Z Allg Mikrobiol, 1978, 18(6), 415 - 26 Kinetics of growth and substrate consumption of Escherichia coli ML 30 on two carbon sources; Hegewald E et al.; When E . coli ML 30 is grown in batch culture on a mineral salt medium containing a mixed carbon source of glucose and pyruvate, there is no sequential utilization of the carbon sources . The consumption of glucose and pyruvate takes place simultaneously with reciprocal influence (inhibition) on rates of substrate uptake . The specific growth rate is greater than mupmax for pyruvate but smaller than musmax for glucose . In the paper three cases of kinetics of growth and of substrate consumption at several combinations of initial substrate concentrations are considered . A mathematical model is proposed and investigated . The model allows to describe the growth on glucose or on pyruvate not only as singular carbon sources, but also as a mixed carbon source with reciprocal inhibition on rates of substrate uptake . By data fitting parameters of growth and substrate consumption were found. Scand J Immunol, 1978, 8(4), 313 - 21 A chemical approach to the mechanism of B-lymphocyte activation . I . The pure presentation of haptens does not activate B lymphocytes; Vidal-Gomez J et al.; In an attempt to definitively determine whether the pure presentation of haptens (on repetitive, non-metabolizable carriers) to B lymphocytes triggers differentiation to antibody-producing cells, dinitrophenyl and trinitrophenyl groups have been covalently coupled to potentially inert carriers (polymethylmethacrylate, chlorinated polyethylene and cellulose) . The resulting conjugates (with three different degrees of hapten substitution) are not immunogenic . It is therefore concluded that the pure presentation of haptens to B lymphocytes does not trigger antibody formation. Gynecol Obstet Invest, 1978, 9(1), 57 - 64 Experiments on prevention of the endotoxin-abortifacient effect by radiodetoxified endotoxin pretreatment in rats; Csordas T et al.; Endotoxemia has been induced in pregnant rats by intravenous injection of 1 mg Escherichia coli endotoxin which resulted in intrauterine death and abortion of fetuses in 24 h . The abortifacient effect of endotoxin was prevented in 90% by 200 microgram radiodetoxified endotoxin, injected intravenously 24 h earlier . The authors suppose that the radiodetoxified endotoxin can be a good tool also in the prevention of human septic (endotoxin) shock in pregnancy. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung, 1978, 25(3), 159 - 64 Haematologic effect and Shwartzman reactivity of radiodetoxified endotoxin; Szilagyi T et al.; Comparative experiments were made in rabbits with Escherichia coli O89 endotoxin and endotoxin detoxified by ionizing radiation (60Co-gamma, 5 Mrad) . Radiation significantly weakened the leukopenia and thrombocytopenia provoking effect of endotoxin . Radiodetoxified endotoxin decreased the fibrinogen level only slightly and caused insignificant changes in reptilase time . The complement level was decreased less by the detoxified than by the parent endotoxin . Even the local Shwartzman phenomenon inducing capacity of radiodetoxified endotoxin decreased significantly, particularly when it was used for preparation and provocation, too. Vox Sang, 1978, 35(4), 219 - 23 Sandwich enzymoimmunoassay of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); Adachi H et al.; A sandwich enzymoimmunoassay (EIA) procedure was developed for the detection of HBsAg using Fab' of anti-HBsAg conjugated with beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli with anti-HBsAg-coated silicone rubber discs as a solid phase . EIA could detect 1 ng/ml of HBsAg . It was as sensitive as radioimmunoassay (RIA, AusRia II) and about 30-fold more sensitive than reversed passive hemagglutination assay RPHA, ReverseCell) . EIA and RIA could detect more HBsAg-positive sera than RPHA. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 1978, 24(3), 243 - 53 Enzymological properties of pantothenate synthetase from Escherichia coli B; Miyatake K et al.; Following a previous report on physicochemical properties, the enzymological properties of a homogeneously purified preparation of pantothenate synthetase were described . The optimum pH was 10.0 and optimum temperature 30 degrees C . The lyophilized enzyme was very stable on standing at -20 degrees C . K+ or NH4+ and Mg2+ were required as activators; other cations examined were inhibitive to various extents and the enzyme required ATP as the energy supplier . Some omega-amino acids exerted strong inhibition, and the enzyme was inhibited by some chelating agents but was not affected by SH compounds and SH inhibitors . Apparent Km for pantoate was 6.3 x 10(-5)M, for beta-alanine 1.5 x 10(-4)M, and for ATP 1.0 x 10(-4)M . According to the method of Cleland, the enzyme reaction proceeds by a Bi Uni Uni Bi Ping Pong mechanism and a scheme showing the order of binding of substrates and releasing of products is presented. Folia Microbiol (Praha), 1978, 23(4), 278 - 85 Application of R-plasmid DNA's from Escherichia coli minicells in genetic transformation; Nesvera J et al.; Components of minicell lyzates of Escherichia coli P678.54 (R1 drd 19) and escherichia coli P678.54 (R6K) were visualized in an electron microscope and used for the transformation of Escherichia coli JC7623 . The frequency of the resulting transformants (of the order of 10(-6)%) was not appreciably influenced by the manner of lyzate preparation . The presence of covalently closed circular DNA was detected in two different transformants using radioisotopes, thus demonstrating an autonomous existence of R1 drd 19 or R6K plasmids in tested transformants . This finding corresponds with the results of their genetic analysis. Biochimie, 1978, 60(4), 353 - 9 Biphasic saturations of binding proteins can be the result of a competitive inhibition of substrate fixation; Gaudin C et al.; A mathematical model is proposed which explains some biphasic saturations of Binding Proteins by their substrates through an effect of a competitive inhibition . The inhibitor can be the substrate itself especially when the retention phenomenon is occuring . This model has been verified with two periplasmic Binding Proteins of Escherichia coli: the Glutamine Binding Protein and the Leucine-Isoleucine-Valine Binding Protein . A significant connection is found between experimental results and the hypothesis. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 1978, 116(3), 331 - 6 {Local Sanarelli-Shwartzmann-phenomen after hemipelvectomy (author's transl)}; Weber U et al.; We report a case of haemorrhagic necrosis after hemipelvectomy, which shows nearly all characteritic criterions of local Sanarelli-Shwartzman-phenomenon. Eur Surg Res, 1978, 10(3), 194 - 205 Effects of slow intravenous administration of endotoxin on blood cells and coagulation in dogs; Aasen AO et al.; Endotoxin shock was induced in dogs by slow administration of a lethal dose of Escherichia coli endotoxin . During the 3-hour infusion period a state of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was noted . The drop in platelets and leukocytes was the most rapid and pronounced effect of the infusion, while consumption of coagulation factors occurred more slowly . Activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of coagulation appeared to be closely parallel . Concomitantly increasing amounts of fibrin(ogen) degradation products were detected, while soluble fibrin monomers were observed only inconstantly . Intravascular hemolysis was slight and occurred in the late stages of shock, and could not have influenced the development of DIC. Genetika, 1978, 14(7), 1278 - 80 {Localization of Rsf- mutation in Escherichia coli HfrC7}; Gukova LA et al.; The contransduction frequency of MAAs, UVs phenotype of Escherichia coli HfrC7 and its 7-51F- derivative with purE markers is found to be 1-2% which indicates that the mutation N 7 is located close to the F integration site in HfrC strain . E . coli strains K-12 7-51F+ and 7-51ColV2+ transfer chromosome markers in the same direction as does HfrC strain . The results suggest the presence of an integrated F fragment (sfa locus) into K-12 7-51F- chromosome. Genetika, 1978, 14(7), 1164 - 74 {Construction and study of a new type of phage lambda DNA vector molecule}; Iankovskii NK et al.; A group of lambda mutants (mutants lambda 0) harbouring lesser number of EcoRI restriction sites on DNA molecules was selected . lambda3-1 recombinant (genotype lambdab221amgamma210Sr1lambda3+c-Px) was created by crosses of lambda02 phage with other lambda mutants . This phage DNA may be used as a vector molecule which makes it possible to select easily phages harbouring insertions of EcoRI DNA fragments . The maximal size of DNA fragment, the insertion of which would not decrease lambda3-1 viability, is 7.7 megadaltone . Lambda3-1 DNA has three regions heterological to lambda DNA, two of which probably include sites SRIlambda4 and SRIlambda5 and some juxtaposed genes . For example, Ptgene of lambda phage in juxtaposition with site SRIlambda4 is substituted by Px gene on the lambda3-1 DNA molecule. Genetika, 1978, 14(7), 1127 - 45 {Problem of chromosome formation in T-even phages}; Mosevitskii MI; Three basic versions for the formation of circularly permuted and terminally redundant chromosomes with rings, concatemers, or fragments as replicative intermediates were considered . Experimental results show that the chromosome of T-even phage can turn into 4-6 large fragments soon after it penetrates inside the Escherichia coli cell . The fragments are capable for autonomous replication and contribute their material to progeny phage chromosomes . These results confirm the suggestion that circularly permuted and terminally redundant chromosomes of T-even phages are made of fragments . A theoretical analysis of different modes of parental chromosome fragments formation, autonomous replication and ordered association was carried out . In particular, it was emphasized that at a low multiplicity of infection the reassociation of fragments by means of recombination can be accomplished only if breaks in complementary strands of the parental chromosome were made with a shift for about 3000 nucleotides . Complexity is a feature of linear chromosomes that ensures their reproduction without defects at the ends. Front Biol, 1978, 46, 143 - 60 Effects of cytochalasin B on endocytosis and exocytosis; Davies P et al.; The complex effects of cytochalasin B on endocytosis and exocytosis are reviewed . Cytochalasin B inhibits phagocytosis by both mononulcear phagocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes but it does not affect the micropinocytic activity of mononulear phagocytes and other cell types . Cytochalasin B causes increased selective release of acid hydrolase from phagocytic cells but its effect on other secretory cells is more variable, stimulating secretion by some cell types, inhibiting secretion in others and having no effect at all in some instances . The possible mechanisms of action of cytochalsin B are discussed with particular emphasis being placed on its effect on the activity of various protein components of cellular contractile systems . We suggest that many of the biolgoical effects of cytochalasin B may be accounted for by such effects. Circ Shock, 1978, 5(2), 105 - 13 Hepatic oxygen supply and plasma lactate and glucose in endotoxic shock; Rink RD et al.; Hepatic oxygen supply and selected blood parameters were recorded in fasted male rates given 20--30 mg/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin intraperitoneally . Mortality was 70% within 24 hours . Measurements during the initial eight hours postendotoxin recorded no differences of hematocrit, systemic arterial pressure, or arterial pO2 between survivors and eventual nonsurvivors . However, by the sixth or eighth hour nonsurvivors showed significantly higher plasma lactate, lower plasma glucose and blood pH, and a greater degree of hypocapnea . In addition, a mean hepatic pO2 had decreased from 25.2 mm Hg during the control to 3.8 mm Hg after six hours . A decline of hepatic oxygen supply also occurred in surviving rats but was significantly less severe . Control rats showed a mild degree of respiratory alkalosis but were otherwise stable over eight hours . The relationship of hepatic oxygen supply to differences of plasma lactate and glucose is discussed . Failure of hepatic circulation is cited as the probable cause of extensive liver anoxia and related developments in nonsurviving endotoxic rats. Prog Clin Biol Res, 1978, 22, 567 - 78 The kinetics of oxygen-induced proton efflux and membrane energization in Escherichia coli; Gould JM; The kinetics of respiration-dependent proton efflux and membrane energization have been studied in intact cells of logarithmic phase Escherichia coli . Proton efflux following a small O2 pulse is slow (t1/2 approximately equal to 10 sec) and inefficient (H+/O approximately equal to 0.5), taking 5-10 times longer than expected from the time required for the cells to reduce the O2 added in the pulse . A much closer agreement is found in cells treated to enhance counter ion fluxes and eliminate the transmembrane electric potential (deltapsi) . In cells treated with SCN-, or with colicin E1 (which enhances K+ permeability), the rates of proton efflux are much faster (t1/2 less than or equal to 1 sec) than in untreated cells . The kinetics of formation and dissipation of deltapsi were estimated from changes in the fluorescence properties of the cell envelope bound probe N-phenyl-l-naphthylamine . In untreated cells, a small O2 pulse induces a rapid (t1/2 less than or equal to 0.5 sec) decrease in fluorescence intensity followed by a slower (t1/2 approximately equal to 40 sec) return of the fluorescence to the original level . The extent of the initial fluorescence decrease is proportional to the amount of O2 added, although the half-time for the relaxation is independent of the amount of O2 added . Colicin E1 (plus K+) and the uncoupler FCCP greatly decrease the half-time of the relaxation, while only slightly affecting the extent of the initial decrease, indicating that the