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Modulation of Aspergillus awamori Thaumatin Secretion by Modification of bipA Gene Expression. Marta Lombraña, 2004.Two different strains, Aspergillus awamori TGDTh-4 and A . awamori TGP-3 overexpressing a synthetic gene encoding the plant sweet protein thaumatin, showed an unfolded protein response . To facilitate protein secretion, the chaperone BiPA gene was expressed in A . awamori under control of the strong constitutive promoter of the gpdA gene . A good correlation was observed between the level of the bipA transcript in different strains and the amount of thaumatin secreted . Thaumatin secretion was increased 2- to 2.5-fold in transformants overexpressing the bipA gene compared with the parental strain . Secretion of the homologous proteins  -amylase and glucoamylase was not affected by the bipA gene overexpression . The requirement for BiPA for secretion of thaumatin was confirmed by attenuation of the endogenous bipA gene expression with an antisense RNA cassette . The decrease in bipA expression reduced the amount of secreted thaumatin up to 80% without affecting the secretion of the homologous
-amylase and glucoamylase proteins . The BiPA protein is, therefore, very important for secretion of some heterologous proteins, such as thaumatin in A . awamori .
Enhancement of Population Size of a Biological Control Agent and Efficacy in Control of Bacterial Speck of Tomato through Salicylate and Ammonium Sulfate Amendments. Pingsheng Ji, 2003.Sodium salicylate and ammonium sulfate were applied to leaf surfaces along with suspensions of the biological control agents Pseudomonas syringae Cit7(pNAH7), which catabolizes salicylate, and Cit7, which does not catabolize salicylate, to determine whether enhanced biological control of bacterial speck of tomato could be achieved . Foliar amendment with salicylate alone significantly enhanced the population size and the efficacy of Cit7(pNAH7), but not of Cit7, on tomato leaves . Application of ammonium sulfate alone did not result in enhanced population size or biological control efficacy of either Cit7(pNAH7) or Cit7; however, when foliar amendments with both sodium salicylate and ammonium sulfate were applied, a trend toward further increases in population size and biological control efficacy of Cit7(pNAH7) was observed . This study demonstrates the potential of using a selective carbon source to improve the efficacy of a bacterial biological control agent in the control of a bacterial plant disease and supports previous conclusions that the growth of P . syringae in the phyllosphere is primarily carbon limited and secondarily nitrogen limited .
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