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Fortschr Med, 1975 Dec 4, 93(34), 1738 - 44 {Modification of infectious-allergic processes by oral administration of antigens}; Stickl H et al.; The oral administration of appropriate antigens causes a decrease in sensitization as shown by the models of tuberculin allergy in guinea pigs and of the sensitization of guinea pigs and rabbits to corynebacterium acnes antigens. Gann, 1975 Dec, 66(6), 711 - 5 Combination of non-specific immunopotentiation with Corynebacterium liquefaciens and chemotherapy in tumor-bearing mice; Hattori T et al.; The effect of combining chemotherapeutics (Mitomycin-C, cyclophosphamide, or 5-fluorouracil) and immunopotentiator (anaeobic Corynebacterium liquefaciens) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice was examined . Mitomycin-C and cyclophosphamide were given intraperitoneally 2 days after the inoculation of tumor cells . 5-Fluorouracil was administered intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days beginning from the second day after inoculation of tumor cells . C . liquefaciens was given intraperitoneally in various time regimens before or after the drug . The best prolongation of survival was observed when C . liquefaciens was given after the administration of Mitomycin-C or cyclophosphamide but no effect was seen in the combination of 5-fluorouracil and C . liquefaciens . These results suggest that non-specific active immunotherapy using C . liquefaciens may be a valuable adjunct to the conventional cytocidal anticnacer chemotherapy with agents such as Mitomycin-C or cyclophosphamide and the most important variable seems to be the time at which the immunopotentiator is given during the therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1975 Dec, 55(6), 1403 - 11 Mchanisms of antitumor action of Corynebacterium parvum: nonspecific tumor cell destruction at site of immunologically mediated sensitivity reaction to C . parvum; Tuttle RL et al.; Mice immunized in the footpad with Corynebacterium parvum developed a systemic mechanism with a potential for destroying syngeneic tumor cells . The development of this mechanism of antitumor action depended on the generation of a state of systemic sensitivity to C . parvum antigens, which allowed an immunologically mediated inflammatory response to be focused at the site of a tumor cell challenge or in the bed of an established tumor . This resulted in complete inhibition of growth of the former regression of the latter . This nonspecific mechanism of tumor cell destruction could be utilized only during a relatively short period when mice were responding maximally to the organism . This corresponded to a period during which there was maximum cell division in the lymph node draining the site of immunization with C . parvum, maximum systemic macrophage activation, and maximum sensitivity to eliciting injections of the organism . The potential for destroying tumor cells could be transferred to normal recipients with lymph node cells from C . parvum-immunized donors, which indicated the distinct possibility that antitumor action was based on the cell-mediated response to C . parvum antigens . That the destruction of tumor cells at the site of a C . parvum sensitivity reaction was associated with a massive influx of mono-nuclear cells provided further support for this possibility. Infect Immun, 1975 Dec, 12(6), 1439 - 49 Comparative toxic effect of the surface lipid of Corynebacterium ovis on peritoneal macrophages; Hard GC; The postphagocytic effect on mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig peritoneal macrophages of a petrol-ether lipid extract from Corynebacterium ovis (C . pseudotuberculosis) representing the surface coat of the organism external to the cell wall was investigated by examing three parameters of cytotoxicity, viability assayed by dye exclusion, glycolytic activity, and ultrastructural morphology . The viability test demonstrated a lethal effect on normal and immune mouse macrophages but not on those of the rabbit or guinea pig . Measurement of glycolsis indicated a significant degree of cytotoxicity in normal mouse macrophages ingesting lipid, a nonsignificant depression of activity in cells from immune mice, and no alteration in the activities of rabbit and guinea pig macrophages . Electron microscopy demonstrated that C . ovis surface lipid caused acute lethal injury in normal and immune mouse macrophages . The early stages of degeneration were typified by dilatation of the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi lamellae, and nuclear envelope, proceeding to focal disruption of various cell membranes, particularly those of the lipidcontaining phagolysosomes and nucleus . In contrast, over the 3-h period of study, no cytotoxic change was evident in rabbit or guinea pig macrophages . The results add further support to previous observations that the surface lipid of C . ovis plays a major role in the pathogenesis of the organism in mice, but they do not explain the guinea pig's marked susceptibility to infection. Infect Immun, 1975 Dec, 12(6), 1325 - 30 Effects of BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, and methanol-extration residue in the reduction of mortality from Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans infections in immunosuppressed mice; Sher NA et al.; An immunosuppressed mouse model was devised to test the effects of immunopotentiators on the prevention of bacterial and fungal infections . The effects of BCG and Corynebacterium were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans infection . The effect of methanol-extraction residue (MER-BCG) was tested against S . aureus septicemia . CDF mice were given various doses of BCG, 1.0 mg of C . parvum, or 0.5 mg of MER intraperitoneally at varying intervals before injection of an intravenous bacterial challenge . Four days before challenge, 300 mg of cyclophosphamide per ml was given intraperitoneally . BCG (106 colony-forming units) reduced mortality due to S.aureus at pretreatment intervals of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days . Isonicotinic acid hydrazide treatment elimated the protective effect of the live BCG . C . parvum was as effective as BCG against S . aureus septicemia when given 3 days before infection, but lost most of its protective effect after that time . MER protected at doses as small as 0.25 mg when given 25 days prior to challenge . Both BCG and C . parvum exerted a protective effect against Candida albicans infection. J Pediatr, 1975 Dec, 87(6 PT 2), 1094 - 1102 Nonspecific enhancers of resistance in man; Florman AL et al.; Nonspecific enhancers of resistance may include (1) viral interference, (2) interferon, (3) interferon inducers, (4) bacterial interference, (5) bacterial products such as Coley's "toxins," endotoxins, or staphylococcal, BCG, and Corynebacterium parvum vaccines, (6) transfer factor, and (7) well-defined chemicals such as dinitrochlorbenzene, levamisole, and vitamin C . These are discussed only as they have been applied to man to learn whether or not they have enhanced his ability to resist infections and growth of tumors . Preliminary studies suggest that a variety of relatively safe and effective nonspecific enhancers may soon be available for clinical use. Clin Exp Immunol, 1975 Dec, 22(3), 514 - 21 Mitogenicity of Corynebacterium parvum for mouse lymphocytes; Zola H; Corynebacterium parvum, a powerful in vivo immunostimulant, is shown to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation in vitro . C . parvum is mitogenic for B lymphocytes and does not stimulate