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Insulation of the  F
Regulatory System in Bacillus subtilis.Karen Carniol, 2004.The transcription factors F
and
B
are related RNA polymerase sigma factors that govern dissimilar
networks of adaptation to stress conditions in Bacillus subtilis .
The two factors are controlled by closely related regulatory
pathways, involving protein kinases and phosphatases . We report that
insulation of the
F
pathway from the
B
pathway involves the integrated action of both the cognate kinase and
the cognate phosphatase .
Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling of the Escherichia coli Response to a Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide. Linda Tomasinsig, 2004.Most antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) impair the viability of target bacteria by permeabilizing bacterial membranes . However, the proline-rich AMPs have been shown to kill susceptible organisms without causing significant membrane perturbation and may act by inhibiting the activity of bacterial targets . To gain initial insight into the events that follow interaction of a proline-rich peptide with bacterial cells, we used DNA macroarray technology to monitor transcriptional alterations of Escherichia coli in response to challenge with a subinhibitory concentration of the proline-rich Bac7(1-35) . Substantial changes in the expression levels of 70 bacterial genes from various functional categories were detected . Among these, 26 genes showed decreased expression, while 44 genes, including genes that are potentially involved in bacterial resistance to antimicrobials, showed increased expression . The generation of a transcriptional response under the experimental conditions used is consistent with the ability of Bac7(1-35) to interact with bacterial components and affect biological processes in this organism . Programmed Translational Frameshift in the Bacteriophage P2 FETUD Tail Gene Operon. Gail E. Christie, 2002.The major structural components of the P2 contractile tail are encoded in the FETUD tail gene operon . The sequences of genes FI and FII, encoding the major tail sheath and tail tube proteins, have been reported previously (L . M . Temple, S . L . Forsburg, R . Calendar, and G . E . Christie, Virology 181:353-358, 1991) . Sequence analysis of the remainder of this operon and the locations of amber mutations Eam30, Tam5, Tam64, Tam215, Uam25, Uam77, Uam92, and Dam6 and missense mutation Ets55 identified the coding regions for genes E, T, U, and D, completing the sequence determination of the P2 genome . Inspection of the DNA sequence revealed a new open reading frame overlapping the end of the essential tail gene E . Lack of an apparent translation initiation site and identification of a putative sequence for a programmed translational frameshift within the E gene suggested that this new reading frame (E') might be translated as an extension of gene E, following a -1 translational frameshift . Complementation analysis demonstrated that E' was essential for P2 lytic growth . Analysis of fusion polypeptides verified that this reading frame was translated as a -1 frameshift extension of gpE, with a frequency of approximately 10% . The arrangement of these two genes within the tail gene cluster of phage P2 and their coupling via a translational frameshift appears to be conserved among P2-related phages . This arrangement shows a striking parallel to the organization in the tail gene cluster of phage lambda, despite a lack of amino acid sequence similarity between the tail gene products of these phage families . Special Issue on Structural Biology. Douglas H. Ohlendorf, 2003.
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