initial fluorescence decrease is reporting the energization of the membrane while its relaxation is reporting the subsequent deenergization of the membrane resulting from counterion redistributions . The fact that the efflux of H+ into the medium after an O2 pulse is small and much slower (t1/2 approximately equal to 10 sec) than the actual energization of the membrane (t1/2 less than or equal to 0.5 sec) suggests that the current of respiratory H+ involved in membrane energization is confined within the bacterial cell envelope. Biokhimiia, 1978, 43(4), 761 - 3 {Spatial proximity of the ribosomal mRNA binding center to the 50S subunit}; Budker VG et al.; 4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)benzylamide of 5'-heptaadenylic acid was used for affinity labelling of the ribosome in the vicinity of its mRNA-binding centre . This derivative, similar to the free oligonucleotide, stimulates the binding of {14C}-lysyl-tRNA to ribosomes of E . coli and alkylates ribosomes both the 30S and the 50S subunits . The alkylation of ribosomes is inhibited by pre-incubation of ribosomes with polyadenylic acid, which suggests that the chemical modification is a specific one and occurs in the vicinity of mRNA-binding site . The fact, that a short oligonucleotide having an active group on its 5'end attacks the 50S subunit of ribosome may indicate that the mRNA-binding centre is located in the contact region between ribosomal subunits. Biokhimiia, 1978, 43(4), 579 - 91 {Animal tissue polynucleotide phosphorylase}; Del'vig AA; Localization, physico-chemical and catalytic properties and possible biological functions of polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) from animal tissues are discussed . In animal tissue cells PNPase has multiple localization; the major amount of the enzyme is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes . In the nuclei PNPase, similar to other endo- and exo-RNAses participates in the processing of precursor molecules of mature forms of RNA, whereas in the cytoplasm it is involved in the destruction of polyribosomes in the polyribosomes of rapidly growing tissues the activity of PNPase is extremely decreased . The mechanisms regulating the PNPase activity in rapidly growing tissues are discussed. Gastroenterol Jpn, 1978, 13(1), 33 - 42 Experimental colitis in rabbits; Kuroe K et al.; Experimental colitis was induced in rabbits either by immunizing the antigens which possess the cross-reacting antigenicity with colonic mucosa, and by infusing intravenously their own lymphocytes sensitized with E . coli 014 endotoxin which may contain a high concentration of common antigen (Kunin antigen) . The hemorrhagic inflammatory changes were developed in the colon as follows; (1) three of fifteen rabbits immunized with rat colon, (2) one of three rabbits with their own E . coli, (3) six of fifteen rabbits with E . coli 014 and, (4) five of eight rabbits by infusing their own lymphocytes sensitized with E . coli 014 endotoxin . It was suggested that the cross-reacting antigenicity with the colonic mucosa and the sensitized lymphocytes implicate in the pathogenesis of chronic ulcerative colitis. Circ Shock, 1978, 5(1), 11 - 21 Glucose and lactate kinetics in guinea pigs following Escherichia coli endotoxin administration; Merrill GF et al.; Glucose and lactate turnovers were evaluated during the early stages (first three hours) of endotoxin-induced shock in unanesthetized male guinea pigs following the intravenous (IV) administration of 0.1 mg of Escherichia coli endotoxin . Rate of appearance (Ra), rate of disappearance (Rd), and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucose and lactate were determined by the primed-constant infusion of {6-(3)H}-glucose and NA L(+){U-14C}-lactate . Arterial glucose concentration was moderately elevated, and the Ra and Rd of glucose were increased significantly following endotoxin administration, while the slight increase in MCR was not statistically significant . Arterial lactate concentration was markedly increased and the Ra and Rd of lactate were significantly elevated . The percentage of {14C}-glucose derived from {14C}-lactate increased from 19% (control) to above 50% following endotoxin . From these data we found no evidence of impaired peripheral extraction of glucose . The increased glucose Ra and the higher percentage of {14C}-glucose being derived from {14C}-lactate suggest increased gluconeogenesis during the early stages following endotoxin administration. Avian Dis, 1978 Jan-Mar, 22(1), 10 - 5 Virulence of Escherichia coli strains for chicken embryos; Nabbut NH et al.; The virulence of 66 Escherichia coli strains was evaluated in 12-day-old chicken embryos inoculated by the allantoic route . The index of virulence used was the proportion of dead embryos within 3 days of inoculation . The strains were classified into "highly virulent," "moderately virulent," and "avirulent" groups . Although both virulent and avirulent strains grew equally well in vivo in the allantoic and yolk sacs, virulent E . coli invaded the whole embryo but avirulent ones failed to do so. Arch Virol, 1978, 56(4), 309 - 15 Radioprotective activity of interferon inducers; Talas M et al.; The radioprotective activity of interferon inducers (tilorone, Acranil, poly I:C and LPS) was investigated against acute X-ray irradiation and prolonged 60Co-gamma rays irradiation . The endogenous spleen colony formation test and percentage of surviving mice 30 days after irradiation were used as indicators . All interferon inducers investigated proved to have radioprotective activity. Nucleic Acids Res, 1978 Jan, 5(1), 257 - 69 1H NMR of valine tRNA modified bases . Evidence for multiple conformations; Kastrup RV et al.; Methyl and methylene protons of dihydrouridine 17 (hU), 6-methyladenosine 37 (M6A), 7-methylguanosine 46 (m7G), and ribothymidine 54 (rT) give clearly resolved peaks (220 MHz) for tRNA1val (coli solutions in D2O, 0.25 m NaCl, at 27 degrees C . Chemical shifts are generally consistent with a solution structure of tRNA1val similar to the crystal structure of tRNAphe (yeast) . At least 3 separate transitions are observed as the temperature is raised . The earliest involves disruption of native tertiary structure and formation of intermediate structures in the m7G and rT regions . A second transition results in a change in structure of the anticodon loop, containing m6A . The final step involves unfolding of the m7G and rT intermediates and melting of the TpsiC helix . Low salt concentrations produce multiple, partially denatured conformations, rather than a unique form, for tRNA1val . Native structure is almost completely reformed by addition of Na+ but Mg2+ is required for correct conformation in the vicinity of m7G. Nucleic Acids Res, 1978 Jan, 5(1), 241 - 56 Application of a rapid gel method to the sequencing of fragments of 16S ribosomal RNA from Escherichia coli; Ross A et al.; A gel sequencing method has been applied to two 5' end-labelled fragments of the 16S ribosomal RNA from E . coli . The procedure involves partial enzymatic hydrolysis by ribonucleases T1, U2 or A, in order to generate series of end-labelled subfragments terminating in guanine, adenine, or pyrimidine residues, respectively . The two fragments concerned were approximately 75 and 90 nucleotides in length, and both arose from the 3' region of the 16S RNA . The sequences deduced are compared with the published sequence of 16S RNA, and contribute information to the final ordering of the ribonuclease T1 oligonucleotides in the latter, as well as revealing some probable errors. Morphol Igazsagugyi Orv Sz, 1978 Jan, 18(1), 4 - 9 {X-ray microanalysis of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies with the use of EDAX}; Kuthy E et al.; X-ray microanalysis of Michaelis--Gutmann bodies in human malakoplakia (kidney and testes) and in that of rats induced experimentally by administration of endotoxin of Escherichia coli, was carried out . The presence of calcium could be revealed in every Michaelis--Gutmann body according to the lines of Kalfa and K3 as well . The amount of it was in correlation with the stage of the calcification . In the Michaelis--Gutmann bodies found in the rat kidney, fixed without OsO4 presence of P could also be demonstrated . The correlation between the weight per cent of Ca and P seems to evidence the presence of CaHPO4 . Results of the X-ray microanalysis of Michaelis--Gutmann bodies found in human and in experimentally induced malakoplakia appeared to be similar. Mol Biol (Mosk), 1978 Jan-Feb, 12(1), 191 - 205 {Effect of several factors on synthesis of RNA-polymerase subunits by Escherichia coli K12}; Bass IA et al.; In merodiploid cells containing a double dose of structural genes of RNA polymerase subunits--rpoB and rpoC--the rate of synthesis of beta- and beta'-subunits is 2 times higher than in haploid cells . Missense mutation rpoC1 (tsX) in the beta'-polypeptide gene accelerates the synthesis of both beta- and beta'-subunits, particularly at a nonpermissive temperature . When rpoB-rpoC operon containing mutation rpoC1 is duplicated no dose effect of these genes is observed . In the heterozygous state mutation rpoC1 produces almost no accelerating effect on the synthesis of RNA polymerase subunits i . e . is recessive with respect to the wild allele of rpoC . In the presence of rifampicin the synthesis of RNA polymerase subunits in a sensitive wild-type strain is stimulated 6-fold, the same effect is observed with cells carrying mutation rpoC1, the latter, however, itself accelerates the synthesis of these subunits 3-fold . Thus the effects of rifampicin and the mutation are synergistic indicating that these factors act independently . Similar data have also been obtained with rifampicin-treated cells of rpoB22 amber-mutant . In UV-irradiated cells, amino acid incorporation into beta- and beta'-subunits declines more rapidly than into the total protein . When either irradiated or non-irradiated cells are infected with a transducing phage lambdarifd-47 which carries rpoB gene, the synthesis of beta-proceeds at a higher rate . Irradiation of bacteria before the infection (500 erg/mm2) results in 6.5-fold acceleration of the synthesis induced by subsequent infection with lambdarifd-47 as compared to non-infected non-irradiated cells; the fraction of newly formed beta-polypeptide with respect to total protein grows 20-fold in this case . The data are considered with regard to the possible mechanisms of regulation of synthesis of RNA polymerase subunits. Mol Biol (Mosk), 1978 Jan-Feb, 12(1), 165 - 78 {Interaction of DNA with RNA-polymerase from Escherichia coli cells infected and uninfected with T2 phage}; Zaitsev IZ et al.; RNA polymerase from T2 infected E . coli has greatly reduced activity as compared to the enzyme from uninfected bacteria . Nevertheless both RNA polymerases synthesize heterogenous RNA species with the same maximum corresponding to chain length of 5600 nucleotides on T2 DNA . Rifampicin-challenge experiments suggest that these enzymes have identical kinetics of RNA chain initiation and elongation but their ability to form rapidly starting (RS) and delay starting (I) binary complexes with phage DNA are different . The temperature of I leads to RS transition on T2 DNA is 15 degrees for E . coli holoenzyme, but is 35 degrees for the RNA polymerase from infected cells . The transition temperature depends both on the core and on sigma fraction . Shift temperature technique was developed to investigate the kinetics of I in equilibrium RS complexes rearrangements and their temperature dependence . The rate of these rearrangements is strongly temperature dependent for E . coli holoenzyme, while for RNA polymerase from infected cells it is much lower and is practically temperature independent . From the kinetic data and from the temperature dependence of equilibrium RS-complexes concentration, the rate constants of RS-complexes formation and decay are calculated . The kinetic data obtained in rifampicin challenge experiments are in agreement with the data on the dissociation of DNA-enzyme complexes performed by the filter assay. Mol Biol (Mosk), 1978 Jan-Feb, 12(1), 135 - 46 {New method of determining parameters of oligonucleotide complex formation with nucleic acids according to the results of alkylation in complexes . Comparison with the method of equilibrium dialysis}; Grineva NI et al.; Binding constants of oligonucleotides with nucleic acids can be determined using data of nucleic acids alkylation with 2',3'-O-4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)benzylidene oligonucleotides . The latter bind to complementary sequences of nucleic acids, the binding constants of which are close to that of oligonucleotides . The extent of alkylation allows to determinate the equilibrium concentration of the binding with small corrections by an equation given, and hence to estimate the binding constants by standard modes . The binding constants of oligoadenylate and oligocytydilate derivatives with 23S RNA and rRNA have been determined at 0 degrees and 20 degrees by the method suggested and by the method of equilibrium dialysis . The binding constants are consistent of the magnitudes, as well as of the plots of the binding constants versus the oligomer and RNA concentrations and versus the oligomer length . The data obtained indicate that alkylation within the complexes of tri-hexamers with rRNA proceeds under the condition of an established equilibrium . Limits of the method suggested are evaluated. Mol Biol (Mosk), 1978 Jan-Feb, 12(1), 108 - 15 {Construction and molecular cloning of hybrid plasmids containing specific fragments of Escherichia coli DNA}; Kozlov IuI et al.; In the paper a convenient procedure for the isolation of specific Eco RI-fragments of E . coli genome and their amplification on Km-resistance plasmid vector CKdelta11 is described . Plasmid CKdelta11 contains Col E1 replicon and has only one Eco RI site . The hybrid molecules were constructed in vitro using Eco RI-digestion followed by ligation . Then appropriated E . coli strain (polyauxotrophic strain E . coli K12 AB 2463) was transformed with ligated DNA mixture and hybrid plasmids, containing