Chirurg, 1975 Oct, 46(10), 462 - 66 {Is an active immunization against pseudomonas aeruginosa in burns justifiable?}; Zellner PR et al.; The critical evaluation of active immunisation against infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in severely burned patients was carried out . Two group,s were tested: 1 . 120 burned patients vaccinated, 2 . 68 persons as control group vaccinated . In the healthy control group, the vaccination resulted in an almost linear rise of the antibody titer . In contrast thereto, vaccination in patients resulted initially in a raised titer which was followed in the 3rd and 4th week by a sharp fall . Due to the fact that an infected burn wound can also be considered as a vaccination, we examined the antibody titer in a 2nd group of patients which were not vaccinated . Similarly after a short rise there was a definite lowering in the 3rd and 4th week . The research included a total of 239 persons . In order to obtain a polyvalent vaccine, we carried out an epidemiological study involving serotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa over a period of several years. Zentralbl Bakteriol {Orig A}, 1975 Oct, 233(2), 236 - 44 {Toxicity of culture supernatants from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)}; Pfluger R et al.; In an effort to learn more about the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa we studied the culture supernatants of 20 strains of this bacterial species . Of these 5 proved to be highly toxic, 9 moderately toxic and 6 nontoxic for mice . The toxic component could not be separated from protease (elastase), neither by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-100 superfine, nor by isoelectric focusing . From this we assumed that the toxicity of the culture supernatants was associated with elastase . Purified elastase from P . aeruginosa, strain 75, elicited cytotoxic effects in cultures of L-, HeLa- and testicular-cells from calves . It apparently did not damage cultures of kidney-cells from rabbits and pigs. Appl Microbiol, 1975 Oct, 30(4), 704 - 6 Bacteriological evaluation of an ultra-pure water-distilling system; Kayser WV et al.; A prototype distillation and storage system with recycle for producing ultrapure water was monitored for bacteriological contamination during a period of 24 months . Naturally occurring Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P . cepacia were found to grow rapidly to levels of about 10(5)/ml in water taken from the storage reservoir and also in commercially prepared distilled water . The system was found to eliminate bacterial contaminants introduced into the still with the feed water, but the reservoir, once contaminated, remained contaminated during prolonged recycle, After a single treatment with free chlorine, the entire system remained uncontaminated until accidental or purposeful shutdown. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand {B}, 1975 Oct, 83(5), 433 - 42 The serology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa analysed by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods . III . Reproducibility of a polyvalent P . aeruginosa reference standard-antigen; Hoiby N; The reproducibility of a polyvalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigen (St-Ag) composed of a mixture of antigens from 4 O groups of this bacterium has been studied . Ten batches of St-Ag were produced, and each of these and each of the 10 batches of antigens from the 4 strains of P . aeruginosa were compared with St-Ag batch 1 by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods and a polyvalent antiserum (St-Ab) raised against St-Ag . Fifty-three of the 55 antigens of St-Ag were stable and could be reproduced with reasonable precision in all 10 batches, and 3 of the 4 strains of P . aeruginosa were stable in antigen composition in all batches . One of the strains (0-5A) had lost 2 antigens in the last 5 batches, and the concentrations of 7 other antigens were simultaneously changed, reflecting a smooth-rough dissociation . The disappearance of the 2 antigens in the latest 5 batches of 0-5A was also reflected in similar changes in the antigen composition of the latest 5 batches of St-Ag. J Hyg (Lond), 1975 Oct, 75(2), 195 - 201 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in hospital: a comparison between 'infective' and 'environmental' strains; Al-Dujaili AH et al.; One hundred and fifty-six infections or episodes of infection associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in six hospitals over 14 months were investigated . Pyocine typing and serotyping suggested that 145 distinct episodes had occurred, caused by 78 different strains . During this period 15 distinct strains were isolated from the environment at one of the hospitals; 12 of these were apparently unassociated with infection in the same ward during the period, and 4 were of types not encountered in infective processes at any hospital . There appeared to be a rather higher proportion of unclassifiable pyocine inhibition patterns among the environmental strains; in general these strains also produced smaller amounts of haemolysin . If failure to produce haemolysin in vitro is correlated with lack of virulence in vivo, this may partially explain the sporadic nature of hospital infection with Ps . aeruginosa, despite the prevalence of strains of this species in the environment. Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm, 1975 Oct, 12(3), 342 - 8 {Bacteriological studies on the therapy of bacillus pyocyaneus infections}; Metz H et al.; The effect of combined antibiotics was studied in 25 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by serial diluting tests . A synergistic effect was stated in 15 strains with oxacillin plus ampicillin, and in 7 strains with carbenicillin plus ampicillin . In these examinations, the quantities of antibiotics needed each time were within the highest admissible level of therapuetic concentrations . A constant rate of the optimum single concentrations could not be observed . On principle, the inhibitory tobramycin concentrations (0.06 - 1 gamma/ml) were lower than the corresponding concentrations of gentamycin (0.25 - 2gamma/ml); tobramycin was more effective than gentamycin also in 6 strains resistant to carbenicillin, tobramycin only had a synergistic effect - in five of these six strains - when very high ampicillin concentrations (i.e . 250-500 gamma/ml) were used. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1975 Oct, 56(4), 423 - 9 The effect of early surgical excision and homografting on survival of burned rats and of intraperitoneally-infected burned rats; Levine NS et al.; The effects of early and delayed surgical excision and skin homografting on survival in burned, uninfected rats and in burned rats infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, intraperitoneally, has been studied . The survival rate in animals treated with surgical excision and no coverage was significantly worse than in the animals who were simply burned . Immediate excision of the burn wound followed by prompt coverage with skin homografts resulted in decrease in the mortality rate from subsequent intraperitoneal infection of Pseudomonas . The beneficial effects of early surgical excisions and immediate skin homograft coverage were also achieved when formalin-fixed skin homografts were used. Am J Ophthalmol, 1975 Oct, 80(4), 673 - 7 Secondary ocular bacterial infection in hypovitaminosis a xerophthalmia; Valenton MJ et al.; Extraocular bacterial culture was performed in 100 patients with hypovitaminosis A xerophthalmia . There was corneal ulceration in 29 cases and corneal perforation in 22 cases . Eighty-six percent of the patients harbored frankly pathogenic bacteria (46 patients) and potentially pathogenic bacteria (40 patients) . All but two patients with either cornal ulceration or perforation harbored potentially pathogenic or frankly pathogenic bacteria . Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Diplococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella species were isolated in 37% (19 patients) of cases with corneal ulceration and perforation . I cultured P . aeruginosa from 36% (eight patients) of cases with corneal perforation . The many ocular secondary bacterial infections in the early stages of xerophthalmia seem to suggest that bacterial action plays a major role in causing the corneal ulceration and perforation in hypovitaminosis A xerophthalmia. Biochem J, 1975 Oct, 151(1), 51 - 9 The reaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c oxidase with carbon monoxide; Parr SR et al.; The binding of CO to ascorbate-reduced Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase was investigated by static-titration, stopped-flow and flash-photolytic techniques . Static-titration data indicated that the binding process was non-stoicheiometric, with a Hill number of 1.44 . Stopped-flow kinetics obtained on the binding of CO to reduced Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase were biphasic in form; the faster rate exhibited a linear dependence on CO concentration with a second-order rate constant of 2 X 10(4) M-1-s-1, whereas the slower reaction rapidly reached a pseudo-first-order rate limit at approx . 1s-1 . The relative proportions of the two phases observed in stopped-flow experiments also showed a dependency on CO concentration, the slower phase increasing as the CO concentration decreased . The kinetics of CO recombination after flash-photolytic dissociation of the reduced Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase-CO complex were also biphasic in character, both phases showing a linear pseudo-first-order rate dependence on CO concentration . The second-order rate constants were determined as 3.6 X 10(4)M-1-s-1 and 1.6 X 10(4)M-1-s-1 respectively . Again the relative proportions of the two phases varied with CO concentration, the slower phase predominating at low CO concentrations . CO dissociation from the enzyme-CO complex measured in the presence of O2 and NO indicated the presence of two rates, of the order of 0.03s-1 and 0.15s-1 . When sodium dithionite was used as a reducing agent for the Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase, the CO-combination kinetics observed by both stopped flow and flash photolysis were extremely complex and not able to be simply analysed. Biochem J, 1975 Oct, 151(1), 185 - 8 A temperature-jump study of the reaction between azurin and cytochrome c oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Brunori M et al.; The electron-transfer reaction between azurin and the cytochrome oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated by temperature-jump relaxation in the absence of O2 and in the presence of CO . The results show that: (i) reduced azurin exists in two forms in equilibrium, only one of which is capable of exchanging electrons with the Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase, in agreement with M . T . Wilson, C . Greenwood, M . Brunori & E . Antonini (1975) (Biochem . J . 145, 449-457); (ii) the electron transfer between azurin and Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase occurs within a molecular complex of the two proteins; this internal transfer becomes rate-limiting at high reagent concentrations. Infect Immun, 1975 Oct, 12(4), 808 - 12 Biological activity of fragments derived from the extracellular slime glycolipoprotein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sensakovic JW et al.; Glycolipoprotein, obtained from the extracellular slime layer of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was purfied and subjected to chemical and enzymatic treatment in an attempt to assign certain of its biological activities to chemical moieties comprising the glycolipoprotein molecule . Treatment of the glycolipoprotein with phenol, although removing all detectable protein, yielded a fragment capable to exerting the biological activities associated with the untreated glycolipoprotein (leucopenia, lethality, inhibition of phagocytosis, antigenic specificity) . Acetic acid treatment resulted in a fragment composed mainly of carbohydrate and a small amount of protein, but no detectable lipid . This fragment was devoid of leucopenic and lethal activity, but retained antigenic specificity and the ability to inhibit phagocytosis . The fragments release from the glycolipoprotein after treatment with phage 2-depolymerase were low-molecular-weight products and were devoid of the biological activities associate with the glycolipoprotein. Zentralbl Bakteriol {Orig B}, 1975 Sep, 161(1), 72 - 83 {The behavier of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in surface water, cooling water and waste water (author's transl)}; Botzenhart K et al.; This is a report on the occurrence and numerical behaviour of Ps . aeruginosa in natural waters with and without waste water contamination, in dams, cooling water circulations and cooling water discharge, in clarification plant and supplementary laboratory tests . The results show that Ps . aeruginosa may occur in the natural flora of open waters, but only following the introduction of human sewage . In the main, a more or less rapid reduction in the number of Ps . aeruginosa to low levels occurs, but periods of several days to several weeks must be allowed for this . In the presence of large quantities of nutrient, multiplication of Ps . aeruginosa in natural waters cannot be excluded . It certainly appears in technical systems such as cooling water circuits and filter plants . Presumably Ps . aeruginosa also multiplies in waste water, whereas in the biological aerobic clarification process a reduction occurs . The effect of a higher temperature on the survival or multiplication of Ps . aeruginosa could not be confirmed by laboratory experiments. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1975 Sep, 28(9), 696 - 703 Gentamicin accumulation by sensitive strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Bryan LE et al.; Gentamicin accumulation with time shows multiphasic kinetics in strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . All but first phase accumulation may be prevented or reduced by inhibitors of electron transport, by a sulfhydryl poison, by agents which uncouple electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation and by an inhibitor of protein synthesis . The phases of accumulation which are sensitive to these inhibitors are required for loss of cell viability . Gentamicin can be extracted from cells in an unchanged form as judged by paper chromatography and is concentrated 4 to 250 times over extracellular concentrations within the bacterial cell . Gentamicin accumulation has been shown to occur before there is any evidence or release of acid-soluble 3H-adenine from cells . These data demonstrate that productive gentamicin accumulation capable of causing cell death is by active transport. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 1975 Sep, 149(4), 908 - 14 Experimental studies on mice challenged subcutaneously with Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Gaydos JM et al.; By use of the subcutaneous route, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections were established in normal mice undebilitated by burn wounds or leukopenic agents . Using a 21-day holding period, an LD50 value of 4.6 times 10(8) colony forming units was obtained . After subcutaneous infection, the dermis was completely necrosed with the lesions reaching deep into the subcutaneous tissue and musculature within 3-4 days . Ecthyma gangrenosum-like skin lesions at the site of infection appeared during this time period . By 7-15 days all mice exhibited a systemic infection . Both the livers and lungs showed a great deal of hemorrhage and frequently contained large necrotic foci, while the kidneys showed petechial hemorrhage and occasional renal abscesses . The susceptibility to infection was markedly increased by use of various antineoplastic agents and suprarenal hormones . However, the type of tissue damage or severity was not significantly altered as compared to infected mice which had not received any of the chemical agents. Arch Environ Health, 1975 Sep, 30(9), 445 - 8 External otitis among swimmers and nonswimmers; Hoadley AW et al.; Studies were undertaken between the summers of 1970 and 1974 to determine the effects of swimming on the incidence of external otitis and on the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected outer ears . The frequency of "earaches" reported by swimmers during a telephone survey conducted during the summer of 1971 was 2.4 times the frequency reported by nonswimmers . Furthermore, the risk of a swimmer acquiring external otitis, determined from reports of outer-ear infections received from physicians during the same period, was approximately five times as great as the risk to nonswimmers . Swimming also increased the risk of P aeruginosa involvement in otitis externa, and reported infections among swimmers tended to be more severe than infections among nonswimmers. Surgery, 1975 Sep, 78(3), 316 - 21 Neutrophil function in clinical kidney allograft recipients; Grogan JB et al.; The peripheral blood neutrophils from 17 kidney transplant recipients were studied for their ability to phagocytose and kill Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro . Practically all of the percent phagocytosis values were within the normal range but many of the neutrophil samples demonstrated a reduced ability to kill ingested P . aeruginosa, particularly within the 3 month period immediately after transplant . Of the 17 patients studied, ten were found to have neutrophils with a reduced capacity to kill the test bacteria . These defects in bactericidal capacity were found in patients who received antihuman-lymphocyte globulin (ALG), large doses of methylprednisolone for rejection, and mostly in subclinical infection with Pseudomonas or other gram-negative bacterial species. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1975 Sep, 28(9), 689 - 95 Degradation of phospholipid in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced by polymyxin B; Kusano T et al.; Effects of polymyxin B on the synthesis and degradation of lipid, ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated . It was found that polymyxin B caused a marked degradation of the lipid fraction which was prelabeled with (3H-2)-glycerol . Thin-layer chromatographic analysis indicated that the main degraded lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, which constituted 80% and 15% of the total phospholipids of this organism, respectively . Polymyxin B also inhibited synthesis of RNA and protein in vivo . The severe inhibition of the uptake of labeled amino acids by polymyxin B indicated that the observed inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis possibly occurred at the level of substrate transports . The degradation of phospholipid might account for the defective membrane activities. J Gen Microbiol, 1975 Sep, 90(1), 91 - 9 Catabolite repression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa amidase: isolation of promotor mutants; Smyth PF et al.; Among mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from fluoroacetamide medium were some which synthesized amidase at about 5% of the rate of the parent constitutive strain, PAC101 . Seven fluoroacetamide-resistant mutants with low amidase activity gave rise to secondary mutant strains on succinate+butyramide plates . One appeared to be an 'up-promotor' mutant and synthesized amidase at a high rate . This mutant, PAC433, was not stimulated by cyclic-AMP and was much less sensitive to catabolite repression by succinate . The mutation conferring resistance to catabolite repression was cotransduced at a frequency of 96% (26/27) with the amidase genes amiR, amiE . Five other revertants had catabolite repression-resistance mutations which were linked to the amidase genes and these also were probably promotor mutants . One strain had a mutation conferring resistance to catabolite repression which was unlinked to the amidase genes. J Gen Microbiol, 1975 Sep, 90(1), 81 - 90 Catabolite repression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa amidase: the effect of carbon source on amidase synthesis; Smyth PF et al.; Synthesis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa aliphatic amidase was repressed severely by succinate and malate and less severely by glucose, acetate or lactate . Amidase synthesis in inducible and constitutive strains was stimulated by cyclic AMP, which also gave partial relief to catabolite repression produced by the addition of lactate to cultures growing in pyruvate medium . Mutants which were resistant to catabolite repression were isolated from succinate+lactamide medium. Biochem J, 1975 Sep, 149(3), 783 - 4 2-Amino-2-deoxygalacturonic acid in lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aerugimosa; Wilkinson SG et al.; 2-Amino-2-deoxygalacturonic acid was identified as a component of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C . 8505 . The compound probably occurs in the region of polysaccharide responsible for O-antigenic specificity. Biochemistry, 1975 Aug 26, 14(17), 3899 - 902 Circular dichroism of holo- and apoprotocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Hou CT; Circular dichroism studies have been carried out on both apo- and holoprotocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in the absence and presence of competitive inhibitors, protocatechualdehyde and 4-nitrocatechol . The apo- and holoenzyme showed identical spectra in the ultraviolet region between 200 and 250 nm (peptide back bone region), but the low intensity negative bands at 330 and 480 nm of the holoenzyme were completely absent in the apoenzyme . On the side chain region, the positive ellipticity peaks of the holoenzyme change into a lower intensity and broader band indicating the participation of aromatic amino acid residues in the primary binding of iron ion . Under anaerobic conditions, spectral changes were evident in the side chain region for the binary complexes of both the holo- and the apoenzyme with protocatechuate . The presence of iron in the holoenzyme results in an increase in positive ellipticity between 290 and 320 nm . Either with or without the iron, the enzyme protein binds protocatechuate and has a greater positive circular dichroism increase at 240-260 nm . CD difference spectra indicate that the modes of binding to form the binary complexes of holo- or apoenzyme with either substrates or competitive inhibitors are different . The bound iron ion stimulates binding . Spectral changes of the holoenzyme in the aromatic region were also observed in different pH environments of lower enzymatic activity . It is still not established whether these aromatic residues play an active or passive role in the binding of iron and/or substrates and inhibitors. Gut, 1975 Aug, 16(8), 590 - 7 Mucosal changes in gastric ulceration and their response to carbenoxolone sodium; Steer HW et al.; The epithelial differences between the normal stomach (six subjects) and 47 patients with gastric ulcers were compared . The concentrations of intraepithelial lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes in lesser curve and prepyloric gastirc ulcers were compared, the effect of treatment with carbenoxolone sodium was studied . There is a statistically significant reduction in the total number of intraepithelial polymorphonuclear leucocytes before and after successful treatment with carbenoxolone sodium . There is also a statistically significant decrease in the quantity of intraepithelial lymphocytes in those patients with lesser curve gastric ulcers successfully treated with carbenoxolone sodium, whereas there is a significant increase in those patients with prepyloric gastric ulcers successfully treated and those patients in whom treatment failed . The value of counts of migrating white blood cells as a method of objectively assessing the effect of healing drugs upon the gastric mucosa is discussed . Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in many specimens obtained, and evidence is presented that this was not a contaminant . Carbenoxolone appeared to increase the amount of mucus but had little effect upon the number of bacteria found . The possible contribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to gastric ulceration is discussed. Can J Microbiol, 1975 Aug, 21(8), 1185 - 91 The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to chloramphenicol; Ingram JM et al.; A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was resistant to 400 mug/ml of chloramphenicol (CM), was isolated . The generation time of the resistant strain was the same in the presence or absence of CM and similar to that of the parent strain growing in the absence of chloramphenicol . Resistance is eliminated by treatment with acridine dyes, mitomycin C, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggesting that resistance may be expressed by a plasmid . The resistant strain does not produce the pigment pyocyanine and the addition of pyocyanine to this strain eliminates the resistance factor . A strain sensitive to CM was isolated . This strain does not produce the enzyme acetyl CoA : chloramphenicol transacetylase whereas the resistant strain does . The sensitive strain accumulates 14C-CM at a greater rate and to a greater extent than the resistant strain grown in the presence of CM . The results suggest that the resistant strain inactivates CM by acetylation and, in.addition, develops a "permeability" barrier towards chloramphenicol. Appl Microbiol, 1975 Aug, 30(2), 293 - 7 Column chromatography and cell culture assay of Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin Z preparations; Ludovici PP et al.; Toxic material produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cell culture was concentrated and partially purified . This toxic material, designated toxin Z, was produced during the growth of strain PA Z or PA 103 in HEp-2 monolayer cultures using Eagle minimal essential medium with 10% serum . Toxin Z, concentrated fourfold by Lyphogel or ultrafiltration, was used to produce antiserum in rabbits and also was fractionated by column chromatography . Twentyfold purification of toxin Z was obtained on a Sephadex G-200 column . Toxic column fractions were confirmed to have toxin Z by neutralization with specific antiserum . During concentration, purification, and neutralization procedures, the toxin was assayed exclusively by the cytopathic effect it produced in cell culture. Infect Immun, 1975 Aug, 12(2), 257 - 60 In situ production of a synthetic barrier dressing for burn wounds in rats; Nathan P et al.; We describe the in situ production of a burn wound dressing applied to eschar that completely isolates burned tissue from contamination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Anesthetized, adult rats were subjected to a scald burn over 10% of their body surfaces . One-half hour later a test dressing presumed to be a barrier to bacterial contamination of the wound was applied to the burned surface . Tannic acid, vaseline, ethyl linoleate, collodion, and polyhydroxethylmethacrylate (PHEMA) were evaluated . Each agent was applied directly to the burned surface . A solid film of the PHEMA was produced on the eschar by addition of solvent and a powdered form of the polymer . The surface of each synthetic dressing was contaminated 30 min after application by the addition of 10(8) P . aeruginosa . Also, a control set of rats was burned and their eschars were directly contaminated without application of the test dressing . Seven days later the contaminated muscle under the burned area in 10 control rats had P . aeruginosa counts of 10(7) to 10(8) per g of muscle (wet weight) . Of the materials tested, only PHEMA consistently acted as an effective barrier dressing, reducing bacteria in the muscle to undetectable levels in 11 of 14 tests . It was also possible to treat contaminated eschar through this synthetic dressing by topical application of antibiotics to the barrier surface . The results suggest a novel clinical approach in which a barrier dressing could be used to isolate a burn eschar from environmental and subject contamination until the wound site is ready for grafting. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand {B}, 1975 Aug, 83(4), 328 - 34 The serology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa analysed by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods . II . Comparison of the antibody response in man against thirteen O groups of Ps . aeruginosa; Hoiby N; The occurrence of antibodies against antigens prepared from strains representing 13 O groups of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and against a polyvalent Ps . aeruginosa antigen (St-Ag) has been investigated in sera from 100 patients . By means of fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel it was found that the humoral immune response against Ps . aeruginosa resulting in precipitating antibodies will be detected by St-Ag as well as by any other of the antigen samples investigated . Six of the sera contained group-specific antibodies which were revealed by only one of the antigen samples used and not by St-Ag . These six sera were further studied by means of various quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods using St-Ag as well as antigens prepared from the infecting Ps . aeruginosa strain in the patient concerned . In all six sera, only one extra precipitin could be detected using antigens prepared from the homologous strain instead of St-Ag . This extra precipitin corresponded presumably to group-specific O-antigens not included in St-Ag . In sera from patients, these group-specific antibodies were always accompanied by antibodies against antigens common to all strains of Ps . aeruginosa. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand {B}, 1975 Aug, 83(4), 321 - 7 The serology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa analysed by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods . I . Comparison of thirteen O groups of Ps . aeruginosa, with a polyvalent Ps . aeruginosa antigen-antibody reference system; Hoiby N; Serologic cross-reactions between 26 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa representing 13 O groups were studied by various quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques . As reference system was used a polyvalent Ps . aeruginosa antigen and a corresponding rabbit antiserum . Fifty-one (93 per cent) of the 55 Ps . aeruginosa antigens in the reference system were present in all the strains and corresponding antibodies in the reference system could be completely absorbed by all the strains . Complete cross-reactivity was also found between antigens of the reference system and 3 of the 4 antigens present only in some of the strains . The last of the 4 antigens not present in all the strains could only absorb part of the corresponding antibodies in the reference system . Absorption experiments with whole heat-killed bacteria indicate that this antigen is related to the O group antigens of Ps . aeruginosa . None of the antigens of the reference system were related to the mucoid substance produced by some strains of this bacterium. J Hyg (Lond), 1975 Aug, 75(1), 99 - 112 Detection of endotoxins with the Limulus test in burned and unburned mice infected with different species of gram-negative bacteria; Jones RJ et al.; The Limulus test detected endotoxins in the plasma of burned and unburned mice infected with different species of gram-negative bacteria produced different amounts of endotoxin in the plasma of infected mice . Plasma from mice given lethal infections showed very high concentrations of endotoxin . Low concentrations of endotoxin in the plasma were tolerated by mice but high concentrations were invariably fatal . A polyvalent pseudomonas vaccine reduced endotoxin in the plasma of mice given lethal infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Clin Invest, 1975 Aug, 56(2), 376 - 85 Specificity of opsonic antibodies to enhance phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by human alveolar macrophages; Reynolds HY et al.; These studies compared the ability of specific secretory IgA (sIgA) and IgG antibodies to promote phagocytosis of viable pseudomonas aeruginosa by human alveolar macrophages . Macrophages were obtained by lung lavage of normal adult smoker and nonsmoker volunteers and were maintained as in vitro cell monolayers . Both immune sIgA and IgG agglutinating antibodies were demonstrated to coat and opsonize viable bacteria, whereas similar nonimmune immunoglobulin preparations did not . When alveolar macrophages were challenged with viable opsonized 14C-labeled Pseudomonas IgG-reacted bacteria were ingested better and killed more readily than sIgA-opsonized organisms . Phagocytic responses were not significantly different between macrophages obtained from smokers and nonsmokers . Although sIgA and IgG antibodies can be found in respiratory secretions and both are undoubtedly important in pulmonary host defense, IgG opsonic antibody was superior in enhancing the uptake of Pseudomonas by in vitro-cultured alveolar macrophages . It may be the more important respiratory antibody for certain bacterial infections. Infect Immun, 1975 Aug, 12(2), 318 - 23 Antigenic heterogeneity among pyocins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Allen JC et al.; We investigated the effect of FeSO4 on phagocytosis-associated, increased oxidative metabolism via the hexose monophosphate shunt, with special attention to its effect on H2O2 levels . The availability of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase for H2O2 disposal and hexose monophosphate shunt stimulation also are evaluated . The results show an impairment of phagocytosis-associated hexose monophosphate shunt activity together with an increase both of resting and phagocytosing formate oxidation . These apparently paradoxical findings are resolved by demonstrating a direct enhancement of formate oxidation by FeSO4 in a cell-free system . In addition, measurement of H2O2 concentrations via scopoletin fluorescence shows reduction of H2O2 by FeSO4 . There is no effect on either glutathione peroxidase or glutathione reductase activities . These data suggest that one mechanism of FeSO4 impairment of microbicidal activity is by its removal of H2O2. J Biochem (Tokyo), 1975 Jul, 78(1), 213 - 23 Preferential inhibition of lipid synthesis by the bacteriocin pyocin S2; Okawa I et al.; The effects of pyocin S2, a bacteriocin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain M47, on several processes in susceptible bacterium have been examined . Lipid synthesis, measured in terms of {32P}phosphate, {14C}acetate or {2-3H}glycerol incorporation into lipid fractions, was halted almost completely soon after pyocin S2 addition . When cell suspensions were treated with various amounts of pyocin S2, the extent of inhibition of lipid synthesis was proportional to the ratio of killed bacteria . Protein synthesis was not essential for the inhibition . Degradation of lipid due to pyocin S2 was not detected . Pyocin S2 also affected protein and nucleic acid syntheses, but these inhibitions appeared with a delay of about 10 min after the cessation of lipid synthesis . The effect of trypsin {EC 3.4.21.4} on the viability of cells which had adsorbed pyocin S2 was also investigated: the cells went through a period when the destruction of pyocin S2 by trypsin restored the colony-forming ability of the cells (stage I) . Then transition to a second state in which the cells lost viability irrespective of trypsin treatment (stage II) took place . The transition from stage I to stage II depended on the energy metabolism of the cells and followed first-order kinetics with a rate proportional to the number of killing units of adsorbed pyocin S2 . The residual capacity for lipid synthesis in cells which had adsorbed pyocin S2 after trypsin treatment at various times indicated that lipid synthesis was inhibited only in the cells at stage II of pyocin S2 action. Biochem J, 1975 Jul, 149(1), 93 - 106 Studies of polysaccharide fractions from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C . 1999; Drewry DT et al.; Two polymeric water-soluble fractions were isolated by gel filtration after mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C . 1999 . The fraction of higher molecular weight retained the O-antigenic specificity of the lipopolysaccharide and may be 'side-chain' material . This fraction was rich in N (about 10%) and gave several basic amino compounds on acid hydrolysis; fucosamine (at least 2.8% w/w) was the only specifc component identified . The fraction of lower molecular weight was a phosphorylated polysaccharide apparently corresponding to 'core' material . The major components of this fraction and their approximate molar proportions were: glucose (3-4); rhamnose (1); heptose (2); 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid (1); galactosamine (1); alanine (1-1.5); phosphorus (6-7) . In the intact lipopolysaccharide this fraction was probably linked to lipid A via a second residue of 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid, and probably also contained additional phosphate residues and ethanolamine . The residues of 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid were apparently substituted in the C-4 or C-5 position, and the phosphorylated heptose residues in the C-3 position . The rhamnose was mainly 2-substituted, though a little 3-substitution was detected . The glucose residues were either unsubstituted or 6-substituted . Four neutral oligosaccharides were produced by partial acid hydrolysis and were characterized by chemical, enzymic, chromatographic and mass-spectrometric methods of analysis . The structures assigned were: Glcpalpha1-6Glc; Glcpbeta1-2Rha; Rhapalpha1-6Glc; Glcpbeta1-2Rhapalpha1-6Glc . The galactosamine was substituted in the C-3 or C-4 position, the attachment of alanine was indicated, and evidence that the amino sugar linked the glucose-rhamnose region to the 'inner core' was obtained. Zentralbl Bakteriol {Orig B}, 1975 Jul, 160(4-5), 368 - 91 {A comparison of the results of 4 national methods for the evaluation of disinfectants in 2 laboratories (author's transl)}; Werner HP et al.; At present the testing and assessment of disinfectants is carried out according to different methods in different countries . The result of this is that certain preparations or concentrations are allowed for use in some countries while they are not in neighbouring countries . A study was carried out jointly at two universities with the object of testing the reproducibility of these methods and standardizing them . Furthermore, an attempt was to be made to arrive at common test methods . In 2 labortories (A,B) we tested and compared the disinfectant activity of three disinfectant standards (phenol, aldehyde, iodophor) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1) in the suspension test according to the "Richtlinien fur die Prufung chemischer Desinfektionsmittel" (Directions governing the testing of chemical disinfectants) of the DGHM, (2) in the suspension test of the "Dutch Commission for Phytopharmacy," (3) according to the "Use-Dilution Method" of the A.O.A.C . and (4) in the capacity test according to KELSEY and SYKES . Every individual test was repeated ten times . In addition we determined the reproducibility of the results by repeating the tests several times with one and the same culture and with different cultures (on different days) . The exact method is described elsewhere (7) . The statistical evaluation of the mean values (Tables 1,3,5 and 7) and variances (Tables 2,4,6 and 8) leads to the following findings: The results obtained with the various methods depend on the lab . technique and were specific to the germs and preparations tested . The reproducibility was best in the DGHM suspension test and the capacity test according to KELSEY and SYKES; the mean values of the two laboratories were closest for the Dutch test of the Commission of Phytopharmacy . The greatest mean value differences and scatter were observed with the A.O.A.C . "Use-Dilution Method." The conclusion of this investigation is that for the preliminary testing of disinfectants a method should be recommended which enables the determination of the acturl germ count reduction after varying periods of action and with well-defined organic challenge . In order to assess the disinfectant action, however, such a test - which answers most of our questions and has optimum reproducibility - must be supplemented by main tests which simulate practical conditions as near as possible. Transfusion, 1975 Jul-Aug, 15(4), 363 - 7 The fate of bacteria introduced into whole blood from which platelet concentrates were prepared and stored at 22 or 4C; Kahn RA et al.; Bacteria were intentionally introduced into units of whole blood . Platelet concentrates (PC) which were made from these units were stored at either room temperature (22 C) or at 4 C . In order to isolate small numbers of bacteria from a PC (i.e., 1 to 10 organisms per ml), substantial contamination (42 to 125 organisms per ml) of the whole blood was required . If the PC were stored at room temperature, all organisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was apparently killed, grew out of control within 48 hours . Storage of PC at 4 C resulted in the general maintenance of bacterial numbers . Since gross contamination of PC has only occasionally been reported, we conclude that past reports of modest contamination of platelet concentrates are primarily sampling artifacts. J Wildl Dis, 1975 Jul, 11(3), 325 - 9 Nodular suppurative cutaneous cellulitis in a Galapagos sea lion; Rand CS; Necropsy was performed on a sea lion (Zalophus californianus wollebaeki), sacrificed in an advanced (pre-terminal) stage of disease, possibly represenatative of the Galapagos epizootic of 1970-71 . Predominant features of the disease were nonumbilicated multiple suppurative cutaneous nodules, debilitation and loss of motor power . Histopathological studies of the skin lesions disclosed suppurative cellulitis, with leucocytic invasion extending, in some instances, to all layers of the epidermis . Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from cultures of blood and pus. J Clin Pharmacol, 1975 Jul, 15(7), 518 - 24 Concentrations of gentamicin in bronchial secretions after intramuscular and endotracheal administration; Odio W et al.; A crossover study was performed in five adult tracheotomized patients without respiratory tract disease to investigate the tracheobronchial kinetics of intramuscularly and endotracheally administered gentamicin in the absence of infection . Although intramuscular injection of 2 mg/kg of gentamicin yielded adequate levels in the serum, the concentrations in the bronchial secretions of noninfected patients were not adequate to inhibit strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from other patients with clinical infections . Conversely, endotracheally administered gentamicin resulted in high and sustained concentrations in the bronchial secretions that were many times superior to the minimum bactericidal concentration of gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Gentamicin administered by aerosols resulted in concentrations within the bronchial secretions and sputum that were adequate to kill more than 90 per cent of the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in this hosopital . These studies suggest that endotracheally administered gentamicin might prove to be an adequate adjunct for the treatment of severe Pseudomonas infection of the tracheobronchial tract, particularly in the absence of foreight bodies and abnormalities of structure or function. Can J Microbiol, 1975 Jul, 21(7), 1055 - 7 Contamination of shellfish with strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and specific bacteriophages; Denis FA; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its corresponding bacteriophages were sought in oysters and mussels throughout 1973 . Forty-eight percent of the oysters and 74% of the mussels examined during the last half of the year contained P . aeruginosa; serotype P3 was predominant . The percentage of oysters contaminated by bacteriophages active on P . aeruginosa increased throughout the year, from 0 to 4% between January and May to 69% in November . We were unable to establish a significant relationship between the presence of the bacterium and that of its specific bacteriophages in the shellfish. Z Naturforsch {C}, 1975 Jul-Aug, 30(4), 438 - 41 Determination of the isotope effect of the enzymatic oxidation of (R)Carnitine by displacement of the equilibrium via mass action; Brendel K et al.; An isotope effect of the dehydrogenation of (R) Carnitine {(R) 3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyric acid hydrochloride} catalyzed by (R) carnitine dehydrogenase {(R) carnitine: NAD oxidoreductase E.C . 1.1.1.108} from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was measured at different temperatures . It was found that k1H/k3H does not vary greatly with changes of temperature . The value of 3 for k1H/k3H measured at small initial conversions strongly indicated that the rate limiting step of the oxidation of (R) carnitine is the cleavage of the C-H bond at C3. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1975 Jul, 28(7), 530 - 6 Synthesis of aminotrideoxybutirosin A, a chemically modified antibiotic active against butirosin-resistant bacteria; Saeki H et al.; 5"-Amino-3',4'5"-trideoxybutirosin A (4) was synthesized by two routes starting from the known tri-O-acetyl-tetra-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3",5"-O-cyclohexylidene-3',4'-di-O-mesylbutirosin A (5) . Introduction of amino function at C-5" was carried out by displacement of 5"-tosyloxy group with sodium azide either before or after 3',4'-deoxygenation . Compound 4 shows outstanding activities against strains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli which are highly resistant to butirosin and 5"-amino-5"-deoxybutirosin A (2). J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1975 Jul, 28(7), 522 - 9 5"-Amino-3',4',5"-trideoxybutirosin A, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic; Woo PW; 5"-Amino-3',4',5"-trideoxybutirosin A (IX) was synthesized through a reaction series starting from 5"-amino-5"-deoxybutirosin A (Ic), the key step being the treatment of its tetra-O-acetylpentakis-N-((phenylemthoxy)carbonyl)-3',4'-bis-O-(methylsulfonyl) derivative (VI) with zince-sodium iodide . Compound IX inhibits enhanced antibacterial activities, including strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli which are highly resistant to Ic, butirosin or gentamicin. Infect Immun, 1975 Jul, 12(1), 180 - 6 Interaction of hepatitis B surface antigen (Australia antigen) with membrane vesicles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Weng LK et al.; A lysogenic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from the dialysis fluid of a patient on chronic hemodialysis treatment whose blood contained hepatitis B surface antigen (HB8Ag) . When this bacterium was incubated for 4 to 7 days with serum containing HB8Ag or with purified HB8Ag, a loss of the HB8Ag-specific immunological reactivity was observed . Bacteriophages can be induced from the isolated P . aeruginosa with mitomycin C; the phages, after purification on CsCl gradients, also lyse P . aeruginosa strain 25102 (ATCC) . Subsequent to gradient centrifugation of the lysate, a fraction was found with a density around 1.40 g/ml that inactivated HB8Ag after a 4-h incubation at 37 C as determined by counterelectrophoresis and hemagglutination inhibition . The activity was not found in appreciable amounts in other gradient fractions . The electron microscope shows that the active fraction contains envelope vesicles of 45 to 60 nm in diameter . In spite of their loss in HB8Ag activity, the HB8Ag particles (22nm) appeared morphologically intact . These findings suggest that an enzyme(s) is present in the vesicle fraction which inactivates antigenic determinants on HB8Ag particles . Thus, the presence of these bacteria in environments such as feces, dialysis tanks, and contaminated drinking water may prevent the detection of HB8Ag. Wien Klin Wochenschr, 1975 Jun 27, 87(13), 424 - 7 {Hospital infection by e coli 0111: b4 and pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)}; Breitfellner G et al.; An endemic hospital infection caused by E . coli 0111:B4 together with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in a county hospital over the period October 1973 till January 1974, which could not be brought under control by routine preventive measures against cross-infections established on the wards . By hospital sanitary examinations the waste water in the sinks and the hand-basins in some rooms of the newborn nursing wards were identified as sources . Their elimination by taking apart the sinks and placing the detached parts in 4% formalin solution for 2 hours, as well as disinfecting the basins also with a 4% formalin solution for 24 hours terminated the hospital infection . Some sporadic carriers of E . coli 0111:B4 among the newborn infants of the involved wards had been previously identified and could also be traced subsequently; hence, it may be concluded that the introduction of E . coli 0111:B4, which seems to be endemic in Vorarlberg, was due to patients or personnel . Voluntary submission to control investigations of the stool and appropirate treatment of the entire staff, involved in the infection, with strict routine surveillance of hand disinfection prior to washing seem to be justified by the successful results of these procedures . High risk of infection in newborn infants and babies, the special situation of an intensive care unit, as well as the combined appearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enteritis coli from a source as an additional complication were the causes of this hospital infection. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1975 Jun 24, 391(2), 422 - 34 Purification and partial characterization of a collagenolytic enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Carrick L Jr et al.; A proteinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibiting collagenolytic activity was purified 1575-fold with a recovery of 24% by use of chemical and chromatographic technics . The enzyme preparation appeared to be homogeneous when subjected to chromatographic, electrophoretic and ultracentrifugational analyses . A standard state sedimentation coefficient of 2.10 S was calculated and further analyses indicated that the enzyme had a molecular weight of 17 500 and dimerizes under certain conditions to yield an apparent molecular weight of 34 000 . In addition to insoluble collagen, the enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of congocoll, azocoll, soluble collagen and casein, but did not attack orcein-elastin, azoalbumin, p-toluene eulfonyl-L-arginine methyl ester, benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester, and the hexapeptide N-benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl-L-prolyglycylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-alanine . Enzymatic activity against congocoll was 6-fold greater at pH 7.5 in Tris with HCl than in phosphate buffer at the same ionic strength . Cobalt, and to a lesser extent, Zn2+ appeared to activate the enzyme, especially in phosphate buffer . NcCN and p-chloromercuribenzoate did not appreciably inhibit enzyme activity, while (NH4)2 SO4, EDTA and cysteine displayed a significant inhibitory effect under certain conditions. Jpn J Exp Med, 1975 Jun, 45(3), 207 - 13 Combination therapy of anti-endotoxin antibody and gentamicin in the immunosuppressed mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection; Haranaka K et al.; Therapeutic effect of anti-endotoxin antibody in combination with or without an antibiotic, gentamicin, was studied in DD-strain mice experimentally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Mice were treated by various immunosuppressive agents such as 60Co irradiation, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine or cortisone acetate prior to infection . Anti-endotoxin antibody was made in mice by immunization with original endotoxin protein (OEP) . F(ab')2 fragment of IgG prepared from pooled immune sera was administered intravenously without side effects . Large dose of the antibody resulted in remarkable therapeutic effect even in absence of the antibiotic . Small dose of the antibody enhanced the therapeutic effect of gentamicin . Differential effect of the immunosuppressants for T and B lymphocyte populations was examined by anti-theta cytotoxicity test . Resistance of DD-strain mice to P . aeruginosa infection was not related to these lymphocyte population changes. J Clin Microbiol, 1975 Jun, 1(6), 521 - 6 Serotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas; Zierdt CH et al.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (173) from 144 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) of the pancreas in seven hospitals were serotyped with the agglutination systems of Homma (1974) and Fisher et al . (1969) . The two systems were complementary . Strains from CF patients were much less likely to furnish a stable type on repetitive typing tests than strains from other patients . This was related to the frequent occurrence of mucoid P . aeruginosa strains . The 173 strains were divided among 11 Homma serotypes . A single Homma type (type 8) capable of mucoid growth comprised 104 (60%) CF strains . Eight serotypes were detected in 77 strains from 48 CF patients in one hospital; three strains were detected in one hospital CF unit; and two strains were detected in each of five hospital CF units . The CF serotype comprised from 50 to 93% of CF strians inthe seven hospitals . These P . aeruginosa strains dissociated in vivo as judged by mucoid and nonmucoid colonies on primary culture plates and continued to dissociate during subcultures . Both colony type were the same serotype . The tendency to regard colonial phenotypes (mucoid, nonmucoid, rough) as separate strians was erroneous . Repetitive typing with the two systems gave better results than a single system . The mucoid P . aeruginosa strain is probably spread from patient to patient, rather than acquiring its mucoid characteristic de novo in the CF patient . It is not known why the mucoid CF strain has a peculiar predilection for CF patients, nor why it generally loses the quality in culture but retains it indefinitely in the patient. Appl Microbiol, 1975 Jun, 29(6), 722 - 5 Degradation of benzothiophene and related compounds by a soil Pseudomonas in an oil-aqueous environment; Sagardia F et al.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa PRG-1, an isolate from oil-contaminated soil, degrades benzothiophene (BT) and other related compounds in a 5% oil-basal medium system . The organism cannot grow on BT alone; 0.05% yeast extract is a suitable substrate for its growth and for its attack on BT . Although BT is partially toxic to the bacteria, toxicity is reduced when BT is added in this oil system . The oil phase is emulsified by bacterial action during the process . Oxygen uptake studies with washed cell suspensions show increased respiration in the presence of BT . Endogenous respiration is markedly decreased by p-hydroxy-mercuribenzoate, whereas respiration due to BT is scarcely affected, suggesting that oxygen is added directly to BT . Results obtained both in direct degradation and in respiration studies indicate that 3-methyl-thiophene is more rapidly and extensively degraded than BT and other related compounds. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand {B}, 1975 Jun, 83(3), 257 - 74 Epidemiological markers for Pseudomonas aeruginosa . 