|
|
|
|
|
|
Scand J Infect Dis, 1978, 10(2), 146 - 8 Septicemia and meningitis caused by Fusobacterium aquatile; Maller R et al.; A case of septicemia and meningitis caused by Fusobacterium aquatile is described . The insidious onset of the megningitis and occurrence of multiple cranial nerve affections were outstanding features . In spite of adequate antibiotic treatment the course was protracted, and the outcome was permanent damage to 3 of the affected cranial nerves. HNO, 1978 Jan, 26(1), 9 - 18 {Morphological changes in the middle ear and tubal lining through antibiotic treatment (author's transl)}; Zechner G; Chemotherapy has not only changes the clinical picture but also the pathological features of otitis media . As a consequence, reactive forms of the middle ear mucosa include purulent inflammation as well as cellular proliferation and granulation . Complications result from defective healing caused by the inability of the mucosa to organize clearance of the tympanic cleft . Because of a lack of drainage, the effusion remains in situ and alters the function of the middle ear mucosa . Subsequently, the inflammatory reaction diminishes, as can be seen on smears from tympanic effusions . Leucocytes are more or less displaced by phagocytes . We also gave special attention to morphological details in the Eustachian tube . We could demonstrate the great importance of the mucosa as a defence mechanism against infection . The so-called tubal tonsil is an important part of the local immune organ system . The salivary glands adjacent to the tube provide a secretion, which allows the ciliary activity to function . Surface active substances in the secretion influence the opening mechanism of the tube . In disease states, disturbances of this secretion may prevent ventilation of the tympanic cleft. J Trauma, 1977 Dec, 17(12), 972 - 4 Traumatic rupture of a renal cell carcinoma; Woodside JR et al.; After sustaining very minor trauma, a man presented with flank pain and fever . A complete clinical and radiological evaluation led to exploration for suspected ruptured renal carbuncle with perinephric abscess . A ruptured renal cell carcinoma was found . Differential diagnostic considerations include renal tumor, abscess, cyst, and hydronephrotic kidney . Radical nephrectomy is indicated if the contralateral kidney can sustain life . The patient shows no sign of recurrence or metastases 4 months following antibiotic treatment and nephrectomy followed by chemotherapy and radiation of the renal bed. J Clin Pathol, 1977 Sep, 30(9), 851 - 6 Two cases of monoclonal immunoglobulins with antistreptolysin activity: clinical and laboratory study; Lustermans FA et al.; In two patients with a persisting, high antistreptolysin titre the antistreptolysin activity in both cases resided exclusively in a monoclonal IgG component in the serum . This component had all the characteristics of a true antibody . A history in both patients of arthritis with or without angina suggested that the monoclonal antibodies were reactive in origin, although definite proof was lacking . In one case there was a suggestion of incipient myeloma . Whenever an extremely high antistreptolysin titre persists after antibiotic treatment the possibility of paraproteinaemia should be considered. Ann Intern Med, 1977 Sep, 87(3), 305 - 8 Antibiotic treatment of renal carbuncle; Schiff M Jr et al.; Renal carbuncles in seven young males were successfully treated with long-term administration of penicillinase-resistant antibiotics . Selective renal arteriography provided an accurate means of diagnosis and permitted a trial of medical therapy . All patients experienced a prompt and sustained clincial remission; surigical exploration was thus obviated in all but one instance, in which post-treatment radiographic changes persisted. Sex Transm Dis, 1977 Jul-Sep, 4(3), 100 - 2 Ruptured bilateral synovial cysts in presumed gonococcal arthritis; Terho P et al.; A man with gonococcal urethritis who developed septic arthritis of both knees is described . The arthritis was complicated by rupture of bilateral synovial cysts . A rise in serum gonococcal complement-fixation antibody titer was demonstrated . Complement-fixing gonococcal antibodies with a high titer were observed in this synovial fluid . The patient responded well to antibiotic treatment and there was no permanent damage to his knee joints. Pediatr Ann, 1977 Jul, 6(7), 18 - 9, 22-3, 25 passim Acute pneumonia in the newborn: changing picture; Chawla H et al.; Pneumonia is one of the most serious infections in the neonate and is responsible for a large percentage of neonatal mortality . Pneumonia in a premature or term infant who is debilitated by an underlying problem such as hyaline membrane disease carries an extremely high morbidity and mortality . Since most of the bacterial pneumonias are treatable, early recognition and diagnosis and vigorous treatment are essential . X-ray findings, though helpful, serve only as a guideline . Prognosis is adversely affected if pneumonia results in generalized sepsis, leading to meningitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and osteomyelitis . Prompt antibiotic treatment should be begun before the etiologic agent or drug susceptibility is known. Cancer, 1977 Jun, 39(6), 2579 - 83 Role of bacterial overgrowth in the malabsorption syndrome of primary small intestinal lymphoma in Iran; Russell RM et al.; Malabsorption studies were performed on five Iranian patients with primary small intestinal lymphoma . The effect of oral tetracycline (1.0 g daily) was also studied in three of the above subjects . The results of breath tests (utilizing glycine-1-14C-cholic acid) were abnormal in all five subjects before the antibiotic treatment . Oral tetracycline had a striking effect towards normalizing the results of breath tests . Schilling tests (with intrinsic factor) improve in two patients and steatorrhea improved in all and there was significant weight gain . The antibiotic had no apparent effect on D-xylose or folate absorption tests . It is concluded that bacterial overgrowth in the small intestinal lumen is an important contributory factor to the malabsorption syndrome of this disease. Arch Surg . 1977 May;112(5):668. Bypass enteritis or obstructive volvulus? Sanders GB. In a consecutive series of 40 Scott-type jejunoileal shunts for morbid obesity, only two patients had the bypassed bowel drained end-to-side into the midsigmoid colon . In both of these patients, typical "bypass enteritis" as described by Passaro developed, but they were found to have volvulus at the sigmoid anastomosis . Both were cured by take-down of the anastomosis and reimplantation of the bypassed bowel into the transverse colon . No antibiotic treatment was found necessary . We suspect that obstruction of a mechanical nature plays a basic role in most, if not all, cases of "bypassed enteritis." Cancer, 1977 May, 39(5), 2081 - 101 Pathological study of alpha-chain disease, with special emphasis on evolution; Galian A et al.; The pathology of six cases of alpha-chain disease (alpha-CD), four of which were followed until complete remission or death, was studied by histologic, immunofluorescence and ultrastructural techniques . The lesions could be classified in three histopographical stages . The late stage C is an immunoblastic sarcoma probably deriving from the same clone as the initial plasmacytic stage A, stage B being a transitional one between A and C . The asynchronism of the lesions in different organs in the same patient requires a laparotomy for an accurate staging which determines the prognosis and the treatment . Complete and prolonged remissions have been observed at stage A only, sometimes with oral antibiotic treatment alone . At all stages, alpha-CD and the "Mediterranean lymphoma" share identical aetiological, clinical and pathological features . Accurate immunological studies will determine the precise-frequency of alpha-CD protein synthesis in the latter syndrome. Pathol Biol (Paris), 1977 May, 25(5), 345 - 52 {Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections . General review of 31 cases of septicemia with endocarditis reported in the literature (author's transl)}; Freland C; Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is widely distributed in nature (animal, soil) . It is commonly known as the causative agent of cutaneous lesions called "erysipeloid of Rosenbach" . Only 31 cases of bacterial endocarditis have been reported in the literature . The etiologic diagnosis of Esysipelothrix infection was established by the presence of bacteria in blood cultures or heart-valve cultures . Immunological study is unusual owing to the rapid course of the infection . The histologic observation of heart lesions corroborates the diagnosis . The patient's receptivity depends on his occupation, general health (importance of rheumatic heart disease), sex (male), age (from 40 to 60 years old), but also on the season (from July to October) and climate (temperate) . With the exception of the few cases where it is possible to recognize a portal of entry of infection or the appearance of typical cutaneous