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| Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol, 1979 Jul-Aug, 15(4), 515 - 21 {Synthesis of organic acids by immobilized propionic bacteria in the flow system and stabilization of the process}; Iordan EP et al.; The capacity of immobilized cells of propionic bacteria to synthesize organic acids was examined . Propionibacterium shermanii cells incorporated into polyacrylamide gel were capable to synthesize propionic, acetic and pyruvic acids in the flow system . As a carbon source glucose, lactate-Na or whey lactose was used . The greatest amount of the acids was synthesized with the use of lactate-Na . The life-time of the biocatalyst (immobilized cells) can be increased by its reactivation with a nutrient medium required for optimal cell proliferation. Mikrobiologiia, 1979 Jul-Aug, 48(4), 668 - 71 {Growth of a Propionibacterium shermanii culture under varying aeration conditions}; Ibragimova SI et al.; The effect of aeration of growth of Propionibacterium shermanii BKM B-103 was studied . Aeration was found to stimulate growth of the culture in a complex medium containing sodium lactate as a source of carbon and energy . When the concentration of oxygen in the medium was raised, the economic coefficient increased, the Ks value for lactate assimilation decreased, and the value of mum did not change. Hautarzt, 1979 Jul, 30(7), 380 - 3 {The facial mask as a basis of clindamycin therapy for acne vulgaris}; Gloor M et al.; In 29 healthy male subjects aged between 20 to 25 years a powder face mask, consisting of 1.19% clindamycin phosphate (= 1% clindamycin base) in 70% ethanol was applied to the right side of the forehead once daily over a period of 5 days . At the same time half of the test subjects were treated in the same way on the left side of the forehead with a solution consisting of 1.19% clindamycin phosphate in 70% ethanol, and the other half with the same powder mask as on the right side but without clindamycin phosphate . The face mask containing clindamycin phosphate leads to a greater reduction of P . acnes . the total propionibacteria and the total bacterial counts (anaerobic culture) in the pilosebaceous duct than both other preparations . Compared with the initial values these do, however, reduce the bacterial count . The use of face masks containing antibiotics seems to offer a successful way of topical antibiotic treatment of acne. Arch Dermatol Res, 1979 Jun 25, 265(2), 207 - 12 The feasibility of replacing antibiotics by quaternary ammonium compounds in topical antimicrobial acne therapy; Gloor M et al.; Determinations of the minimum inhibitory concentrations for various antimicrobial surfactants with reference to the bacteria P . acnes, P . granulosum, and St . epidermidis are reported . The results show that quaternary ammonium compounds can display minimum inhibitory concentrations corresponding to those of relevant antibiotics . With the especially effective substance fractionated dimethylcocobenzalkoniumchloride )ARQUAD DMMCD-B), it could be further shown that with in vivo application in 70% isopropanol or in an ethanol-containing film mask ointment suppression can be obtained of P . acnes, all propionibacteria added, and all pilosebaceous duct bacteria which can be cultured under anaerobic conditions . The studies may point out a way of replacing antibiotics in the antimicrobial therapy of acne by quaternary ammonium compounds. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1979 Jun, 62(6), 1511 - 5 Effect of Propionibacterium acnes on the cellular immune responses to tumor-specific antigens on malignant rat liver cells; Yokota T et al.; The effect of Propionibacterium acnes on the cellular immune responses to tumor-specific membrane antigens was investigated by microcytotoxicity assays (MA) and 51Cr release assays (CRA) with use of mesenteric lymph node cells (LNC) of syngeneic BD IV and BD VI rats . BD rat liver cell lines transformed in vitro by chemical carcinogens were used as target cells with tumor-specific antigens . By MA, the LNC from rats that were inoculated with malignant liver cells under the adjuvant effect of heat-killed P . acnes showed significant cytotoxic response to the target cells but not to nonmalignant liver cells . By CRA, these LNC did not show specific cytolysis to the malignant liver cells . Assays with various target cells derived from BD rat liver and inhibition tests with syngeneic and xenogeneic antisera against tumor-specific antigens on the malignant liver cells proved that LNC reacted with tumor-specific individual or tumor-specific cross-reacting antigens on the malignant liver cells . Cytotoxic responses against the malignant liver cells were not demonstrated even by MA with use of the LNC from rats inoculated with either the malignant liver cells or P . acnes alone . LNC from the rats inoculated with both nonmalignant liver cells and P . acnes were not cytotoxic to malignant or nonmalignant liver cell lines. Hautarzt, 1979 May, 