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Based on their response to oxygen, most bacteria can be placed into one of three groups: Some bacteria can grow only in the presence of oxygen and are called aerobes; others can grow only in the absence of oxygen and are called anaerobes; and some can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen and are called facultative anaerobes. Bacteria also thrive in environments that are considered extreme for mankind. These organisms are called extremophiles. Some bacteria inhabit hot springs and are called thermophiles; others inhabit highly saltine lakes and are called halophiles; yet others inhabit acidic or alkaline environments and are called acidophiles and alkaliphiles, respectively; and still others inhabit alpine glaciers and are called psychrophiles. Pseudomonas are able to grow in unexpected places. They have been found in areas where a lot of pharmaceuticals are prepared. Any carbon source, such as soap residue or cap liner adhesives is a suitable place for them to thrive. Other unlikely places where they have been found include antiseptics such as ammonium compounds. This ability to thrive in harsh conditions is a result of their hearty cell wall that contains porins. Their resistance to most antibodies is attributed to their rapid efflux pumps which pump out the antibodies before they are able to work. Click on following items to see more information: Activated sludge, Antibacterial, Antibiotic, Antibacterial, Bacilli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacterium, Bacterium, Bacterial, Bacterium, Biological reactor, C. albicans, Cell culture, Clostridium, Cryptococcus, E. coli, E. coli, E. coli, E. coli, E. coli, Edwardsiella, Eubacteria, Yeast, Gram negative, Haemophilus, Lactobacilli, (mic), Bacterial, Bacterium, Multidrug resistance, Penicillin, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Salmonella, Schizosaccharomyces, Staphylococci, Staphylococci, Streptococcus, Thermophilic, Wastewater The Hydrogenophilaceae are a small family of Proteobacteria, with two genera. Hydrogenophilus are thermophilic, growing around 50°C, and obtain their energy from oxidizing hydrogen. The genus Thiobacillus, redefined to include only those species included among the beta proteobacteria, is also included here. Other members of Thiobacillus were transfred to Acidithiobacillus, Halothiobacillus and Thermithiobacillus, now placed in other families. The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of bacteria, including many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Genetic studies place them among the Proteobacteria, and they are given their own order (Enterobacteriales), though this is sometimes taken to include some related environmental samples. Not all contaminants are readily treated through the use of bioremediation; for example, heavy metals such as cadmium and lead are not readily absorbed or captured by organisms. The integration of metals such as mercury into the food chain may make things worse as organisms bioaccumulate these metals. However, there are a number of advantages to bioremediation, which may be employed in areas which cannot be reached easily without excavation. For example, hydrocarbon spills (or more specific: gasoline) may contaminate groundwater well below the surface of the ground; injecting the right organisms, in conjunction with oxygen-forming compounds, may significantly reduce concentrations after a period of time. This is much less expensive than excavation followed by burial elsewhere or incineration, and reduces or eliminates the need for pumping and treatment, which is a common practice at sites where hydrocarbons have contaminated groundwater.
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