manifestations, bacterial endocarditis due to Erysipelothrix presents a clinical picture similar to that of most other bacterial endocarditis . The antibiotic treatment is an association of penicillin-streptomycin, administered in large doses over a period of at least four weeks . In spite of intensive therapy, many patients died. Arch Dis Child, 1977 Apr, 52(4), 330 - 1 Conservative treatment of a BCG osteomyelitis of the femur; Pauker M et al.; A 3-year-old boy presented with an osteolytic lesion and periosteal reaction in the distal metaphysis of the right femur which failed to respond to immobilization and intensive antibiotic treatment . Since the infection seemed to be of low virulence and fewer than 4 years had elapsed since BCG vaccination BCG osteomyelitis was suspected . Tuberculostatic treatment led to rapid recovery and surgical measures were unnecessary. Am J Dis Child, 1977 Apr, 131(4), 416 - 7 Quadriceps contracture as a result of multiple intramuscular injection; McCloskey JR et al.; Quadriceps contracture in children can result from multiple intramuscular injections . We describe here seven patients with this complication . These patients were unable to completely flex the involved knee . At surgery, extensive fibrosis of the quadriceps muscle was found . Lengthening of the scar and contracted muscle and tendon restored a good deal of flexion . If long-term antibiotic treatment is anticipated, the intravenous route should be employed if possible. Fortschr Med, 1977 Feb 17, 95(7), 397 - 9 {Epididymitis and fertility . Treatment results in acute unspecific epididymitis}; Ludwig G et al.; Spermiograms of 46 patients were examined 8 days, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after acute unilateral non-specific epididymitis . The treatment consisted in 24 cases besides antibiotic treatment with doxycycline in local infiltrations of the spermatic cord with 1% Scandicain solution . Primarily there was found an inhibiting effect on spermatogenesis . In more than 2/3 of the cases a varying oligoasthenospermia was shown 8 days after beginning of the infection . In the further course this disturbance of fertility improves; if local infiltration of the spermatic cord with 1% Scandicain solution is performed, the improvement is more evident . Still, there remain about 20% of the cases in which the fertility disturbance is so severe, that sterility results . One year after the beginning of the infection spermagglutinating antibodies could be shown only in 1 case . The seminal fluid fructose was controlled over 1 year following the beginning of infection and found to be normal in all cases. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol, 1977 Feb, 181(1), 55 - 8 {Severe infections in the newborn after direct kardiototography during delivery (author's transl)}; Hohenauer L et al.; In a total of 720 CTG-controlled newborns two cases of severe septic general infections were observed; a full-term baby showed an extensive skin of the head phlegmone and meningitis purulenta, both conditions caused by Bacteria coli . A pre-term baby developed suppuration at the site of the CTG-wound and a pulmonary abscess under a general septic condition . The tracheal secretion culture of the patient contained Bacteria pyozyanea . In the case of the full-term child histologic evidence of a chorion infection was established . Both children recovered . Therefore, as we see it, the application of direct cardiotokography makes extensive antiseptic measures and thorough examination of the newborn for infectious complications imperative, a general antibiotic treatment, however, is not considered indicated. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1977 Jan 20, 474(2), 279 - 92 Synthesis and soluble pools of ribosomal proteins in Rhodopseudomonas palustris; Bhatnagar YM et al.; The specific antibodies prepared against two purified ribosomal proteins (19 and 24) and total 66-S ribosomal proteins have been utilized to measure free ribosomal proteins in Rhodopseudomonas palustris . The free ribosomal protein pool (66 S) amounts to 1-2% of the total soluble proteins of R . palustris . In addition, the size of free ribosomal protein pool (66 S) is calculated to be approx . 7% of the total ribosomal protein on the mature 66-S ribosomes from the pulse-labelling data . A study of the pool size indicates that ribosomal proteins are synthesized at a constant rate during exponential growth . However, during abnormal conditions such as antibiotic treatment, individual ribosomal proteins behave in a manner distinct from the average behavior of total 66-S ribosomal proteins . The co-ordination in the biosynthesis of free ribosomal proteins is no longer apparent during dhloramphenicol treatment . Measurements on the free ribosomal protein pools following physiological stress treatment indicate that during the recovery period, rate of ribosome assembly is greater than the rate of ribosomal protein synthesis. G Ital Cardiol, 1977, 7(5), 482 - 93 {Infectious endocarditis in patients with intracardiac prosthesis (author's transl)}; Sanguinetti M et al.; Infectious endocarditis involving intracardiac prosthesis continues to be a common and dangerous complication of cardiac surgery, but the incidence and severity of the disease are probably underestimated in this country . 14 cases of prosthetic endocarditis observed in a 5 years period are reported in this paper . 7 were early cases and 7 late cases . Etiology, clinical course, and pathological lesions, were similar in the two groups, while mortality was higher in the first group (100%) than in the second (85%) . Delay in the diagnosis, negative blood cultures in a third of all cases, and doubts in indications for surgery, were the main reasons for a higher mortality than usual . Only one patient was reoperated on, unsuccessfully, but no patient who had not improved after two weeks of correct antibiotic treatment, survived; such cases, especially if diagnosis has been late and/or blood cultures negative, should be reoperated on without delay . The greatest efforts should be made in the prevention of the disease and, in particular, pre-operative and late post-operative prophylaxis should become more rigid and systematic. J Laryngol Otol, 1977 Jan, 91(1), 55 - 62 Acute spreading osteomyelitis of the skull complicating frontal sinusitis; Thomas JN et al.; Three patients with acute spreading osteomyelitis of the skull complicating a frontal sinusitis are presented . The pathology and clinical features of this complication are discussed . Early rigorous antibiotic treatment accompanied by surgical intervention to drain purulent collections in the sinuses and scalp has been effective in controlling the disease . One patient required a craniectomy for removal of an area of chronic ostemoyelitis . The other two patients maintained on antibiotics for three months have shown no evidence of progression to chronic osteomyelitis and have remained free from relapse. Am J Epidemiol, 1977 Jan, 105(1), 56 - 67 A comparison of serologic methods for diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Philip RN et al.; Sera referred to the North Carolina Division of Health Services for rickettsial serology in 1974 were tested by complement fixation (CF), microimmunofluorescence (micro-IF), microagglutination (MA) and hemagglutination (HA) for antibodies against Rickettsia rickettsii . There was good agreement among micro-IF,MA and HA tests in detecting antibody responses to this agent, but the CF test was definitely less sensitive than the others, even in illnesses with classical clinical manifestations of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) . Some variables that seemed to influence the CF result were the slow rate of increase in antibody titers, timing of serum collection, early antibiotic treatment and possibly, the particular association of CF antibody response with the IgG immunoliobulin class . Greater use of these newer, but relatively untried, serodiagnostic procedures is recommended infuture studies of RMSF. J Bacteriol, 1977 Jan, 129(1), 254 - 64 Relation of cell growth and colicin tolerance to vitamin B12 uptake in Escherichia coli; Kadner RJ et al.; The uptake of vitamin B12 was measured in cells of Escherichia coli whose growth had been inhibited by any of a variety of treatments . In all cases, the secondary, energy-dependent phase of B12 uptake was depressed in proportion to the decrease in growth rate, but uptake was constant in cells growing logarithmically at different rates . The depression of B12 uptake activity was independent of the site of cell metabolism affected by the inhibitor or by its effect on cell viability, and was both more rapid and of greater degree than the effects on the uptake of any of the six amino acids tested . The decline was not affected by inhibitors of either cell division or proteolysis and was manifested without any apparent decrease in the surface B12 binding activity . Transport activity was rapidly regained upon reversal of the inhibition of protein synthesis . Prompted by this response, the uptake of B12 was contrasted to the apparent uptake of