bacteriology were studied at the last follow-up and compared with those of controls who had had peptic ulcer 15 years ago . Only 10% of the operated patients could be classified as Visick Grade III, the others being Grades I-II . At the time of the follow-up, mean body weight had not changed . Serum iron was better at 14 than one years after the operation . BAO and MAO decreased significantly after the operation, but these decreases did not continue during the postoperative period . Duodenogastric reflux was significantly greater in the gastrectomized patients than in the controls . Neither the progression of gastritis nor the degree of postoperative gastritis correlated with the reflux . Of the operated patients, 6% had normal stump mucosa and 80% had atrophy . From the stump we cultured colonic bacteria in 44% of the patients, pharyngeal flora in 71% and Candida in 56% . The stomach bacteriology of the controls was: 10% colonic, 35% pharyngeal flora and 30% Candida . The general status of BI-patients remains good . Although gastritis progresses to atrophy and duodenogastric reflux increases, the reflux and atrophy do not seem to be related . In spite of increasing atrophy hydrochloric acid secretion continues. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim, 1985, 4(3), 264 - 70 {Central venous catheterization in pediatric hematology}; Douard MC et al.; Central venous catheters (CVC) have proven to be a reliable route of the administration of chemotherapy, saline, blood cells and nutritional support in patients with malignant haematological disease . However, infection remained one of the most important causes of morbidity associated with this procedure . The aims of this study were a) to evaluate the efficacy of laminar air flow to prevent CVC infections, b) to study morbidity associated with polyethylene (PE) and silicone (S) catheters, and c) to evaluate the part played by increasing staff practice . 177 CVC were inserted in 170 children during a period of 20 months . Ages ranged from 5 months to 15 years (mean: 7 years) . All the S CVC were tunnelled whereas, because of their rigidity, none of the PE CVC were . At the time of their removal, bacteriological samples from the CVC skin exit site, blood drawn through the catheter and the tips of these CVC were cultured . During the first period (one year), three groups of CVC were studied: in group 1, 37 S CVC in patients placed in a non-sterile ward; in group 2, 40 S CVC in children nursed under laminar air flow; in group 3, 60 PE CVC in patients of a non-sterile ward . During the second period (8 months), 40 new S CVC were inserted in children nursed in non-sterile wards, but after nursing staff training (group 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Acta Chir Scand, 1985, 151(2), 187 - 9 Thrombosis in the superior mesenteric artery simulating acute pancreatitis . A case report; Lasson A et al.; A case of thrombosis in the superior mesenteric artery simulating acute pancreatitis, but causing intestinal gangrene, is described . The possibility of other simulating diseases must always be considered when non-operative peritoneal lavage is used as a treatment of acute pancreatitis . Bacteriological examination of the peritoneal fluid might be beneficial . Laparotomy is indicated when there is a marked discrepancy between the general condition of the patient and the objective clinical signs of pancreatitis. Med Trop (Mars), 1985 Jan-Mar, 45(1), 35 - 41 {Role of eye manifestations in chlamydioses}; Vedy J et al.; Following an up-to-date bacteriological resume, are recalled the most important clinical manifestations presently attributed to C . trachomatis: general manifestations (pulmonary, articular, venereal, congenital, viscereal and others still under discussion); ocular manifestations (trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis of newborn infants or adults, other ocular affections still under discussion) . The main theories are exposed, which try to explain some epidemiological links between all these manifestations. Jpn J Antibiot, 1985 Jan, 38(1), 4 - 7 {Efficacy of ceftriaxone against gynecoobstetric infections}; Chimura T et al.; Ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX), a newly developed parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic was clinically evaluated in gynecoobstetric infections and the following results were obtained . CTRX was administered by intravenous drip infusion twice a day in a daily dose of 2 to 4 g to 10 cases with gynecoobstetric infections, consisting of 8 with intrauterine infections, 1 with adnexitis and 1 with infection of external genitalia . The global clinical efficacy was excellent in 2 and good in 6 out of 8 cases with intrauterine infections, and in 2 others, the efficacy rate being 100% . Bacteriologically, the eradication of bacteria was observed in 5, unchange in 2 and alternation of bacteria in 2 among 9 cases where the causative strains were detected . Neither adverse reaction nor laboratory test abnormality was observed . The above-mentioned results suggest that CTRX is a highly safe antibiotic expected to be excellent in the clinical efficacy and bacteriological effects. J Chir (Paris), 1985 Jan, 122(1), 53 - 8 {Nonwoven textiles in the operating room}; Champault G et al.; Non-woven textiles are still not widely used in France, despite the great variety of their presentations . These products are clearly superior to traditional textiles in terms of a bacteriological barrier, which results in a lower rate of post-operative sepsis . It costs the same or less than classical textiles and it reduces the tasks of personnel and administration . Its presently limited used is essentially due to the reticence of surgeons, based on a poor understanding of the products and a psychological barrier which is difficult to overcome. Pathol Biol (Paris), 1985 Jan, 33(1), 55 - 6 {Pseudomonas pickettii septicemia}; Chomarat M et al.; A case of bacteremia caused by Pseudomonas pickettii in an insulin dependent diabetic patient is reported, the portal of entry was unknown . After a failure of cefotaxime therapy whereas the strain was found susceptible by disk assay to this antibiotic, the patient became afebrile with doxycycline treatment . The bacteriological findings as well as the clinical problems are reported in the present paper. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1985 Jan, 89(1), 136 - 41 The exposed cardiac pacemaker . Treatment by subfascial pocket relocation; Garcia-Rinaldi R et al.; Ten patients were treated for skin erosion and exposure of chronically implanted pacemakers . The pulse generators had been implanted either subcutaneously or in the subpectoral, submammary location . All patients were treated either by primary or secondary relocation of the pulse generator to deeper subfascial planes . Pacemakers relocated primarily to subfacial planes healed without resurfacing . Those pacemakers relocated to other superficial planes resurfaced but healed in a second subfascial translocation . Bacteriologic studies on these patients revealed that the organisms cultured or antibiotics utilized did not influence the fate of the relocated pulse generator . The subfascial location was the only determinant of the ultimate healing of the exposed pacemaker . We conclude that subfascial relocation of well-functioning pacemaker generators should be considered as an alternative to complete replacement of the unit. Pediatr Med Chir, 1985 Jan-Feb, 7(1), 63 - 7 {Infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae . Epidemiologic investigation and statistical clinical study of 122 children admitted to the Institute of Pediatrics of the University of Florence during the period 1 January 1977 to 31 December 1983}; Calandi C et al.; We carried out an epidemiologic research about M . Pneumoniae infection from 1977 to 1983: determination of CF antibodies has been performed by the Bacteriology and Virology Laboratory (Prof . Lamanna, USL 10/D, Florence) . Serum samples were collected by the laboratory itself and by hospitals and university departments of Florence and neighbouring communes . Our research confirms cyclic behaviour of M . Pneumoniae infection: we could follow up a 3 years long epidemic after a previous 2 years long endemic disease . We found a major sera-positive rate for M . Pneumoniae in children than in adults . In the same period we carried out a clinical-statistical study on 122 children (80 males and 42 females) admitted to the Pediatric Institute "A . Meyer" in Florence because of an infection due to M . Pneumoniae . The most affected age range sems to be included between 5 and 10 years . Pneumonia is the commonest clinical feature of M . Pneumoniae infection (85.2%): furthermore, we must point out some cases in 0-2 years-old subjects . In our patients, clinical features, X-ray findings and laboratory tests strictly agree with those reported by other authors . We treated all our patients with erythromycin: in three weeks we obtained thee normalization of clinical patterns and X-ray findings in all cases. Soc Sci Med, 1985, 21(10), 1163 - 6 The medical and economic consequences of automation in bacteriology: a case study in a French university hospital; Sailly JC et al.; In a bacteriology laboratory where automated and non-automated procedures co-existed during the study period (1 year), patients were randomly assigned to each type of procedure and we observed the physicians behaviour as well as patients well-being in a surgical service using the results from the laboratory . Contrary to our expectations, the reduction in the time delay necessary to obtain information did not alter either the prescribing behaviour of physicians nor the welfare of patients . Besides, the gain in time was significantly lower than expected . We also discuss in detail the meaning and relevance of the results. Z Hautkr, 1985 Jan, 60(1-2), 93 - 9 {Comparison of tuberculosis cutis luposa and cutaneous leishmaniasis}; Kaufmann I et al.; We present a comparative study concerning two cases of tuberculosis