arg, leu, his and thr chromosomal markers were selected by molecular cloning and isolated from the obtained E . coli clones . The hybrid plasmids have two Eco RI sites and consist of one Eco RI-fragment of initial plasmid CKdelta11 and one Eco RI-fragment of El coli DNA . The method described allows to isolate and amplify on hybrid plasmids DNA fragments, containing any selectable genes or genes adjacent to the selectable ones. Invest Radiol, 1978 Jan-Feb, 13(1), 21 - 5 Effect of endotoxemia on contrast media reactions; Slivka J et al.; Since complement activation is sharply temperature-dependent, we have examined the effects of fever produced by a very small dose of endotoxin on contrast media lethality in rabbits . After the injection of 8.2 ml/kg of 52% methylglucamine iodipamide, a group of rabbits exhibiting an average temperature elevation of 1.5 degrees C had a 100% mortality rate . This was contrasted to a 30% mortality in control rabbits receiving contrast alone, and no mortality in rabbits receiving endotoxin alone . The rabbits with fever and increased mortality exhibited increased activation of serum complement . From this preliminary data it appears that caution should be observed in performing a contrast examination in a patient with endotoxemia and/or a fever. Eur Surg Res, 1978, 10(1), 50 - 62 Plasma kallikrein activity and prekallikrein levels during endotoxin shock in dogs; Aasen AO et al.; Endotoxin shock (ES) was induced in Labrador retriever dogs by infusion of a lethal dose of Escherichia coli endotoxin . Spontaneous plasma kallikrein activity and prekallikrein levels were determined during subsequent stages of the shock both by an esterolytic assay (BAEe) and a new amidolytic assay utilizing a chromogenic tripeptide derivative (Chromozym PK, Prntapharm AG, Basel Switzerland) . During the late stages of shock characterized by a substantial decline of blood pressure, plasma prekallikrein levels determined by the amidolytic assay were considerably reduced . In this phase of the shock both the esterolytic and the amidolytic assays revealed a significant elevation of spontaneous activity . Plasma prekallikrein determined by the esterolytic assay was found to be elevated vs . control values for the whole duration of ES . The findings made seem to associate activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system to the circulatory collapse of endotoxin shock in dogs. Biochem J, 1978 Jan 1, 169(1), 247 - 9 Recognition of individual Escherichia coli transfer ribonucleic acids by 1-adenine-specific methyltransferase from rat liver; Kraus J; Purified 1-adenine-specific tRNA methyltransferase from rat liver preferentially methylated Escherichia coli tRNA species containing the target adenylate residue in a G-T-psi-C-G-A-A-U-C sequence . The results of methylation of various tRNA species are discussed. Vet Pathol, 1978 Jan, 15(1), 92 - 101 Pathological changes in the small intestine of neonatal calves with enteric colibacillosis; Pearson GR et al.; Three neonatal calves, protected from colisepticaemia by intravenously administered immunoglobulin M, were infected orally with Escherichia coli type 0101 K?(A) . All calves developed severe enteric colibacillosis . When they were 4 days old stunting and fusion of villi were seen in the distal half of the small intestine and were associated with adhesion of the challenge organism to the mucosa . Two uninfected control calves kept under similar conditions, did not develop diarrhoea and had no lesions. Urologe A, 1978 Jan, 17(1), 5 - 9 {Occult reflux (author's transl)}; Kollermann MW et al.; Level diagnosis repeatedly performed in patients without roentgenologically demonstrable reflux demonstrated bladder bacteriuria in 80% of the cases . The remaining 20% had supravesical bacteriuria . We called this occult reflux, if reinfection was demonstrated . Contamination of the upper tract by occult reflux can, but must not induce pyelonephritis . Bilateral antireflux surgery frequently eliminates occult reflux of bacteria, so this seems a debatable method of treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1978 Jan, 75(1), 270 - 4 Electron microscopic determination of the binding sites of ribosomal proteins S4 and S8 on 16S RNA; Cole MD et al.; Specific complexes.early in the assembly of Escherichia coli ribosomes were examined in the electron microscope . Complexes between ribosomal protein S4 or S8 and 16S RNA were fixed gently with formaldehyde and then denatured for protein-free spreading . Binding of each protein was found to preserve an easily recognized configuration in the RNA that allows the sites of protein binding to be determined . S8--16S RNA complexes have a single hairpin loop near the middle of the 16S RNA, 798 +/- 21 bases from one end and 657 +/- 26 bases from the other . S4-16S RNA complexes have two adjacent loops at one end with 250--450 bases . This structure probably arises from the simultaneous binding of S4 to three noncontiguous sites on the RNA . Measurements of these complexes place the binding sites near the 5' end, at more than one site 250--585 nucleotides from the 5' end and 645 +/- 45 bases from the 3' end . The latter site has not been recognized previously as a distinct S4 binding site . This approach allows the binding sites to be determined without knowledge of the nucleotide sequence and gives insight into the configuration of the rRNA in the assembling ribisome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1978 Jan, 75(1), 190 - 4 Structure of yeast phenylalanine-tRNA genes: an intervening DNA segment within the region coding for the tRNA; Valenzuela P et al.; Sixteen bacterial clones containing sequences complementary to yeast PhetRNA were isolated from a collection of hybrid plasmids containing BamHI restriction endonuclease-generated yeast DNA fragments inserted in the plasmid vector pBR315 . Ten of these clones contained hybrid plasmids with distinct BamHI fragments . The sequence of the Phe-tRNA structural genes and adjacent regions of three of these clones is reported here . In the region flanking the tRNA gene, the sequence of two of the cloned DNAs is similar; the sequence of the third varies considerably . All three of the tRNA genes are bordered by A,T-rich regions . In particular, near the region coding for the 3' end of the tRNA there is a long sequence of As in the coding strand . This is reminiscent of the region of termination of transcription of the yeast 5S rRNA gene . The sequences coding for the Phe-tRNA contain an additional segment of 18 or 19 base pairs (depending upon the clone) not predicted by the yeast Phe-tRNA sequence . These intervening segments are nearly identical in the three clones and are located within the structural gene, two base pairs from the nucleotides coding for the tRNA anticodon. Postgrad Med J, 1978 Jan, 54(627), 33 - 5 Effect of noxythiolin on experimental peritonitis; Gilmore OJ et al.; The intraperitoneal instillation of noxythiolin in the treatment of peritonitis is widespread in clinical practice despite contradictory evidence as to its efficacy . In this light the value of noxythiolin was reappraised by studying its effect in guinea-pigs and mice with induced bacterial peritonitis . Treatment with a 1% solution of noxythiolin reduced the mortality rate of mice by 14% (P less than 0.1) . The guinea-pig model proved unreliable giving inconsistent mortality rates throughout . Further studies are required to determine the optimum dose and concentration of noxythiolin while the search for more effective intraperitoneal antiseptics should continue. Mutat Res, 1978 Jan, 56(3), 225 - 34 The efficiency and extent of mutagenic activity of some new mutagens of base-analogue type; Janion C; N4-Hydroxycytidine, 5-methyl-N4-hydroxydeoxycytidine and 2-amino-N6-hydroxyadenine were tested for their mutagenic activity in S . typhimurium and E . coli cells . Reversion analysis of different markers was applied in a plate-test system, and 2-aminopurine was used as a reference mutagen . (i) 2-Amino-N6-hydroxyadenine was the most potent mutagen . In some cases it gave more than 1000 colonies of revertants per plate . (ii) N6-Hydroxycytidine was the least specific mutagen . Almost all the tested markers were inducible to revert by this analogue . (iii) The mutagenic specificity of 5-methyl-N4-hydroxydeoxycytidine seemed to be opposite to that of 2-aminopurine . This suggests that the former can induce transition of CG to TA . (iv) A comparison of the mutagenic actions of N4-hydroxycytidine and 5-methyl-N4-hydroxy-deoxycytidine showed that deoxyriboside analogues are not necessarily more efficient mutagens than ribonucleosides . (v) No purine or pyrimidine deficiency was needed for mutagenesis to occur for any of the mutagens investigated . (vi) The results on bacteria with different repair abilities suggest that base-analogue mutagenesis (except perhaps for BrdUrd) occurs mainly during replication of nucleic acids containing substituted nucleosides with bi-functional specificity. J Exp Med, 1978 Jan 1, 147(1), 39 - 49 Genetic control of endotoxic responses in mice; Watson J et al.; A number of altered immunologic responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C3H/HeJ mice result from the expression in B lymphocytes of a defective genetic locus, termed Lps . Lps has been mapped to chromosome 4 between two loci, Mup-1 and Ps . As it is difficult to type individual mice for LPS responsiveness in more than one type of assay, we have utilized Mup-1 as a genetic marker to correlate LPS responses in mice to the expression of the Lps locus . Three nonlymphoid responses to LPS have been examined in 12 recombinant inbred strains of mice and in a backcross linkage analysis, and are all regulated by the expression of the Lps locus . These responses are hypothermal changes in body temperature, and the elevation in serum levels of a colony stimulating factor and the precursor of the secondary amyloid protein AA . Therefore, the initiation of LPS responses in different cell types in mice involve the expression of a common locus . These linkage studies provide a means for analyzing the genetic control of many of the diverse reactions of the endotoxic response to LPS. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem, 1978 Jan, 359(1), 89 - 101 tRNA isopentenyltransferase from Zea mays L . Characterization of the isopentenylation reaction of tRNA, oligo (A) and other nucleic acids; Holtz J et al.; The extraction and purification of the tRNA isopentenyltransferase from maize root tips and kernels are reported . The relative amounts of this enzyme in different organs of maize have been determined . Root tips have the highest enzyme activities, followed by kernels and young leaves . Old leaves exhibit very low activity . The molecular mass of the monomeric enzyme was determined to be 57000 - 63000 dalton . pH and Mg2 optima are in full agreement with the data reported for the enzymes from yeast and Escherichia coli . Spermine enhances the isopentenylation of tRNA from kernels . The "Km" values of KMnO4-treated or untreated bulk tRNA from yeast and maize root tips and kernels were in the range of 10 to 34 micrometer while the Km values of of single species like tRNASer4 from rat liver and tRNATyrKMnO4 from E . coli were 1.1 and 6.6 micrometer, respectively . The tRNA isopentenyltransferase from maize root tips and kernels catalyzes the incorporation of 2-isopentenyl groups into (Ap)3-7A, endogenous bulk oligonucleotos from maize root tips and kernels, and into poly(A), RNA from MS-2 phages and, to a very low extent, into adenosine . The Km values of (Ap)3-7 A varied in the range of 250 to 750micrometer . Although oligonucleotides have less affinity to the enzyme, the formation of i6A within oligonucleotides may occur in vivo, due to their higher concentrations in cells. Genetika, 1978, 14(1), 111 - 21 {Allele specificity of genetic recombination in T4 phage using the indicator crossing study method}; Shcherbakov VP et al.; The diagrams of relative correction ability of eighteen rII mutants of T4 phage were constructed on the basis of two-factor crosses, which were grouped into indicator series . In each series a pair of closely linked compared markers was crossed against indicator ones, the latter being distant enough so as to avoid simultaneous correction with the compared marker . The differences between the frequencies of wild type recombinants in crosses of two compared markers with indicator ones remained constant within the series and can be used as a measure of the differences between the compared markers in their correction ability . Mutants of base substitution type have small but statistically significant differences in correction ability . Simultaneous substitution of two bases in one codon yields a mutant which shows higher correction ability when compared to the mutant obtained as a result of substitution of only one base in the same codon . Frame shift mutants show much wider range of correctibility: some of them are corrected more rarely and others more frequently than base substitution mutants are. Biokhimiia, 1978 Jan, 43(1), 17 - 22 {Determination of leucine-binding protein content of Escherichia coli cells}; Arsen'eva EA et al.; A radioimmunochemical method of determination of leucine-binding protein and a method, based on the selective absorption of the protein and its complex with leucine on DEAE-cellulose, has been developed . The protein content in the E . coli cells at different stage of growth has been determined by the radioimmunochemical and equilibrium dialysis methods . It was shown that the protein content in the cells is practically independent of the growth-phase. Arthritis Rheum, 1978 Jan-Feb, 21(1), 45 - 50 Effect of systemic lupus erythematosus antibodies against DNA on RNA synthesis; Makarova OV; The majority of tested systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera inhibited RNA synthesis in vitro on the stage of RNA chain elongation . Two sera were also active in inhibiting the binding of the enzyme to the template . No correlation has been found between the sera activity in filter radioimmunoassay, their specificity to double- or single-stranded DNA, and the degree of RNA synthesis inhibition. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1978 Jan, 35(1), 6 - 10 Breaks induced in the deoxyribonucleic acid of aerosolized Escherichia coli by ozonized cyclohexene; De Mik G et al.; The inactivation of aerosolized Escherichia coli by ozone, cyclohexene, and ozonized cyclohexene was studied . The parameters for damage were loss of reproduction and introduction of breaks in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) . Aerosolization of E . coli in clean air at 80 percent relative humidity or in air containing either ozone or cyclohexene hardly affected survival; however, some breaks per DNA molecule were induced, as shown by sucrose gradient sedimentation of the DNA . Aerosolization of E . coli in air containing ozonized cyclohexene at 80 percent relative humidity decreased the survival by a factor of 10(3) or more after 1 h of exposure and induced many breaks in the DNA. Ann Clin Lab Sci, 1978 Jan-Feb, 8(1), 30 - 3 Inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis by corticosteroids; Shea C et al.; A direct inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on granulocyte chemotaxis has been demonstrated with an increasing inhibition between concentrations of 5 microgram to 12.5 microgram per ml . Washing the granulocytes after incubation with hydrocortisone did not reverse the inhibitory effect on chemotaxis indicating a direct cellular effect . Bacteriocidal capacity of the hydrocortisone treated cells was not reduced . These studies indicate corticosteroids, alter motility of granulocytes irreversibly possibly by incorporation into the cell membrane. Am J Public Health, 1978 Jan, 68(1), 68 - 70 Antibody to Escherichia coli enterotoxin in meat-packing workers; Wallace RB et al.; Meat-packing plant employees exposed to raw animal products had serological evidence of higher infection rates with heat-labile toxin producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (LT-EEC) . In those employees with multiple sera available for study over a ten-year period, a drop in mean anti-LT-EEC titer was observed, suggesting altered ecology of or exposure to the organism during this time . Prospective studies need to be done to determine if meat-packing workers actually experience a greater incidence of LT-EEC-induced diarrheal disease. Mutat Res, 1978 Jan, 49(1), 9 - 18 Mode of mutagenic action of 4-benzoylamido- and 4-acetamido-4-carboxamido-n(N-nitroso)-butylcyanamide; Otsuji N et al.; The mode of mutagenic action of 4-benzoylamido- and 4-acetamido- 4-carboxamido-n(N-nitroso)-butylcyanamide (BCNBC, ACNBC) was studied using Escherichia coli K12 strains . The strains carrying defects in DNA-repair mechanism, AB2463 (recA) and P3478 (polA) were more sensitive than their parent strains to both compounds, while AB1886 (uvrA) showed the same sensitivity as the parental strain . About 90% of tryptophan revertants from BE1043 (trpambphoamb) by both compounds were due to mutation in suppressor genes . Suppressor analysis by using BE1047 (trpambphooch) revealed that the most frequently occurring reversion was due to a mutation in suppressor gene, supE . This implies that these two alkylnitrosocyanamides predominantly induce GC leads to AT transition. Mutat Res, 1978 Jan, 49(1), 1 - 8 An evaluation of Tween 80 effects on the survival and DNA repair in Escherichia coli following UV or gamma irradiation; Chi RK et al.; The notion that Tween 80 may be a DNA-repair inhibitor was tested with Escherichia coli . The results indicate that cell growth, colony-forming ability, and the rate and extent of removal of thymine-containing dimers from DNA are unchanged in the presence of Tween 80 . We conclude that this detergent does not increase or diminish the effect of UV or gamma irradiation to bacteria. J Nucl Med, 1978 Jan, 19(1), 36 - 43 Studies on gallium accumulation in inflammatory lesions: I . Gallium uptake by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes; Tsan MF et al.; The mechanism of ionic gallium-67 localization in inflammatory lesions was studied . Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) had higher Ga-67 uptake than lymphocytes, whereas red blood cells had no affinity for Ga-67 . Uptake by PMN showed temperature dependence, was independent of Ga-67 concentrations, and was not inhibited by metabolic inhibitors . However, its binding to PMN could be removed by trypsin but not by neuraminidase . These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the plasma membrane serves as a diffusion barrier and Ga-67 only binds to the surface of the PMN plasma membrane . When this membrane's permeability barrier was disrupted, as in heat-killed PMN, Ga-67 uptake increased markedly . Experimental abscesses were induced with E . coli or turpentine in rabbits . Twenty-four hours after i.v . injection, only 20% of Ga-67 in abscesses was in fractions containing intact PMN, cell debris or bacteria; the remainder was in a soluble, non-cellular fraction (2,500-g supernatant). Cell, 1978 Jan, 13(1), 73 - 81 On the nature of tetracycline resistance controlled by the plasmid pSC101; Tait RC et al.; In vitro enzymatic alteration of plasmid phenotype and in vitro construction of recombinant plasmids containing genetic information derived from the plasmid pSC101 have been used to investigate the mechanism of function of tetracycline resistance determined by the plasmid pSC101 . The resistance has been shown to be inducible and involves the increased synthesis of membrane-associated polypeptides of 34,000, 26,000 and 14,000 daltons that are encoded for by the plasmid . The 34,000 dalton polypeptide along with another plasmid-encoded polypeptide of 18,000 daltons function in an ATP-independent manner to prevent the accumulation of tetracycline by the cell . These polypeptides are sufficient for resistance . A second component of plasmid-determined resistance involves the 14,000 dalton polypeptide and reduces the initial adsorption of tetracycline by sensitive cells, but is not alone sufficient for the generation of resistance . The role of the 26,000 dalton polypeptide in tetracycline resistance has not been identified. Am J Pathol, 1978 Jan, 90(1), 7 - 22 The effects of indomethacin on the generalized shwartzman reaction; Howes EL Jr et al.; The antiflammatory drug indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, prevents the generalized Shwartzman reaction produced in rabbits by two intravenous injections of bacterial endotoxin . Indomethacin has this effect if given before the first but not the second injection of endotoxin . Measurements of circulating white blood cells, platelets, partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, plasminogen, and soluble fibrin were made at several times after either the first or second injection of endotoxin treated and nontreated rabbits . Four hours after the first injection of endotoxin, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were somewhat greater in treated rabbits and the prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time was shortened . Twenty-one hours after injection of endotoxin, leukocytosis and elevation of plasma fibrinogen were not as great in treated animals . Four hours following the second injection of endotoxin a decrease in fibrinogen, prolongation of the prothrombin time, and the elaboration of soluble fibrin were consistently found in rabbits with the generalized Shwartzman reaction . In treated rabbits, none of these changes occurred . Indomethacin prevents the generalized Shwartzman reaction by preventing the development of the prepared state in this endotoxin model. J Clin Pharmacol, 1978 Jan, 18(1), 61 - 6 Evaluation of amoxicillin therapy in ill children; Marks MI et al.; Ampicillin and amoxicillin were evaluated in 37 ill children . Detailed pharmacokinetic studies in 27 of these children demonstrated an advantage in oral absorption of amoxicillin over ampicillin at dosages of both 12.5 and 25 mg/kg per dose . Individual variation was great for both drugs . No sequence effect was noted for patients receiving ampicillin before either ampicillin or amoxicillin . Amoxicillin was tolerated well by the majority of patients, and the drug was not discontinued because of side effects in any patient . No toxicities were noted for amoxicillin in any of the 20 patients studied for abnormalities in hematologic hepatic, and renal functions . Pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, tolerance, and toxicity studies support the clinical usage of amoxicillin in pediatric infectious diseases . However, comparative, controlled clinicalinvestigations are needed to better define the clinical advantages of this drug over ampicillin. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 81 - 4 Gene dosage effects of the structural gene for a lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane; Movva NR et al.; The gene dosage effects of the structural gene (lpp) for the lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane were examined . A novel F-prime factor containing the lpp gene was constructed . The amount of the free-form lipoprotein in the merodiploid strain carrying the F-prime factor was found to be about two times as great as that in the corresponding haploid strain . On the other hand, the amount of the bound-form lipoprotein, which is vovalently linked to the peptidoglycan, was not significantly different in the merodiploid strain as compared with the corresponding haploid strain . The present results suggest that the lpp gene is expressed constitutively in contrast to another major protein of the E . coli outer membrane, tolG protein (protein II, D . B . Datta et al., J . Bacteriol . 128:834-841, 1976) . The F-prime factor isolated may include a portion of the E . coli chromosome (located between 33 and 36 min on the genetic map) that is not covered by any other F-prime factor. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 75 - 80 Single-strand breakage in DNA of Escherichia coli exposed to Cd2+; Mitra RS et al.; When a growing culture of Escherichia coli was exposed to 3 X 10(-6) M Cd2+, 85 to 95% of the cells lost their ability to form colonies on agar plates . Loss of viability was accompanied by considerable single-strand breakage in the DNA, with no detectable increase in double-strand breaks . A direct correlation appeared to exist between the number of single-strand breaks and the concentrations of Cd2+ to which the cells were exposed . Exposure of DNA in vitro to a Cd2+ concentration of 3 X 10(-6) M or higher, followed by sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients, demonstrated no single-strand breaks . Cadmium-exposed cells recovered viability when incubated in Cd2+-free liquid medium containing 10 mM hydroxyurea . During the early period of recovery, there was a lag in the incorporation of labeled thymidine, but cellular DNA, at least in part, appeared to be repaired. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 442 - 5 F- mating materials able to generate a mating signal in mating with HfrH dnaB(Ts) cells; Ou JT et al.; The purified outer membrane from F- (W1-3) cells was shown to inhibit mating effectively, but the purified cytoplasmic (inner) membrane did not . These membranes, heat-treated minicells, and ultraviolet-irradiated minicells were examined for their ability to generate a mating signal at 43 degrees C in mating with HfrH dnaB(Ts) cells . The outer and inner membranes and heat-treated minicells all failed to stimulate incorporation of radioactive thymine; only ultraviolet-irradiated minicells retained the ability to generate a mating signal for the donor to initiate transfer replication. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 433 - 6 ColE1 plasmid mutants affecting growth of an Escherichia coli recB recC sbcB mutant; Inselburg J; Three mutant derivatives of the plasmid ColE1 were found to reduce the formation of plasmidless cells in a recB recC sbcB cell population . An active plasmid role in the plasmid-host interaction is suggested. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 43 - 52 Conjugal transfer system of plasmid RP4: analysis by transposon 7 insertion; Barth PT et al.; We have begun an analysis in Escherichia coli of the conjugal transfer functions of the broad-host-range plasmid RP4 . We have isolated 19 tra mutants of RP4, generated by insertion of transposon 7, and mapped their insertion sites by restriction endonuclease analysis . These sites fall into two separate regions on either side of the kanamycin resistance determinant . The transfer rates of the mutants range from 10% of that of RP4 to an undetectable level . Spot tests with the P-1 pilus-specific phages PRR1, Pf3, and PR4 and electron microscopic examination for pili have classified the mutants into several phenotypes consistent with their having normal, retracted, or no pili . Analysis of transient plasmid heterozygotes, created by P1 transduction, divided the tra mutants into a minimum of five complementation groups . Some of these groups contain more than one phenotypic class and may represent more than one gene because of the possible polar and deletion effects of Tn7 insertion. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 409 - 10 Formation of N-carbamyl putrescine from citrulline in Escherichia coli; Akamatsu N et al.; Decarboxylation of citrulline by Escherichia coli enzymes was presented . The N-carbamyl putrescine produced showed the same properties as those of synthesized authentic samples in column chromatography, paper chromatography, and paper electrophoresis. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 406 - 8 Preferential inhibitory action of sodium cholate on an Escherichia coli strain carrying a plasmid in an integrated state; Yoshida Y et al.; Sodium cholate was shown to be preferentially more active on Escherichia coli strains carrying an integrated plasmid, i.e., on Hfr strains, than on their parental strains with or without a plasmid in an autonomous state. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 387 - 9 R plasmic Rtsl-mediated production of extracellular deoxyribonuclease in Escherichia coli; Matsumoto H et al.; Escherichia coli strains harboring Rtsl were found to excrete extracellular deoxyribonuclease . The DNase activity was greater in cells with pTW2, a mutant from Rtsl. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 364 - 71 Identification of the structural gene for the hook subunit protein of Escherichia coli flagella; Komeda Y et al.; Previous studies showed that the structural gene for the flagellar hook subunit protein (molecular weight 42,000) was one of a group of flagellar genes located on the Escherichia coli genome near pyrC . Several lines of evidence indicate that the flaK gene is the structural gene for the hook subunit protein . Fla+ strains that were insensitive to chi infection could be isolated as revertants of an FlaK- amber mutant strain but from no other Fla- strain . The hook subunit proteins isolated from such chi-sensitive revertants of the FlaK- strain were shown to be antigenically and electrophoretically different from the hook protein isolated from the wild-type strain . Thus, reversion of a mutation in the flaK gene resulted in alteration of the structure of the hook protein . Furthermore, in programming experiments with hybrid lambda containing flagellar genes, lambdafla with flaK genetic activity programmed the synthesis of a 42,000-molecular weight protein, whereas lambdafla without flaK genetic activity did not. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 33 - 42 F plasmid genes involved in the production of recombination-stimulating factor, control of sensitivity to some injurious agents, and chromosome replication in Escherichia coli K-12 HfrC; Chernin LS et al.; Three related F'arg+ plasmids isolated by Guyer and Clark were used to analyze some properties of strain MG751, a recipient derivative of an HfrC mutant (MG7) carrying a previously described pleiotropic mutation in the integrated F plasmid . Strains MG7 and MG751 both failed to produce recombination-stimulating factor, were sensitive to monofunctional alkylating agents and UV irradiation, and were temperature sensitive for growth and DNA synthesis . It was shown that these phenotypes are controlled by F plasmids genes (designated rsf, prt, and rep) that can be separated by deletion mutations occurring on the F plasmid. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 329 - 35 Interaction between two major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli: the matrix protein and the lipoprotein; DeMartini M et al.; The affinity to the matrix protein, one of the major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli, for the peptidoglycan was examined of extracting the cell envelope complex at 55 degrees C and 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate containing different amounts of NaCl . It was found that the matrix protein was extracted from the peptidoglycan of a mutant strain (lpo) that lacks another major membrane protein, the lipoprotein, at a lower NaCl concentration than was the matrix protein of the wild-type cell (lpo+) . When the envelope fraction of the wild-type strain was treated with trypsin, which is known to cleave the bound-form lipoprotein from the peptidoglycan, the affinity of the matrix protein for the peptidoglycan decreased to the same level as that of the affinity of the matrix protein for the peptidoglycan of the mutant strain . It was further shown that the free-form lipoprotein was also retained in the matrix protein-peptidoglycan complex, although the extent of retention of the free form of the lipoprotein was less than that of the matrix protein . These results indicate that both the free and the bound forms of the lipoprotein are closely associated with the matrix protein and that the bound form of the lipoprotein plays and important role in the association between the matrix protein and the peptidoglycan. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 306 - 19 Immunochemical analysis of inner and outer membranes of Escherichia coli by crossed immunoelectrophoresis; Smyth CJ et al.; Isolated membrane fractions of Escherichia coli K-12 yielded complex immunoprecipitate patterns when Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate extracts were examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with antienvelope immunoglobulins . Twelve of the 46 antigens in the immunoprecipitate patterns of inner (plasma) membranes were identified by zymograms and/or by the use of specific antisera . The following enzyme activities were detected in immunoprecipitates: 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.43); adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3); glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.4), two separate components; malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37); dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.3.1); succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1); lactate dehydrogeanse (EC 1.1.1.27); reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3); protease (EC 3.4.21.1); and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.5) . The corresponding immunoprecipitate pattern for isolated outer membranes consisted of at least 25 discrete antigens and differed strikingly from that obtained with inner membranes . Two major immunogens were identified as lipopolysaccharide and Braun lipoprotein . A protease-active immunoprecipitate was also detected in this fraction, but attempts to identify the Rosenbusch matrix protein in the crossed immunoelectrophoretic profile were unsuccessful. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 279 - 86 Arrangement of protein I in Escherichia coli outer membrane: cross-linking study; Palva ET et al.; The arrangement of protein I in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli was investigated by cross-linking whole cells, isolated cell wall, protein-peptidoglycan complexes, and protein I released from peptidoglycan with NaCl . Both cleavable azide cross-linkers and imidoester reagents were used . The data presented suggest that protein I exists in the outer membrane as a trimer. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 270 - 8 Uptake of extracellular biotin by Escherichia coli biotin prototrophs; Cicmanec JF et al.; Uptake of exogenous biotin by two Escherichia coli biotin prototroph strains, K-12 and Crookes, appeared to involve incorporation at a fixed number of binding sites located at the cell membrane . Incorporation was characterized as a binding process specific for biotin, not requiring energy, and stimulated by acidic pH . Constant saturation quantities of exogenous biotin were incorporated by these cells, and the amounts, which were titrated, depended on whether the cells were resting or dividing . Resting cells incorporated exogenous biotin amounting to 2% of their total intracellular biotin content . Fifty percent of the exogenous biotin was incorporated into their free biotin fraction, and 50% was incorporated into their bound biotin fraction . On the other hand, dividing cells incorporated exogenous biotin into all of their intracellular sites, 88% going into the intracellular-bound biotin fraction, and 12% going into the free biotin fraction . Calculations suggested that each cell contained approximately 3,000 binding sites for biotin . It was postulated that biotin incorporation sites might have been components of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase located at or near the membrane. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 178 - 84 Regulatory properties of araC(c) mutants in the L-arabinose operon of escherichia coliB/r; MacInnes KR et al.; Merodiploids containing a high-constitutive and a low-constitutive araC(c) allele were assayed for constitutive expression of the ara operon . Low-constitutive araC(c) alleles either were unable to repress the constitutive rate of ara operon expression exhibited by by high-constitutive araC(c) alleles or achieved a partial repression of the high-constitutive rate of operon expression . Either mutation to a low-constitutive araC(c) mutant resulted in a partial or complete loss of repressor function, or subunit mixing between the two araC(c) mutant proteins resulted in a partial or complete dominance of the high-constitutive araC(c) allele . Five of the six araC(c) alleles tested allowed a partial induction of the ara operon in cya crp background . In general, a higher level of ara operon induction was achieved in the cya crp background by high araC(c) alleles than by low araC(c) alleles . Furthermore, several araC(c) mutants exhibited decreased sensitivity to catabolite repression, particularly in the presence of inducer . The results suggest a model in which certain araC(c) gene products can achieve ara operon induction in the presence of either arabinose (inducer) or catabolite activator protein-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, whereas the wild-type araC gene product requires the presence of both of these factors for operon expression. Chemotherapy, 1978, 24(1), 24 - 8 Binding of chloramphenicol and its acetylated derivatives to Escherichia coli ribosomal subunits; Piffaretti JC et al.; Chloramphenicol-acetylated derivatives (1-monoacetoxy-; 3-monoacetoxy-; 1,3-diacetoxy-chloramphenicol), produced by a wild type Escherichia coli strain carrying an R factor, have been extracted and purified . None of the acetylated derivatives has been found to bind to E . coli ribosomal subunits. Scand J Immunol, 1978, 8(4), 323 - 31 A chemical approach to the mechanism of B-lymphocyte activation . II . The pure presentation of haptens does not inactivate B lymphocytes; Vidal-Gomez J; Dinitrophenyl (DNP)-lysine-polymethylmethacrylate and DNP-cellulose conjugates do not irreversibly inactivate anti-DNP antigen-sensitive cells, regardless of the dose (up to 10 mg) or persistence of the stimulation (up to 2 weeks) . Since these conjugates constitute pure hapten presentations, it is concluded that the pure hapten presentation to B lymphocyte does not irreversibly inactivate them . When murine spleen cells are cultured with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (non-immunogenic) DNP-lysine-polymethylmethacrylate or (non-immunogenic) DNP-cellulose conjugates, an anti-DNP immune response occurs . However, replacement of DNP-lysine-polymethylmethacrylate with polymethylmethacrylate, or DNP-cellulose with cellulose, also results in a similar anti-DNP response . It is consequently concluded that the anti-DNP responses are entirely elicited by LPS, the hapten Dnp being inoperative . The anti-DNP response elicited by DNP-Ficoll is, upon exhaustive testing, carrier-dependent . This implies that the mechanism of DNP-Ficoll immunogenicity is not two cooperative signals passed on to B lymphocytes via the hapten DNP . These results argue against any two-signal model of B-lymphocyte activation. Neoplasma, 1978, 25(1), 133 - 9 L-asparaginase in treatment of acute leukemia in children; Misikova Z et al.; L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli--Crasnitin was used in 14 children with acute leukemia unresponsive to conventional treatment: 11 acute lymphoblastic leukemias, 1 acute myeloblastic leukemia, 2 other forms of leukemia . The remission induction was obtained in 70% of applications . Median of remission duration was 90 days . Serious side effects were observed . The validity of L-asparaginase in therapy of advanced childhood ALL is stressed. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1978 Jan, 75(1), 153 - 7 Structure of nascent replicative form DNA of coliphage M13; Dasgupta S et al.; Nascent replicative form type II (RFII) DNA of coliphage M13 synthesized in an Escherichia coli mutant deficient in the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease associated uith DNA polymerase I contains ribonucleotides that are retained in the covalently closed RFI DNA sealed in vitro by the joint action of T5 phage DNA polymerase and T4 phage DNA ligase . These RFI molecules are labile to alkali and RNase H, unlike the RFI produced either in vivo or from RFII with E . coli DNA polymerase I and E . coli DNA ligase . The ribonucleotides are located at one site and predominantly in one strand of the nascent RF DNA . Furthermore, these molecules contain multiple small gaps, randomly located, and one large gap in the intracistronic region. Adv Shock Res, 1978, 1, 125 - 47 Zymosan-induced resistance to endotoxin and hemorrhagic shock; Joyce LD et al.; Improved surgical techniques and judicial use of available antibiotics have reduced the number of postoperative complications over the past decade . However, septic and hemorrhagic shock occur all too frequently, and each carries with it an appreciable morbidity and mortality . Endotoxins and hemorrhage are both known to suppress the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) . On the other hand, zymosan, a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell wall preparation administered intravenously, results in temporary RES hyperplasia and increased phagocytic activity . Dogs were pretreated with zymosan to determine the degree of RES stimulation and protection against endotoxin and hemorrhagic shock attainable . Twenty-five dogs received intravenous zymosan (10 mg/kg) on days 1, 2, and 3 . Another 24 dogs served as controls . On day four, one-half the animals in each group received E coli endotoxin (1.5 mg/kg) intravenously . The other animals underwent two hours of hemorrhagic shock at a mean blood pressure of 40 mm Hg . Seventy-two hour survival was as follows: Endotoxin treated, 66.7% (8/12); endotoxin control, 27% (3/11); hemorrhagic treated, 53.3% (8/15); and hemorrhagic control, 28.6% (4/14) . Hemodynamic, metabolic, and lysosomal enzyme parameters were evaluated . No zymosan toxicity was observed . These findings suggest that an RES stimulant such as zymosan could be incorporated as preoperative adjunctive therapy to induce resistance to these shock syndromes in the elective surgical patient. Microbios, 1978, 23(93-94), 175 - 92 Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase: a cellular site of hyperbaric oxygen toxicity; Brown OR et al.; The growth-inhibitory effect of 4.2 atm of hyperbaric oxygen for Escherichia coli was strongly influenced by available nutrients . A pattern of protection was achieved with various carbohydrate intermediates which was consistent with oxygen-induced poisoning of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase and of enzymes required in the pentose shunt and for converting galactose into glucose . Two of these sites have not been investigated further, but direct evidence was obtained that purified fructose-1,6-diphosphatase was inactivated in vitro by superoxide anion, but not by molecular oxygen at hyperbaric pressure (4.2 atm) . Poisioning of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase by metabolically generated oxygen radicals, such as superoxide ion, would have deleterious effects for E . coli in media where synthesis of glucose by reverse glycolysis is required, and presumably for cells of higher organisms, including man. Arzneimittelforschung, 1978, 28(12), 2246 - 51 Further studies on the antipyretic action of polymyxin B in pyrogen-induced fever; van Miert AS et al.; A study of the antipyretic effect of polymyxin B was undertaken to determine how this agent reduces fever in rabbits . It involved the effects of the drug: (1) on fever induced by exogenous pyrogenes (E . coli lipopolysaccharide, synthetic double-stranded ribonucleic acid, sodium nucleinate from yeast) and leucocytic pyrogen, (2) on the release of endogenous pyrogen in vivo and in vitro, and (3) on leucocytic and exogenous pyrogens in vitro . The results indicate that polymyxin B produces an antipyretic effect in endotoxin-induced fever primarily by an interaction of this cationic macromolecule with the anionic endotoxin molecule . Further it is likely that polymyxin B inhibits endogenous pyrogen synthesis and/or release from polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Acta Biol Med Ger, 1978, 37(9), 1363 - 76 Preparation and properties of a Met-tRNAf binding factor from rat liver and rat hepatoma; Bommer UA et al.; A Met-tRNAf binding factor (IF-2) from the microsomal fraction of rat liver and rat hepatoma ascites cells was partially purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography . The factor binds {3H}Met-tRNAf only in the presence of either GTP or GMPPCP . Maximal binding takes place at 37 degrees C and in the absence of Mg++ . The factor is specific for Met-tRNAf and does not bind Phe-tRNA from rat liver or from E . coli . The ternary complex {Met-tRNAf . IF-2 . GTP1 binds to 40 S ribosomal subunits from rat liver in the absence of mRNA or poly(A, G, U) without GTP hydrolysis . GDP as well as aurintricarboxylic acid inhibit the ternary complex formation . Both factors are rapidly inactivated by N-ethylmaleimide treatment and by preincubation at 45 degrees C . Heat inactivation is partially prevented by GTP and GDP . With regard to the functional properties there are no significant differences between IF-2 from normal liver and hepatoma cells . On the other hand heat denaturation compared to the rat liver factor, which may be due to differences in contaminating proteins. Prep Biochem, 1978, 8(6), 479 - 502 Purification of acetate kinase by affinity chromatography; Swartz JR et al.; A one-step procedure using affinity chromatography has been shown to purify to apparent homogeneity acetate kinase from a commercially available preparation and to partially purify the enzyme from a crude, cell-free extract . Since the gel's capacity for enzyme adsorption is controlled by the thermodynamics of ligand-enzyme interaction, maximization of the adsorption isotherm was attempted . Enzyme adsorption decreased logarithmically with increasing ionic strength but increased with increasing concentration of MgCl2 . These competing effects caused the net adsorption of enzyme to increase to a maximum and then to decrease as the MgCl2 concentration was raised . The results allow a significant improvement in affinity column performance and have important implications for scale-up procedures. Prep Biochem, 1978, 8(6), 471 - 8 A method of the rapid preparation of adenosine 5'-gamma-{32P} triphosphate by chemical synthesis; Koziolkiewicz W et al.; A new chemical method for the synthesis of adenosine 5'-gamma-{32P} triphosphate has been developed based on the reaction of adenosine 5'-diphosphate with ethyl chloroformate . The resulting active mixed anhydride was able to react with {32P}-triethylammonium orthophosphate to give gamma-{32P}ATP. J Supramol Struct, 1978, 9(2), 219 - 30 The Escherichia coli adenylate cyclase complex: activation by phosphoenolpyruvate; Peterkofsky A et al.; A model for the regulation of the activity of Escherichia coli adenylate cyclase is presented . It is proposed that Enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) interacts in a regulatory sense with the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase . The phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphorylation of Enzyme I is assumed to be associated with a high activity state of adenylate cyclase . The pyruvate or sugar-dependent dephosphorylation of Enzyme I is correlated with a low activity state of adenylate cyclase . Evidence in support of the proposed model involves the observation that Enzyme I mutants have low cAMP levels and that PEP increases cellular cAMP levels and, under certain conditions, activates adenylate cyclase, Kinetic studies indicate that various ligands have opposing effects on adenylate cyclase . While PEP activates the enzyme, either glucose or pyruvate inhibit it . The unique relationships of PEP and Enzyme I to adenylate cyclase activity are discussed. Microbiol Immunol, 1978, 22(9), 557 - 64 Modification of immune response in nude mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus; Tamura T et al.; In nude mice experimentally infected with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), the numbers of early and later plaque forming cells (PFC) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) generated in the spleen were 7 to 20 times and 2 to 163 times, respectively, greater than those in non-infected nude mice, when SRBC were given at day 0 to day 21 postinfection . Splenic theta-positive lymphocytes in infected nude mice were shown to increase only at day 10 or more postinfection . PFC response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a T cell-independent antigen, was not modified in MHV-infected nude mice. Biochimie, 1978, 60(8), 755 - 65 {Quaternary structure and proteolysis of the polynucleotide phosphorylase from C . perfringens}; Guissani A; This report describes structural studies on purified polynucleotide phosphorylase from C . perfringens . A method is described for the purification of the enzyme which yields a product equivalent in activity to the native polynucleotide phosphorylase from E . coli . These studies revealed a molecular heterogeneity arising from successive stages of proteolysis, to which this enzyme is especially sensitive; unusally, the enzyme is obtained as a mixture of variable proportions of the native and proteolysed forms . We found in all cases a trimeric basic structure composed of the native (alpha) or proteolysed (lapha) or proteolysed (alpha', alpha") catalytic sub-units, However, the enzyme is rather easily dissociated into its sub-units, a phenomenon which seems to accompany proteolysis (Table) . Under the action of either endogenous proteases or trypsin, two enzymatic forms are obtained: their quaternary structures seem analogous, but they differ in their catalytic properties from each other and from the initial enzyme . With some care at each step of purification, the polynucleotide phosphorylase of E . coli can be obtained exclusively in its native form . The greater susceptibility to proteolysis of the enzyme from C . perfrigens and the relationship between such degradation and quaternary structure seem to be at the origin of the peculiar behavior of this polynucleotide phosphorylase. Adv Exp Med Biol, 1978, 110, 175 - 91 Results of a five-year study of the curative effect of double stranded ribonucleic acid in viral dermatoses and eye diseases; Borecky L et al.; Double stranded RNA obtained from non-permissive E . coli cells infected with f2-phage was tested in 5 hospitals in viral dermtoses such as herpes simplex recidivans, herpes zoster, male genikeratonconjunctivitis herpetica and conjunctivitis lignosa . The results of clinical tests indicate that the preparation of phage double stranded RNA applied topically is harmless for man and has, in the majority of cases, a beneficial effect in the disease . This conclusion was based on the judgment of physicians, opinion of patients expressed in a questionnaire, and, results of a double-blind experiment. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol, 1978, 22(1), 83 - 9 A comparative study of functional activity and cytochemical characteristics of human and rabbit microphages; Venglinskaya EA et al.; Substantial differences were found in the cytochemical indices of human and rabbit microphages . Regular changes in the enzymic activity and the levels of some biopolymers were observed in the microphages in the process of phagocytosis . The extent and (in some cases) tendency of these changes in human and rabbit microphages are not the same . Cytochemical indices provide significant information on the functional activity of the microphage system within one species . At the interspecies level, such information proves to be inadequate for the characteristic of the phagocytic ability of microphages unless humoral non-specific means of protection are taken into account. Zentralbl Bakteriol Naturwiss, 1978, 133(3), 245 - 9 Cyclic-AMP content in Escherichia coli B/b as affected by N1-(delta 2-isopentyl)adenine; Coppola S et al.; N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenine, like other cytokinins, does not detectably modify Escherichia coli growth, but strongly affects cellular levels of cAMP . A substantial delay of the highest level of intracellular cAMP, a reduction to about one half of such maximum level, and a slight increase of cAMP secreted into the medium are reported. Annu Rev Biochem, 1978, 47, 449 - 79 Proteins that affect DNA conformation; Champoux JJ; In eucaryotic cells virtually all of the DNA is complex with proteins to form a unit fiber approximately 100 A in diameter . Chromatin is formed by the higher order coiling of the unit fiber . In procaryotic cells, as exemplified by E . coli, the actual structure of the chromosome is less clear (218), but the discovery of the DNA gyrase raises the possibility that the DNA helix in the cell is maintained in an underwound state . It may be important to consider these structural features of DNA in future biochemical studies on replication, transcription, and recombination . The recent discoveries of the DNA swivelases, the DNA gyrase, and the DNA unwinding enzymes considerably increase our knowledge of DNA biochemistry . As more is learned about these enzymes and their interaction with DNA, the prospects for understanding the details of DNA transcription, DNA recombination, and particularly DNA replication appear to be good. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1978, 72(2), 164 - 6 Electrophoretic isoenzyme patterns of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli; Sargeaunt PG et al.; Cultures of 14 stocks of Entamoeba histolytica and one only of Entamoeba coli were compared by electrophoretic patterns of three enzymes: glucose-phosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase and L-malate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) . Easily distinguished patterns divided E . histolytica into three groups, whilst a distinctly different pattern for E . coli was also seen. Mikrobiologiia, 1978 Jan-Feb, 47(1), 72 - 7 {Fatty acid makeup of Escherichia coli cells with repressed and derepressed phosphohydrolase biosynthesis}; Nesmeianova MA et al.; Fatty acid composition of the cells of Escherchia coli wild strains K-10, and K-12 and the mutants of the regulatory genes for alkaline phosphatase was studied in conditions of repression and derepression of biosynthesis of phosphohydrolases . Derepression of phosphohydrolases was not accompanied with specific changes in fatty acid composition of the cells . An increase in the content of cyclopropanic acid in conditions of phosphorus deficiency and a decrease in the level of unsaturated fatty acids are related to deceleration of growth of the cells in these conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1978 Jan, 75(1), 238 - 42 DNA intermediates at the Escherichia coli replication fork: effect of dUTP; Olivera BM; We have directly tested the hypothesis that elevated levels of dUTP cause the formation of small DNA fragments at the replication fork of Escherichia coli . Addition of increasing levels of dUTP to lysates on cellophane discs results in an increasing number of strand scissions in the newly replicated DNA . Lysates of strains defective in dUTPase produce many more scissions at the same level of dUTP . The size distribution of Okazaki pieces obtained in vivo can be reconstituted in vitro on cellophane discs if appropriate levels of dUTP are present . Although uracil excision leads to the apparent production of Okazaki pieces from both daughter strands, DNA synthesis is actually asymmetric under these conditions . De novo chain initiation events occur on only one strand . It is suggested that asymmetry of synthesis in vivo may be masked by uracil excision and other postreplication processing mechanisms. Genetika, 1978, 14(1), 103 - 10 {Effect of mutations for adenylate cyclase (cya) and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate receptor protein (cgp) on the gene expression of nucleoside catabolism in Escherichia coli}; Mironov AS et al.; The effect of cya and crp mutations on the expression of the activity of nucleoside catabolizing genes has been studied in Escherichia coli . It is found that cya and crp mutants lose their ability to grow on nucleosides as carbon sources in spite of the preservation of the basal levels of nucleoside catabolizing enzymes, found in cell-free extracts of cya and crp mutants . It is shown that cya and crp mutations completely release the influence of the regulatory gene cytR on the activity of