the E colicins, which share the same outer membrane receptor . Sensitivity to colicin E1, measured by its inhibition of proline uptake, was not affected by growth inhibition by antibiotic treatment . Finally, there was no specific depression of B12 uptake in cells rendered colicin tolerant either by mutation or as a consequence of phage f1 infection. Ophthalmologica, 1977, 174(1), 52 - 4 Prophylactic antibiotics in cataract surgery; Romem M et al.; The value of preoperative cultures, sensitivity tests and prophylactic preoperative antibiotic treatment was evaluated in a group of senile, uncomplicated lens extractions . Sulfacetamide or a mixture of chloramphenicol and polymixin were applied preoperatively for 1 week and an injection of penicillin and streptomycin was given postoperatively . A control group of 140 cases without treatment was also studied . No postoperative infections developed in either group . The number of pathogenic cultures was significantly smaller in the treated group as compared with the untreated one; the mixture of chloramphenicol and polymixin B sulfate was found to be superior to sulfacetamide, different clinical data was compared in the two groups . No postoperative infections developed in either group. Angiology, 1976 Dec, 27(12), 730 - 3 Venous thrombosis in childhood . A case report and review of the literature; Balas P et al.; Venous thrombosis in childhood is an extremely rare condition . The etiologic factors in childhood are different than in the adult . Generalized infection seems to play the main etiologic role, and for this reason antibiotic treatment is usually necessary . Anticoagulant treatment is mandatory; however its application presents many difficulties . The administration of calcium-heparin subcutaneously for a long time is feasible, well-controlled, without side effects and highly effective . The authors therefore strongly recommended this anticoagulant treatment in childhood. J Laryngol Otol, 1976 Nov, 90(11), 1033 - 40 Immunoelectrophoretic study of proteins in middle ear effusion . A study of secretory otitis media in children; Pahor AL et al.; An immunoelectrophoretic study of the proteins of middle ear effusions in children with secretory otitis media is described . The findings support the view that the effusion is an exudate as a result of mucosal reaction . The protein content of the fluid appears to decrease as the condition becomes more chronic, and this seems to be enhanced by antibiotic treatment . In cases of bilateral disease, the ears may be in a quite different pathological phase, thus each ear should be treated independently. Ann Thorac Surg, 1976 Nov, 22(5), 464 - 72 Surgical treatment of acute aortic regurgitation in infective endocarditis; Krishnaswami V et al.; During a six-year period 15 consecutive patients with isolated aortic regurgitation due to infective endocarditis were encountered . None had prior significant aortic valve disease . Elective valve replacement was performed in 13 patients; emergency operation was needed in only 1 patient because of intractable pulmonary edema . One patient died suddenly from acute heart block while undergoing medical treatment . Preoperative cardiac catheterization studies in 10 of the 14 patients revealed gross elevations of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, pulmonary hypertension, depressed cardiac output, and 3 to 4+ aortic regurgitation . There was 1 early and 1 late postoperative death, both due to systemic embolism, yielding an overall surgical mortality of 14% . After a mean follow-up of 18 months, 10 of the 11 patients are in New York Heart Association Functional Class I . Most patients with acute aortic regurgitation secondary to infective endocarditis have clinically observable congestive heart failure and will eventually require valve replacement . If congestive heart failure can be stabilized by a medical regimen, a course of antibiotic therapy can be administered and elective valve replacement can be performed . The time taken for preoperative antibiotic treatment is not associated with irreversible myocardial damage sufficient to influence the results of operation. Am J Dis Child, 1976 Oct, 130(10), 1104 - 8 Hypokalemia associated with antibiotic treatment . Evidence in children with malignant neoplasms; Stapleton FB et al.; A patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia developed hypokalemia during two separate courses of antibiotic therapy . In a review of 33 children from our institution with various malignant neoplasms, 24 of 48 antibiotic courses were associated with hypokalemia that could not be explained by gastrointestinal fluid losses . Carbenicillin disodium, gentamicin sulfate, and methicillin sodium or nafcillin sodium combination therapy was associated with hypokalemia in 23 of 35 courses in which serum electrolytes were monitored . No correlation between hypokalemia and the stage of the basic disease or the use of antineoplastic agents was found with this antibiotic combination . Our data and a review of the literature suggest that carbenicillin produces hypokalemia through an impermeant anion effect on the renal tubule . Children receiving carbenicillin should be monitored with frequent serum potassium determinations. Ric Clin Lab, 1976 Oct-Dec, 6(4), 319 - 25 The problem of infections in acute leukemias . Personal experience in diagnosis and treatment; Serra P et al.; This report is based on experience over the last 5 years in the diagnosis and treatment of infections in 200 acute leukemic patients hospitalized in the Institute of Haematology, University of Rome . The relevant clinical and laboratory findings are discussed in relation to the diagnosis of secondary infections . Most of the febrile episodes were associated with infection . The frequently rapid development of the infections in these patients requires empirical antibiotic treatment . The best results were obtained when the combinations carbenicillin-cephalothin-gentamicin (success rate of 65%), and carbenicillin-cephalothin-gentamicin-lyncomycin-methicillin (success rate of 62%), were used as empirical therapy. Br Med J, 1976 Sep 4, 2(6035), 556 - 9 Randomised controlled trial of antibiotics in patients with cough and purulent sputum; Stott NC et al.; Two hundred and twelve adults with cough and purulent sputum of up to one week's duration were allocated randomly to treatment with doxycycline or placebo capsules for up to 10 days . Cough, purulent sputum, feeling "off colour," and time off work lasted as long in treatment and control groups, but running nose persisted for a shorter time in the doxycycline group . The number of new episodes of lower respiratory tract infections, vaginal infections, gastrointestinal upsets, and otitis media over the next six months were the same in both groups, but fewer new upper respiratory infections were experienced by the doxycycline-treated patients . There is no consensus among doctors about using antibiotics in patients with cough and purulent sputum, and these results indicate that otherwise healthy people with these symptoms will usually get better without antibiotic treatment. Circulation, 1976 Jul, 54(1), 140 - 5 Valve ring abscess in active infective endocarditis . Frequency, location, and clues to clinical diagnosis from the study of 95 necropsy patients; Arnett EN et al.; Analysis of 95 necropsy patients with active infective endocarditis (AIE) involving 128 native cardiac valves (aortic = 59, mitral = 48, tricuspid = 20, and pulmomic = 1) disclosed 27 patients with ring abscesses involving 30 valves: the aortic valve ring was infected in 24 patients and only an atrioventricular valve ring (mitral in two, and tricuspid in one) in three patients . Comparison of the following parameters showed no significant differences between the 27 patients with and the 68 patients without ring abscess: age, sex, antibiotic treatment or length of treatment, status of the cardiac valve(s) before infection, and the kind of infecting organism . Comparison of the following parameters, however, showed significant (P less than 0.05) differences between the 27 patients with and the 68 patients without valve ring abscess: 1) infection of the aortic valve; 2) occurrence of valvular regurgitation of recent origin; 3) presence of pericarditis; 4) presence of high degree of atrioventricular block; and 5) short duration of symptoms leading to severe debility or death . These five features, therefore, serve as a clinical clues to the presence of valve ring abscess in patients with AIE. Ann Surg, 1976 Jun, 183(6), 667 - 71 A prospective study to determine the efficacy of antibiotics in acute pancreatitis; Finch WT et al.; This study is a double "blind" prospective evaluation of the efficacy of antibiotics (Ampicillin) in the treatment of acute alcohol-induced and idiopathic pancreatitis . Fifty-eight patients with acute pancreatitis were randomly divided into antibiotic and non-antibiotic treatment groups . The two groups were comparable clinically at the onset of the study and other than for antibiotics received identical therapy . The patients without antibiotics had a clinical course