5 . Subdivision by interative numerical analysis of isolates according to lysotypes; Bergan T et al.; A computer-based numerical approach to the allocation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriphage patterns has been presented . This rendered a usefule identification of similar phage types . The grouping had epidemiological relevance . Grouping of phage typing patterns of P . aeruginosa by numerical analysis showed that the patterns of related isolations may differ in one strong lysotype reaction, occasionally even in more reactions . Thus parallels previous findings which have been based on studies of the reproducibility of the method and evaluations of differences in epidemiologically related strains from the same sources. J Hyg (Lond), 1975 Jun, 74(3), 419 - 30 An immunological study of the pili of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Bradley DE et al.; An attempt was made to correlate serological relationships determined by the pili, the flagella and the O-somatic antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to make a preliminary assessment of use of the pilus antigen as an epidemiological marker . A method is described for the preparation of antiserum specific for the "normal' PSA pili of P . aeruginosa . A high titre of pilus antibodies was obtained by immunizing rabbits with mutants whose pili had lost their ability to retract into the cell . The "normal' form of the organism, with retractile pili, was poorly agglutinated by high-titre anti-pilus serum, but suspensions of it that had been treated with osmium tetroxide showed greatly increased agglutinability . Antibody labelling for electron microscopy was used to determine the serological relations of pili and of flagella for P . aeruginosa strains belonging to different serological groups as defined by O-somatic antigens . The distribution of pilar and flagellar antigens among strains was not correlated with the O-somatic serotype . A strain of P . aeruginosa carrying a drug-resistance plasmid had fewer "normal' PSA pili than the background strain. Can J Microbiol, 1975 Jun, 21(6), 877 - 83 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide: an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation; Greer GG et al.; The addition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCIIR LPS to respiring mitochondria stimulated the rate of substrate oxidation, reduced the respiratory control ratio, stimulated oxygen uptake in state 4, and released the inhibition imposed upon state 3 by atractyloside . It was concluded that LPS acted as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and that it produced effects similar to those observed with the classical uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol. Laryngoscope, 1975 Jun, 85(6), 1076 - 83 Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis following stapedectomy; Clairmont AA et al.; Meningitis is a rare complication following stapedectomy . Most cases are preceeded by a fistula in the oval window . Although fatalities have been reported, most cases respond to parenteral and intrathecal antibiotics if diagnosed and treated early . Gram-positive organisms are the usual pathogens, but Gram-negative organisms may be found, especially as a superinfection following antibiotics administered prophylacticly or for the treatment of otitis media or mastoiditis . A case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis five weeks after stapedectomy, successfully treated with gentamicin, is reported . The discussion included the diagnosis of post-stapedectomy fistula and meningitis and current trends in treatment. Ann Thorac Surg, 1975 Jun, 19(6), 698 - 703 Surgical treatment of primary sternal osteomyelitis; Mir-Sepasi MH et al.; Four patients with primary sternal osteomyelitis are described . Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the infective organism . Three of the 4 were heroin addicts . Limited surgical resection with preservation of the posterior periodteum is recommended for an infected sternum . Postoperative antibiotic therapy for a period of six weeks is also recommended . Preservation of the posterior sternal periosteum rather than conventional radical excision is important for maintaining physical stability and avoiding chest wall deformity in the group of patients. Ann Intern Med, 1975 Jun, 82(6), 819 - 31 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: persisting problems and current research to find new therapies; Determination of site of infection in endocarditis; Medical-surgical treatment of antibiotic refractory endocarditis requires determination of the site of infection, which is not always possible with conventional cardiac catheterization . The cases of two patients with right-sided endocarditis who survived after combined medical-surgical therapy are presented . One had persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia and three possible sites of infection . Multiple quantitative blood cultures proximal and distal to each suspected site indicated the pulmonary valve alone was infected . The second had sustained bacteremia with three enteric organisms and no apparent valvular abnormality . Quantitative cultures excluded the abdomen as the continuing source of bacteremia and suggested the tricuspid valve was infected . This was confirmed by a second catheterization using multiple cultures in conjuction with dye dilution studies, intracardiac phonocardiography, and angiography . These bacteriologic and cardiologic techniques may be especially useful in detecting right-sided endocarditis and may also be helpful in detecting concomitant infection of both sides of the heart. J Infect Dis, 1975 Jun, 131(6), 717 - 21 Efficacy of modified human immune serum globulin in the treatment of experimental murine infections with seven immunotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Davis SD; Modified immune serum globulin, prepared from human immune serum globulin by a nonenzymatic method, is apparently safe for intravenous administration to humans . The efficacy of the preparation was determined in experimental murine infections with seven immunotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Intravenously administered 0.85 percent NaCl, 0.3 m glycine, and 10 percent human albumin did not protect against lethal pseudomonas infection, whereas modified immune serum globulin given by the same route did protect mice . In the mouse protection test, the mean dose of the preparation that saved 50 percent of mice infected with any of eight strains of P . aeruginosa was 480 mg/kg (range, 12-2,333 mg/kg) . For five strains the 50 percent effective dose was smaller than 200 mg/kg . There was no correlation between the efficacy of modified immune serum globulin in the mouse protection test and titers of antibody, as determined by bacterial agglutination . Therapy of pseudomonas infection in mice with modified immune serum globulin was followed by a prompt and persistent decrease in the numbers of intraperitoneal bacteria . This finding is consistent with the interpretation that modified immune serum globulin acts primarily as an opsonin and not as an antitoxin . Modified immune serum globulin may prove to be useful in the treatment of human infections. J Infect Dis, 1975 Jun, 131(6), 688 - 91 Experimental studies of the pathogenesis of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: description of a burned mouse model; Stieritz DD et al.; An experimental burned mouse model is described that is clinically relevant to burn wound sepsis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Mice subjected to a nonlethal burn by flame were challenged with P . aeruginosa . The LD50 after subcutaneous injection in the skin of the burn up to 24 hr after the burn was smaller than 10 organisms vs . 10-6 organisms in normal animals . By three days after the burn, the value returned to and exceeded that of normal animals . This dramatic change in the LD50 after the burn was not seen when mice were challenged with other organisms . Challenge with P . aeruginosa by different routes immediately after burning showed less dramatic decreases in the LD50 . Enumeration of infecting organisms in the skin of the burn and in major organs suggests the possibility of a toxic event. J Bacteriol, 1975 Jun, 122(3), 799 - 809 Dual role for N-2-acetylornithine 5-aminotransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in arginine biosynthesis and arginine catabolism; Voellmy R et al.; In Pseudomonas aeruginosa N-2-acetylornithine 5-aminotransferase (ACOAT), the fourth enzyme of arginine biosynthesis is induced about 15-fold by cultivating the organism on a medium with L-arginine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source . Synthesis of the enzyme is subject to catabolite repression and nitrogen source . Synthesis of the enzyme is subject to catabolite repression by a variety of carbon sources . ACOAT from strain PAO 1 was purified over 40-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity . A molecular weight of approximately 110,000 was obtained by thin-layer gel filtration . Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels gave a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 55,000 . Purified ACOAT catalyzes the transamination of N-2-acetyl-L-ornithine as well as of L-ornithine with 2-oxoglutarate (Km values of 1.1, 10.0, and 0.7 mM, respectively) . With N-2-acetyl-L-ornithine as amino donor, the pH-optimum of the enzymatic reaction is 8.5; with L-ornithine as amino donor, 9.5 . The catalytic properties of ACOAT as well as the regulation of its synthesis indicate that in P . aeruginosa this enzyme functions in the biosynthesis as well as in the catabolism of L-arginine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1975 Jun, 72(6), 2284 - 8 NAD-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin,; Iglewski BH et al.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin (PA toxin) inhibits protein synthesis in a reticulocyte cell-free system . The inhibition requires NAD and results in a block at an elongation step of polypeptide assembly . PA toxin was found to act like diphtheria toxin fragment A . Both toxins catalyze the transfer of radioactivity from nicotinamide(U-14-C)adenine dinucleotide ((14-C)NAD) into covalent linkage with the 100,000 dalton elongation (EF-2) protein . Furthermore, in the presence of a limiting amount of EF-2, excess toxin, and (14-C)NAD, the two toxins were non-additive in the amount of label transferred to EF-3 . Unlike free fragment A of diphtheria toxin, the enzymatic activity of PA toxin is heat labile and neutralizable with antibody to PA toxin but not with antibody to fragment A . Although PA and diphtheria toxins have different cellular specificities and molecular properties and produce different clinical symptoms, their intracellular mechanisms of action appear to be identical. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1975 Jun, 28(6), 442 - 7 Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferases I and II in Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Matsuhashi Y et al.; Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferases I and II in three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied in comparison with those in two strains of R factor-carrying Escherichia coli . The strain TI-13 of P . aeruginosa produced the former and strain H-9 the latter . Strain B-13 produced the both enzymes . The 3'-phosphotransferases of type I in P . aeruginosa TI-13, B-13 and E . coli K12 J5 R11-2 were different from each other in chromatographic behavior, molecular weight, pH optimum, and Ii . The 3'-phosphotransferase of type II in P . aeruginosa H-9 and E . coli JR66/W677 showed the same behavior. Biochemistry, 1975 May 6, 14(9), 1921 - 29 Homogeneity and variability in the structure of azurin molecules studied by fluorescence decay and circular polarization; Grinvald A et al.; The fluorescence decay of apoazurin derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is monoexponential . By this criterion the population of molecules of apoazurin is homogeneous . The emission anisotropy factor and the absorption anisotropy factor at the red edge of the absorption band assume similar values, showing that the tryptophan residue in apoazurin has the same asymmetric environment both in the ground and excited states . This finding suggests tight packing of the protein at the tryptophan environment . Native azurin does not decay monoexponentially . Moreover, comparison between the quantum yield calculated from the decay kinetics and the one measured directly shows that the majority of the azurin molecules are not fluorescent . There is thus variability in the structure of azurin molecules with an equilibration time that is longer than the fluorescence lifetime . Different asymmetric environment was found for the tryptophan residue in oxidized and reduced holoprotein and in apoazurin, as studied by the circular polarization of the fluorescence . D(2)O increases the fluorescence lifetime of apoazurin by 6 percent, compared to the lifetime in H(2)O solution; therefore water molecules may have access to the tryptophan residue, though the latter is situated in a hydrophobic environment. J Gen Microbiol, 1975 May, 88(1), 49 - 57 Transfer of antibiotic resistance plasmid RP1 into Pseudomonas glycinea and Pseudomonas phaseolicola in vitro and in planta; Lacy GH et al.; The wide host-range antibiotic resistance plasmid RP1 was transferred from Pseudomonas aeruginosa via Escherichia coli into Pseudomonas glycinea . The plasmid was then acquired by Pseudomonas phaseolicla both in vitro and in planta in Phaseolus limensis leaves and pods . This was the first step in the design of a model system to determine the possible epidemiological significance of antibiotic resistance plasmids in the control of plant disease. Appl Microbiol, 1975 May, 29(5), 621 - 5 Microbial degradation of polyethylene glycols; Haines JR et al.; Mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraethylene glycols and polyethylene glycols (PEG) with molecular weight up to 20,000 were degraded by soil microorganisms . A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa able to use a PEG of average molecular weight 20,000 was isolated from soil . Washed cells oxidized mono- and tetraethylene glycols, but O2 consumption was not detectable when such cells were incubated for short periods with PEG 20,000 . However, the bacteria excreted an enzyme which converted low- and high-molecular-weight PEG to a product utilized by washed P . aeruginosa cells . Gas chromatography of the supernatant of a culture grown on PEG 20,000 revealed the presence of a compound co-chromatographing with diethylene glycol . A metabolite formed from PEG 20,000 by the extracellular enzyme preparation was identified as ethylene glycol by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Med Microbiol, 1975 May, 8(2), 225 - 33 Classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa O antigens by immunoelectrophoresis; Lanyi B et al.; Heated saline extracts of 89 strains, and (1) supernates of phenol-water extracts (L1 fractions), (2) purified lipopolysaccharide, (3) trichloracetic-acid (TCA) extracts, and (4) sodium-hydroxide extracts of 23 strains representing all Pseudomonas aeruginosa O antigens were subjected electrophoresis . Precipitation lines obtained with homologous and heterologous antisera were evaluated by