cutis luposa and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively . These two Turkish female patients had suffered from changes of the facial skin since 20 years (tuberculosis cutis luposa) and for 5 months (cutaneous leishmaniasis) . The tuberculosis cutis luposa had been misdiagnosed as cutaneous leishmaniasis and surgically treated . Both cases showed an apple jelly-like color at the edges of the lesions with soft tissue . With tuberculosis cutis luposa, the lesions had a larger extension and a more hyperkeratotic picture . We discuss the different histopathologic changes of both cases . As bacteriologic culture revealed mycobacterium tuberculosis, on one hand, and histopathology leishmania species intrahistiocytically, on the other, we could finally make the corresponding diagnoses. Drugs Exp Clin Res, 1985, 11(11), 815 - 8 Treatment of ear, nose and throat infections with clofoctol; Ghilardi PL et al.; Fifty-two adult patients affected by infectious otorhinolaryngological diseases were treated rectally with clofoctol, a new chemotherapeutic phenol derivative . The clinical diagnoses included tonsillitis, paranasal sinus infections, nose and nasopharyngeal infections, external ear canal and middle ear infections . Evaluation of the results was based on clinical and bacteriological data; the effectiveness of the drug was also confirmed by statistical reference to a control group consisting of 52 adult patients affected by otorhinolaryngological infections treated only with topical agents or not treated at all . In the patients treated with clofoctol, good therapeutic results were obtained in over 90% of cases . Only four patients showed mild adverse reactions . On the whole, results demonstrated that clofoctol is very valuable for the management of most of the infectious diseases common in ENT practice. Tierarztl Prax, 1985, 13(4), 513 - 7 {Diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma bovis mastitis (MbM) in dairy cows}; Vandeplassche M; The diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis mastitis (MbM) usually comes too late . Consequently the capital early symptoms are described for a probable diagnosis in order to enable prophylactic measures and to prevent ineffective expensive treatments and loss of time . Following a definite diagnosis of MbM by culture, a repeated application of the CMT milk test combined with bacteriological culture detects infected cows and they should be culled . All cows of exceptional breeding value can be treated by repeated intramammary infusions of specific antimycoplasma antibiotics with a fair chance of healing, by preference during the dryudder period. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl, 1985, 92, 71 - 3 Therapeutic regimen of septic vascular complications in kidney grafting; Buchholz B et al.; In spite of highly sophisticated tissue matching reducing immunogenicity of a graft a high degree of immunosuppression is mandatory to achieve good graft survival . Septic complications such as a rupture of an anastomosis threaten the recipients life . Thorough donor selection, strict asepsis, as well as repeated bacteriologic examination gives the chance to decrease morbidity and mortality of kidney grafting . In the retrospective analysis of 135 kidney transplantations septic vascular complications occurred in 3.7% . The surgical procedure of choice after graft removal is the ligation of the external iliac artery . Only in one out of four cases ischemia of the lower extremity had to be treated by an extra-anatomic femoro-femoral bypass. Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am, 1985, 13(4), 357 - 61 {Folliculitis caused by Pityrosporum}; Cuadra Oyanguren J et al.; During the summer months three young patients were examined by us for an asymptomatic cutaneous eruption of erythematous papules located on neck, shoulders and back . They were heat-resistant to several antiseptics and systemic antibiotic treatment . The mechanical expression of these lesions did not reveal the appearance of pus, but a hard keratinous matter . The histopathological findings of the lesions show a non specific folliculitis, but the PAS stain shows numerous spores of yeast forms within the keratinous material of the follicle . The culture of this material in bacteriological and mycological ordinary media is negative, but the culture in the Dixon media reveals the growth of typical colonies of Pityrosporum orbiculare . The patients responded successfully to a 3 weeks course of ketoconazole (200 mgr/d). Crit Rev Toxicol, 1985, 16(1), 31 - 103 The effect of diet on the mammalian gut flora and its metabolic activities; Rowland IR et al.; The review will encompass the following points: A brief introduction to the role of the gut flora in the toxicology of ingested food components, contaminants, and additives, including known pathways of activation and detoxication of foreign compounds and the implication of the flora in enterohepatic circulation of xenobiotics . The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of