equal or slightly more favorable than the antibiotic treatment group in all parameters examined . These data indicate that prophylactic use of Ampicillin is not indicated in patients with routine acute alcohol-induced or idiopathic pancreatitis . The role of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with pancreatitis related to biliary calculi and those with more severe varieties of acute hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis remains to be more clearly defined. Arch Ophtalmol (Paris), 1976 Jun-Jul, 36(6-7), 453 - 64 {Ocular localizations of disseminated candidiasis}; Gajdos-Preuss A et al.; The frequency of disseminated candida infections has considerably increased in the last five years . A presentation of 9 cases of disseminated candida infections localised to the choroid and retina: --review of the literature; --discussion on factors favouring the development of disseminated candida infections, poor general state, antibiotic treatment, impairment of immunological defenses, abdominal or cardio-vascular intervention; --discussion of local and general diagnostic and prognostic features. Am J Gastroenterol, 1976 Feb, 65(2), 148 - 51 Liver actinomycosis: a case report; Golematis B et al.; A case of liver actinomycosis successfully treated with high doses of penicillin for a long period after surgery is reported . The unusual location of the disease and early detection difficulties delayed the diagnosis and establishment of proper treatment, causing additional liver damage . Serum globulin levels, alkaline phosphatase and turbidity tests were of diagnostic significance . Adequate drainage of the lesion and long-term antibiotic treatment with penicillin proved therapeutically satisfactory. Thorax, 1976 Feb, 31(1), 25 - 29 Chronic bronchitis--measurements and observations over 10 years; Johnston RN et al.; A total of 111 patients with chronic bronchitis were selected for study in 1963 . By 1974 only 54 patients were available for clinical examination, chest radiography, and pulmonary function measurements . There was a significantly higher mortality compared with men of the same age and in the same locality, and this was due to cardiorespiratory failure and bronchial carcinoma . Reduction of cigarette smoking, declining atmospheric pollution, and antibiotic treatment have reduced the 24-hour sputum volume of these patients . The initial one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and vital capacity were significantly lower in those patients who later died from cardio-respiratory failure . The duration of antibiotic treatment and the smoking record have not significantly affected the decline of the FEV1 with advancing age . The transfer factor (diffusing capacity) for carbon monoxide (TF) has declined more in those who continued to smoke . Of the 54 patients 14 had radiological evidence of emphysema initially . This has shown little change over 10 years. Thoraxchir Vask Chir, 1976 Feb, 24(1), 65 - 70 {Effectiveness of local and parenteral antibiotics in infection of aortic dacron grafts (author's transl)}; Ruckert U et al.; The effectiveness of local and parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis in infections of aortic dacron grafts was tested in animal experiments . In 20 foxhounds Dacron-interpositions, 4 cms in length, were inoculated with 50 million Staph aureus bacteria and then treated in 4 different ways: Nr . 1-5 no antibiotic treatment . Nr . 6-10 local antibiotic (Nebacetin, R) treatment . Nr 11-15 parenteral treatment with Gramaxin (R) i.m . Nr . 16-20 combined Nebacetin (R) and Gramaxin (R) treatment . The untreated dogs developed infection of laparotomy wounds, peritoneum udn prosthesis . Nebacetin gave improved results, whereas Gramaxin led to complete eradication of the infection . It is concluded, that antibiotic prophylaxis should be applied in vascular surgery, whenever alloplastic, homologous or autologous implants are used. Trans Sect Ophthalmol Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol, 1976 Jan-Feb, 81(1), OP145 - 50 Early acute aseptic iritis after cataract extraction; Allen HF et al.; Severe iritis which occurs within the first five days after cataract extraction may be categorized as (1) bacterial endophthalmitis, (2) toxic iritis, or (3) aseptic iritis . These entities can sometimes be distinguished because of their clinical features . If bacterial endophthalmitis is suspected, anterior chamber paracentesis should be considered and appropriate antibiotic treatment should be initiated . Acute iritis may result from the introduction of toxic agents into the eye, and may follow the use of products sterilized with ethylene oxide . Early acute aseptic iritis probably occurs more often than has previously been recognized . Response to intensive anti-inflammatory treatment is usually prompt and dramatic . The judicious use of cryoextraction and the careful manipulation of intraocular tissues may minimize the incidence and the severity of postoperative inflammation. Chemotherapy, 1976, 22(2), 121 - 34 Fosfomycin in Osteomyelitis; Fernandez-Valencia JE et al.; Fosfomycin was exclusively used as antibiotic treatment in 37 patients suffering from osteomyelitis, out ot which 23 were operated for sequestrectomy or fistulectomy, whereas the remaining 14 did not undergo any surgery during fosfomycin treatment . Fosfomycin was adminsitered parenterally, alone or combined with oral administration, and in some cases only orally . The dosage varied from 4 to 8 g/day for an average period of 3 weeks . After one or two treatments the results were 29 definitive cures (78%), 2 failures and 6 relapses (22%). ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec, 1976, 38(5), 298 - 308 Symptoms and signs of acute maxillary sinusitis; Axelsson A et al.; Symptoms and signs of acute maxillary sinusitis have seldom been specifically analyzed . Since there is a gradual transition from rhinitis to sinusitis it can be expected that many symptoms are common for the two diseases . However, since sinusitis requires drainage measures and/or antibiotic treatment, both of which seldom are actual for rhinitis, the differential diagnosis is important . The present investigation confirms most of the symptoms presented previously in textbooks . However, most of these sympatoms which conventionally are supposed to indicate sinus disease were found to be just as common in radiologically normal sinuses and in sinuses with pronounced changes . The subjective or objective finding of purulent nasal secretion was more helpful in the differentiation between rhinitis and sinusitis . It appears that the patient's symptoms do not constitute a reliable diagnostic basis for the confident differentiation between the two diseases . The simplest and least discomfortable means of demonstrating sinusitis is by radiology. Vutr Boles, 1976, 15(5), 46 - 50 {Frequency and complications of cholelithiasis}; Mikhailov I et al.; The authors studied a total of 16557 necropsy reports for 20 years, at the Chair of Pathologic Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Sofia, as regards the incidence and complications of cholelithiasis . In order to determine the effect of the applied modern antibiotic treatment, the material studied covers the decades 1932-1941 and 1963-1972 . Cholelithiasis incidence grew about five times during the second period . A change in the incidence of certain complications is also observed--a) there is a considerable decrease in the number of liver abscesses during the antibiotic period (about three times); b) the number of the developed biliary cirrhosis grew (about three times) . With age aspect, the peak incidence has shifted with a decade backwards during the second period, life prolongation being the reason for it. Acta Chir Iugosl, 1976, 23(1 Suppl), 255 - 60 {Treatment of open war injuries of the limbs in Ethiopia during the 3-year period with regard to 2 cases where a big part of the ulnar bone was missing}; Milosevic V; I . When a patient with open compound fracture arrives at the hospital he should be given 1500 u TAT, 25000 u Serum Antigangrenosum, one million Penicillin and one gram of Streptomycin, provided that these were not given before . II . Immediate operation of the cases with injury of less than six-eight hours duration is a must here . But still it must not be forgotten that those with shoc need to be left aside for primary treatment of the shoc before they are due for operation . Debridement of the wound should be done perfectly before starting to indulage one self with the operation . Any operation of this kind is not complete if the torn or nut nerves and tendons are primarily sutured after refreshing their ends . If necessary, plastic of the skin should be accomplished at the same time . III . We must be very considerate in dealing with bones . Bones that look dirty should be cleaned by spoon curretage rather than resecting them and facing shortage in bone . Shertage of small length of bone, can be substituted by bone grafting with either method of sliding or transplanting from one bone to another . IV . Up to the time that infection can be controlled, the primary sutture should be postponed and the only cautious debridement must be done . V . Post operative antibiotic treatment should extend from seven to ten days. Padiatr Padol, 1976, 11(3), 559 - 65 {Treatment of pneumonia in childhood (author's transl)}; Weippl G; It is necessary to start with antibiotic treatment in infections of the lower respiratory system, especially pneumonias . The finding of the infectious agent is difficult and without security . With simple investigations, as sedimentation rate, white blood cell count and cell differentiation there is a possibility of 80% to get a diagnosis of bacterial infection . In 25 patients aged 1 1/2 to 9 years with x-ray diagnosis of pneumonia the results of treatment with cephacetril (100 mg/kg/d) are given . Clinical symptoms disappeared after 5 days, the average time of illness was 12 days . One patient got a severe pleural effusion. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz), 1976, 24(2), 185 - 90 Population shift in drug resistant and sensitive Escherichia coli during antibiotic treatment of children with diarrhea; Lachowicz TM et al.; Changes in composition of Escherichia coli were followed during antibiotic therapy of nin children with acute diarrhea . In five cases enteropathogenic serotypes of E . coli were multiple-drug resistant, and in four other this feature characterized nonpathogenic E . coli strains . The results point to the importance of choice of the drugs effective not only against pathogenic serotypes, but also against nonpathogenic ones, and uselessness and even harmfulness of chemotherapy "in blindly". Vet Med Nauki, 1976, 13(1), 29 - 36 {Nutritive action of flavophospholipol and virginiamycin on broiler pullets}; Drumev D et al.; Studied were some of the aspects of the antibiotic treatment with flavophospholipol (moenomycin) as the preparation flavomycin, and virginiamycin (staphylomycin) as the preparation escalin in a premix form as an animal formula . It was found that the antibiotics tested acted as nutrients: they had a positive effect on the growth and feed conversion . They raised the production of meat and improved the quality of the meat product in terms of higher protein and mineral contents . They also influenced favorably the deposition of cyanocobalamin in the liver, the RNA: DNA ratio in the liver and pancreas, and the content of blood proteins . These antibiotics did not lead to the retention of residual amounts in the muscles and viscera . Both preparations proved useful for the practice . Flavophospholipol is of interest thanks to its easier dosing and positive effect on the cyanocobalamin and ubichinon deposition in the liver and partly as its stimulative action. Z Rechtsmed, 1975 Dec 10, 76(4), 293 - 306 {Quantitative investigation of the amino acid levels in putrefying liver (author's transl)}; Bonte W et al.; To elucidate the post-mortem proteolysis we investigated the behaviour of the free amino acids in rotting liver homogenates by means of two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and reflection densitometry . The post-mortem alterations of the amino acid levels are characterized mostly by a two-phase increase with maxima at the end of the first and after the third week . A few amino acids showed only little changes hardly above the physiological intra-cellular levels . Anaerobic rat experiments and experiences with antibiotic treatment give rise to the supposition that increasing amino acid concentrations indicate a predominance of proteolytic activities over aminoacid catabolism . In the beginning autoenzymes are prevalent, while afterwards bacterial proteases probably predominate . The transient regression about the second and thrid week is interpreted as the effect of a temporarily intensified amino acid degradation by foreign enzymes (maximal bacterial growth). J Cell Biol, 1975 Dec, 67(3), 761 - 73 DNA replication in mammalian cells . Altered patterns of initiation during inhibition of protein synthesis; Hand R; The effects of inhibition of protein synthesis by the antibiotics cycloheximide and puromycin on the initiation of DNA replication in mouse L cells were studied . Cellular DNA was pulse labeled with {3H}thymidine of high, then of low specific activity and prepared for fiber autoradiography . Autoradiograms containing multiple (up to four) replication units were analyzed . In control cells, the proportion of replication units that initiated during a 10-min, high specific activity pulse was approximately equal to the proportion initiating immediately before the pulse . The addition of cycloheximide or puromycin at the start of the pulse inhibited the frequency of initiation in that there was a decrease by up to one-third of units initiating during the pulse relative to controls . Replication direction was also altered . Addition of the antibiotics 2 h before the pulse reduced the proportion of bidirectional units observed from 0.98 to 0.70 . Antibiotic treatment for 2 h also decreased initiation synchrony in that the proportion of multiunit autoradiograms on which neighboring units showed similar replication patterns (indicating temporally coordinated initiation) was reduced by one-half . These observations indicate that inhibition of protein synthesis alters the normal pattern of DNA initiation. J Hyg (Lond), 1975 Dec, 75(3), 363 - 70 In vivo transfer of R factors between Escherichia coli strains inoculated into the rumen of sheep; Smith MG; Substantial transfer of R factors occurred in vivo, under certain conditions, in the rumen of adult sheep in the absence of any antibiotic treatment . A starvation period of 24-48 hr . was required to produce the conditions necessary, when even quite low inocula (ca . 10(3) cells) of donor and recipient E . coli could grow within the rumen and reach a population density sufficient for transfer to take place . The results indicate that under the same conditions R factors may be transferred between organisms in the lower intestinal tract also . Without the starvation period, the inoculation of even massive numbers (10(10) cells) of the same organisms resulted in almost no detectable transfer . Some of the experimental animals on which a starvation period was imposed became carriers of either the inoculated recipient E . coli, or of R factor bearing coliforms, and these formed 1-10% of the total coliform population of the faeces for at least 6 weeks. J Am Dent Assoc, 1975 Dec, 91(6), 1237 - 41 Eikenella corrodens: a clinical problem; Glassman AB et al.; E corrodens occurs as a significant clinical infection more frequently than suspected or cultured at the present time . It is essential that the dentist or physician work closely with the laboratory clinician in order to use proper techniques for its isolation . Inconsistencies between in vitro disk sensitivity and clinical drug response are noted . Because of clinical response, the clinician must carefully follow the patient's daily progress to recognize antibiotic treatment failure so that combination therapy or appropriate incision and drainage procedures may be initiated. Arch Dermatol, 1975 Nov, 111(11), 1464 - 5 Multilating granuloma inguinale; Fritz GS et al.; Granuloma inguinale is an uncommon infectious granulomatous disease of the inguinale area that can insidiously engulf and mutilate tissue . The reported case of granuloma inguinale demonstrated the painless progression of the disease to destroy most penile, scrotal, and inguinal tissue and also showed the subsequent satisfactory therapeutic result with antibiotic treatment . Light microscopy of plastic-embedded thin-sectioned tissue specimens allowed clear demonstration of the Donovan bodies and may be valuable in diagnosis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 1975 Oct 24, 100(43), 2209 - 13 {Clinical course of typhoid in the Heidelberg region (author's transl)}; Kredel L et al.; In the course of a typhoid epidemic during the autumn of 1974 in the Heidelberg region 74 persons were treated in hospital . Chloramphenicol was give to 45, ampicillin to 19 . The former, in daily doses of 2.0 g, gave worse results if given for only two instead of three weeks . In comparison, ampicillin was less effective . A second course of treatment became necessary in 13 patients, with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (Bactrim) being succesful in all, although the follow-up period is still too short for definitive results . Three complications occurred: one case of massive bleeding from the gut requiring operation and followed some weeks later by a HBS-antigen-negative hepatitis; one case of typhoma (several weeks after the end of antibiotic treatment), requiring operative removal; a case of febrile abortion in the second month of pregnancy. N Z Med J, 1975 Sep 24, 82(548), 187 - 8 Antibiotic treatment of secretory otitis media assessed by impedence audiometry; Goodey RJ et al.; Impedence audiometry was used to assess the response to treatment with antibiotics of children with secretory otitis media . Only ears with pressure at maximum compliance of less than --150mm water were included . There was a significant improvement with