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Differential Gene Expression To Investigate the Effect of (5Z)-4-Bromo- 5-(Bromomethylene)-3-Butyl-2(5H)-Furanone on Bacillus subtilis.
Dacheng Ren, 2004.(5Z)-4-Bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-butyl-2(5H)-furanone (furanone) from the red marine alga Delisea pulchra was found previously to inhibit the growth, swarming, and biofilm formation of gram-positive bacteria . Using the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis as a test organism, we observed cell killing by 20 µg of furanone per ml, while 5 µg of furanone per ml inhibited growth approximately twofold without killing the cells . To discover the mechanism of this inhibition on a genetic level and to investigate furanone as a novel antibiotic, full-genome DNA microarrays were used to analyze the gene expression profiles of B . subtilis grown with and without 5 µg of furanone per ml . This agent induced 92 genes more than fivefold (P < 0.05) and repressed 15 genes more than fivefold (P < 0.05) . The induced genes include genes involved in stress responses (such as the class III heat shock genes clpC, clpE, and ctsR and the class I heat shock genes groES, but no class II or IV heat shock genes), fatty acid biosynthesis, lichenan degradation, transport, and metabolism, as well as 59 genes with unknown functions . The microarray results for four genes were confirmed by RNA dot blotting . Mutation of a stress response gene, clpC, caused B . subtilis to be much more sensitive to 5 µg of furanone per ml (there was no growth in 8 h, while the wild-type strain grew to the stationary phase in 8 h) and confirmed the importance of the induction of this gene as identified by the microarray analysis .

ZupT Is a Zn(II) Uptake System in Escherichia coli.
Gregor Grass, 2002.Escherichia coli zupT (ygiE), encoding a ZIP family member, mediated zinc uptake . Growth of cells disrupted in both zupT and the znuABC operon was inhibited by EDTA at a much lower concentration than a single mutant or the wild type . Cells expressing ZupT from a plasmid exhibited increased uptake of ⁶⁵Zn²⁺ .

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Last modified: May 25, 2005