30(5), 242 - 7 {Differentiation of various Propionibacterium species from acne-vulgaris efflorescences}; Lentze I et al.; Samples of pustules taken from 37 patients with acne (a . vulgaris, a . papulopustulosa, a . conglobata) were examined using different culture mediums for the growth of anaerobic to microaerophilic coryneforms . We identified 46 isolates of Propionibacteria which were tested according to their morphological, biochemical, serological, and phagelysotopic reactions . Three types of Propionibacteria were found: P . acnes (33), P . granulosum (11) and P . avidum (2) . Nine samples showed P . acnes combined with P . avidum, four samples from patients with acne conglobata showed P . granulosum or P . avidum only . Tests from 37 patients are too limited to reach definite conclusions . We are not able to suggest any correlation between type and degree of clinical acne, and the isolated Propionibacteria . These data indicate that pustules from patients with acne of all clinical degrees can contain P . acnes as well as other anaerobic coryneforms . Therefore, other species of anaerobic bacteria, particularly those of the "propionibacteria type", should be included in any discussion about the aetiological factors of acne. Mikrobiologiia, 1979 Mar-Apr, 48(2), 217 - 21 {Participation of methylcobalamin in the methylation of Propionibacterium shermanii DNA}; Antoshkina NV et al.; Propionibacterium shermanii is characterized by a high content of 5-methylcytosine (5 MC) . The level of 5-MC in B12-deficient cells of the culture is twice as low as in the control . The in vitro treatment of DNA isolated from the B12-deficient cells with methyl-cobalamin in the presence of the extract of control cells possessing the activity of DNA-methylase increases the content of 5-MC to the control level . No additional methylation of DNA in vitro takes place in the absence of the methylase system and in the presence of other forms of corrynoids . The methylating activity is displayed either in the presence of methionine or without it . The inhibitor of methylcobalamin, i.e . diftorchlormethyl-cobalamin, blocks methylation of DNA . Small quantities of S-adenosylmethionine are necessary for the reaction of methylation. Experientia, 1979 Feb 15, 35(2), 196 - 7 Prostaglandin-like substances in Propionibacterium acnes II . Stimulatory effect on ovarian cyclic AMP; Hellgren L et al.; The prostaglandin-like substances (PLS) from Propionibacterium acnes increased the ovarian tissue levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) approximately 2-fold . The lipid material extracted from P . acnes thus behaved like PG's of the E-type, and since it is unlikely that other known stimulators of the ovarian cAMP system can be present in the bacterial lipid fraction, these experiments give further evidence in favour of the occurrence of PLS in P . acnes. J Invest Dermatol, 1979 Feb, 72(2), 103 - 6 The aerobic growth of Propionibacterium acnes in primary cultures from skin; Evans CA et al.; Although Propionibacterium acnes ordinarily grows as an anaerobe, this organism was commonly seen on aerobic primary cultures (directly from skin) of the forehead, axilla, deltoid area, and antecubital fossa . On subculture, strains from aerobic primary cultures showed their normal anaerobic state . On repeated tests of the foreheads of 7 subjects over periods of 1 to 4 yr, 24% of all cultures were positive for propionibacteria (P . acnes) on aerobic culture . This phenomenon was equally common in cultures from those with relatively sparse or dense populations of P . acnes on the skin surface . Several different patterns of aerobic growth were observed: satellitism, profuse growth at one dilution and none on the next higher dilution, and proportionate growth in successive dilutions . These different growth patterns indicate that more than one mechanism is operative in stimulating the aerobic growth of propionibacteria . Whether one or more of these mechanisms is operative in vivo, we do not know, but it appears that they do not account for the great individual differences in population density of P . acnes on such sites as the forehead. Fortschr Med, 1979 Jan 4, 97(1), 26 - 32 {Modern therapy of acne vulgaris . A therapy proposal for the management of uncomplicated cases}; Gloor M; Acne vulgaris is one of the most widespread of all diseases and is frequently the object of treatment in general and specialist medical practice . New insights into the pathophysiology of acne show that the most important therapeutic principle is suppression of the propionibacteria in the pilosebaceous duct since these bacteria have a key role in the genesis of the comedo and of inflammatory acne efflorescences . Experimental findings are shown which prove the value of a local treatment with antibiotics and ethanol-containing masks . The second therapeutic principle is "keratolytic" therapy . Retinoic acid, benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid are in the forefront here . The third therapeutic principle is the reduction of seborrhea . Benzoyl peroxide is especially suitable for local treatment . Differential diagnosis of acne vulgaris and additional possibilities of treatment in problem cases are dealt with. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 1979, 45(4), 565 - 74 Studies on Propionibacterium isolated from paddy soils; Hayashi S et al.; The anaerobic bacteria occurring in paddy soils sampled from fields belonging to the Rice Research Station at Ohmagari in Akita Prefecture, Japan, were surveyed from May to November, 1974 . Irregularly shaped rods predominated which were found to be gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, catalase-positive and not heat-resistant; populations were estimated at 10(5)--10(-7) cells/g dry soil throughout the entire survey period . On the basis of their morphological and physiological characteristics these bacteria were identified as Propionibacterium . Most strains belonged to P . lymphophilum and P . granulosum. Infection, 1979, 7(3), 146 - 8 Propionibacterium acnes pneumonia in a patient with lymphoma; Mohsenifar Z et al.; A 57 year-old male with lymphocytic lymphoma developed symptoms of cough, fever and progressive dyspnea accompanied by a diffuse lower lung infiltrate . Open lung biopsy revealed multiple micro-abscesses surrounding small bronchioles which yielded a pure growth of Propionibacterium acnes. Oncology, 1979, 36(1), 7 - 10 Effect of 1(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) on Sato lung carcinoma (SLC) . Preliminary result of immunochemotherapy for SLC by combination of ACNU and Propionibacterium acnes; Saijo N et al.; ACNU was highly effective for Sato lung carcinoma transplanted intravenously or intramuscularly by using a large single dose, and the cytotoxic action of ACNU for SLC showed clear dependence upon tumor size . Nonspecific activation of host-defence mechanism by Propionibacterium acnes contributed to the suppression for the regrowth of solid SLC treated by ACNU. Acta Derm Venereol, 1979, 59(6), 552 - 54 Antibiotic sensitivity of comedonal Propionibacterium acnes; Guin JD et al.; Previous studies on antibiotic MIC levels for P . acnes and P . granulosum have shown them generally sensitive to therapeutic levels in both blood and surface lipids . The clinical response of acne vulgaris to antibiotic therapy is slower than one would anticipate from in vitro studies . It is also delayed well beyond the time tetracycline is known to appear in surface lipids . The concentration of antibiotics in comedonal material could be important, but it is not known . To determine the sensitivity level required for such an assay, MIC studies on P . acnes and P . granulosum from comedonal material were carried out from 0.05 to 25 microgram/ml . The assay would need to detect 0.05 microgram/ml or less in comedonal material . Interestingly, two organisms were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics at the 25 microgram/ml level and another had a MIC level of 12.5 microgram/ml for tetracycline. J Invest Dermatol, 1978 Dec, 71(6), 363 - 5 Differential susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes, P . granulosum and P . avidum to free fatty acids; Ko HL et al.; The susceptibility of 98 Propionibacterium acnes, P . granulosum and P . avidum strains isolated from acne cases and appropriate reference strains to decanoic, dodecanoic, octadeca-9,12 dienoic, and octadeca-9,12,15 trienoic acids was investigated using minimal inhibitory concentration estimation by an agar dilution techique . The tested acids showed their relative antibacterial activity in the following order: C18:3 delta 9,12,15 greater than C18:2 delta 9,12 greater than C12:0 greater than C10:0 Differences between minimal inhibitory concentration values for P . acnes, and P . avidum versus P . granulosum strains were demonstrated in the cases of octadeca-9,12 dienoic, and octadeca-9,12,15 trienoic acids. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1978 Dec, 61(6), 1525 - 9 Propionibacterium acnes-mediated humoral immune responses to tumor-specific antigens on rat liver cells transformed in vitro by chemical carcinogens; Yokota T et al.; Effects of Propionibacterium acnes on production of antibodies against tumor-specific membrane antigens were investigated in syngeneic inbred BD IV and BD VI rats . BD rat liver cell lines transformed in vitro by chemical carcinogens were used as target cells for tumor-specific antigens . By membrane immunofluorescence, antibodies against these rat liver cell lines were detected in syngeneic BD rat sera . Antibodies were produced in syngeneic rats under the adjuvant effect of heat-killed P . acnes only . In assays with various target cells and absorption experiments, the antibodies reacted with a tumor-specific individual antigen or tumor-specific cross-reacting antigen on the surfaces of transformed BD rat liver cells . No antibodies against these antigens were found in the sera obtained from syngeneic rats immunized with either the transformed cell lines or P . acnes but not with both . Freund's complete adjuvant did not induce antibodies against these tumor-specific antigens. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1978 Nov 9, 14(1), 53 - 6 Effect of topical application of dexamethasone on Propionibacteria in the pilosebaceous duct; Gloor M et al.; A preparation of dexamethasone 0.02% in Eutanol G (n octyldodecanol) was applied once daily for three weeks, to the right side of the forehead of 25 male healthy test subjects . Eutanol G without dexamethasone was applied in the same way to the left side of the forehead . Before and at the end of the treatment period bacteria were removed from the pilo-sebaceous ducts by the method of Holland et al . {8} . Bacteria that grew under anaerobic conditions were evaluated quantitatively . Dexamethasone induced a significant increase in P . acnes, in all Propionibacteria and in the total bacterial count . The importance of these findings is discussed in relation to the development of steroid acne. J Clin Pathol, 1978 Nov, 31(11), 1085 - 9 Propionibacteria as a cause of shunt and postneurosurgical infections; Skinner PR et al.; Propionibacterium acnes was isolated from postoperative specimens from nine neurosurgical patients . The role of P . acnes in postneurosurgical infection is discussed. Infect Immun, 1978 Nov, 22(2), 523 - 9 Complement activation in acne vulgaris: in vitro studies with Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum; Webster GF et al.; To better define the role of bacteria in inflammatory acne vulgaris, we have investigated the ability of four strains of Propionibacterium acnes and three strains of Propionibacterium granulosum to activate complement . Complement activation was assayed by incubating normal human serum with varying concentrations of each strain and measuring residual total hemolytic complement activity . When serum was tested unaltered, P . acnes strains were approximately threefold more potent than an equal weight of P . granulosum in consuming complement, which could reflect classical and/or alternative pathway activation . All strains also consumed complement in serum chelated with ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid, which selectively assays alternative pathway activation . Incubation of unaltered serum with both P . acnes and P . granulosum resulted in immunoelectrophoretic conversion of C4, C3, and factor B of the alternative pathway . Incubation of chelated serum resulted in conversion of C3 and factor B . These data taken together suggest that both species can activate complement through either pathway . Serum incubated with P . acnes was chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and this chemotactic activity was largely C5 dependent as shown by antibody inhibition . It is suggested that complement activation may occur in vivo in acne, and the inflammatory response may be contributed to by the generation of C5-dependent chemotactic factors. J Invest Dermatol, 1978 Nov, 71(5), 330 - 3 Analysis of the water soluble extract of comedones; Hernandez LG et al.; The water soluble fraction of 713 open comedones, pooled from both the face and back of 47 subjects representing all grades of acne, were analyzed for total protein content, carbohydrate content, and for identification of specific proteins . In the water soluble fraction, the protein content represented 11.5%, and carbohydrate content 0.2% of the total comedonal crude weight . Esterase and hyaluronidase activity was demonstrated . Propionibacterium acnes antigenic material, serum albumin, and serum Zn alpha 2 glycoprotein, a minor serum constituent, were identified by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. J Invest Dermatol, 1978 Nov, 71(5), 324 - 9 The chemoattractant properties of comedonal components; Puhvel SM et al.; Acculation of clusters of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) along the periphery of the walls of comedones (predominantly of the closed variety), has been described as the first change marking the transition of quiescent, noninflamed lesions in acne, into inflammatory ones . The present study analyzed the chemoattractant properties of different comedonal components for human PMN in an effort to evaluate the potential significance of these substances in stimulating the chemotactic response of PMN in the initial phases of inflammatory acne . It was found that the lipids extracted from pooled comedones had chemotactic activity for PMN in vitro . Beyond that, all chemotactic activity in comedones was related to bacteria . Propionibacterium acnes produced low molecular weight, dialyzable, heat stable chemotactic factors which were released into culture medium during bacterial growth . In addition to the extracellular cytotaxins, P . acnes whole cells and other extracellular products were strong cytotaxigens and activated heat labile chemotactic factors in human and guinea pig serum. Zentralbl Bakteriol {Orig A}, 1978 Sep, 241(3), 325 - 8 