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Antipneumococcal Activity of LBM415, a New Peptide Diformylase Inhibitor, Compared with Those of Other Agents. Lois M. Ednie, 2004.The MICs of LBM415, a new peptide diformylase inhibitor, were evaluated and ranged from 0.03 to 4.0 µg/ml for 300 pneumococci, irrespective of their ß-lactam, macrolide, and quinolone susceptibilities . By comparison, vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and quinupristin-dalfopristin were also active, with MICs  2.0 µg/ml . Gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin were the most active quinolones tested, while the MICs of the ß-lactams rose with those of penicillin G . LBM415 at two times the MIC was bactericidal (99.9% killing) against six strains after 24 h .
Structural Study of Binding of Flagellin by Toll-Like Receptor 5. Saul G. Jacchieri, 2003.In order to predict the binding regions within the complex formed by Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) and flagellin, a complementary hydropathy between the two proteins was sought . A region common to the flagellins of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes was shown to be hydropathically complementary to the 552-to-561 fragment of TLR-5, whose sequence is EILDISRNQL . The hydrophobicity profile of this region is shared with flagellins of 377 bacterial species out of a total of 723 publicly available sequences . A conformational analysis of the predicted binding site of TLR-5, whose structure is still unknown, was carried out with a methodology already applied to similar problems . To sample the conformations available to the peptide chain, a plot of the number of conformations per unit energy interval (density of states) versus energy was built . Following a theoretical argument, conformations belonging to maxima in this plot were selected . The most stable structure obtained in this search, an  -helical conformation, was shown to form the electrostatic interactions Glu552-Gln89, Asp555-Arg92, and Arg558-Glu93 with the predicted binding site of the flagellin of S . enterica serovar Typhimurium, formed by the 88-to-97 chain fragment (LQRVRELAVQ), which is likewise
helical .
Identification of Listeria monocytogenes Genes Involved in Salt and Alkaline-pH Tolerance. Rozenn Gardan, 2003.The capacity of Listeria monocytogenes to tolerate salt and alkaline stresses is of particular importance, as this pathogen is often exposed to such environments during food processing and food preservation . We screened a library of Tn917-lacZ insertional mutants in order to identify genes involved in salt and/or alkaline tolerance . We isolated six mutants sensitive to salt stress and 12 mutants sensitive to salt and alkaline stresses . The position of the insertion of the transposon was located in 15 of these mutants . In six mutants the transposon was inserted in intergenic regions, and in nine mutants it was inserted in genes . Most of the genes have unknown functions, but sequence comparisons indicated that they encode putative transporters .
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