T cells . The mitogenicity is dependent on the presence of macrophages . C . diphtheriae and another strain of C . parvum, both of which are devoid of adjuvant, RES stimulation, and tumour-inhibiting activities in vivo are nevertheless mitogenic . A lipid-free fraction from C . parvum, which retains in vivo immunostimulatory properties, is not mitogenic . Thus the mitogenic property is not correlated with the in vivo properties of C . parvum. Appl Microbiol, 1975 Dec, 30(6), 975 - 81 Effects of three environmental variables on sulfate uptake by aerobic bacteria; Monheimer RH; The effects of various concentrations of sulfate, organic sulfur, and organic carbon on sulfate uptake by aerobic bacteria were studied using pure cultures growing in a defined medium . Cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Corynebacterium striatum took up sulfate faster when young, but sulfate uptake by Serratia marcescens was faster in older cultures . Organic sulfur was found to decrease sulfate uptake, but at concentrations somewhat higher than occurs in most natural freshwater ecosystems . Low levels of sulfate can theoretically directly limit bacterial biomass production but such limitation probably does not occur in natural systems . Evidence is presented which indirectly links the uptake of sulfate and organic carbon, adding credibility to the proposal that sulfate uptake can be used as an indicator of microbial biomass production in freshwater ecosystems. J Hyg (Lond), 1975 Dec, 75(3), 413 - 24 Numerical analysis of the characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in Victoria from 1962 to 1971; Gibson LF; A study of the incidence of diphtheria in the State of Victoria, Australia, was carried out . Numerical analysis of the characteristics of 264 strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated between 1962 and 1971 placed them into 18 varieties plus six strains which were unique in their combination of reactions to the characteristics examined . During the 10-year period, some varieties appeared intermittently and were recognized by certain defining characteristics but exhibited a gradual change in their antigenic structure . In contrast, when the outbreaks were examined over shorter periods of time, a number of varieties and single strains were found which differed greatly from each other yet possessed the same major serotype antigen . These findings are discussed in terms of a 'one-parent' concept in which the varieties and single strains represent phases of a common ancestor . By inspection and analysis of the characteristics of the strains, certain associations were apparent . For instance, a correlation was found between the antigenic structure of the organism and the colonial appearance on tellurite blood agar . Similarly, correlation was observed between bacteriophage type, diphthericin type and biochemical activity in that a strain which was highly active in one of the properties was also very active in the other two. Infect Immun, 1975 Dec, 12(6), 1392 - 400 Quantitative assay of diphtherial toxin and of immunologically cross-reacting proteins by reversed passive hemagglutination; Holmes RK et al.; A reversed passive hemagglutination (RPHA) assay for diptherial toxin has been developed . Antitoxic antibodies were isolated from commercially available equine diptherial antitoxin by immunoabsorption using highly purified diphtherial toxin covalently linked to Sepharose 4B . Formalinized, tanned sheep erythrocytes sensitized with the purified antitoxic antibodies are specifically agglutinated by diphtherial toxin but are not agglutinated by extracellular antigens of Corynebacterium diptheriae that are unrelated to toxin . The RPHA assay described can detect less than 20 pg of diphtherial toxin and is comparable in sensitivity to intracutaneous tests for toxin . The RPHA assay was shown to be at least 1,000 times more sensitive than quantitative immunological assays for diptherial toxin performed by single radial immunodiffusion or by one-dimensional double diffusion in agar gels . Fragment A prepared from purified diphtherial toxin and nontoxic mutant proteins that cross-react immunologically with toxin can be assayed directly by RPHA, but the sensitivity of the assay for these proteins is less than for native diphtherial toxin . Inhibition of RPHA was also shown to be a sensitive quantitative method for measuring diptherial antitoxin in vitro. Am J Vet Res, 1975 Nov, 36(11), 1555 - 60 Effects of estrus and exogenous estrogen on circulating neutrophils and milk somatic cell concentration, neutrophil phagocytosis, and occurrence of clinical mastitis in cows; Guidry AJ et al.; In a study involving 56 quarters (14 cows), it was seen that standing estrus did not affect circulating neutrophil and milk somatic cell concentrations, neutrophil phagocytosis, milk production, or occurrence of clinical mastitis . The subcutaneous injection of 17beta-estradiol (E2) (0.05 mg/kg of body weight 2 times daily for 2 consecutive days) did not affect neutrophil phagocytosis or milk somatic cell values . However, a significant increase in circulating neutrophils and a significant decrease in milk production were observed . The injection of E2 was followed by clinical mastitis in 4 uninfected quarters, in 7 quarters infected with Corynebacterium bovis, and in 1 quarter infected with Streptococcus uberis and Escherichia coli. Aust Vet J, 1975 Nov, 51(11), 525 - 30 Wimmera rye grass toxicity in Western Australia; Berry PH et al.; Outbreaks of Wimmera rye grass toxicity in the south-west of Western Australia, and the associated distribution of Wimmera rye grass parasitised by Anguina sp and Corynebacterium sp were investigated . Between 1970 and 1974, 58 outbreaks occurred on 26 farms in sheep and cattle grazing pasture, cereal crop, stubble, screenings, or hay containing parasitised Wimmera rye grass . Morbidity rates up to 77% were observed . Clinical signs were characterised by staggering, collapse, periods of convulsions and other nervous signs, often followed by death . A pale, friable liver and haemorrhages in different organs were the most constant gross autopsy findings, but no specific histopathological changes were observed . Symptomatic treatment of affected animals and agronomic control measures attempted by farmers were unsuccessful in controlling the disease. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1975 Nov, 55(5), 1147 - 53 Further observations on the inhibition of tumor growth by Corynebacterium parvum with cyclophosphamide . I . Variation in administration of both agents; Fisher B et al.; Studies from this laboratory have indicated that the administration of cyclophosphamide (CY) and Corynebacterium parvum (CP) over a prolonged time to C3H mice with established measurable tumors resulted in complete arrest of tumor growth as well as partial and complete regressions in many instances . The present investigations on optimal dosage, route, frequency, and sequence of administration of CY and CP in the model system were performed to obtain information that could be useful in the design of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of human tumors . Findings have suggested the need for administration of CP in more than one instance . Although a single dose of CP in combination with weekly injections of CY had a significantly prolonged inhibitory effect, weekly doses of CP and CY were more effective . We also concluded that the time between doses of an immunostimulating agent (I-I interval) as well as between administration of chemotherapy (C-C interval) may be critical for an optimal