Propionicins, bacteriocins produced by Propionibacterium avidum; Ko HL et al.; One hundred strains of Propionibacterium acnes, granulosum and avidum were tested for susceptibility toward bacteriocins produced extracellularly by eight strains of Propionibacterium avidum . Some bacteriocin-producing strains were inhibitory for all strains tested . A name propionicins, is proposed for bacteriocins produced by P . avidum. J Bacteriol, 1978 Sep, 135(3), 858 - 67 Nutritional requirements of anaerobic coryneforms; Ferguson DA Jr et al.; The nutritional requirements of three species of anaerobic coryneforms and their serotypes (Propionibacterium acnes types I and II, P . avidum types I and II, and P . granulosum) were determined . Strains of P . avidum would consistently grow to a transmittance of 1 to 3% at 560 nm in a basal salts medium supplemented with glucose, pantothenate, biotin, thiamine, and 12 amino acids (alanine, arginine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) . Strains of P . acnes and P . granulosum, however, failed to grow in this medium unless six additional amino acids were present (asparagine, leucine, lysine, proline, threonine, and valine) . All three species grew equally well whether the 18 amino acids were supplied in the form of a casein hydrolysate supplemented with tryptophan or were added separately . Nicotinamide enhanced growth of P . acnes but had no effect on growth of P . avidum and P . granulosum . Other nutrients which were not absolute requirements, but which significantly improved growth of these species, included the purines guanine and/or adenine, Tween 80, which served as a source of oleic acid, sodium L-lactate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and pyruvate . Strains (86) comprising all five groups grew well in the defined medium, except four strains of P . acnes type II (29 tested), which failed to grow unless heme and vitamin K were added to the medium . One strain of P . granulosum (22 tested) failed to grow in any defined medium, suggesting an additional growth factor requirement. Arch Dermatol Res, 1978 Jun 29, 262(1), 125 - 9 On the propionibacteria in the pilosebaceous ducts of uninvolved skin of acne patients; Gloor M et al.; In 24 persons with a severe inflammatory acne and 48 control subjects, bacteria were sampled from the sebaceous gland exretory ducts with the glass sampling head method according to Holland et al . After anaerobic culture bacterial counts were performed . The total numbers of P . acnes and the frequency of detection of P . granulosum were determined . The bacterial counts of P . acnes were almost idendical in the two collectives . P . granulosum was detected at a significantly higher frequence in the acne patients than in the control subjects . It can be assumed on the basis of the results that an increase in the bacterial counts of P . acnes is not to be regarded as a pathogenetic factor in the inflammatory acne of older patients . On the other hand, they suggest that P . granulosum may have an appreciable role in acne. Jpn J Exp Med, 1978 Jun, 48(3), 251 - 5 Bacteriological investigation on biopsy specimens from patients with sarcoidosis; Homma JY et al.; Biopsy specimens, mostly lymph nodes, removed under aseptic conditions, were emulsified and the homogenate was inoculated in various media, which were incubated aerobically or anaerobically . Only Propionibacterium acnes was isolated in high incidence and the highest concentration of bacteria was 6.5 X 10(5) per g tissue: 28 and 31 out of 40 lymph nodes were positive on solid and on liquid media, respectively . P.acnes was also isolated from control non-sarcoidosis lymph nodes: 4 and 8 out of 14 were positive on solid and on liquid media, respectively . The highest concentration of bacteria was 1 X 10(4) . A bacterial component derived from P . acnes was used for the passive hemagglutination test to estimate antibodies against the bacterium and also for skin test on patients . These results showed only slight differences between patients with sarcoidosis and control patients . No other bacteria or fungi were isolated. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1978 Jun, 35(6), 1102 - 8 Electrophoretic protein patterns and enzyme mobilities in anaerobic coryneforms; Gross CS et al.; The soluble protein patterns and electrophoretic mobilities of malate and succinate dehydrogenases and catalase have been examined in 25 strains of Propionibacterium acnes, P . granulosum, and P . avidum . A distinctive protein pattern for each species was found, and it was possible also to distinguish the serotypes within P . acnes and P . avidum . Strains of P . acnes, P . granulosum, and P . avidum could be differentiated by the mobilities of their malate dehydrogenases . Catalase activity was detected in the soluble fractions of all strains . Catalases from P . acnes and P . avidum strains had the same mobility, whereas that from P . granulosum was slightly slower . Under the conditions used, succinate dehydrogenase activity could