studying the gut flora (classical bacteriological techniques, metabolic and enzymological methods) will be critically discussed with special reference to their relevance to dietary, toxicological, and biochemical studies . Sources of nutrients available to the gut flora will be described including host products (mucus, sloughed mucosal cells, hormones, proteins) and exogenous nutrients derived from diet . An account of the problems involved in studies of dietary modification with special reference to the use of stock laboratory animal diets, purified diets, and human dietary studies . The influence of dietary modification on the flora will be assessed on the basis of changes in numbers and types of bacteria and their metabolic activity, drawing on data from human and animal studies . The effects of manipulation of the quantity and quality of protein, fat, and indigestible residues (fiber) of the diet will be described together with their possible implications for toxicity of ingested compounds. Ann Biol Clin (Paris), 1985, 43(2), 173 - 5 {The bacteriology laboratory of tomorrow}; Flandrois JP et al.; The development of needs and the conditions for performing examinations in clinical bacteriology leads us to consider that bacteriological analysis should eventually: be closer to clinical requirements . This results in an accelerated bacteriology (whose response-times approach those of other biological specialties) and in a consideration of the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of the response; be less costly . This leads to an increase in productivity, and involves an introduction of computers, automatic systems for antibiograms and identification, and appropriate and inexpensive bioreagents; consider the requirements of the technicians in order to avoid diminishing the interest of the work . This development demands a recognition of needs, whether expressed or not, and a rejection of olds habits that are not adapted to the requirements of a bacteriology which is closer to the patient, quicker, and finally, less costly. Pharmatherapeutica, 1985, 4(2), 126 - 31 Fusidic acid plus betamethasone in infected or potentially infected eczema; Hjorth N et al.; Eighty-one patients with atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis received a 1-week treatment with 0.1% betamethasone alone on one side and 0.1% betamethasone plus 2% fusidic acid on the other side . Clinically, the combination was marginally superior and in patient preference a significant difference in favour of the combination was recorded . Bacteriologically, the combination eliminated 67% of bacteria originally present in the skin lesions compared with 51% with steroid alone. Ann Clin Res, 1985, 17(2), 76 - 80 The treatment of Gardnerella vaginalis vaginosis: a randomized comparison of pivampicillin with metronidazole; Csango PA et al.; The efficacy of pivampicillin and metronidazole were compared in the treatment of Gardnerella vaginalis associated bacterial vaginosis . In a multicenter trial 86 women were given pivampicillin (P) 700 mg twice daily for 6 days and 86 women received metronidazole (M) 400 mg three times daily for 7 days . At control, 2 weeks from the start of treatment, patients in group P showed the best clinical results, 77.9% in group P vs . 64.0% in group M (p = 0.066) . P showed a higher clinical efficacy than M, both in women using intra-uterine device and in patients using other forms of contraception . Negative post-treatment cultures were seen in 43% of women in group P and 64% in group M (p less than 0.002) . Bacteriological cure was unrelated to disappearance of discharge, odour and itching, although it correlated significantly with a negative amine test (p less than 0.00005) . Pivampicillin in the dosages used in the present investigation is a useful alternative to metronidazole therapy. Vet Med Nauki, 1985, 22(5), 53 - 9 {Role of atypical mycobacteria in the occurrence of nonspecific tuberculin reactions in cattle}; Dimov I et al.; Bacteriologic investigations were carried out with a total of 295 cattle of the Holstein-Zebu breed that responded positively to tuberculin . Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 66 animals, and 12 species of atypical mycobacteria were isolated from 94 animals . Parallel studies were comparatively made of the intradermal reaction test and the bacterial findings . Three groups of calves were infected with various atypical mycobacteria, and their response was followed up with the use of the avian and the bovine type of tuberculin on the 100 th day of infection . It was found that the unspecific tuberculin response of cattle in Cuba were not uncommon, and the best proportion of such reactions were shown to be due to the involvement of atypical mycobacteria . The investigated cattle with a positive response to bovine tuberculin at a single intradermal test were harbouring M . bovis in 66 cases (22.3 per cent), atypical mycobacteria in 94 cases (32.1 per cent), and Actinomyces bovis in 7 cases (2.3 per cent) . In 