result . In this model system, C-C and I-I intervals of 7 days inhibited tumor growth most effectively . The time between administration of chemotherapy and immunotherapy (C-I interval) has been considered critical . Whereas slightly better results were achieved in these studies when the immunotherapy was administered 4 days after the CY or when the C-I interval was +4 days, almost equally good results were obtained when both agents were given on the same day, which signified that the C-I interval may not be as critical as other investigators have reported . The present findings confirmed and extended our prior observations and indicated that the iv and ip routes of administration were superior to the im and sc routes in our model . The observed tumor growth inhibition was a result of both chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic modalities; also, the inhibitory properties of the regimen were more related to the chemotherapeutic component . Finally, almost identical tumor growth inhibition was observed when CP obtained from two different laboratories was used in conjunction with CY. Invest Urol, 1975 Nov, 13(3), 227 - 32 Asymptomatic bacteriuria, bacteremia, and other infections due to NSU corynebacteria; Furness G et al.; By means of the new medium, nonspecific urethritis (NSU) chocolate agar, NSU corymebacteria were isolated from patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria, bacteremia, cervicitis, conjuctivitis, and pericarditis, and also with bone marrow, wound, and cul-de-sac infections . The NSU corynebacteria were considered the etiologic agents . On the basis of biochemical reactions, antibiotic sensitivity, and complement fixation tests some isolates were the same microorganisms . Both patients with conjunctivitis were infected with the same NSU corynebacteria . A second isolate was cultured from patients with osteomyelitis and cervicitis, while a third was recovered from an infected leg wound and from a patient with pericarditis . Seven of the isolates, when injected into rabbits hypersensitive to four NSU corynebacteria isolated from the inflamed epididymis of patients with epididymitis, elicited delayed hypersensitivity reactions, which indicated that they also were related antigenically . It is suggested that nonspecific urethritis and eididymitis may represent an infection with NSU corynebacteria, or may be an extension of bacteriuria due to these microorganisms, with a delayed hypersensitivity reaction as a possible additional complication . Colony counts on NSU chocolate agar of the bacteria in urines from male and female patients were higher than those obtained on conventional agar media . NSU chocolate agar is superior to other agar media for the isolation of pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria not only from the urogenital tract but also from other foci of infection . It is easily prepared from commercial blood agar plates and its use should be considered when a selective medium is not required. Infect Immun, 1975 Nov, 12(5), 1098 - 103 Enhanced resistance to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections associated with reduced serum immunoglobulin levels in levamisole-treated mice; Irwin MR et al.; The effect of levamisole (1-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-imidazo{2,1-b}thiazole monohydrochloride) treatment on the course of a Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection and the ability of either vaccinated or unvaccinated randomly bred mice to resist challenge were investigated . It was found that either a double treatment of levamisole administered with or without a sublethal inoculation of C . pseudotuberculosis or a single treatment of levamisole alone had a significant effect on the ability of mice to resist challenge with virulent C . pseudotuberculosis . This prolonged, enhanced nonspecific and specific resistance was associated with a quantitative reduction in the geometric mean serum immunoglobulin levels, with the immunoglobulin G2 and immunoglobulin A levels being more severely affected . As the enhanced nonspecific resistance to C . pseudotuberculosis was associated with depressed serum immunoglobulin levels in the mice pretreated with levamisole alone, it was suggested that the cell-mediated immunity may play a more important role than the humoral immunity in the resistance to C . pseudotuberculosis infection. Br Heart J, 1975 Nov, 37(11), 1195 - 7 A case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium hofmanni and Candida albicans; Boyce JM; The case is described of a 49-year-old woman who developed endocarditis in relation to the prosthetic valve two months after insertion of a Starr-Edwards mitral valve prosthesis . Initially Corynebacterium hofmanni was isolated from blood culture . Later, while the patient was receiving antibacterial chemotherapy, Candida albicans was also isolated and she was treated with 5-fluorocytosine . A cure was effected without the need for further valve replacement. Am J Vet Res, 1975 Nov, 36(11), 1663 - 6 Attachment of Corynebacterium renale to tissue culture cells by the pili; Honda E et al.; One or more cells of Corynebacterium renale strains (serologic types, I, II and III), which possessed numerous pili, frequently were attached to BHK-21 cells, primary dog kidney cells, and primary rabbit kidney cells . The percentage of the cultured cells to which C renal cells were attached was about 70% . The percentage was less with cells of C renale possessing fewer pili, around 30% . After C renale was treated with the homologous anti-pili serum, the percentage of BHK-21 cells to which bacterial cells were attached was even less (22%) . In electron micrographs, the pili of C renale were observed to attach themselves to the membranes of BHK-21 cells . The adhesive property of the pili of C renale to tissue culture cells was thus demonstrated. J Immunol, 1975 Nov, 115(5), 1212 - 6 Splenic suppressor macrophages induced in mice by injection of Corynebacterium parvum; Kirchner H et al.; Spleen cells from C57BL/6N mice injected with killed Corynebacterium parvum (CP) had a marked growth inhibitory effect on the in vitro proliferation of RBL-5 murine lymphoma cells . It was most marked 12 to 14 days after injection and was usually no longer detectable later than 21 days . It could be demonstrated at effector cell to target ratios between 20:1 and 5:1 at which normal spleen cells had a growth-promoting effect . Addition of CP to an in vitro mixture of spleen cells and tumor cells augmented the inhibitory effect of spleen cells from CP-injected mice although it conferred no inhibitory potential on normal spleen cells . Growth inhibiton by CP spleen cells was not mediated by T cells and various depletion experiments suggested that the effector cells of the phenomenon were macrophages . Spleen cells of CP-injected mice also showed strongly depressed responses to the T cell mitogens PHA and Con A and suppressed the mitogen responses of syngeneic normal spleen cells . The characteristics of the suppressor cells mediating this effect appeared to be very similar to those inhibiting lymphoma cell growth . The responses to LPS were also strongly suppressed in mice injected with 2.1 mg of CP . However, after injection of one-tenth of the dose a relative sparing of the LPS response was noted, whereas the PHA response was still suppressed. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh), 1975 Nov, 53(5), 765 - 80 Bacterial flora in relation to cataract extraction . III . Postoperative flora; Fahmy JA et al.; The conjunctival flora of 499 patients operated for cataract was studied on the 4th and 7th postoperative days and compared with the flora examined previously on admission to the hospital and at the time of surgery (Fahmy et al . 