be detected, but the patterns were not distinctive. Gann, 1978 Jun, 69(3), 345 - 52 Effect of Propionibacterium acnes or BCG on enzyme activities in spleen lymphocytes of Donryu strain rats; Saijo N et al.; Immunopotentiated rats, which were injected with Propionibacterium acnes or BCG, had the 50% survival twice as long as those in untreated controls after intravenous inoculation of Sato lung carcinoma (SLC) cells . The amount of labeled tumor cells in the lung of the adjuvant-treated rats decreased significantly in the first 20 hr after intravenous injection of 51Cr-labeled tumor cells compared to that of control animals . The elevated activities of ATPase and acid phosphatase in the whole nucleated spleen cells as well as spleen lymphocytes separated by Ficoll-Conray gradient were also demonstrated in adjuvant-treated groups . These data suggested that the elevation of ATPase and acid phosphatase activities in nucleated spleen cells as well as spleen lymphocytes has an important role for the suppression of tumor growth in adjuvant-treated rats. J Invest Dermatol, 1978 Jun, 70(6), 352 - 4 Skin surface glycerol levels in acne vulgaris; Rebillo T et al.; Free glycerol would be expected from biochemical considerations to be an end product of lipolysis of sebum triglycerides . Glycerol was measured in skin surface washings of acne vulgaris patients, in acne vulgaris patients treated for at least 3 mo with oral tetracycline and in control subjects . Surface glycerol in untreated acne subjects was significantly less than that expected theoretically, whereas the amounts of such glycerol in treated acne patients and in control subjects closely approached the theoretically expected values . It is suggested that glycerol may be an in vivo substrate for Propionibacterium acnes. Mikrobiologiia, 1978 May-Jun, 47(3), 451 - 5 {Flavin pool in Propionibacterium shermanii and the formation of corrinoids by bacterial cultures}; Datsiuk NM et al.; The content of flavins and vitamin B12 was studied in the cultures of Propionibacterium shermanii . The limited ability of propionic bacteria to synthesize 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, the nucleotide base in the true forms of vitamin B12, was found to be caused by a deficiency of the biogenetic precursor (riboflavin) . Exogenous 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole had no effect on the processes of flavinogenesis . In the absence of the nucleotide base, the yield of the true forms of vitamin B12 increased upon aeration of cultures which were grown for four days on an iron-deficient medium in the anaerobic conditions. Arch Dermatol Res, 1978 Apr 7, 261(2), 175 - 9 {Porphyrinsynthesis of Propionibacterium acnes in acne and seborrhea (author's transl)}; Fanta D et al.; The porphyrin productions of P a.-strains, isolated on the one hand from inlfammatory acne lesions, on the other hand from sebaceous follicle filaments from 10 persons each were compared quantitatively and qualitatively, after the appropriate material had been pooled, With respect to the acne strains one could observe a somewhat increased porphyrin production as well as the discharging of a precentually greater portion of porphyrins to the surrounding material . When separated by TLC the acne material showed a more intense coproporphyrin band. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol, 1978 Mar-Apr, 14(2), 295 - 9 {Determination of ribonuclease reductase activity by thin layer chromatography on ECTEOLA-cellulose}; Antoshkina NV et al.; A rapid and sensitive method of measuring activity of ribonucleotide reductase has been developed . The method involves separation of ribonucleotides and desoxyribonucleotides in the ECTEOLA-cellulose thin layer, elution of desoxyribonucleotides and spectrophotometric assay of eluate extinction . The method utilizes an enzyme extracted from Propionibacterium shermanii. J Bacteriol, 1978 Feb, 133(2), 811 - 5 Comparative studies of porphyrin production in Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum; Lee WL et al.; Porphyrin production by Propionibacterium acnes and that by Propionibacterium granulosum were compared . Porphyrin synthesized by both organisms was identified as coproporphyrin III on the bases of absorption and fluorescence spectra and behavior on paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography . Quantitative, rather than qualitative, differences in production were found between these organisms . In general, P . granulosum produced significantly greater amounts (P less than 0.001) of porphyrin than did P . acnes . delta-Aminolevulinic acid synthetase appeared to be the rate-limiting enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway in both organisms . The increased porphyrin production in P . granulosum is apparently associated with increased delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity. Eur J Biochem, 1978 Feb, 83(2), 437 - 51 Investigation of the mechanism of the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase reaction with the substrate analogue: ethylmalonyl-CoA; Retey J et al.; 1 . Ethylmalonyl-CoA was found to be a substrate for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase from Propionibacterium shermanii, the product being mainly (2R)-methylsuccinyl-CoA along with some (2S)-diastereoisomer . 