Bactrim, ampicillin and Vibramycin . There was no change without treatment and deterioration with penicillin. Sem Hop, 1975 Sep 10-20, 51(37-38), 2239 - 45 {Pancytopenic form of acute tuberculosis}; Bernard JF et al.; The authors report two cases of febrile pancytopenia of tuberculous origin . In both cases specific antibiotic treatment led to disappearance of the clinical and blood signs . These cases, together with 65 others, found in the world literature were then analysed . In most cases (54), death occurred owing to lack of early diagnosis and treatment, whilst in 14 cases, cure was obtained when the treatment was not started to late . The authors emphasize the necessity of liver biopsy to make the diagnosis of tuberculosis in any case of unexplained pancytopenia with fever. Tumori, 1975 Sep-Oct, 61(5), 425 - 32 {Topical ampicilin and local infectious complications in oncological surgery}; Bozzetti F et al.; 420 consecutive patients having clean surgical operations were studied: 210 of them, selected at random, received 0.5-1 g of ampicillin into the wound before closure, the remainder being controls . Patients were examined for wound infection during the first postoperative week, in line with the opinion that topical antibiotic treatment can afford significant protection against wound infection caused by peroperative contamination . Wound infection has been defined as a local inflammation (redness and hyperthermia), usually with fever and/or discharge of pus . In some doubtful cases, a longer observation period was necessary to obtain a correct interpretation . Four out of 210 clean wounds (1.9%) became infected in the patients receiving ampicillin compared with 12 out of 210 (5.7%) in the control group . The difference could have arisen by chance less that one in a hundred times (p less than 0.01) . It is our opinion therefore that after clean operations, the higher the risk of local infection, the more effective the topical use of antibiotics. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 1975 Sep, 18(3), 155 - 68 Contraception for the woman with significant cardiac disease; Brenner PF et al.; PIP: The risks of the use of oral contraceptives (OC) or intrauterine devices (IUD) to the woman with significant cardiac disease are discussed . An increased risk of thromboembolic events, a hypertensive street, the retention of body fluids and water resulting in weight gain, and hyperlipidemia are some of the adverse effects of OCs reported in the literature . With the IUD, the risk of pelvic infection and the occurrence of the vagal syndrome at, or immediately after, insertion have serious implications for the woman with cardiac disease . It is concluded that OCs containing 50 mcg or more of estrogen should not be prescribed to women with cardiac disease, though combination OCs containing 20-30 mcg estrogen may be tried with caution . Very little risk is posed by the insertion of an IUD accompanied by antibiotic treatment . The conventional methods of contraception may be offered, but the greater risk of pregnancy should be carefully considered . Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 1975 Aug, 35(8), 626 - 31 {The needle biopsy in suspected pelvic recurrence}; Egger H et al.; The Silverman needle biopsy for the diagnosis of suspicious palpatory findings in the pelvis in cancer patients is recommended . Occasional trauma cannot be avoided but is of secondary importance in the light of the diagnostic value of the procedure . The risk of treatment of a recurrence is much higher . Only 1 trauma necessitated long term antibiotic treatment because of a parametritis . Perforation or biopsy of the bladder or the rectum usually remained asymptomatic . The needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of recurrent tumor in 47 out of 74 patients with the first try . In 6 out of 10 patients the tumor diagnosis was confirmed by a second needle biopsy 2 to 3 months later . Two patients had a third negative biopsy . A total of 11 patients were saved from the fate of treatment of a clinically suspected cancer recurrence as confirmed by the subsequent clinical course over the next 1 to 6 years. Aust N Z J Med, 1975 Aug, 5(4), 340 - 7 Diarrhoea and colitis associated with antibiotic treatment; Gibson GE et al.; Sixteen cases of colitis developing within twenty-one days of antibiotic therapy are reported . There was a wide range of disease severity . Lincomycin and Clindamycin were implicated in twelve . The colitis was of two pathological patterns pseudomembranous colitis and "non-specific" colitis . There is a relative sparing of the rectum in some cases making the diagnosis more difficult on sigmoidoscopy. Humangenetik, 1975 Jul 23, 28(3), 263 - 7 Toxicity of antibiotics on cultured human skin fibroblasts; Byarugaba W et al.; Human diploid fibroblasts cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DME) were exposed to different concentrations of 15 antibiotics to determine the limiting toxic concentration . The number of cells surviving after antibiotic treatment was given as the index of toxicity . No visible chromosomal damage could be detected when half the maximal toxic concentration was applied . The maximum limiting concentration was found to be the same for both the preconfluent and postconfluent phases. Diabetes, 1975 Jul, 24(7), 637 - 40 Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) after evisceration with and without a functional liver; Penhos JC et al.; Fed male Wistar rats were eviscerated by two procedures . The first group of eviscerated rats were left with a nonfunctional liver in situ while the second group were eviscerated by a newer technic, developed in this laboratory, that preserves liver function . The animals were maintained on a regimen of saline and antibiotic treatment, and abdominal aortic blood was drawn at intervals up to seventy-two hours postoperatively from animals with a functional liver and up to six hours postoperatively in those with nonfunctional liver status . Blood concentrations of glucose, immunoreactive insulin, and immunoreactive glucagon were measured . Our results indicate that even with a functional liver, totally pancreatectomized eviscerated rats maintained normal amounts of plasma IRI and IRG for more than twenty-four hours . IRI and IRG were measurable even at forty-eight hours postoperatively . At the same time, these animals developed abnormally high blood glucose levels, which were sustained despite the presence of "normal" IRI in plasma . It had been suggested that the presence of measurable IRI and IRG in the classically prepared eviscerated animal was due to a deficit liver destruction of these substances . To the contrary, our data suggest that even with a functional liver, the eviscerated preparation maintains a circulating level of insulin and glucagon-like materials forty-eight hours after the known sources of such substances are removed . The physiologic meaning of immunoassay results following pancreatectomy are thus difficult to interpret. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1975 Jul, 72(7), 2753 - 7 Inducible error-prone repair in Escherichia coli; Sedgwick SG; A hypothesis that ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis arises from the induction of an error-prone mode of postreplication repair that requires the exrA+ recA+ genotype has been tested with alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation coupled with assays of fixation determined by loss of photoreversibility . The inhibitor of protein synthesis, chloramphenicol, added before irradiation, prevented a small amount of postreplication repair and completely eliminated mutation fixation in E . coli WP2s uvrA . However, chloramphenicol did not affect strand joining: (a) in uvrA bacteria allowed 20 min of growth between irradiation and antibiotic treatment; (b) in nonmutable uvrA exrA bacteria; and (c) in uvrA tif bacteria grown at 42 degrees for 70 min before irradiation . These observations indicate that an inducible product is involved in a fraction of postreplication repair and is responsible for induced mutagenesis. Acta Otolaryngol, 1975 May-Jun, 79(5-6), 466 - 72 Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis . IV . Ampicillin, cephradine and erythromycinestolate with and without irrigation; Axelsson A et al.; Six groups, each containing 50 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis, were treated with ampicillin plus nasal decongestant, ampicillin plus irrigation, cephradine plus nasal decongestant, cephradine plus irrigation, erythromycinestolate plus nasal decongestant, erythromycinestolate plus irrigation . The diagnosis was radiologically established and the healing likewise radiologically assessed on the fifth, tenth and fifteenth day . Treatment was given for 10 days . All groups demonstrated a similar radiological healing except cephradine plus nasal decongestant which was inferior to the others . Contrarily, side effects were least frequent in the cephradine groups and most frequent in patients cured with ampicillin . The difficulty in choosing the best treatment is discussed in relation to such factors as