electrodensitometric measurement . The characteristics of the immunoelectrophoretic groups established were as follows . Group I: two lines running at different rates towards the anode; three subgroups on the basis of the behaviour of alkali-treated antigens . Group II: triple line at the starting well, alkali sensitive . Group III: triple line at the starting well, alkali resistant; two subgroups according to reactivity or non-reactivity of L1 fractions . Group IV: triple line on the cathode side, alkali resistant, L1 fraction non-reactive . Group V: single line on the anode side, alkali sensitive, L1 fraction and TCA extract non-reactive . O antigens identified by agglutination corresponded closely with the immunoelectrophoretic pattern: strains with identical O antigens or sharing major somatic components fell, with one exception, into the same immunoelectrophoretic group. Am J Med, 1975 May, 58(5), 629 - 36 Use of a Pseudomonas Aeruginosa vaccine in pateints with acute leukemia and cystic fibrosis; Pennington JE et al.; A heptavalent lipopolysaccharide Pseudomonas vaccine was evaluated in 22 patients with acute leukemia and 12 patients with cystic fibrosis during an 18 month interval at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health . Of the 34 patients, 32 had an excellent serum hemagglutinating (HA) antibody response to immunization . In comparison to the patients with cystic fibrosis, the patients with leukemia had a smaller HA antibody response, which lasted a shorter period of time, and also experienced greater toxicity from the vaccine . The mixing of adrenal corticosteroids with vaccine greatly decreased side reactions among the patients with leukemia without significantly inhibiting antibody production . Previous antineoplastic chemotherapy had little influence on antibody response in patients with leukemia, with the exception of methortrexate . Vaccinated patients with leukemia had 1 Pseudomonas infection of 14 bacterial or fungal infections, whereas 2 pseudomonas infections of 5 bacterial or fungal infections occurred in a control group of 20 patients with acute leukemia . Of the 12 patients with cystic fibrosis, 4 had a Pseudomonas infection after vaccination. Can J Microbiol, 1975 May, 21(5), 613 - 18 Hydrogen cyanide, a secondary metabolite of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Castric PA; Seventy-four of 110 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested produced detectable amounts of HCN from growth in 2% peptone or nutrient agar . Of the 25 species of12 bacterial and fungal genera tested, other than P . aeruginosa, only P . fluorescens and P . polycolor gave positive HCN tests . Cyanide is produced after cessation of active growth . Iron was stimulatory to cyanogenesis in concentration above 1 muM, while copper, zinc, cobalt, and manganese at concentrations of 20 muM had no effect . Cyanogenesis id dependent on the temperature of incubation within ranges which allow complete growth . Inorganic phosphate in concentrations between 90 and 300 mM allows growth but inhibits HCN production . Growth of cells anaerobically, using nitrate as the electron acceptor, results in low cyanide yields, which can be partially reversed by subsequent aerobic incubation . These results indicate that HCN is a secondary metabolite of P . aeruginosa. Jpn J Exp Med, 1975 Apr, 45(2), 89 - 100 In vivo studies on protease and elastase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Kawaharajo K et al.; Protease and elastase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inoculated in female mice by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrapleural and intranasal route, and the lethality and damage of various organs were examined . The protease and elastase exhibited respectively the following minimum lethal dose (MLD) values in 24 hr; 300 and 375 mug inoculated intravenously; 200 and 125-250 mug intraperitoneally; and 100 and 62.5 mug intrapleurally . The instillation of a defined dose of the enzyme by the intranasal route was difficult to control, therefore the MLD could not be defined exactly . The protease and elastase were capable of eliciting hemorrhage at various organs of mice according to the route of inoculation . Of protease, intravenous injections elicited petechial hemorrhage at the lungs and parietal bone-area, and severe one in the medullary area of kidney . The intraperitoneal injection resulted in petechial hemorrhage of the lungs, diaphragm, peritoneum and gastrointestinal serosa . Intrapleural injections and intranasal instillation resulted in confluent pulmonary hemorrhage . Of elastase, intravenous injections elicited confluent pulmonary hemorrhage, hemorrhage in the medullary area of kidney and cerebral ventricles, and petechial hemorrhage at the stomach-walls . The intraperitoneal injections resulted in petechial hemorrhage at the lungs, diaphragm, peritoneum and gastointestinal serosa . Intrapleural injections resulted in confluent pulmonary hemorrhage, and petechiae at the diaphragm and pleura . Intranasal instillation resulted in confluent pulmonary hemorrhage. Jpn J Exp Med, 1975 Apr, 45(2), 79 - 88 Effects of protease and elastase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on skin; Kawaharajo K et al.; Protease and elastase were inoculated intracutaneously in rabbits, the process of which was followed . Of the enzymes, 50 mug caused circumscribed hemorrhage at the inoculated local and subcutaneous part, and ulcerating lesions of skin and extensive hemorrhagic lesion at the subcutaneous tissues were observed in the case of inoculation with 250 mug . The doses amounting to 500 to 1000 mug of the enzymes caused extensively ulcerating, necrotic lesions at the skin and extensive hemorrhage at the subcutaneous tissue, and a large amount of hemorrhage was observed in the abdomen . It was observed microscopically that cellular infiltration and hemorrhage in the subcutaneous tissue and muscular layer were caused by administration of 2 to 10 mug of the enzymes, and that degeneration of endothelial cells was caused by 2 mug of them. Z Erkr Atmungsorgane, 1975 Apr, 143(1), 66 - 9 {Investigations of cellular defense mechanism against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mucoviscidosis (author's transl)}; Bohme B; In the bronchial secretion of patients with mucoviscidosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa besides Staphylococci can be isolated very often . The part of disturbances in the cellular defense mechanisms was investigated by the stimulation of the nitroblue-tetrazolium-reduction after in vitro-incubation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . In mucoviscidosis no selective deficiency in the defense of phagocyting cells of the peripheral blood could be found by these examinations, representing only one step of the intracellular destroying of bacteria. Immun Infekt, 1975 Apr, 3(2), 79 - 85 {In vitro experiments on the working of combinations of gentamicin and beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudonomas aeruginosa (author's transl)}; Ullmann U; The M.B.C.'s of gentamicin and carbenicillin against Pseudonomas aeruginosa NCTC 10490 were measured under controlled conditions using a Biophotometer . The M.B.C . of gentamicin was 15 mug/ml but even in a concentration of 1,000 mug/ml carbenicillin was not bactericidal . In further experiments, subinhibitory concentrations of gentamicin (1 mug/ml) together with varying concentrations of carbenicillin were added to a log phase culture of the organism . Under these conditions the M.B.C . of carbenicillin was now 6 mug/ml . In tube dilution test the M.B.C . of carbenicillin alone was 15.6 mug/ml and for gentamicin 3.9 mug/ml . The M.B.C.'s of other beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin G and cephalothin) were four to five times as great as for carbenicillin whereas that for ticarcillin was identical . Parallel to the "multiplication inhibition" test in the Biophotometer we investigated 51 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa freshly isolated from clinical material . Their M.B.C.'s were determined in tube dilution tests against doubling dilutions of beta-lactam antibiotics, with and without the addition of 1 mug/ml gentamicin . With this concentration of gentamicin, the M.B.C.'s of carbenicillin and ticarcillin were considerably lower than for these substances alone . In comparison to carbenicillin, ticarcillin was more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Our findings indicate that for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections the combination of gentamicin with other beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin G and cephalothin) is to be avoided . But the combination of gentamicin with either carbenicillin or ticarcillin appeared to be effective. Jpn J Antibiot, 1975 Apr, 28(2), 166 - 74 {Studies on the therapeutic effects of lividomycin in respiratory infections (author's transl)}; Aoyagi T et al.; Therapeutic effects of lividomycin (LVDM) were studied in 33 patients with respiratory infections including pneumonia, lung abscess, chronic bronchitis, etc . LVDM was intramuscularly administered at the dose of 1 or 2 g per day for consecutive 4 to 25 days . The results obtained are summarized below: 1 . At the end of the first week of the treatment, rate of improvement in such parameters as cough, sputum, rales, fever and blood sedimentation rate were 69%, 56.7%, 60%, 79.2% and 70% respectively . Also, in 16% of the patients, abnormal shadow noted in X-ray film of the chest was disappeared and in 20% of the patients, size of the same was reduced during the first week of treatment . 2 . Therapeutic effects of LVDM were evaluated synthetically and were graded as excellent, good, fair and ineffective . LVDM was effective in about 70 per cent of the patients, that is, excellent results were obtained in 4 patients, good in 12 patients, fair in 6 patients, and in 10 patients this antibiotic was ineffective . 3 . In one patient with slight loss of high frequency perception was observed on the audiogram, but no other ototoxic effects such as subjective hearing loss, tinnitus, etc . In addition, no untoward effects on renal and hepatic function were observed . 4 . The MIC values of LVDM for clinically isolated 20 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined, using kanamycin for comparison . The MIC values of LVDM for many strains were superior to those of kanamycin . In view of the test results mentioned above, LVDM would appear to be useful medication for the treatment of some of respiratory infections. Am J Hosp Pharm, 1975 Apr, 32(4), 378 - 80 Effect of antibiotics and osmotic change on the release of endotoxin by bacteria retained on intravenous inline filters; Rusmin S et al.; A study was conducted on the effects of two antibiotics (gentamicin and carbenicillin) and of a sudden change from an isotonic to a hypotonic solution on the release of endotoxin by three gram-negative bacteria(Esherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) growing on a 0.22-mum pore size membrane filter . During a 72-hour constant flow of sterile lactated Ringers's solution through the contaminated filters, no endotoxin was released into the filtrates as tested by the coagulation of Limulus amebocyte lysate . However, flushing the filters with carbenicillin or gentamicin killed the bacteria and caused the release of endotoxin into the filtrates . A sudden osmotic change (flushing the filter with water) did not kill the bacteria nor cause the release of endotoxin into the filtrate. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 1975 Apr, 148(4), 1057 - 62 Experimental studies on hematogenously induced renal damage in the rabbit due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Cohen S et al.; Chronic systemic infections of rabbits were established by intravenous inoculation of 4 times 10-8 P . aeruginosa cells in order to study the sequence of events leading to severe kidney damage . Renal lesions were detected by the fifth- to seventh-day postinfection, as were lesions in the liver and lungs . Progressive azotemia led to death by the 12th-16th day . Lesions in the kidneys, lungs and liver were characterized terminally by intense mononuclear cell infiltrates, hemorrhage, and microabscess formation . Mononuclear cells also appeared to be the predominant responsive cell early in infection . There appeared to be no difference in the susceptibility to infection or severity of renal lesions between rabbits with surgically induced unilateral ureteral obstruction and nonobstructed rabbits. Appl Microbiol, 1975 Apr, 29(4), 527 - 31 Preliminary studies of fluorescent pseudomonads capable of growth at 41 C in swimming pool waters; Hoadley AW et al.; During the summer of 1973 cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other fluorescent pseudomonads capable of growth at 41 C were obtained from swimming pool waters at a training center for the mentally retarded . Isolates were subjected to selected physiological tests, pyocine typing, and immunotyping . High counts of P . aeruginosa or other fluorescent pseudomonads consisted mainly of single predominant types . Both P . aeruginosa strains and unidentified fluorescent Pseudomonas strains predominated in pool waters at different times. Am J Clin Pathol, 1975 Apr, 63(4), 502 - 8 Bacteremia and postmortem microbiology in burned children; Smith RF et al.; During a three-year period, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the organisms most commonly isolated from blood cultures of burned children . Microorganisms were considered to contribute to the cause of death in 17 of 20 patients who died from various complications of thermal injuries . Pseudomonas aeruginosa was involved in eight deaths, whereas other Gram-negative bacilli or fungi, or both, were involved in the deaths of the remaining nine patients . The microbiologic examination of cardiac blood and pulmonary tissue correlated reasonably well with clinical and anatomic judgments of cause of death, as well as with the defining of some cases of "terminal sepsis". Rev Ig Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol Pneumoftiziol Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol, 1975 Apr-Jun, 20(2), 81 - 6 {Serological typing in the study of the transport of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the hospital environment}; Dumitrescu V et al.; Bacteriologic investigations in an operation theatre in the surgical department of an older hospital building in Bucharest detected 14 Ps . aeruginosa strains (10 strains were isolated on the floor of the operation theatre, from the sterile room and wash basins, two strains from the wheels of stretchers and two from the footwear used during the transport of patients) . Serologic typing identified the routes of transport of the Ps . aeruginosa species, making it possible to take the necessary control measures. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1975 Mar 28, 386(1), 18 - 25 Circular dichroism of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Zaborsky OR et al.; The circular dichroism spectrum of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been examined in the absence of the substrates, protocatechuic acid and O-2 and in the presence of the competitive inhibitors, protocatechualdehyde and p-hydroxybenzoic acid . The native enzyme has a low alpha-helical content (less than 1%) and exhibits several positive ellipticity bands between 250 and 300 nm (255,269,275 and 292 nm) and two, low intensity, negative bands at 330 and 480 nm . In the presence of protocatechuic acid and the absence of O-2, spectral changes are evident in the side chain and visible regions . There is a shift in the aromatic-region maximum from 275 to 267 and in the visible region from 330 to 348 and from 480 to 555 nm . No spectral changes are observed upon the removal or addition of only O-2 . Different spectral changes in both the side chain and visible regions are observed in the enzyme with the two competitive inhibitors under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions . The spectral changes observed in the side chain region suggest the possible participation of aromatic residues in the binding process, but it is not yet established as to whether these residues play an active or passive role in binding and/or catalysis. Eur J Biochem, 1975 Mar 17, 52(2), 331 - 43 Studies of lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Wilkinson SG et al.; Lipopolysaccharides from 13 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa representing seven serotypes of the Habs scheme have been analysed . The lipid A fractions, obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides, contained phosphorylated glucosamine residues substituted with dodecanoic, hexadecanoic, 2 hydroxydodecanoic, 3-hydroxydecanoic, and 3-hydroxydodecanoic acids (hexadecanoic acid and 2-hydroxdodecanoic acid were absent from one lipid A) . Low-molecular-weight solutes released during the mild hydrolyses included 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, inorganic orthophosphates and pyrophosphates, ethanolamine mono, pyro and triphosphates . For most strains two polysaccharide fractions, one of which appeared to be the common core polysaccharide, were obtained . The major identifiable components and their approximate proportions in the core polysaccharides were glucose (3-4), rhamnose (1), galactosamine (1), alanine (1-1.5), phosphorus (4-6) and heptose (1-2) . Rhamnose was absent from one polysaccharide another lacked both rhamnose and alanine but contained glucosamine . Small amounts of various amino sugars found in other core polysaccharides could be associated with the presence of higher-molecular-weight material . Such material was isolated from strain NCIB 8626 . The high-molecular-weight polysaccharides obtained from ten strains were probably heterogeneous and consisted mainly of amino compounds, though rhamnose was a major component of four polysaccharades and arabinose was present in another . Fucosamine was the most common amino sugar, but quinovosamine, glucosamine, galactosamine, a possible aminohexuronic acid and unidentified amino compounds were also detected . The results of the survey are discussed in terms of the serological classification of the bacteria and of their sensitivity to EDTA. Eur J Biochem, 1975 Mar 17, 52(2), 377 - 93 N-acetylglutamate 5-phosphotransferase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Catalytic and regulatory properties; Haas D et al.; Some kinetic properties of N-acetylglutamate 5-phosphotransferase (ATP: N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-phosphotransferase EC 2.7.2.8) purified approx . 2000-fold from Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been studied . The enzyme required Mg2+ for activity . Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and Ca2+, in this order, could replace Mg2+ partially . The substrate specificity was narrow: N-carbamoyl-L-glutamate and N-formyl-L-glutamate were phosphorylated, but at a lower rate than N-acetyl-L-glutamate; N-propionyl-L-glutamate was almost inactive as a substrate . dATP, but neither GTP nor ITP, could be used instead of ATP . The enzyme had a broad pH optimum from pH 6.5 to 9 . Feedback inhibition by L-arginine was markedly dependent on pH . Above pH 9 no inhibition was observed . L-Citrulline was three times less potent an inhibitor than L-arginine . The enzyme showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, even at low concentration of the second substrate . The apparent Km was 2 mM for N-acetyl-L-glutamate (at 10 mM ATP) and approx . 3 mM for ATP (at 40 mM N-acetyl-L-glutamate) . In the presence of L-arginine the rate-concentration curves for N-acetyl-L-glutamate became signoidal, while no cooperativity was detected for ATP . A method was developed allowing the determination of N-acetyl-L-glutamate in the nanomolar range by means of purified enzyme. Eur J Biochem, 1975 Mar 17, 52(2), 365 - 75 N-acetylglutamate 5-phosphotransferase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Purification and ligand-directed association-dissociation; Haas D et al.; N-Acetylglutamate 5-phosphotransferase (ATP: N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-phosphotransferase EC 2.7.2.8), the second enzyme of arginine biosynthesis, was purified over 2000-fold from Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The purification procedure involved a heat treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-150, and hydroxyapatite . The purified enzyme was greater than 90% pure as judged by analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . A molecular weight of approximately 230000 was obtained by gel filtration . Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels gave a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 29000 . Due to the capacity for self-association, the enzyme can exist in different states of aggregation depending on the nature of ligands and the concentrations of phosphate buffer . As estimated by gel filtration, the molecular weight was about 230000 in the presence of N-acetyl-L-glutamate . With L-arginine, the feedback inhibitor, and MgATP forms of smaller molecular weight (minimum of approximately 65000) were found . A concurrent change in the sedimentation coefficient as a function of ligands was demonstrated by sucrose gradient centrifugation . The synthesis of N-acetylglutamate 5-phosphotransferase was not repressed by exogenous L-arginine or its precursors. Mol Biol (Mosk), 1975 Mar-Apr, 9(2), 283 - 95 {Specificity of methylation of cytosine risidues in DNA of Bacillus brevis var . G-B}; Vaniushin BF et al.; On growing the cells of Bacillus brevis S methionine-auxotroph mutant in the presence of (methyl-3H)-methionine practically the total radioactivity included into DNA is found to exist in 5-methylcytosine (MC) and 6N-methyladenine (MA) . The analysis of pyrimidine isopliths isolated from DNA shows that radioactivity only exists in mono- and dinucleotides and the content of MC in Pur-MC-Pur and Pur-MC-T-Pur oligonucleotides is equal . The analysis of dinucleotides isolated from DNA by means of pancreatic DNAase hydrolysis allows the nature of purine residues neighbouring with MC to be revealed and shows that MC localizes in G-MC-A and G-MC-T-Pu fragments . Bac . brevis S DNA-methylase modifying cytosine residues recognizes the GCAT GC degenerative nucleotide sequence which is a part of the following complementary structure with rotational symmetry: (5') .. . N'--G--MC--T--G--C--N .. . (3') (3') .. . N--C--G--A--MC--G--N' .. . (5') Cytosine modifying DNA-methylase activity is isolated from Bac . brevis cells; it is capable of methylating in vitro homologous and heterologous DNA . Hence, DNA in bacterial cells can be partially undermethylated . This enzyme methylates cytosine residues in native and deneaturated DNA in the same nucleotide sequences . As compared to the native DNA, the denaturated DNA is indicative of a decrease in the level of methylation of adenine, rather than cytosine residues . Specificity of methylation of cytosine residues in vitro and in vivo does not depend on the nature of substrate DNA (calf thymus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc.) . DNA-methylases of different variants of Bac . brevis (R, S, P+, P-) methylate cytosine residues in the same nucleotide sequences . It means that specificity of methylation of DNA cytosine residues in the cells of different variants of Bac . brevis is the same. J Pharm Sci, 1975 Mar, 64(3), 457 - 8 Inhibition of supraeschar and subeschar Pseudomonas infection by silver sulfadiazine dry foam; Catania PN et al.; The results of an in vivo evaluation of silver sulfadiazine dry foam are described . Using burned guinea pigs infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, silver sulfadiazine was applied every 12hr as the dry foam or ointment . After 72 hr of therapy with the medicated dry foam, only one of the 15 burns remained infected while seven of the 15 burns remained positive for Pseudomonas after treatment with the corresponding medicated ointment (p less than 0.05 greater than 0.01) . It is suggested that the medicated dry foam provided significantly greater activity in treating a supraeschar burn wound infection of recent onset . In addition, a modified crossover study demonstrated that both the medicated dry foam and ointment are less effective in treating subeschar burn wound infections. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1975 Mar, 0(3), 119 - 22 {Extraction and characteristics of agglutinating sera to the O-antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa}; Smirnova NE et al.; A method of preparation of antigens of Verder and Evans and a scheme of rabbit immunization suggested by them was used to obtain agglutinating specific O-sera to 12 type Ps . aeruginosa strains of Bulgarian and London collections . There was shown a principal correlation of the O-types of Ps . aeruginosa cultures of both collections . A possibility of using the sera obtained for typing the Ps . aeruginosa on glass was confirmed . Of 80 museum cultures 52 strains were typed; among them type 0-6 was frequently encountered. J Pediatr, 1975 Mar, 86(3), 376 - 81 Anti-Pseudomonas heat-stable opsonins in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood; Wollman MR et al.; Heat-stable opsonic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis was measured in sera of 33 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at selected times during treatment of their disease . Compared to adults, opsonization of P . aeruginosa was normal in children tested at the time of diagnosis and before chemotherapy . Immediately after achievement of remission, opsonic activity against Pseudomonas was significantly decreased (P smaller than 0.05) compared with pretreatment activity . Activity usually returned to normal and remained so during long-term remission maintenance therapy . In children studied just prior to death from unremitting leukemia, however, anti-Pseudomonas opsonic activity was significantly decreased when compared with that of a group of children before any leukemic treatment (p smaller than 0.005) . Anti-S . EPIDERMIDIS OPSONIC ACTIVITY SHOWED NO CHANGES DURING THE PATIENT'S COURSE . Decreased serum opsonic activity may significantly contribute to the increased incidence of severe Pseudomonas infections in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biochem J, 1975 Mar, 145(3), 449 - 57 Electron transfer between azurin and cytochrone c-551 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Wilson MT et al.; The electron-transfer reaction between azurin and cytochrome c1 isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated by rapid-reaction techniques . Temperture-jump studies clearly reveal two chemical relaxations, the amplitudes of which have ikentical spectral distributions, but relaxation times show different dependencies on reactant concentrations . Stopped experiments also showed complex kinetics . A model is proposed which is consistent with the kinetic and equilibrium data obtained . The central feature of this model is the proposal that two intercenvertible forms of reduced azurin exist in solution, only one of which si able to participate directly in the electron-transfer reaction with cytochrome c-551 . Support for the hypothesis that two forms of reduced azurin exist is derived from studies on the electron-transfer reaction between azurin and Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase . The possible physiological significance of such a situation is discussed. J Clin Invest, 1975 Mar, 55(3), 514 - 9 Prevention of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia using polymyxin aerosol as prophylaxis . II . Effect on the incidence of pneumonia in seriously ill patients; Klick JM et al.; All 744 patients admitted to a Respiratory-Surgical Intensive Care Unit (RSICU) were included in a prospective study of the effects of a polymyxin (2.5 mg/kg body wt/day in six divided doses) or a placebo aerosol sprayed into the posterior pharynx and tracheal tube (if present), during 11 alternating 2-mo treatment cycles . The incidence of upper airway colonization in the RSICU with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 1.6% during the polymyxin treatment cycles (total 374 patients) and 9.7% during the placebo cycles (370 patients) (X2 equals 23.2, P less than 0.01) . 