2 . The relevant 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance signals of methylsuccinic acid and of its dimethyl ester were assigned to the diastereotopic methylene hydrogens using sterospecifically dideuterated specimens of known configuration . 3 . {2(-2)H1}Ethylmalonyl-CoA was converted by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in 2H2O mainly to (2R, 3S)-{3(-2)H1}methylsuccinyl-CoA . No dideuterated product was observed . 4 . Starting from (1R)-{1(-2)H1}-ethathanol, (1S)-{1(-2)H1}ethanol and {2H6} ethanol the following deuterated specimens of ethylmalonic acid were synthesised and characterised: (3S)-{3(-2)H1}, (3R)-{3(-2)H1} and {3(-2)H2, 4(-2)H3}, respectively . 5 . Conversion of (3S)-{3(-2)H1}-ethylmalonyl-CoA (70% 2H1 and 2% 2H2 species) on the mutase in water afforded mainly (2R)-{2(-2)H1}methylsuccinyl-CoA along with some (2S)-diastereoisomer . No deuterium loss was observed . 6 . Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase converted (3R)-{3(-2)H1}ethylmalonyl-CoA (81% 2H1 and 2% 2H2 species) to the following methylsuccinyl-CoA species: 33% {3(-2)H1}, the deuterium being in the threo position with respect to the methyl group; 21% {2(-2)H1}; 46% unlabelled . The ratio of the species with (2R) and (2S) configuration was about 60:40 . 7 . Reaction of {3(-2)H2, 4(-2)H3}ethylmalonyl-CoA (94.5% {2H5} species) with the mutase gave the following labelled methylsuccinyl-CoA species:53.4% {methyl-2H3, 2(-2)H1, 3(-2)H1}, the 3-deuterium being in the threo position with respect to the methyl group; 37.6% {methyl-2H3, 2(-2)H1}; 5% {methyl(-2)H3, 2(-2)H1, 2(-2)H1, 3(-2)H1} the 3-deuterium being in erythro position with respect to the methyl group; 4% {methyl(-2)H3, 3(-2)H1} . The ratio of the species with (2R) and (2S) configuration was about 70:30 . 8 . Implications of these findings for the mechanism of the rearrangements catalysed by coenzyme B12 are discussed. Nahrung, 1978, 22(6), 537 - 42 On rapeseed meals . Part XXVI . Some remarks on the biological value of rapeseed meal proteins after silage; Borowska J et al.; The influence of propionic bacteria on the biological value of potato-rapeseed meal protein ensilage was investigated . The inoculation of the ensilage with Propionibacterium Petersoni T 112 led to the reduction of the content of goitrogenous compounds (isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethiones) and to an increase of the nutritive value (NPU, PER) of the rapeseed protein . The increase of the protein value is greater by the application of propionic bacteria than by toasting of rapeseed meal. Can J Ophthalmol, 1978 Jan, 13(1), 50 - 2 Endophthalmitis caused by Propionibacterium acnes; Friedman E et al.; We treated a man who developed endopthalmitis six weeks after a seemingly minor injury . Cultures were positive for Propionibacterium acnes, an anerobic, Gram-positive rod that is a normal inhabitant of the conjunctiva but is rarely a cause of endophthalmitis . The patient underwent vitrectomy and lensectomy with intravitreal injection of antibiotics followed by systemic cephalothin and prednisone . Clinical and visual improvement was rapid. J Clin Microbiol, 1978 Jan, 7(1), 84 - 90 Use of bacteriophage typing to distinguish Propionibacterium acne types I and II; Webster GF et al.; Strains of serotypes I and II of Propionibacterium were compared for phage sensitivity . The two serotypes could be distinguished by using a typing set consisting of 16 bacteriophages at concentrations that demonstrated selective lysis of serotype I or II bacterial strains . Seven phage types were found; three were composed exclusively of serotype I, and four were exclusively composed of serotype II organisms . Generally, serotype I strains were more sensitive to phage lysis than were serotype II strains . No correlation was found between phage type and site of isolation. J Biochem (Tokyo), 1978 Jan, 83(1), 191 - 200 A study on nitrate reductase from Propionibacterium acidi-propionici; Kaneko M et al.; Cell extract from a strain of Propionibacterium acidi-propionici with high nitrate reductase (NaR) activity catalyzed nitrate reduction with glycerol phosphate, NADH, or lactate . The reaction was inhibited partially by fumarate or oxygen . NaR linked to methyl viologen was found mostly in particulate fractions . It was solubilized by treatment with Emulgen 810 and purified 46-fold by DEAE-cellulose, Sepharose 4B, and triple DEAE-Sephadex chromatographies in the presence of the detergent . It was rather labile but was stabilized by glycerol . The molecular weight was estimated to be 230,000 by Sepharose 4B gel filtration and the isoelectric point was pH 5.0-5.5 . The pH optimum was at 6.5-7.5 and Km for nitrate was 