therapeutic results, side effects, long-term consequences of antibiotic treatment, establishment of any bacterial etiology and penetration characteristics of antibiotics into the diseased sinus. Wien Klin Wochenschr, 1975 Apr 18, 87(8), 270 - 2 {The nitroblue tetrazolium test in scarlet fever (author's transl)}; Trojan I et al.; The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test was originally used to diagnose chronic granulomatous disease in childhood . Now it is applied in the diagnosis of acute bacterial infectious diseases, too . The NBT reduction of neutrophils was tested in 27 children with scarlet fever using the modified technique described by K i m et al . The tests were performed in 24 patients between the second and fourth day of illness, before starting antibiotic treatment . In accordance with the results obtained by Humbert et al . in a series of patients with various infectious diseases, 83% of the investigated children showed NBT values of between 41% and 95% (mean value 72%) . The percentage of NBT-positive cells was likewise raised in cases of recurrent scarlet fever . Children with scarlet fever complications had highly elevated NBT-reduction values . The control group, consisting of children without infectious diseases, showed values of between 28% and 66% (mean value 33%). N Engl J Med, 1975 Apr 3, 292(14), 722 - 5 Management of septic chemical abortion with renal failure . Use of a conservative regimen; Hawkins DF et al.; PIP: 20 cases of septic abortion were reviewed, all of which had suffered septic shock and renal failure attributed to intrauterine instillation of soap or phenolic antiseptic solutions, which were treated at Hammersmith Hospital from 1965-1972 to determine proper management of such patients . 19 were managed conservatively, from a surgical point of view, with 13 not even having the products of conception removed from the uterus . Intensive antibiotic treatment and peritoneal dialysis were the principles of management . 17 of the 19 recovered; all 17 retain normal renal function . Of these 17 survivors, 7 have had normal pregnancies, but only 11 of the 17 have been exposed to conception . J Biol Chem, 1975 Mar 25, 250(6), 2143 - 9 Methylation and processing of transfer ribonucleic acid in mammalian and bacterial cells; Munns TW et al.; The relationship between the methylation and processing of tRNA in both bacterial and mammalian cell systems was investigated by assessing the methylation of an existing population of precursor-tRNAs in the absence of tRNA synthesis . When the synthesis of tRNA in Escherichia coli B (rifampicin) and human KB cells (actinomycin D) was inhibited with the appropriate antibiotic, the incorporation of {3H{methyl groups into tRNA (via {methyl-3H}methionine labeling) rapidly declined with time and was essentially complete within 30 and 60 min, respectively . Although antibiotic treatment predictably reduced the incorporation of methyl groups into tRNA, it also resulted in significant changes in the distribution of the type of methylated products formed . Thus, for KB cells the marked increases in the per cent of radioactivity incorporated into 2'-0-methylribose derivatives, N2-methylguanine, and 3-methylcytosine of tRNA preparation pre-chased with actinomycin D for progressively longer periods of time prior to labeling with {methyl-3H}methionine led to the interpretation that these methylated constituents were formed predominantly during the late stages of tRNA maturation . Similarly, progessive and marked decreases in 1-, 7-, and N2, N2-methylguanine, and moderate decreases in 1-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, and 5-methyluracil revealed that these methylated products were formed primarily during the early and intermediate stages of maturation, respectively . Similar analysis of E . coli B methylation products indicated that the bulk of methyl groups incorporated into the base moieties of tRNA (1- and 7-methylguanine, 2- and N6-methyladenine, and 5-methyluracil) occurred prior to the formation of 2'-0-methylribose derivatives . Additional evidence is presented which negates the possibility that an ancillary action of these antibiotics was the inhibition of specific tRNA-methyl-transferase enzymes. Acta Otolaryngol, 1975 Mar-Apr, 79(3-4), 259 - 65 Normal and pathological adaptation of compound viii nerve responses in the guinea pig; Aran JM et al.; Adaptation of VIII nerve compound action potentials in response to trains of broad frequency spectrum clicks and high frequency filtered clicks is studied at various intensities in normal guinea pig under normal conditions, while masking with white noise and under pathological conditions after ototoxic antibiotic treatment . The results are discussed with respect to the clinical electro-cochleographic adaptation studies in man and the so-called two populations of receptors and nerve fibres in the cochlea. Ann Surg, 1975 Mar, 181(3), 370 - 5 Acute renal insufficiency complicating major cardiovascular surgery; Casali R et al.; Thirty-one patients underwent hemodialysis for renal failure as a complication of major cardiovascular surgery at the University of Minnesota (1968-1973) . Only eight patients (26%) survived . A review of the literature shows that since the beginning of hemodialysis the mortality of those patients has not improved . Infection was the overwhelming cause of death . The infections were difficult to diagnosis because they were frequently associated with abdominal abscesses that were almost uniformly overlooked . Several possible ways of improving these patients survival are: 1) the use of early operative interventions of second look type; 2) improved hygenic measures in the care of these patients; 3) more selective antibiotic treatment based on frequent reculturing; and 4) daily short dialysis in association with hyperalimentation. Sem Hop, 1975 Feb 26, 51(10), 677 - 84 {Infections in agranulocytosis and their treatment}; Dao Ch; A quantitative deficiency in polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes, due to aplastic anemia, exposes to infection . The risk is all the greater when the neutropenia is more marked and more lasting . The infections have a different distribution from that commonly observed in normal subjects . There is little inflammatory reaction, no pus formation and bacterial multiplication invades the parenchyma and may create necrosis due to arteriolar obstruction . The prognosis is very bad . For example, pulmonary infections in acute leukemia of adults, have a mortality greater than 75% . Antibiotic treatment and leukocyte transfusions give disappointing results . The prevention of infections has permitted spectacular progress . Nevertheless, the long-term prognosis is not linked to the infection itself, but to the sub-jacent disease responsible for the agranulocytosis . The infections become cured in transient toxic aplasia and in leukemia where chemotherapy permits one to obtain a remission . The infections remain fatal whatever the treatment used if the medullary aplasia is not curable. Sem Hop, 1975 Feb 26, 51(10), 667 - 76 {Granulopenia of infectious origin}; Bertrand A et al.; Among the various infectious and parasitic disease liable to produce granulopenia, the authors selected certain diseases which represented their personal experience . Classically, leukopenia may occur during typhoid fever, but was not present in all of the series of 114 adults they observed with this disease . It only occurs after antibiotic treatment (Thiamphenicol in the majority of cases) . During acute brucellosis (188 cases studied) granulopenia was constant . It occurs early and is lasting . It reappears during septicemic relapse . Leukopenia is corrected during treatment by tetracycline antibiotics . Neutropenia during disease is frequent but usually labile . This characteristic explains why there was no granulopenia in 90 cases of mumps and 64 cases of chickenpox . Finally, during Kala Azar, 8 cases confirmed certain already well known data: the considerable reduction in granulocytes but also anemia and thrombocytopenia. Lab Anim Sci, 1975 Feb, 25(1), 88 - 91 Localized nocardiosis due to Nocardia caviae in a baboon (Papio cynocephalus); Boncyk LH et al.; Nocardia caviae was identified as the causative agent of draining, multinodular swelling of the hand of a 16-yr-old female baboon (Papio cynocephalus) . The baboon's general physical condition was poor and menstrual cycles had ceased . The baboon improved after systemic and topical antibiotic therapy, but the lesion recurred after antibiotic treatment was discontinued . Since excision of the mass, the baboon's physical condition has improved to the extent that regular menstrual cycles have resumed and she has been returned to the assigned investigative program . Radiographs of the lungs, hand, and arm failed to disclose evidence of dissemination of the infection. Parasitology, 1975 Feb, 70(1), 95 - 102 The specific immunoglobulin response in cattle to Theileria parva (Muguga) infection; Wagner GG et al.; Cattle were inoculated with dilutions of Theileria parva (Muguga) stabilate without concurrent antibiotic