1975b, c) . Antibiotics had been administered approximately 18 hours before operation, at the conclusion of surgery, and then on the 4th postoperative day after the cultures had been taken . After a significant fall in incidence, including all kinds of bacteria at the time of surgery (Fahmy et al . 1975c), Staphylococcus albus showed an increase in incidence on the 4th postoperative day to the level found on admission . Corynebacteria and gram-negative bacilli likewise showed increasing incidence but not to the level of admission . The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci remained unchanged . On the 7th postoperative day, S . aureus showed a fall in incidence while other bacteria had largely the same incidence as that of the 4th postoperative day . The origin of S . aureus isolated postoperatively from the conjunctiva was studied, and showed that the great majority of strains were similar to those found on the patient's own conjunctiva preoperatively . In a few instances, S . aureus could be traced to the patient's own nose or to the noses of some of the nurses . The air of the wards, eye drops or ophthalmic ointments used in the treatment of the patients apparently did not play any role as a source of S . aureus infection . Cultures obtained on the 4th postoperative day showed only a minor relationship to the flora of the wound site observed at the conclusion of surgery. Br J Cancer, 1975 Nov, 32(5), 551 - 7 Active specific immunotherapy of mouse methylcholanthrene induced tumours with Corynebacterium parvum and irradiated tumour cells; Bomford R; The relative efficiency of active nonspecific or specific immunotherapy of developing methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcomata with C . parvum was compared . For nonspecific immunotherapy, mice were challenged with tumour cells s.c . or i.v., and 2 days later injected i.v . with dilutions of C . parvum . The only significant effect was a retardation of s.c . tumour growth by the highest concentration of C . parvum (350 mug) . However, active specific immunotherapy, using mixtures of C . parvum and irradiated or living tumour cells in the footpads, suppressed tumour growth when given at 2 or 6, but not 10, days after tumour challenge . Successful therapy required: sufficient tumour cells (greater than or equal to 5 X 10(4)); an optimal dose of C . parvum (5-120 mug, increasing with the number of tumour cells); an intact T cell system; the same tumour cells for challenge and treatment . The specificity was confirmed in a protection system in which treatment was given 7 days before tumour challenge . No protective immunity could be achieved with mixtures of C . parvum and foetal cells . Thus in this system C . parvum potentiates protective immunity only to the tumour unique TSTA. Br J Cancer, 1975 Nov, 32(5), 558 - 67 The effect of gold salts on tumour immunity and its stimulation by Corynebacterium Parvum; McBride WH et al.; The anti-inflammatory agent sodium aurothiomalate appears to act upon mononuclear phagocytes, inhibiting their lysosomal enzyme activity . Evidence is presented that gold salts can increase the number of lung tumour nodules that develop following intravenous injection of tumour cells and pretreatment can enhance the take of a subcutaneous tumour inoculum . In contrast, they do not affect the later growth of tumour . Gold salts can also suppress the action of systemically administered C . parvum in inhibiting the growth of subcutaneous tumours . These results are taken as supporting the evidence in favour of a fast acting nonspecific anti-tumour mechanism, probably macrophage mediated, that can be inhibited by gold salts and enhanced by C . parvum . The effect of gold salts upon other biological changes induced by C . parvum is examined, including its adjuvant action, and the results are discussed in the context of the mechanisms underlying the immunotherapeutic action of this organism. Infect Immun, 1975 Nov, 12(5), 1227 - 9 Enhancement of resistance and suppression of immunization against experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection by Corynebacterium parvum; Kierszenbaum F; Intravenous but not intraperitoneal injection of killed Corynebacterium parvum either before or after intraperitoneal infection with the highly reticulotropic Tulahuen strain of Trypanosoma cruzi produced enhanced resistance against the infection in mice . In contrast, C . parvum had no effect when the infection was caused with the predominately myotropic Y strain of T . cruzi . C . parvum given intravenously before immunization with killed culture forms of the Y strain parasite consistently diminished the protective effect against subsequent infection, which could be obtained with antigen alone. Infect Immun, 1975 Nov, 12(5), 1037 - 43 Dichotomy between macrophage activation and degree of protection against Listeria monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii in mice stimulated with Corynebacterium parvum; Swartzberg JE et al.; In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the effect of Corynebacterium parvum treatment of mice on resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii . Intravenous immunization with C . parvum conferred transient protection against intravenous challenge with Listeria or an avirulent strain of Toxoplasma but did not protect against a virulent strain of Toxoplasma . Compared with the level of protection conferred by C . parvum, a higher degree of resistance was noted when mice infected with Listeria or Toxoplasma were challenged with the homologous infecting organism . Peritoneal macrophages from mice immunized intravenously with C . parvum were activated to kill Toxoplasma in vitro . Whereas resistance to challenge in vivo was transient, this population of activated macrophages persisted . Peritoneal macrophages from C . parvum mice also markedly inhibited {3H}thymidine uptake by L cells. Cancer Chemother Rep, 1975 Nov-Dec, 59(6), 1139 - 45 Phase I study of corynebacterium parvum in patients with solid tumors; Band PR et al.; Nineteen patients with various solid tumors were treated with Corynebacterium parvum for 10 consecutive days at doses ranging from 0.5 to 6 mg/m2 . Major toxic effects included rigors and cyanosis, hypertension, headache, nausea, and vomiting . Toxicity was maximal during the first 3 days of treatment and decreased or even disappeared when, on subsequent days, increasing doses of the vaccine were given . Objective tumor regressions were observed in four patients. J Clin Pathol, 1975 Oct, 28(10), 798 - 800 Septicaemia due to Corynebacterium haemolyticum; Jobanputra RS et al.; The clinical and microbiological features of a case of septicaemia due to Corynebacterium haemolyticum are described . Isolation of the organism from blood cultures taken at the time of admission, immediate response to penicillin, presence of agglutinating antibodies in high titre in the patient's serum, and our failure to find evidence of infection with any other pathogen suggests a causative role. Jikken Dobutsu, 1975 Oct, 24(4), 151 - 60 {Pathological studies on corynebacterial ulcerative entero-colitis in rats treated with ACTH (author's transl)}; Yamada A et al.; Ulcerative entero-colitis was developed in 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats treated daily with ACTH (4 mg/kg . s . c.) as well as necrotic purulent lesions in liver, kidney, lung or heart . Incidence of ulcerative lesions was 