128 of the cases (43.3 per cent) both the morphologic and the bacteriologic findings were negative . The cases with a stronger response at the single intradermal tuberculin test in which the skin fold enlarged over 6.5 mm corresponded to a larger extent to the actual specific infection in the animals than to an infection caused by atypical mycobacteria, however, this could not be absolutely stated for all animals . Following a muscular as well as an oral infection of calves with atypical mycobacteria the allergic response was enhanced from the 40 th up to the 100 th day, the positive reaction to avian tuberculin becoming stronger than to bovine tuberculin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Padiatr Padol, 1985, 20(3), 315 - 23 {Inflammatory diseases of the nose and nasal sinuses in children}; Albegger K et al.; Inflammatory diseases in childhood are quite different from those occurring in adults . The reasons are the special physiological, anatomical and immunological factors at the different stages of development . The different diagnostic possibilities (nasal swabs for virological and bacteriological examinations, X-ray, sonography, CT, endoscopy of the nose and paranasal sinuses) are discussed and the principles of the conservative and surgical therapy were demonstrated. Vet Med Nauki, 1985, 22(3), 23 - 5 {Separation of colicins from E . coli strains isolated from lambs}; Mokhamed T et al.; Bacteriologic and serologic studies were carried out on the etiology of coli infections in newborn and young lambs . Ascertained was the participation of some serogroups of Escherichia coli in cases of lamb septicaemia, such as 019, 020, 025, 078, and 0101 . Colicin was found to be produced by a total of 64 strains as well as colicin V by 14 strains, all belonging to serogroup 025. Infect Control, 1985 Jan, 6(1), 14 - 23 Handwashing and skin . Physiologic and bacteriologic aspects; Larson E; Handwashing practices are often based on tradition and belief . To develop sound rationale for handwashing practices, the physiologic and bacteriologic effects of handwashing must be examined . The purposes of this article are to review the three major microenvironments of the skin with their bacterial flora, to discuss physiologic and bacteriologic characteristics of the skin with particular reference to handwashing, and to describe current handwashing recommendations and practices. Int J Gynecol Pathol, 1985, 4(1), 1 - 10 Chorioamnionitis: a comparative histologic, bacteriologic, and clinical study; Zhang JM et al.; Using morphologic and bacteriologic techniques, we examined placentas from 224 deliveries considered potentially complicated by infection . The severity of the chorioamnionitis was graded histologically according to the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate . Chorioamnionitis or funisitis occurred in 111 placentas . Neonatal morbidity in this group was 48 (43%) as compared with 14 (12%) in those without chorioamnionitis . Pathogens were cultured from 49 of the 111 placentas with chorioamnionitis . Neonatal morbidity or mortality occurred in 28 (58%) of the group with positive cultures but occurred also in 20 (32%) of the 63 with chorioamnionitis from which no pathogens were cultured . Perinatal mortality was especially high (64%) among premature infants (less than 30 weeks) with infection . A comparison of culture techniques (surface swab versus swab of subchorionic fibrin after searing amnionic surface) showed similar rates of recovery but less contamination using the deep culture technique . Neonatal morbidity and mortality with severe chorioamnionitis (grades II and III; 62% and 82%) were significantly greater than with little or no chorioamnionitis (grades I and 0; 43% and 36%) . Higher grades of histologically demonstrable chorioamnionitis are associated significantly with the highest rates of neonatal morbidity or mortality . In many instances, pathogens are not recovered by conventional aerobic and anaerobic bacteriologic study . A search for other infectious agents (viruses, mycoplasmas, chlamydiae) deserves attention. J Dairy Sci, 1985 Jan, 68(1), 114 - 22 Milk antitrypsin as a marker of bovine mastitis--correlation with bacteriology; Mattila T et al.; Milk antitrypsin reflects leakage of protein of blood plasma into milk . Mastitis detection can be based on measurement of the trypsin-inhibitor capacity in milk; the "Eflab Mastitis Test" procedure is based on this principle . The procedure was developed to screen for subclinical mastitis; high capacity and sensitivity permits whole herds to be analyzed on a quarter basis to identify inflamed quarters during a single sampling . Milk antitrypsin was measured on 2174 quarter milk samples by a colorimetric procedure . The Multiskan MC reader was hooked to desk computer to interpolate antitrypsin from the standard curve and to analyze results . The analysis of inflammation was based on antitrypsin as well as computerized interquarter evaluation . These measures were compared with bacteriologic