treatment . The dilutions were selected to induce severe East Coast fever infections, which in some cases would lead to death . Serum samples were collected and the complement fixation (CF), indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) tests were used to detect T . parva serum antibodies . Sera were fractionated on Sephadex G200 to determine the activities of specific immunoglobulin fractions . Sequential production of IgM antibody followed by 7SIg antibody was demonstrated by the IHA and CF tests . All IFA activity was restricted to the 7SIg fraction . Serologic reactions in the IHA test were detected as early as 4 days after inoculation of the stabilate, CF activity after 8 days and IFA activity after 21 days. J Fam Pract, 1975 Feb, 2(1), 13 - 8 Upper-respiratory tract complaint protocol for physician-extenders; Greenfield S et al.; A protocol for upper-respiratory tract complaints was administered to 226 patients in a walk-in clinic . The protocol, for use by a physician-extender in conjunction with a physician, specified the collection of data necessary for management . A decision-making algorithm separated the major causes of upper respiratory infection (URI) complaints and led to one of four plans: a physician referral, a culture only, antibiotic treatment, or symptomatic treatment only . Each patient was seen by a physician following the health assistant's interview . Of 226 patients, 96 (42 percent) would have been sent home by the protocol without seeing the physician . None of these had a complication of URI . Sixteen (seven percent) of the 226 had serious complications - all would have been referred to the physician . The protocol proved to be safe and efficient, acceptable to patients, and a reliable approach to physician-extender management of URI. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med, 1975 Feb, 123(2), 268 - 73 The roentgenographic and clinical findings in Whipple's disease . A review of 8 patients; Philips RL et al.; Out of 8 patients with Whipple's disease, 7 had roentgenographic findings consisting of slight dilatation of the small bowel, with thickening of the mucosal folds . The eighth patient had no abnormality on roentgenographic study . This series represents the first in which the roentgenographic changes have been quantitatively assessed . Confirmation of the diagnosis by biopsy is important because antibiotic treatment results in marked improvement both clinically and roentgenographically. Schweiz Med Wochenschr, 1975 Jan 4, 105(1), 21 - 6 {Treatment of early syphilis under conditions of penicillin intolerance}; Gilliet F; In the presence of penicillin allergy early syphilis can be treated with tetracyclines, erythromycin and thiamphenicol . Treatment with semisynthetic penicillins or cephalosporins should not be attempted in view of possible cross-sensitivity . From comparison of different antibiotic treatment schedules in the literature a time-dose relationship seems evident: within therapeutic limits, treatment with a high daily dose of antibiotic requires a relatively short duration, and vice versa . Results of various treatment schedules with different antibiotics suggest that preference should be given to doxycycline by oral route, 100 mg twice daily for 12 days. Acta Chir Scand, 1975, 141(2), 153 - 9 Reversible ureteral stenosis as a delayed complication of operation on the colon and rectum; Klevmark B et al.; A non-direct ureteral lesion following operations on the colon and rectum is described . The complication was observed 10 to 64 days postoperatively, and is characterized by a unilateral or bilateral, relatively long stenosis . A total of 8 cases are presented: 7 of ulcerative colitis and one, a rectal prolapse . The main symptoms were unilateral abdominal or lumbar pain, moderate fever, and a pronounced ureteral stenosis revealed at i.v . urography . In 7 cases, full restitution occurred after antibiotic treatment, supplied by ureteral catheterisation in 4 cases, while operation was necessary in one case . The discrepancy between the seriousness of the roentgenological picture and the good final result of conservative treatment was striking. Ophthalmologica, 1975, 170(1), 22 - 9 Prepapillary metastatic abscess in a case of subacute bacterial endocarditis; Manor RS et al.; The case of a 49-year-old woman is described in which the presenting symptom of subacute bacterial endocarditis was the rare condition of a prepapillary abscess . There was a rapid decrease in visual acuity in the patient's left eye 10 days after the onset of an influenza-like episode, and ophthalmological examination revealed a pus-containing formation covering the optic disc, star-figure exudates in the macula, and some retinal hemorrhages with white centers . These findings in a patient known to have old valvular stenosis indicated a diagnosis of subacute bacterial endocarditis which was confirmed by further investigation . Both forms of endogenous primary retinitis were present in the same eye, i.e . (1) acute suppurative metastatic retinitis in the form of a prepapillary abscess and (2) subacute focal retinitis with the characteristic Roth's spots . Intensive antibiotic treatment was instituted, and within one month the prepapillary abscess was resorbed, with a parallel improvement in the general condition of the patient. Obstet Gynecol, 1974 May, 43(5), 765 - 8 Termination of midtrimester pregnancy by intramniotic injection of urea; Anteby SO et al.; PIP: The use of intraamniotic injection of hypertonic solutions for termination of pregnancy during the second trimester has been generally adopted . Because of side effects in such treatment with other agents, it was decided to use intraamniotic instillation of urea solution (Urevert) to induce midtrimester therapeutic abortion in 38 patients . The method was successful in 35 patients (92%) with a mean injection/abortion interval of 26.1 hours, shorter than that with the use of hypertonic saline or hypertonic glucose solutions . The side effects of headache, nausea, and vomiting were mild, and an endometritis in 1 patient responded well to antibiotic treatment . Intravenous oxytocin drip was necessary in patients with hypotonic contractions or in those who failed to react within 36 hours after injection . In 3 cases of missed labor, the urea solution injected induced labor within 5-8 hours, with no side effects . The mean in-patient hospital time was 4.3 days . Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 1974 Mar, 34(3), 164 - 7 {A report of four cases with serious complications after insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device (author's transl)}; Fagot R et al.; PIP: Serious complications of IUDs in 4 young women are reported . The 1s t patient, 21 years old, developed severe adnexitis 6 months after insertion of a Lippes loop . The IUD was removed and antibiotic treatment was successful; the patient has since borne a child . The 2nd patient, 23 years old, developed an inflamed right tubal cystic tumor 2 years after insertion of a Lippes loop immediately following induced abortion . Recurrent inflammatory episodes were treated with anitbiotics, but peritonitiss developed and bilateral salpingo-ovariectomy was necessary . The 3d patient, 38 years old, developed peritonitis and septic shock after removal of a "butterfly" IUD which had been inserted 8 months earlier; this patient had previously been treated for uterine myoma . Laparotomy, drainage and antibiotic treatment were successful . The 4th patient, 25 years old, became pregnant 2 months after insertion of a Majzlin spring; uterine perforation resulted from her physician's attempts to remove the device (which could not have endangered the pregnancy) . The injury was sutured and curettage was performed . All these cases were due to insufficient attention to contraindications of IUD USE . Obstet Gynecol, 1973 Oct, 42(4), 511 - 4 Suppurative salpingitis after laparoscopic tubal cauterization; Badra PL et al.; PIP: 3 case reports of suppurative salpingitis after laparoscopic tubal cauterization taken from a series of over 1800 such operations at the University of Michigan Medical Center are presented and examined for similar clinical characteristics that may suggest a common pathogenesis . In each case an intrauterine device was present until the time of surgery and in each case a uterine curettage had been done . The delay between the operation and the onset of the salpingitis symptoms ranged from 4-8 days . Pelvic surgery was necessary in 2 cases but high dosages of multiple antibiotics corrected the condition in the third patient . Though only 3 cases are involved, the presence of the IUD must be suspected as a possible cause of the infection, since these devices have caused similar physiologic reactions under other conditions . Removal of the IUD several weeks before tubal cauterization or prophylactic antibiotic treatment should be considered in patients with an IUD in situ undergoing this operation .
|
© 2005
Transgalactic Ltd (manufacturer of Bioscreen C software) |
Privacy Statement | P.O. Box
1393, 00101 Helsinki, Finland,
Last modified: May 25, 2005
| ||||||