uridine phosphorylase (udp gene) and thymidine phosphorylase (tpp gene) . On this ground it is assumed that the cytR gene product acts at the level of promotors of the corresponding structural genes, causing their insensitivity to the positive action of cAMP--CRP complex . The same data concerning the effect of cya and crp mutations on cytR regulation have been reported {8}, but these authors favoured the hypothesis that the cytR gene product is a repressor protein, which binds to the specific operator. J Virol, 1978 Jan, 25(1), 305 - 11 Effect of chemical modification of supercoiled simian virus 40 DNA on the rate of in vitro transcription; Hale P et al.; Superhelical simian virus 40 FI DNA could be modified with the single-strand-specific reagent N-cyclohexyl-N'-beta-(4-methylmorpholinium)ethylcarbodiimide (CMC) . A limited reaction, of less than 2% of the base pairs, resulted in almost total inhibition of in vitro transcription by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli . This effect was shown to be due to DNA modification and not to inhibition of polymerase activity by the reagent . Inhibition of enzyme activity occurred if the contaminating reagent was not absorbed with another protein before polymerase addition . No inhibition was observed when DNA and polymerase were incubated together to allow the formation of pre-initiation complexes before CMC was added . Studies of template saturation with polymerase showed that the inhibition of transcription by DNA modification was due to a loss of binding ability of the enzyme to the reacted, supercoiled DNA when reaction times of less than 2 h were used. J Virol, 1978 Jan, 25(1), 298 - 304 Binding and transcription of simian virus 40 DNA by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli; Hale P et al.; Supercoiled simian virus 40 was transcribed more efficiently than nonsupercoiled DNA . The effect was increased from two- to fivefold by the addition of rifampin with triphosphates . The number and locations of polymerase binding sites with respect to Hin II-III restriction fragments were determined . The total number of binding sites was nine, as determined by UV difference spectroscopy . The locations of these binding sites were on the A, B, D, E, F, and G fragments, as determined by gel electrophoresis . The number of sites was the same for both supercoiled and relaxed or Hin II-III-digested DNA, and the point of saturation of supercoiled DNA by polymerase remained the same with increasing concentrations of rifampin from 0 to 8 microgram/ml. J Virol, 1978 Jan, 25(1), 274 - 84 Endoribonuclease activity associated with animal RNA viruses; Kolakofsky D et al.; A specific endoribonucleolytic activity was detected when detergent-lysed vesicular stomatitis of Sendai virus was incubated with the precursor to Escherichia coli tRNA Tyr . The cleavage products produced and the characteristics of the reaction were similar to those previously reported for human KB cell RNase NU . Like RNase NU, the virus-associated reaction generates 5'-hydroxyl and 3'-phosphate groups at the cleavage sites . At protein concentrations similar to those used to test vesicular stomatitis and Sendai viruses, virions of Sindbis virus and poliovirus also exhibited endoribonucleolytic activity, but reovirus, simian virus 40, and minute virus of mice did not . This endoribonuclease may be of physiological relevance to some of the viruses we tested. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 196 - 202 Mapping of the mecillinam-resistant, round morphological mutants of Escherichia coli; Iwaya M et al.; Genes responsible for round morphology in mecillinam-resistant, round morphological mutants of Escherichia coli have been mapped . Three mutants, called rodX, mapped at around 14 min, and two, called rodY, mapped at around 70 min by P1 transduction . These are either the same or very close to the loci reported, respectively, for the rodA (H . Matsuzawa, K . Hayakawa, T . Sato, and K . Imahori, J . Bacteriol . 115:436-442, 1973) and envB genes (B . Westling-Haggstrom and S . Normark, J . Bacteriol . 123:75-82, 1975) . This suggests that mecillinam can be used very efficiently to select for found morphological mutants of rodA and envB after nitrosoguanidine treatment. Fed Proc, 1978 Jan, 37(1), 9 - 14 From deoxynucleotides to DNA synthesis; Reichard P; The deoxyribonucleotides required for DNA synthesis are provided by reduction of ribonucleotides . Our studies aim at an understanding of the interplay between the processes involved in the production of deoxyribonucleotides and in their consumption . The enzyme system reducing ribonucleotides has been characterized in some detail, and its regulatory aspects were investigated with pure enzymes . Knowledge gained in this way made it possible to interfere specifically with the activity of ribonucleotide reductase in intact cells and to study effects on DNA synthesis . In this connection, the replication of polyoma DNA was used as a model that allowed dissection of DNA synthesis into different steps involved in the initiation and elongation processes. Microbios, 1978, 23(92), 99 - 113 The influences of a lambda prophage on the growth rate of Escherichia coli; Dykhuizen D et al.; A lambda prophage increases the competitive ability of E . coli K12 in a glucose-limited chemostat . This phenomenon does not involve the lambdarex gene . Expression of the lambdarex gene conditionally decreases fitness in two ways: (1) it causes malT- but not malT+ lysogens to be at a selective disadvantage in competition with non-lysogens . (2) During adaptation to slow, glucose-limited chemostat growth from rapid, glucose-excess flask growth, expression of the lambdarex gene transiently decreases the growth rate when compared to the non-lysogen. Drug Chem Toxicol, 1978, 1(2), 103 - 35 Genetic screening of compounds used in drug abuse treatment . I . Naltrexone hydrochloride; Brusick D et al.; Several compounds used clinically in drug abuse therapy were evaluated for genetic activity in a series of in vitro assays . This initial report describes the results for one of these compounds, Naltrexone . Nalrexone is a relatively nontoxic drug antagonist related to Naloxone which appears to be effective in diminishing the euphoria and dependence upon heroin in clinical studies . With the exception of weak nonspecific DNA damage observed in an E . coli DNA repair test and possibly with WI-38 cells as well, Naltrexone did not demonstrate significant potential for the induction of gene mutations or chromosomal aberrations under the conditions of this evaluation. Scand J Immunol, 1978, 8(3), 257 - 62 Polymorphonuclear leucocyte function during pregnancy; Bjorksten B et al.; Polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) function was studied in pregnant women and related to the serum concentration of pregnancy zone protein (PZP) and to mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reactivity . Neutrophil chemotaxis was depressed in pregnant women . Pregnancy serum inhibited the MLC-reaction . The serum levels of PZP were inversely related to chemotactic responsiveness (P less than 0.05) and depression of MLC reactivity (P less than 0.01) . The capacity to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium was depressed in PMNs from pregnant women, and pregnancy serum inhibited phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by control PMNs . Neutrophils from pregnant women showed increased chemiluminescence during phagocytosis of zymosan . The results may be explained by depression of ingestion by pregnancy serum and increased oxidative metabolism in PMNs from pregnant women. J Biochem (Tokyo), 1978 Jan, 83(1), 137 - 40 Identification of an outer membrane protein responsible for the binding of the Fe-enterochelin complex to Escherichia coli cells; Ichihara S et al.; Escherichia coli incorporates iron as a complex with enterochelin . By using mutants which lack one or the other, or both, of the outer membrane proteins, O-2b and O-3, we have shown that protein O-2b (feuB protein) is responsible for the primary binding of the iron-enterochelin complex to the outer membrane in the process of iron transport. Folia Microbiol (Praha), 1978, 23(1), 30 - 6 Metabolic and genetic control of isoenzyme spectrum of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli; Nesmeyanova MA et al.; Three proteins possessing alkaline phosphatase activity were detected in a fraction of periplasmic material of Escherichia coli K-10 and its mutants with constitutive synthesis of alkaline phosphatase . They also showed acid phosphatase, pyrophosphatase and ATPase activities . Through the use of phosphatase-negative mutants it was shown that these proteins were the products of a single structural gene and therefore represented alkaline phosphatase isozymes . The numbers of enzyme isoforms and possibly the spectrum of their phosphohydrolase activities were controlled by exogenous orthophosphate and depended on the integrity of regulator genes for alkaline phosphatase. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 287 - 92 Inhibition, by a protease inhibitor, of the solubilization of the F1-portion of the Mg2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase of Escherichia coli; Cox GB et al.; The effects of two protease inhibitors on the solubilization of the membrane-bound Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase (Mg-ATPase) of Escherichia coli were investigated . p-Aminobenzamidine prevented the solubilization of the Mg-ATPase during treatment of membranes with low-ionic-strength buffers containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid . p-Aminobenzamidine did not prevent subsequent solubilization of the Mg-ATPase by treatment of the membranes with chloroform . This method of solubilization yielded a preparation of similar apparent molecular weight but with a 10-fold-increased specific activity as compared with the Mg-ATPase solubilized by washing with low-ionic-strength buffer . However, in contrast to the latter preparation, the chloroform-solubilized Mg-ATPase did not reconstitute ATP-dependent energization of stripped membranes, which were prepared by low-ionic-strength washing in the absence of p-aminobenzamidine . Another protease inhibitor, epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid, did not effect the solubilization of the Mg-ATPase, but did inhibit the loss of activity occurring during concentration, by ultrafiltration, of the Mg-ATPase solublized by the low-ionic-strength treatment. J Bacteriol, 1978 Jan, 133(1), 108 - 13 Energy transduction in Escherichia coli: physiological and biochemical effects of mutation in the uncB locus; Hasan SM et al.; The transduction of energy through biological membranes was investigated in Escherichia coli strains defective in the ATP synthetase complex . Everted vesicles prepared from strains containing an uncA or uncB mutation were compared with those of the parental strain for their ability to couple energy derived from the oxidation of substrates by the electron transport chain or from the hydrolysis of ATP by the Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase, as measured by the energy-dependent quenching of quinacrine fluorescence or the active transport of 45Ca2+ . Removal of the Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase from membranes derived from the parental or an uncA strain caused a loss of energy-linked functions and a concomitant increase in the permeability of the membrane for protons . Proton impermeability was restored by treatment with N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide . When membranes of the uncB strain were treated in a similar manner, there was no loss of respiratory-driven functions, nor was there a change in proton permeability . These observations suggest that the uncB mutation specifically results in alteration of an intrinsic membrane protein channel necessary for the generation of utilzation of the electrochemical gradient of protons by that complex . Loss of the function of the proton channel is believed to prevent the transduction of energy through the ATP synthetase complex. Z Exp Chir, 1978, 11(5), 317 - 21 A model of experimental endotoxin shock in monkeys and its therapeutic control; Hajek M et al.; The course and therapy of endotoxin shock were studied in 34 monkeys Macaca mulatta . E . coli endotoxin was infused intravenously to conscious animals . The individual responses to a dose of 3 mg . kg-1 exhibited a considerable variability . A part of shocked animals were successfully rescued by a combined infusion of dopamine, hydrocortisone, and dextran; untreated animals died of endotoxin shock . Morphological changes in their parenchymatous organs were little marked in the acute experiment. Zentralbl Bakteriol Naturwiss, 1978, 133(4), 320 - 40 Mechanism of action of bilharcid and tartar-emetic; Khafagy EZ et al.; An investigation on the mechanism of action of bilharcid and tartar-emetic produced the following results . Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by cell of E . coli B from either the maximum stationary phase or the exponential phase are inhibited by 3.62 mM of bilharcid or 16.81 mM of tartar-emetic immediately upon addition of the inhibitor . These drugs cause a downshift of the Tm of native DNA . They displace MG from the DNA-MG complex . They increase the specific viscosity of DNA solution . Also the synthesis of constitutive enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) was stopped, as was the induction of the synthesis of new enzyme (beta-galactosidase) . Bilharcid and tartar-emetic act primarily on cell membrane and cause the release of 260 mM absorbing substances from E . coli B . Moreover, they lyse not only protoplasts of B . subtilis, but also spheroplasts of E . coli B. Z Allg Mikrobiol, 1978, 18(6), 399 - 407 Evidence for repair of ultraviolet-induced damage in Cystobacter species (Myxobacterales); Grimm K; Cystobacter species strain CK 1 does not grow with more than 0.2 microgram/ml acriflavine . Spontaneous two-step mutants growing with 2 microgram acriflavine per ml have been selected . One mutant (strain CK3) was used to investigate the effect of repair inhibitors . Both strains exhibit pronounced shoulders in their UV dose curves of inactivation . Acriflavine (AF), coumarin (CU), and caffeine (CA) when incorporated in the post-irradiation plating medium decreased survival of irradiated cells . Post-treatment with 2 microgram acriflavine/ml abolished the shoulder of the curve . Caffeine (1600 microgram/ml) and coumarin (350 microgram/ml) reduced it only to about 40% . It is concluded that probably two repair mechanisms are present . Pre-treatment of the cells with 2 microgram acriflavine/ml for two hours before UV-irradiation resulted in a constant dose enhancement factor of 1.9 . The protective effect is increased with the time of treatment with acriflavine . This may indicate that pyrimidine dimers are responsible for UV-inactivation. Toxicol Eur Res, 1978, 1(5), 283 - 8 {Action of a dithiocarbamate (zinebe) on the liver biosynthesis of RNA and proteins in the rat (author's transl)}; Moule Y; Zineb (zinc ethylene bisdithiocarbamate) inhibits the transcriptional activity of an in vitro system functioning with either RNA polymerases of isolated rat liver nuclei or purified E . coli RNA polymerase . Zineb also inhibits the in vitro aminoacid incorporation mediated by a polysomal standard system, by interacting with some pH 5 enzyme components(s) . When rats fed a balanced semi-synthetic diet containing zineb (5 200 mg/kg) for ten weeks, one may observe a decrease in the RNA and protein syntheses in liver . The consequences of the ingestion of small but repeated doses of zineb are discussed. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz), 1978, 26(1-6), 675 - 9 The effect of some unspecific stimuli on defence mechanisms in weaned pigs; Wlodarczak C; The studies were performed to find out whether a prophylactic use of unspecific stimuli affects appreciably the selected biologic indices in weaned pigs . The variables used in the experiment were found to exert a favourable effect on the state of health and growth of pigs but they had no essential influence on the level of immunoglobulins and increase in the titre of antibodies against E . coli (0141, 0149), isolated from pigs kept in the same pigsty. Ann Rech Vet, 1978, 9(3), 427 - 32 Detecting enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli of porcine origin . 2 . Relationship between O and K antigens and the production of enterotoxin in strains isolated from the piglet after weaning; Renault L et al.; The production of enterotoxin by biological tests (Yl adrenal cells and the suckling mouse) has been examined in 96 strains of Escherichia coli, isolated from sick piglets after weaning . There is a good correlation between the presence of the capsular antigen K88 and that of the thermolabile fraction (LT) of the enterotoxin (69.2 per cent of the enteropathogenic strains studied) . However, the presence of the thermostable fraction (ST) of the enterotoxin of strains which, according to their serological grouping, possess in theory the two fractions LT + ST or only the ST fraction is only confirmed in a small number of strains (16 per cent) by the biological test. Acta Microbiol Pol, 1978, 27(4), 321 - 9 Replication of plasmid R6K in DNA polymerase deficient mutants of Escherichia coli; Wlodarczyk M et al.; The plasmid R6K has been introduced into a number of Escherichia coli polymerase deficient (pol) mutants . In polCts mutants transferred to the nonpermissive temperature to inactivate polymerase III, R6K replicates but the replication products have a density in dye-CsCl gradients intermediate between supercoiled and linear forms . This aberrant replication requires normal cellular levels of polymerase I since it does not occur in polA polCts mutants . Normal R6K replication and maintenance occur in a polA polB polC+ host, however, we cannot tell from our experiments wheather polymerase I or III replicates R6K in polA+ polC+ host . Polymerase II, the polB gene product, has no detectable role in R6K replication. Z Allg Mikrobiol, 1978, 18(8), 567 - 73 Photochemistry and photobiology of 5-azacytidine: effect of repair on photostabilization of Escherichia coli; Hradecna Z et al.; The photochemical stability of the anomalous nucleic acid base 5-azacytidine (z5Cyd) on irradiation at 254 nm is by about one order of magnitude less than that of cytidine (Cyd) . Contrary to the photochemical behaviour, incorporation of z5Cyd into the nucleic acids of E . coli strains SR 20 (uvr+ rec+), SR 74 (uvr+ rec-) and SR 22 (uvr- rec+) produced a higher resistance to UV light . Only the SR 73 (uvr- rec-) strain was shown to have an increased UV sensitivity . This latter finding is in accord with the photochemical properties of z5Cyd . The results led to the conclusion that excision and recombination repair processes contribute to the observable protective effect . The fact that inhibition of excission repair by caffeine or proflavine of the mutant uvr+ rec- changes protection into sensitization supports this idea. Infection, 1978, 6(6), 248 - 51 Granulocytic function after administration of pepsin treated human gammaglobulin; Lindquist L et al.; Pepsin-treated human gammaglobulin, 150 mg/kg body weight, was administered intravenously to 14 healthy volunteers . Before and after the infusion the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reduction of granulocytes was studied in all and the bactericidial capacity in 12 subjects . An increase of NBT reduction (p less than 0.05) and of bacterial capacity (p less than 0.01) of granulocytes was found after the infusion . The effects may be due to an opsonising action of F (ab')2 components. Nucleic Acids Res, 1978 Jan, 5(1), 285 - 95 Enzymatic synthesis of DNA complementary to mitochondrial mRNA via reverse transcription; Frolova L et al.; The poly(A)-containing mitochondrial mRNAs of rat liver were tested for their ability to serve as templates for the DNA synthesis by means of reverse transcription in the presence of the oligo(dT) primer and the RNA-directed DNA-polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus . The mT-mRNA does not support the DNA synthesis in the standard conditions sufficient for effective reverse transcription of rabbit globin mRNA and of poly(A) in the presence of oligo(dT) primers . After a mild alkaline treatment of the mRNA and subsequent polyadenylation of the 3'-termini of the generated fragments with ATP:RNA adenyltransferase from E.coli the poly(A) (+) polyribonucleotides are able to serve as templates for reverse transcription in the presence of oligo(dT) and the reverse transcriptase . A conclusion is made that a "structural stop" exists in mitochondrial mRNA non-translable regions adjacent to the poly(A) terminal sequence . The "structural stop" is suggested to be caused by post-transcriptional modification of mRNA (methylation, etc.) or by a particularly stable secondary structure in this region of the mRNA molecules. Eur Surg Res, 1978, 10(1), 63 - 72 Changes in plasminogen levels, plasmin activity and activity of antiplasmins during endotoxin shock in dogs; Aasen AO et al.; Antiplasmin activity was studied during various stages of lethal canine endotoxin shock by means of assays utilizing a new chromogenic tripeptide derivative (S-2251 AB Kabi Peptide Research Division, Molndal, Sweden) . By applying a preincubation time of 30 sec and 5 min, respectively, 'immediate' and 'time-dependent' antiplasmin activities were determined . During shock gradually decreasing values of 'immediate' antiplasmin activity was observed . 'Time-dependent' antiplasmin activity also revealed a decreasing pattern, these changes, however, were less pronounced when compared with 'immediate' antiplasmin activity . The changes of plasma antiplasmin activities observed were accompanied by decreasing values of plasminogen and evidence of plasmin activity . alpha-Antitrypsin and alpha2-Macroglobulin quantitated with electroimmunoassay technique also revealed decreasing patterns during shock. Membr Biochem, 1978, 2(1), 63 - 79 Cation-sugar cotransport in the melibiose transport system of Escherichia coli; Tsuchiya T et al.; The entry of Na+ or H+ into cells of Escherichia coli via the melibiose transport system was stimulated by the addition of certain galactosides . The principal cell used in these studies (W3133) was a lactose transport negative strain of E . coli possessing an inducible melibiose transport system . Such cells were grown in the presence of melibiose, washed, and incubated in the presence of 25 microM Na+ . The addition of thiomethylgalactoside (TMG) resulted in a fall in Na+ concentration in the incubation medium . No TMG-stimulated Na+ movement was observed in uninduced cells . In an alpha-galactosidase negative derivative of W3133 (RA11) a sugar-stimulated Na+ uptake was observed in melibiose-induced cells on the addition of melibiose, thiodigalactoside, methyl-alpha-galactoside, methyl-beta-galactoside, and galactose, but not lactose . It was inferred from these studies that the substrates of the melibiose system enter the cell on the melibiose carrier associated with the simultaneous entry of Na+ when this cation is present in the incubation medium . Extracellular pH was measured in unbuffered suspensions of induced cells in order to study proton movement across the membrane of cells exposed to different galactosides . In the absence of external Na+ or Li+ the addition of melibiose or methyl-alpha-galactoside resulted in marked alkalinization of the external medium (consistent with H+-sugar cotransport) . On the other hand TMG, thiodigalactoside, and methyl-beta-galactoside gave no proton movement under these conditions . When Na+ was present, the addition of TMG or melibiose resulted in acidification of the medium . This observation is consistent with the view that the entry of Na+ with TMG or melibiose carries into the cell a positive charge (Na+) which provides the driving force for the diffusion of protons out of the cell . It is concluded that the melibiose carrier recognition of cations differs with different substrates. Membr Biochem, 1978, 2(1), 1 - 16 Proposed knobs-into-holes packing for several membrane proteins; Dunker AK et al.; We investigated the possible side chain/side chain interactions of four potential transmembrane proteins . The basic assumptions are that the proteins are alpha-helical, and that the proteins aggregate with knobs-into-holes packing . It was found that these four proteins can be assembled into stereochemically feasible bundles of alpha-helices with hydrophobic exteriors and with hydrogen bonds between the side chains of one alpha-helix and the side chains of its knobs-into-holes packed neighbors. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil, 1978, 172(5), 868 - 73 {Guanyl cyclase in Escherichia coli . II . Identification and characteristics on the enzyme inhibitor}; Macchia V et al.; The activity of guanylate cyclase and that of its inhibitor present in E . coli extract, have been separated through a linear KCl gradient on DEAE-cellulose column . The activity of the inhibitor is lost after ribonuclease treatment, whereas is strengthened by addition of poly (C) . Other types of RNA synthetic homopolymers do not affect the inhibitor's activity . Chromatographic analysis of the products of guanylate cyclase measured in the presence of FI and FI plus poly (C), indicated that the inhibitor has a poly (C) dependent GTPase activity. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil, 1978, 172(5), 860 - 7 {Guanylate cyclase in Escherichia coli . I . Purification of the enzyme and evidence for an inhibitor}; Macchia V et al.; Guanylate cyclase activity is present in crude E . coli extract . Guanylate cyclase has been purified 3500 fold from this extract, through ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography . Sephadex G-75 gel-filtration and polyacrylamide gel preparative microelectrophoresis . During the purification a guanylate cyclase inhibitor has been separated. Folia Microbiol (Praha), 1978, 23(5), 341 - 8 D-Amino acids of the amino acid pool and occurrence of racemase and D-amino acid oxidase activities in Escherichia coli B; Raunio RP et al.; Less than 20% of the amino acid content of the amino acid pool of Escherichia coli B exists in the D-form . Alanine, glutamic acid, and valine were shown by gas- chromatography to be partially in the D-form . Only D-alanine was formed by racemization in the crude extract of this organism . Alanine racemase was easily released from the membranes or vesicles but D-alanine oxidase activity remained firmly bound to the membrane . Most protein amino acids stimulated proline uptake into the vesicles, and the oxidative deamination activities were verified by the proline uptake stimulating amino acids . It is concluded that the obligatory pathway of L-amino acid--D-amino acid--oxo acid which exists in the oxidation of L-alanine does not exist with other L-amino acids . It is likely that other D-amino acids in the pool are formed in the presence of D-amino acid oxidase or D-amino acid aminotransferase. Arch Exp Veterinarmed, 1978, 32(2), 251 - 72 {Studies on diarrhea of young calves . 1 . Quantitative analysis of the gastrointestinal flora in clinically healthy calves and in calves with diarrhea}; Schulze F et al.; Quantitative composition of gastro-intestinal-flora was determined in 23 clinically healthy calves and the course of germ spreading was followed up . In comparison with these healthy animals in 25 diarrhoea affected calves at the age of 4 to 17 days there could be observed signigicant differences only in few parts of the gastro-intestinal-tract concerning the quantitative composition of germ flora . Only in 3 animals enterotoxin producing E coli strains could be detected. Nucleic Acids Res, 1978 Jan, 5(1), 297 - 303 Affinity adsorbents consisting of nucleic acids immobilized via bisoxirane activated polysaccharides; Potuzak H et al.; An easy and efficient procedure for the immobilization of polynucleotide ligands to bisoxirane activated insoluble polysaccharides has been elaborated and is described in this paper . The resulting materials have been applied to the chromatography of DNA polymerase I, and RNA polymerase from E.coli . Because of their