6.3% in Farm-A rats and 56% in Farm-B rats . Although ulcerative lesions were mostly observed in cecum, the similar lesions were also detected in distal ileum or proximal colon in some cases . Histologically, the lesions were characterized by focal necrosis demarcated from surrounding normal tissue containing a number of clumps of bacteria and cellular debris . Bacteriological examination revealed that provocation of Coryne-bacterium kutscheri by ACTH-treatment resulted in appearance of the lesions . By means of intravenous or intraperitoneal inoculation with the strain isolated from lesion similar lesions were produced in the cecum of inoculated rats under the ACTH-treatment. Am J Med, 1975 Sep, 59(3), 417 - 23 Ventriculojugular shunt nephritis with Corynebacterium bovis . Successful therapy with antibiotics; Bolton WK et al.; A patient with hydrocephalus and a ventriculojugular shunt presented with acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria 10 g/24 hours), decreased complement levels, circulating immune complexes and diminished creatinine clearance (41 ml/min) . Seven blood cultures grew Corynebacterium bovis . A renal biopsy specimen revealed mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis by light microscopy, and thickened glomerular basement membranes with areas of increased granular density by electron microscopy . Immunofluorescent examination of the biopsy specimen demonstrated 2+ granular glomerular basement membrane deposits of immunoglobulin M (IgM), with trace third component of complement (C-3), fourth component of complement (C-4) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) . Rabbits immunized with C . bovis produced a line of partial identity in agar with patient serum against a sonicate of C . bovis . Indirect fluorescein staining of the biopsy specimen with the rabbit antiserum demonstrated 1+ granular glomerular basement membrane deposits . Potassium thiocyanate microelution of sections prior to examination markedly diminished staining with antihuman antiserum, but did not affect staining with rabbit antiserum . Following initial therapy with intravenous penicillin for six weeks the bacteremia cleared, serum complement levels returned to normal, proteinuria decreased and creatinine clearance increased . A relapse occured four weeks later with decreased complement levels, increased proteinuria and decreased creatinine clearance . Blood cultures were again positive for C . bovis . Following therapy with erythromycin and rifampin, the bacteremia cleared and there was a sustained improvement of all parameters . To our knowledge, this is the first time an association has been noted between C . bovis ventriculojugular shunt infection and glomerulonephritis . These findings support the potential role of C . bovis as an etiologic agent in human renal disease and further define the immune complex nature of shunt nephritis. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1975 Sep, 55(3), 589 - 96 In vitro destruction of tumor cells by macrophages from mice treated with Corynebacterium granulosum; Basic I et al.; Peritoneal macrophages from C3Hf/Bu mice treated with killed Corynebacterium granulosum bacteria were tested for their effect on in vitro growth of syngeneic fibrosarcoma cells, tumorigenic mouse L-P59 cells, human malignant melanoma cells, allogeneic fibroblasts, erythrocytes, and epithelial kidney cells . Only the cell cultures having neoplastic properties were destroyed by stimulated macrophages; the rate of tumor cell destruction was greater as the ratio of effector to target cells was increased . Neither irradiation nor trypsinization of macrophage monolayers altered the cytotoxicity of stimulated macrophages . The results indicated that C . granulosum activated macrophages to destroy tumor cells in an immunologically nonspecific manner but had no cytotoxic effect on normal allogeneic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1975 Sep, 72(9), 3666 - 70 An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors; Carswell EA et al.; In studying "hemorrhagic necrosis" of tumors produced by endotoxin, it was found that the serum of bacillus Calmette--Guerin (BCG)-infected mice treated with endotoxin contains a substance (tumor necrosis factor; TNF) which mimics the tumor necrotic action of endotoxin itself . TNF-positive serum is as effective as endotoxin itself in causing necrosis of the sarcoma Meth A and other transplanted tumors . A variety of tests indicate that TNF is not residual endotoxin, but a factor released from host cells, probably macrophages, by endotoxin . Corynebacteria and Zymosan, which like BCG induce hyperplasia of the reticulo-endothelial system, can substitute for BCG in priming mice for release of TNF by endotoxin . TNF is toxic in vitro for two neoplastic cell lines; it is not toxic for mouse embryo cultures . We propose that TNF mediates endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis, and that it may be responsible for the suppression of transformed cells by activated macrophages. Trop Geogr Med, 1975 Sep, 27(3), 288 - 94 Scabies and other skin diseases in pre-school children in Ujamaa villages in Tanzania; Masawe AE et al.; A survey of skin diseases was carried out in pre-school children in five Ujamaa villages in Rufiji district and 532 children (5.3% of the total population) were screened . The results showed that scabies was the commonest skin problem affecting 31% of the children . Primary pyoderma and fungal infections were relatively less common and accounted for 7.0 and 2.4% respectively . Staphylococcus aureus, Group A beta haemolytic streptococci and Corynebacterium diphteriae were the commonest pathogeneic bacteria isolated from both infected scabies and primary pyoderma . Tinea capitis was similarly the commonest fungal infection and Microsporium audouinii was the main pathogen . The high prevalence of scabies was attributed to poor hygiene, overcrowding with intimate personal contact . The low prevalence of pyoderma was due to the fact that we did not include secondarily infected scabies and eczema amongst the cases of pyoderma. Am J Clin Pathol, 1975 Sep, 64(3), 378 - 81 Corynebacterium aquaticum septicemia . Characterization of the microorganisms; Weiner M et al.; An 85-year-old woman with the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis developed septicemia during hospitalization . Cultures of the patient's blood revealed the presence of Gram-variable coccobacilli, later identified as Corynebacterium aquaticum . The microorganisms grew aerobically on blood agar plates after incubation overnight . The colonies were convex, non-hemolytic and slightly yellow-pigmented . No growth was observed on MacConkey and endo agar plates . The organisms were catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, motile, and oxidized glucose and mannitol . The morphologic and biochemical properties of Corynebacterium aquaticum should be considered for separation from related organisms such as Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium species and oxidative Gram-negative rods that do not grow on MacConkey medium (Flavobacterium spp.). Cancer Res, 1975 Sep, 35(9), 2365 - 74 Effects of Corynebacterium granulosum on weight and histology of lymphoid organs, response to mitogens, skin allografts, and a syngeneic fibrosarcoma in mice; Milas L et al.; We studied the effect of single and multiple injections of Corynebacterium granulosum on weight and histology of lymph nodes and spleen, on peripheral white blood cell count, response of peripheral blood lymphocytes, lymph node, and spleen cells