3 patients in the RSICU acquired Pseudomonas pneumonia, as defined by independent "blinded" assessors, during the polymyxin cycles while 17 acquired a Pseudomonas pneumonia during the placebo cycles (X2 equals 10.2, P less than 0.01) . The overall mortality was similar in both placebo and polymyxin-treated groups (12.2 vs . 12.0%) . Systemic antibiotic usage was similar in the different cycles; 49% of patients in the placebo and 53% in the polymyxin-treated groups received systemic antibiotics while in the RSICU. J Bacteriol, 1975 Mar, 121(3), 942 - 9 6-Phosphogluconate dehydratase deficiency in pleiotropic carbohydrate-negative mutant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Blevins WT et al.; Mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strain PAO, have been isolated that are unable to grow on mannitol, glucose, gluconate, or 2-ketogluconate, cut that exhibit wild-type growth on pyruvate, lactate, citrate, succinate, or acetate . Although some of these mutants were also unable to grow on glycerol, the mutations formed a single linkage group by quantitative transductional analysis with phage F116 on glucose minimal agar medium . Cell extracts of all mutant strains were either lacking or severely deficient in 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase activity . Glu+ transductants derived from mutant strains that retained the wild-type ability for growth at the expense of glycerol also regained the ability to grow on all C-6 compounds . Although a role for the pentose phosphate pathway in the catabolism of C6 substrates was not found, a functional Entner-Doudoroff pathway appears to be essential for the catabolism of mannitol, glucose, gluconate, and 2-ketogluconate. Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg), 1975 Mar, 54(3), 177 - 82 {Enzymatic and immunological inflammatory reactions in the middle ear (author's transl)}; Kastenbauer ER; During chronic otitis media intact immunoglobulins are split by extracellular bacterial proteinases into fragments of different molecular weight, The most malignant extracellular proteinases with the greatest proteolytic activity against intact immunoglobulins are the bacterial proteinases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . These proteinases cannot be inhibited by the other serum proteinase-inhibitor except for Alpha-2-Macroglobulin of the human blood serum . This inhibitor has a very high molecular weight, so that we cannot find it in a higher concentration in the middle-ear-secretory . We can liberate this inhibitor by injuring the blood vessels during a tympanoplasty . In this way we get an inhibitory effect against these proteinases and combined with an appropriate antibiotic therapy we can cure a chronic otitis MEDIA . In order to demonstrate that there are immunological reactions in the middle ear against homografted ossicles, various transplantation with homologous ossicles have been performed between two inbreeding rat strains . After sensitisation of the host animals against antigens of the donor animals with skin grafts a reliable histologic infiltration with plasma cells and lymphocytes and the rejection of the graft could be insured . After a simple homologous transplantation without sensitisation, these rejection reactions occurr only rarely and in a diminished form . Cialit storage of middle ear ossicles decreases the solubility of the contained proteins and this in turn diminishes the antigenicity, the amount the antigens, or it retards their liberation . It is for these reasons that Cialit-stored ossicles are more slowly transformed, and there are less inflammatory reactions and adhesions than with untreated ones . The osteogenetic capability of the ossicles is not affected by the Cialit storage. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1975 Feb 19, 377(2), 431 - 43 Purification and properties of a constitutive beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Dalgleish; Furth AJ; 1 . The beta-lactamase (penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase EC 3.5.2.6) appeared to be periplasmic rather than truly intracellular, since it was released by freeze-thawing without gross morphological changes in the cell . 2 . The partially purified enzyme had pI between 5.0 and 5.5, mol . wt 32 000 and a broad pH vs activity profile with a maximum at pH 8 . 3 . The cephalosporins tested were hydrolysed less rapidly than most of the penicillins, and the Km values for penicillins were lower than for cephalosporins . However cloxacillin was hydrolysed very slowly although it was strongly bound . The substrate-induced inactivation common to many beta-lactamases was particularly marked with cephaloridine and cloxacillinmthe cloxacillin-induced inactivation was shown to be reversible. J Clin Microbiol, 1975 Feb, 1(2), 175 - 9 Reduced virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in the presence of benzalkonium chloride; Adair FW et al.; Resistant cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 which were grown in the presence of 1 mg of benzalkonium chloride (BC) per ml caused only a mild conjunctivitis when they were dropped onto the scratched corneas of rabbits . In contrast, cells of the BC-sensitive parent strain induced a severe keratoconjunctivitis . In addition, the BC-grown cells also had a reduced capacity to produce kidney infections in mice as compared to the parent strain . BC-grown cells acted as weak complex antigens which conferred slight protection against lethal doses of BC-grown cells . No cross-protection to cells of the parent strain occurred . The data indicate that growth in the presence of BC results in cells with reduced virulence. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand {B}, 1975 Feb, 83(1), 1 - 9 Epidemiological markers for pseudomonas aeruginosa; Bergan T et al.; A non-lysogenic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa maintained its phage sensitivity pattern and serogroup specificity unchanged for 10 weeks in ex-germfree, mono-contaminated rats before infection with phage . After infection with phage, phage conversions of serogroup specificity and lysotype were observed . With the same combination of bacterial and phage strains, the same serogroup was obtained in vitro and in vivo . In vitro conversion occurred also to serogroups that were not detected in vivo . Upon lyophilization, converted bacterial clones from the in vivo experiment lost their phage and simultaneously reverted to the original phage type and serogroup . These findings may have implications for the understanding of the degree of stability in epidemiological typing results for P . aeruginosa. J Med Microbiol, 1975 Feb, 8(1), 97 - 106 The antibody response to the flagella of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pitt TL et al.; Mutants lacking flagella or fimbriae (pili) or both were used for the preparation and absorption of rabbit antisera against the flagella of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The results of agglutination, immobilisation and complement-fixation tests indicate that the antisera obtained are specific for flagella . The incorporation of nitrate into semi-solid agar for motility and immobilisation tests was found useful for the selection of activity motile cells and for the demonstration of specific antibody to flagella. J Med Microbiol, 1975 Feb, 8(1), 199 - 203 Brown- and red-pigmented Pseudomonas aeruginosa: differentiation between melanin and pyorubrin; Ogunnariwo J et al.; The pigment produced by three clinically isolated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been shown to by pyomelanin . The pigment is also produced by three strains of the same species labelled as "var . erythrogenes" by the National Collection of Type Cultures, and by Aeromonas salmonicida . Melanin and pyorubrin may be distinguished by the differential effects of tyrosine and glutamate on their production in minimal salts medium; Furunculosis Agar is a suitable medium for differentation of these pigments. J Pharm Sci, 1975 Feb, 64(2), 339 - 40 Inhibition of Pseudomonas burn wound infection by mafenide dry foam; Catania PN et al.; The results of an in vivo evaluation of 8.5% mafenide dry foam are described . Using burned guinea pigs infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mafenide was applied every 12 hr as the dry foam or as the commercially available ointment . After 156 hr of therapy with the medicated dosage forms, the previously infected areas did not demonstrate the presence of Pseudomonas . However, all nonmedicated, infected controls produced positive cultures . Both medicated dosage forms demonstrated equivalent efficacy in the inhibition of Pseudomonas on burn wounds. South Med J, 1975 Feb, 68(2), 173 - 6 Vertebral osteomyelitis as a complication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia; Watanakunakorn C; A patient with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia treated with gentamicin subsequently developed thoracovertebral osteomyelitis over the area of a preexisting compression fracture . Increasing back pain and progressive destruction with sclerosis of the involved vertebrae led to a needle biopsy examination of the vertebrae which showed evidence of chronic osteomyelitis and grew P aeruginosa on culture . P aeruginosa bacteremia was documented six months before the demonstration of the organism in the vertebrae . Treatment with a combination of gentamicin and carbenicillin coupled with bed rest cured the vertebral osteomyelitis. Mutat Res, 1975 Feb, 27(2), 191 - 9 Genetic analysis of radiation sensitive and chemical-mutagen sensitive mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Kung AH et al.; Thirty-five mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) have been genetically characterized . They constitute ten separable groups as defined by transduction and conjugation . Three of the groups have been shown to be cotransducible with auxotrophic markers. Jpn J Antibiot, 1975 Feb, 28(1), 53 - 60 {Comparative studies of the therapeutic effect of colistin methanesulfonate administered intramuscularly and intravenously on the acute bacterial infection in mice (author's transl)}; Ihara I et al.; The therapeutic potencies of colistin methanesulfonate (CLM) was assessed quantitatively in acute infection of mice with clinically isolated strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and effect of different routes of administration was compared . There was no detectable difference in the therapeutic effect of CLM when intramuscular (im) or intravenous (iv) administration was initiated one hour after the infection . On the other hand, a significant difference in ED50 given by im and iv administrations was observed, indicating the superiority of iv administration, when the treatment started 4 to approximately hours after the infection . No difference in the therapeutic effect of polymyxin B (PMB) and tetracycline (TC) administered via either im or iv route was found even in the delayed administration . In contrast to PMB and TC, lower toxicity of CLM was determined when it was administered iv rather than im. Can J Microbiol, 1975 Feb, 21(2), 152 - 63 Basic characterization of a lipid-containing bacteriophage specific for plasmids of the P, N, and W compatibility groups; Bradley DE et al.; Preliminary studies have shown that bacteriophages PR3 and PR4, originally isolated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resemble the lipid-containing phage PM2 in appearance . Their host range extends intergenerically to species carrying drug-resistance plasmids of the P and N compatibility groups . In this paper, the serological identity of the two isolates is established and it is concluded that they are the same virus, but with some differences in growth characteristics . They contain double-stranded DNA and are probably icosahedra (65 nm) with short (47 nm) noncontractile tails . Their sensitivity to chloroform and low buoyant density in CsCl(1.265 g/ml) indicate that they contain lipid which is probably located in the thickened inner layer of the capsid . A study is made of their adsorption efficiencies to sensitive and resistant bacteria, and it is found that, unlike most sex-specific phages, they adsorb directly to the cell surface and not to sex pili . Their host range is shown to include strains harboring a drug-resistance plasmid of the W compatibility group. Minerva Med, 1975 Jan 31, 66(7), 330 - 4 {Hemorrhagic complications during therapy with carbenicillin in 2 cases of acute renal insufficiency}; Sasdelli M et al.; During the treatment of two patients with acute renal insufficiency with carbenicillin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis haematemesis, melaena and omnipresent petechiae were observed . Suspension was followed by rapid regression and the normalisation of clotting . Attention is drawn to haemorrhage as clotting . Attention is drawn to haemorrhage as a possible complication of carbenicillin management in patients with acute renal insufficiency. Health Lab Sci, 1975 Jan, 12(1), 41 - 6 Microbial contamination of mist therapy units on six pediatric wards; Petersen NJ et al.; A study was conducted in six pediatric wards to investigated factors that influence microbial contamination of mist therapy units . Most samples from nebulizer reservoirs were positive for gram-negative bacilli which multiplied rapidly in distilled water and reached levels as high as 3.0 X 10(8) viable microorganisms per ml . High prevalence rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and coliform bacteria as well as high levels of gram-negative bacilli were found to be associated with infrequent and inadequate cleaning and disinfection of the nebulizing equipment . In one of the wards exhibiting high rates, a move to new quarters permitted the implementation of improved cleaning and maintenance procedures for mist therapy units . The result was a significant reduction of microbial contamination . This study reemphasizes the role of microbiological surveillance in assuring proper care of nebulizing equipment in the hospital. Infection, 1975, 3(3), 169 - 72 {Incidence and resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa 1970-1973 in hospitalized patients at the Bonn University hospital}; Krasemann C; The resistance of Ps . aeruginosa to 100 mug carbenicillin and 30 mug gentamicin was analyzed for all strains originating from hospitalized