0.1 mM . As electron donors, methyl and benzyl viologen were utilized well but FAD and FMN were fairly ineffective . Chlorate was an active acceptor as well as nitrate . Azide, cyanide, and thiocyanate inhibited NaR . On adding 1 mM tungstate to the growing medium, the NaR level in grown cells was lowered; addition of 0.01 mM molybdate restored the activity partially . NaR is suggested to be a molybdo-protein, similar to this enzyme from other bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1978 Jan, 35(1), 62 - 6 Regional variations of cutaneous propionibacteria; McGinley KJ et al.; Propionibacterium acnes, P . avidum, and P . granulosum were quantitatively measured in 50 young adults . The scalp, forehead, external auditory canal, alae nasi, anterior nares, groin, rectum, and antecubital and popliteal fossa were sampled . These represent various cutaneous microenvironments, differing in moisture, density of sweat, sebaceous glands, and extent of anaerobiosis . These studies show that the propionibacteria are ubiquitous on the skin, with P . acnes predominant in both prevalence and population, especially in areas rich in sebum . P . granulosum recovery paralled that of P . acnes, but the density was significantly lower . P . avidum was found mainly in moist areas and the retum, suggesting an intestinal reservoir. Dermatologica, 1978, 157(2), 96 - 104 Effectiveness of topically applied antibiotics on anaerobic bacteria in the pilo-sebaceous duct; Gloor M et al.; An unspecific cream vehicle containing 1% erythromycin base was applied once a day for 10 days to one side of the forehead of 16 healthy subjects and the same vehicle without the active agent to the other side . Using the same procedure a solution containing 1.19% clindamycin phosphate (corresponding to 1% clindamycin base) and the corresponding unspecific vehicle was administered to another group of 17 healthy males . Prior to the treatment and after the end bacteria were obtained from the pilosebaceous ducts by means of a special sampling technique . Both ointments containing the antibiotics lead to a significant reduction of the bacterial growth in the pilosebaceous ducts regardless of whether evaluation is made of the total bacterial count or of Propionibacteria . Thus, it could be demonstrated that topical application enables some antibiotics to penetrate into the pilosebaceous duct in an adequate concentration to ensure antibacterial effectiveness if a suitable vehicle is used. Comp Biochem Physiol B, 1978, 60(3), 287 - 93 A comparison of the malate dehydrogenase of the propionic acid bacteria with the mammalian soluble and mitochondrial isoenzymes; Allen SH et al.; 1 . Like the malate dehydrogenases of eucaryotic cells, the Propionibacterium shermanii enzyme is a dimer consisting of two 35,000 molecular weight subunits . 2 . In electrophoretic behavior, resistance to substrate inhibition and stability to heating and dilution the P . shermanii MDH is more similar to the s-MDH than to the m-MDH of pig heart . 3 . The P . shermanii MDH has a high turnover number (ca . 140,000) as well as Km values for both L-malate and oxalacetate which are four times higher than the mammalian isoenzymes . 4 . A coupled assay for MDH using the malate-lactate transhydrogenase and diaphorase is described in which both substrates, L-malate and NAD, are regenerated. Acta Derm Venereol, 1978, 58(6), 555 - 7 Treatment of acne vulgaris with topically applied erythromycin and tretinoin; Mills OH Jr et al.; A twice daily application of 2% erythromycin base in hydroalcoholic solution accompanied by once daily use of 0.05% tretinoin (retinoic acid) solution was substantially more effective than tretinoin or erythromycin alone for treatment of inflammatory acne of moderate severity . Therapeutic enhancement by this combination can be attributed to the different modes of action, erythromycin acting chiefly by suppressing Propionibacterium acnes, while tretinoin is comedolytic . In addition, by altering the horny layer barrier, tretinoin doubtless increases the penetration of erythromycin. J Pediatr, 1978 Jan, 92(1), 13 - 6 Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of acute otitis media in children; Brook I et al.; Tympanocentesis and aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of the middle-ear fluid obtained was performed through one or both tympanic membranes of 62 children with acute otitis media . Aerobic bacteria alone, predominantely pneumococcus and Hemophilus influenzae, were isolated from 57% of patients; anaerobic organisms alone, most commonly Propionibacterium acnes and Peptococcus, from 15% . Thirteen percent yielded mixtures of aerobes and anaerobes, and several had multiple aerobic or anaerobic agents . The isolation of only anaerobic bacteria, supported in some patients by gram-stain observations of middle-ear fluid, suggest that these bacteria, especially Petococcus, may occasionally play a direct role in acute otitis media.
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