to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, survival of skin allografts, and lung metastases of a syngeneic fibrosarcoma in C3Hf/Bu mice . Corynebacterium parvum was used in some studies on antitumor activity . The weight of lymph nodes and spleen was markedly increased by single and multiple i.p . injections of C . granulosum, the peak enlargement occurring at Day 7 in lymph nodes and at Day 16 in spleen . Histologically, there was an extensive proliferation of nucleated cells in the enlarged organs . C . granulosum did not change the total white blood cell count but caused a temporary lymphopenia . In general, in vitro response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen of blood lymphocytes and spleen cells was decreased . Lymph node cell response to phytohemagglutinin was increased by small doses (0.025 mg) of C . granulosum, was not altered by a single large dose (0.5 mg), and was decreased by multiple doses . The response of lymph node cells to pokeweed mitogen was increased by all treatments . These changes in response to mitogens were demonstrable for about 2 months after treatment . Treatment i.v . with 0.1 or 0.25 mg of C . granulosum given before but not after grafting significantly prolonged the survival of grafted BALB/c skin . Smaller doses of this bacterium were not effective . Splenectomy of skin graft recipients did not prevent the effect of C . granulosum . Treatment i.p . or i.v . with this bacterium significantly decreased the number of lung metastases from i.v.-injected fibrosarcoma cells, even if the cells were injected 3 to 4 months later . The magnitude of this effect varied with the dose and frequency of injection of C . granulosum and C . parvum. Br J Cancer, 1975 Sep, 32(3), 310 - 22 The effect of Corynebacterium parvum therapy on immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass levels in cancer patients; James K et al.; Detailed serological studies have been undertaken in a small group of cancer patients receiving nonspecific immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum (C . parvum) . These patients included 4 cases of recurrent malignant melanoma, 2 of stomach cancer and 2 of recurrent breast cancer . They all received an initial i.v . infusion of 20 mg of a formol killed suspension of C . parvum followed by 2 mg (i.m.) at weekly intervals for 10-11 weeks . This protocol consistently resulted in an increase in the circulating IgG levels of all patients but had a variable effect on their IgA, IgM and IgE levels . Increases in the concentration of all 4 IgG subclasses contributed to the overall increase in IgG levels and these changes ranked IgG2 greater than IgG1 greater than IgG3 = IgG4 . It also had an inconsistent effect upon the levels of alpha-macroglobulin in pregnancy but the levels of normal serum alpha2-macroglobulin were virtually unchanged . Pre-existing antibodies to C . parvum were noted in all the patients . Titres rose appreciably following C . parvum administration and remained at high, though fluctuating levels, throughout the 100-day period of observation . Absorption studies suggested that the development of antibodies to C . parvum accounted in part for the increased IgG levels noted following this form of therapy . The significance of these changes in relation to the possible anti-tumour effect of C . parvum is discussed. Immunology, 1975 Aug, 29(2), 265 - 74 Modifications in the handling in vitro of 125I-labelled keyhole limpet haemocyanin by peritoneal macrophages from mice pretreated with the adjuvant Corynebacterium parvum; Wiener E et al.; Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from C . parvum-pretreated (CP) and normal CBAT6T6 mice and their in vitro handling of 125I-labelled Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (125I-labelled KLH) studied in relation to the humoral anti-KLH responses induced in corresponding animals . CP pretreatment exerted an adjuvant effect on the production of anti-KLH antibodies, both IgM and IgG, which was also demonstrable with a normally subimmunogenic dose of antigen . There was a clear difference between the handling of 125I-labelled KLH by CP and normal macrophages . The initial uptake of the antigen by CP macrophages was slower than that by normal ones . Moreover, 125I-labelled KLH was degraded to a lesser extent within CP macrophages, although the rates of antigen digestion were similar in both kinds of cells . The lower extent of 125I-labelled KLH degradation within the CP macrophages was due to a larger amount of antigen being retained on the cell membrane, where it escapes digestion . The findings suggest that intensified presentation to lymphocytes of antigen on the macrophage surface could be a causal factor in the adjuvant action of CP. Vet Med (Praha), 1975 Aug, 20(10), 477 - 81 {Etiology of mastitis in dairy cows in Slovakia during 1972-1974}; Havelka B; In the period from 1972 to 1974, veterinary institutes in Slovakia performed bacteriological examinations in 178,853 milk samples coming from 72,454 dairy cows . On an annual average, the number of examined samples was higher by 61% than in 1967-1971 . Germs responsible for the inflammation of the mammary gland were found in the milk of 22.32% of the dairy cows . The following bacterial germs were represented: Streptococcus agalactiae - 15.77%, Staphylococcus aureus - 4.19%, other streptococci - 1.49%, E . coli - 0.18%, Klebsiella sp . - 0.23%, Corynebacterium pyogenes - 0.20%, other germs - 0.26% . The number of dairy cows having bacterial germs in their milk was found higher by 1.47% than in 1967-1971 . The number of the findings of Streptococcus agalactiae was higher by 3.29% and that of Straphylococcus aureus by 1.15% than in the period from 1967 to 1971 . The higher number of the findings of the bacterial causative agents responsible for mastitis was due, in particular, to the increased number of the findings of Streptococcus agalactiae in milk. Vet Med (Praha), 1975 Aug, 20(8), 477 - 81 {Etiology of dairy cows mastitis in Slovakia in the years 1972-1974}; Havelka B; In the period from 1972 to 1974, veterinary institutes in Slovakia performed bacteriological examinations in 178,853 milk samples coming from 72,454 dairy cows . On an annual average, the number of examined samples were higher by 61% than in 1967-1971 . Germs responsible for the inflammation of the mammary gland were found in the milk of 22.32% of the dairy cows . The following bacterial germs were represented: Streptococcus agalactiae -- 15.77%, Staphylococcus aureus -- 4.19%, other streptococci -- 1.49%, E . coli -- 0.18%, Klebsiella sp . -- 0.23%, Corynebacterium pyogenes -- 0.20%, other germs -- 0.26% . The number of dairy cows having bacterial germs in their milk was found higher by 1.47% than in 1967-1971 . The number of the findings of Streptococcus agalactiae was higher by 3.29% and that of Staphylococcus aureus by 1.15% than in the period from 1967 to 1971 . The higher number of the findings of the bacterial causative agents responsible for mastitis was due, in particular, to the increased number of the findings of Streptococcus agalactiae in milk. Jpn J Microbiol, 1975 Aug, 19(4), 265 - 75 Chemical and immunological studies on the cell walls of Propionibacterium acnes strain C7 and Corynebacterium parvum ATCC 11829; Azuma I et al.; The chemical and immunological properties of the cell walls prepared from the cells of anaerobic coryneforms, Propionibacterium acnes C7 and Corynebacterium parvum ATCC 11829, were partially investigated . The cell walls prepared from P . acnes C7 and C . parvum ATCC 11829 were composed of fatty acids, polysaccharides consisting glucose, galactose and mannose and mucopeptides consisting mainly of alanine, glutamic acid, alpha, epsilon-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, muramic acid and glucosamine . As the fatty acid constituents of the cell wall of P . acnes C7, iso-pentadecanoic acid and iso-heptadecanoic acid were detected as major components . Both cell walls prepared from P . acnes C7 and C . parvum ATCC 11829 showed potent adjuvant activity on the formation of circulating antibody and development of delayed type hypersensitivity in vivo and on the primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro, however, could not augment helper function of carrier-primed T cells and on the development of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to mastocytoma P815-X2 cells in C57BL/6J mice . It is also shown that the cell walls of P . acnes C7 and C . parvum ATCC 11829 act on mouse spleen cells as mitogen. Jpn J Microbiol, 1975 Aug, 19(4), 255 - 64 Adjuvant activity of mycobacterial fractions . III . Adjuvant effect of cell wall of Mycobacterium bovis BCG on cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice; Taniyama T et al.; A quantitative assay and characterization of oil-attached cell wall of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG-CWS) which stimulates cell-mediated immunity of spleen cells to alloantigens in mice were carried out by an in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity test using 51Cr-labeled target cells . C57BL/6J mice (H-2b) were immunized intraperitoneally with mastocytoma cells (H-2d) with or without oil-attached BCG-CWS . The cytotoxicity, comparable to that of spleen cells from mice immunized with mastocytoma cells (3 X 10(7)), could be induuced in spleens of mice immunized with a mixture of mastocytoma cells (10(4)) and oil-attached BCG-CWS . The enhancing effect persisted from 55 days or more after the alloantigenic immunization . Oil-attached BCG-CWS enhanced cell-mediated cytotoxicity of T cells in the spleen and the mesenteric lymph node, but not in the thymus . The cytotoxicity showed specificity toward the alloantigen used for immunization . In addition to BCG-CWS, the cell walls of Nocardia rubra and Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8 and the peptidoglycolipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aoyama B were found to be potent stimulants of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice . Oil-attached BCG-CWS did not enhance humoral response to mastocytoma cells but enhanced cell-mediated cytotoxicity when viable mastocytoma cells were used as antigen . The above result was supported by the fact that anti-hapten antibody response induced by viable trinitrophenyl (TNP)-mastocytoma cells (10(4)) plus oil-attached BCG-CWS did not increase to the maximum levels as was observed in mice immunized with a larger number of mastocytoma cells (3 X 10(7)) alone, while cell-mediated cytotoxicity induced by the same treatment increased to the maximum level obtained by immunization with mastocytoma cells (3 X 10(7)) alone. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 1975 Jul 15, 167(2), 154 - 5 Posthitis in Angora wethers; Shelton M et al.; Posthitis was diagnosed as an economic problem of Angora wether goats . Affected goats had a scabby or ulcerated prepuce, with a distorted or pinhole preputial orifice . Some goats were able to urinate only by excessive straining . Cultural examination revealed a Corynebacterium sp capable of hydrolyzing urea, similar in all respects to the organism associated with a similar problem with Merino wethers in Australia . Necessary predisposing factors are considered to be a castrated animal consuming a high protein diet and infection with the urea-hydrolyzing organism. Am J Med, 1975 Jul, 59(1), 129 - 33 Cell wall-deficient bacterial variant cultural surveillance . A useful laboratory aid; Irwin RS et al.; A cell wall-deficient variant of Corynebacterium species was isolated from the blood of a patient with a chronic febrille illness of unkown etiology . He was given antimicrobial therapy, to which both variant and reverted bacterial forms of this organism were sensitive, and he recovered . Cultural surveillance for cell wall-deficient organisms was not only helpful in confirming the presence of infection in our patient but also in following his clinical course once antimicrobial therapy had been instituted. Jikken Dobutsu, 1975 Jul, 24(3), 103 - 10 {Latent infection with Corynebacterium kutscheri in mice after peroral inoculation and its provocation by cortisone (author's transl)}; Yokoiyama S et al.; Latent infection with Corynebacterium kutscheri in mice and its provocation by cortisone were studied with a rifampicin-resistant strain of the organism . Mice having been infected perorally began to excrete the organisms in feces within 6 hours, and most of them were found to be carrying the organisms in the intestine, especially in the cecum even 90 days after infection . In such state of latency, however, no organisms were detected in other main organs, and neither visible lesions nor serum agglutinin was detectable . The latent infection with excretion of the organisms in feces after peroral infection was shown to become overt and fatal by cortisone treatment made even 90 days after infection . In infected mice excreting no organisms in feces and having bites on their skin, the wounds became severe ulcers after cortisone treatment resulting in septicemia. Health Lab Sci, 1975 Jul, 12(3), 219 - 24 New medium for isolation of Corynebacterium vaginale from genital specimens; Smith RF; Corynebacterium vaginale was isolated from 48 (23.4%) cervical, vaginal, and urethral swabbings of 205 female outpatients . A new medium modified from peptone starch dextrose agar was used to isolate C . vaginale from most specimens . The new medium contained starch without dextrose with brom cresol purple added . With the exception of certain strains of streptococci, C . vaginale was the only organism isolated from genital specimens that grew and fermented starch on the medium . The new medium provided a rapid means of detecting and isolating C . vaginale compared to other media, and for estimating the relative predominance of the organism in mixed culture . Gram strains were used to detect clue cells in direct smears of clinical material . These cells were detected in only 12 of 48 specimens from which C . vaginale was isolated . Smears on 8 additional specimens contained clue cells but C . vaginale was not isolated . Purple broth base was superior to cystine trypticase agar for confirmatory tests with C . vaginale. Aust Vet J, 1975 Jul, 51(7), 351 - 4 A pathological and bacteriological abattoir survey of the reproductive tracts of merino ewes in Western Australia; Adams NR; Macroscopic examination of 487 ewe reproductive tracts from 18 different sources was made at Perth abattoirs . Of these, 194 were examined microscopically and 217 bacteriologically . Observations were made during March to May, when ewes were not grazing oestrogenic pasture . Significant lesions in ovaries or oviducts were rare . Macroscopic cysts were found in the uterus or cervix of 159 ewes (32.7%) . Microscopic lesions, including uterine or cervical cysts and squamous metaplasia or goblet cell hyperplasia of the epithelium, were observed in 76% of ewes studied . Bacteria were isolated from 59 ewes, the most common genera being Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Streptococcus and Bacillus . Escherichia coli and streptococci appeared to be the most commonly associated with endometritis . Presence of bacteria was closely associated with endometritis and with cysts in the cervix . Endometritis was observed microscopically in 48 ewes (24%) and was significantly associated with the presence of cysts in the uterus or cervix . These results suggest that there is a high incidence of clover disease lesions in West Australian ewes, and that under commercial conditions clover disease may cause functional damage to the cervix, allowing passage of bacteria and resulting in endometritis. Mikrobiologiia, 1975 Jul-Aug, 44(4), 714 - 9 {Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus isolated from lake water}; Zhdanov AV et al.; Two microbial strains have been isolated from lake water . The strains oxidize ferrous compounds and manganese . By the structure of microcolonies and the character of deposited oxides of these metals, the strains are identical to the genus Siderocapsa . However, according to their growth cycle and some morpho-physiological characteristics, they were included into the genus Arthrobacter (Corynebacteriaceae) . Since these microorganisms differ, by their cultural and morpho-physiological properties, from other species of this genus, they were classed as a new species . Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus nov . sp. Am J Clin Pathol, 1975 Jul, 64(1), 116 - 20 Bacterial interference by Streptococcus salivarius; Bill NJ et al.; A strain of streptococcus salivarius, recognized in a throat culture because of its inhibition of the growth of a species of Corynebacterium, was studied in vitro to determine its antagonistic effects agains various other bacteria . It was found to be inhibitory to anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, streptococci belonging to Lancefields groups A, C, F, and G, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C . hofmanii, and C . xerosis. Br J Cancer, 1975 Jul, 32(1), 34 - 41 Effect of local injection of Corynebacterium parvum on the growth of a murine fibrosarcoma; Woodruff MF et al.; Local injection (i.e . injection at the site of tumour inoculation) of strains of C . Parvum which have a significant anti-tumour effect when given systemically (i.e . intravenously or, in the case of subcutaneous tumour transplant, intraperitoneally) strongly inhibits the growth of isogeneic transplants of a fibrosarcoma in intact CBA mice but has little or no effect on subcutaneous transplants of the same tumour in T-cell deprived mice . The anti-tumour effect of local injection of C . parvum, unlike that of systemic injection in this particular tumour system, thus appears to be T-cell dependent. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1975 Jul, 55(1), 29 - 33 Daily intravenous infusions of Corynebacterium parvum in twenty patients with disseminated cancer: a preliminary report of clinical and biologic findings; Israel L et al.; Twenty terminally ill patients with various disseminated tumors were treated with daily iv infusions of Corynebacterium parvum given alone at doses of 4 mg/day, 5 days/week, for 4-16 weeks . In 8 patients (40%), the lesions partially regressed to less than 50% of their original size . Another patient who did not improve with C . parvum therapy had a complete remission after the first course of chemotherapy . Skin tests, total leukocyte counts, and T- and B-cell counts revealed variable and unpredictable changes . Phytohemagglutinin- and concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis tended to increase . Of 10 patients, 8 had a significant decrease in serum C3 levels after completion of C . parvum therapy, possibly due to an increased C3 consumption by macrophages activated by the immunostimulant . That nonspecific immune stimulation after repeated iv infusions of an immunostimulant can by itself induce regression in disseminated disease does not agree with the current concept that immunotherapy can be effective only against minimal residual disease . The therapeutic procedure proposed here, though frequently associated with moderate short-lasting side effects, is devoid of serious toxicity. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1975 Jul, (7), 30 - 3 {Use of the corycin test and of bacteriophage typing for genetic marking of corynebacteria with reference to C . diphtheriae of the gravis type}; Krylova MD et al.; Nontoxigenic C . diphtheria, fermenting starch, of convertible phage types ABCDFCH, ABCDFG, ABCDF, ABCD, ABD, ACDf, CDf, AF and A, and also strains of nonconvertible bacteriophage types I, H and K proved to be noncoricynogenic in the corycine test and weakly sensitive to bacteriocin of the No . 3463 test strain (a study was made of a total of 502 strains) . Strains (383) isolated from 354 patients and carriers--starch-fermenting and toxigenic to the gravis type--were toxigenic were lysed by a combination of bacteriophages O, P, Q, R, S, T produced an active bacteriocine against the test strains No . 23 BC, and were insensitive to bacteriocine of the strain No . 3453 . Strains of phage type G(g) were noncorycinogenic . Only one strain of phage type G, which produced corycine, active against the test strain No . 23 BC served as an exception . With the aid of phages A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I, K it was possible to separate 244 strains of the phage type G(g) into 3 phage types--bc, ABfGH and Abg . Strains of phage type ABfGH were noncorycinogenic; the only strain of phage type bG available produced bacteriocine. Biokhimiia, 1975 Jul-Aug, 40(4), 819 - 23 {Enzymatic properties of neuraminidase from corynebacterium diptherial}; Khorlin IIa et al.; Enzymatic properties of neuraminidase isolated from non-toxigenic strain C7 of diphteritic bacteria are studied . The enzyme has the pH optimum 5.5--6.0 in acetate buffer and the temperature optimum 38 degrees C . Neuraminidase has the highest substrate affinity to glycoproteins of equine blood serum, the lowest affinity--to 3-N-acetylneuraminosyllactose and ovomucin . The Km values was 4.3-10(-4) at optimal conditions under the hydrolysis of 3-N-acetylneuraminosyllactose, Vm was 0.05+/-0.02 muM NANA/hour/mg of protein . The following esters of N-glyconoyl-glycine were shown to be competitive inhibitors of neuraminidase: 1) methyl ester of 3-aza-4-oxo-2,3,4-trideoxy-D-arabinooctonic acid; 2) methyl ester of 3-aza-4-oxo-2,3,4-trideoxy-D-glucoheptodecanic acid; 3) methyl ester of 3-aza-4-oxo-2,3,4-trideoxy-D-galactonic acid; 4) methyl ester of 3-aza-4-oxo-2,3,4-trideoxy-D-gluconic acid, Ki values being 6.5-10(-4), 4.5-10(-4); 9.5-10(-4) and 7.1-(10-3) M, respectively. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1975 Jul, 55(1), 65 - 72 Potentiation of the tumor-specific immune response by Corynebacterium parvum; Scott MT; Strong, specific, cell-mediated antitumor immunity resulted from the sc injection into mice of Corynebacterium parvum (CP) mixed with irradiated cells from mastocytoma P815 (MA), whereas injection of irradiated MA alone was without effect . Maximum immunity was achieved with small doses of CP, and the injection sites of CP and irradiated MA did not need to be coincident but required common lymphoid drainage for immunity to result . The process was largely T-cell dependent but not dependent on the development of a specific immune response to CP; it was also demonstrable and effective in a therapy situation . No such immunity was evident after systemic administration of CP and irradiated MA . Simultaneous systemic injection of CP and irradiated MA did, however, nonspecifically reduce the enhancing effect of systemic injection of irradiated MA alone.
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