Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 1977 Dec 2, 102(48), 1754 - 8 {New aspects in the treatment of puerperal mastitis (author's transl)}; Peters F et al.; 36 women with postpartal breast engorgement were treated with a single oral dose of 2.5 mg bromocriptine (Pravidel) . Significant relief was recorded in 28 patients, 6 patients required a second dose of 2.5 mg bromocriptine, whereas 2 patients failed to respond . Antibiotics were at first avoided in the treatment of puerperal mastitis . 26 patients with all characteristics of breast inflammation were treated exclusively with bromocriptine: for 3 days 2.5 mg t.i.d., for the following 11 days 2.5 mg twice daily . The temperature dropped below 37C in 25 patients within 12-24 hours, tension and pain disappearing simultaneously . One patient did not respond after 36 hours, so that an antibiotic was administered additionally; in another patient who had been admitted to the hospital six days after the onset of the clinical symptoms of breast inflammation, bromocriptine failed to prevent abscess formation . The results indicate that in most cases of puerperal breast inflammation no antibiotics are required . Puerperal mastitis can be treated effectively by the exclusive administration of bromocriptine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1977 Dec 2, 12(4), 273 - 9 Effect of lidocaine on the absorption, disposition and tolerance of intramuscularly administered cefoxitin; Sonneville PF et al.; The use of lidocaine HCL solution at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% to reconstitute sodium cefoxitin relieves the pain associated with intramuscular injections of the antibiotic . Cefoxitin absorption by the intramuscular route is initially rapid and is virtually complete . Peak serum concentrations, corresponding to about one-half those of a comparable intravenous infusion, are achieved in 30 min . Continuing absorption tends to maintain higher serum concentrations for longer times . Renal clearance and serum half-life of cefoxitin do not appear to be affected by lidocaine at its effective anaesthetic concentrations. J Pediatr, 1977 Dec, 91(6), 991 - 5 Intraventricular chemotherapy in neonatal meningitis; Lee EL et al.; All of 16 infants with neonatal meningitis treated during a 30-month period were found to have accompanying ventriculitis at the time of the initial ventricular puncture . Fifteen of these infants were caused by gramm-negative organisms . All infants received antibiotics systemically and intraventricularly via an implanted ventriculostomy reservoir or by direct ventricular injection . Antibiotic concentrations within the ventricular fluid were monitored during chemotherapy; the complications encountered during treatment are discussed . Fifteen infants survived the infection; of these, seven infants were normal at follow-up examinations . In our experience intraventricular chemotherapy as an adjunct to systemic administration of antibiotics has greatly reduced the mortality rate in neonatal meningitis. J Infect Dis, 1977 Dec, 136(6), 801 - 4 Effect of hemoperfusion of clearance of gentamicin, cephalothin, and clindamycon from plasma of normal dogs; Rosenbaum JL et al.; Nine normal dogs were divided into three groups of three . Group 1 was given an overdose of gentamicin; group 2, cephalothin; and group 3, clindamycin . Group 1 had hemoperfusion with Amberlite XE-336, and groups 2 and 3 with Amberlite XAD-4 resin adsorbents, for 6 hr with a blood flow rate of 300 ml/min . The plasma clearance and removal rates of antibiotics by the hemoperfusion columns were high . The clearance rate of gentamicin from plasma (mean +/- standard deviation) ranged from 59 +/- 30 to 199 +/- 6 ml/min, of cephalothin from 66 +/- 14 to 157 +/- 8 ml/min, and of clindamycin from 55 +/- 9 to 125 +/- 16 ml/min . Of the total dose of antibiotic administered, the hemoperfusion columns removed 67% from theplasma in group 1, 41% in group 2, and 18% in group 3 . The fact that antibiotics may be rapidly removed from the blood during hemoperfusion should be considered in calculation of the therapeutic dose of antibiotic required for patients who receive this preocedure . Also, hemoperfusion can effectively and rapidly remove certain antibiotics from the blood of patients who have had a potentially toxic overdose. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek, 1977 Dec, 119(12), 53 - 6 {Use of oxyglucocycline in surgical practice}; Riazhkin GA et al.; A new antibiotic -- oxyglycocycline was applied in 107 cases of different surgical diseases . In 52 patients the antibiotic concentration in the blood and tissues was studied, and it was shown that the therapeutic concentration of the drug remains in the blood and tissues for 12 hours . Good tolerance to the drug was proved . There were no unfavourable effects upon the organism related to the use of the antibiotic . Oxyglycocycline is recommended for broad use in surgical practice being a good therapeutic and prophylactic preparation in case of surgical infection. Am J Med, 1977 Dec, 63(6), 933 - 8 Activation of protein mediators of inflammation and evidence for endotoxemia in Borrelia recurrentis infection; Galloway RE et al.; Fifteen patients with Borrelia recurrentis infection were studied to evaluate the role of certain plasma proteins and endotoxin in the pathophysiology of both the acute illness and the Jarisch-Herxheimer-like reaction . The causative spirochetes disappeared from the blood during the Jarisch-Herxheimer-like reaction, which occurred about 2 hours after antibiotic therapy . The mean titers of Hageman factor, plasma prekallikrein and serum hemolytic complement activity were decreased at the time of admission and 2 hours after treatment, and rose to normal values during convalescence . Serum properdin titers were decreased in 14 patients at the time of admission, in 12 patients 2 hours after treatment, and in none during convalescence . The frequency of elevated levels of fibrinogen-related antigens increased from three patients at the time of admission to 12 patients 2 hours after treatment . Results of plasma limulus tests for endotoxin-like material were positive in 11 patients at the time of admission and in 13 patients 2 hours after treatment . These findings demonstrated that Hageman factor, prekallikrein and proteins of the complement system are activated in B . recurrentis infection and that endotoxin may play a role in both the acute illness and in the development of the Jarisch-Herxheimer-like reaction after treatment. J Clin Pathol, 1977 Dec, 30(12), 1147 - 8 Severe coagulation defect due to a dietary deficiency of vitamin K; Colvin BT et al.; A patient with multiple injuries developed a severe coagulation defect due to a deficiency of vitamin K . None of the usual predisposing factors was present and the patient's diet was very poor . Dietary deficiency of vitamin K and the importance of antibiotic therapy in its production are discussed. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1977 Dec, 30(12), 1073 - 9 Chemical studies on tuberactinomycin . XV . Total synthesis of tuberactinomycin O; Teshima T et al.; Tuberactinomycin O, one of the four congeners of the antituberculous peptide tuberactinomycin, was totally synthesized . The beta-ureidodehydroalanine moiety was constructed from beta,beta-diethoxyalanine with excess urea in acidic medium after a cyclization reaction of a pentapeptide was finished . Cyclization was carried out by means of the 1-succinimidyl ester method . To the cyclic pentapeptide, beta-lysine was introduced as the branched moiety and then deprotected to afford tuberactinomycin O which was completely identified with the natural form of the antibiotic. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1977 Dec, 30(12), 1064 - 72 Fortimicin A production by Micromonospora olivoasterospora in a chemically defined medium; Yamamoto M et al.; A chemically defined medium was devised in order to study the requirements for fortimicin A production by Micromonospora olivoasterospora KY 11515 . Soluble starch was the best carbon source; NH4Cl and NH4NO3 were suitable nitrogen sources both for the growth and fortimicin production . Amino acids such as L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid showed some stimulatory effects on both growth and antibiotic production of M . olivoasterospora while L-serine stimulated only antibiotic production and L-citrulline only the growth . K2HPO4, MgSO4.7H2O and CaCO3 were essential especially for the antibiotic production . The most important finding was that vitamin B12, cobalt and nickel showed marked stimulatory effects on fortimicin A production. Biokhimiia, 1977 Dec, 42(12), 2149 - 59 {Polysomal apparatus as a reflection of function interactions between translation and transcription processes during protein synthesis inhibited by cycloheximide}; Todorov IN et al.; Distribution of optical density and radioactivity in sucrose density gradient was studied for 14C-RNA and 3H-protein polysomal components isolated from normal rat liver 1, 3, 6 12 and 24 hrs after cycloheximide (CHI) treatment (sublethal dose--0,3 mg/100 g body weight) . Soon after the antibiotic injection (1--3 hrs), when protein biosynthesis was strongly inhibited (more than 90%), the total quantity of "heavy" polyribosomes and 14C-mRNA associated with this fraction significantly increased . At the same time the amount of free ribosomes showed a decrease . On the contrary, after 6 hrs the amount of polysomes sharply decreased and that of ribosomes and their subunits was increased . In the middle period and at the end of experiment (12--24 hrs) when protein biosynthesis was continuously restored, the polysomes sedimentation pattern was restored as well . Specific radioactivity of 14-C-rRNA's and 3H-proteins in this fraction was also increased . The restoration of optimal protein biosynthesis level after its inhibition by a single cycloheximide injection (sublethal doses) is thought to be a complex process of consecutive interactions between translation and transcription cell systems. Antibiotiki, 1977 Dec, 22(12), 1095 - 100 Auxotrophic mutants in the selection of the rubomycin producer, Actinomyces coeruleorubidus}; Saburova TP et al.; A total of 351 auxotrophic mutants with different antibiotic activity, including several mutants with activity higher than that of the parent prototrophic strains were obtained under the effect of gamma-rays from 3 prototrophic strains of Act . coeruleorubidus . It was shown that most of the auxotrophic mutants did not preserve the property of biochemical insufficiency on passages on complete media . A mutant strain 1059-32 with activity 2 times higher than that of the prototrophic strain 2-39 and the parent auxotrophic culture was obtained from the revertants . Requirements in 29 growth factors including 17 amino acids, 4 nitrous bases, 8 vitamins and coenzymes were determined in 46 stable auxotrophic mutants isolated . The effect of the specific and non-specific growth factors on the culture antibiotic production was studied. Antibiotiki, 1977 Dec, 22(12), 1085 - 8 {Synthesis and properties of carminomycinone derivatives}; Olsuf'eva EN et al.; The possibility of chemical modification of carminomycinone-aglycone (II) of carminomicin, a side product in the antibiotic production was studied . The methyl group C-14 was functionilized by introducing the bromine atom and performing a number of exchange reactions with the bromine atom . It was found that under definite conditions (1 . 1 equiv . Br2in dioxane, 20 degrees, 24 hours) carminomycinone (II) was subjected to selective bromination into the side acetyl group with formation of 14-bromcarminomycinone (III) . On interaction with anhydrous potassium acetate 14-bromcarminomycinone (III) yield 14-acetoxycarminomycinone (IV) . In its turn the latter compound (IV) easily hydrolized to 14-oxycarminomycinone (V) in treatment with aqueous alkali or acid . 14-oxycarminomycinone (V) was also prepared with a high yield (80 per cent) by direct alkaline hydrolysis of 14-bromcarminomycinone (III) in treatment with 0.1N solution of sodium carbonate in a mixture of dioxane and water . The structure of 14-substituted derivatives of carminomycinone was proved by analytical and spectral data and confirmed by their transformation . Thus, according to the data of mass-spectrometry 14-oxycarminomycinone (V) had a molecular weight of 400 c . u . In treatment with an excess of acetic anhydride in pyridine it formed a hexa-acetyl derivative, i.e . 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14-hexa-acetyl-14-oxycarminomycinone (VI) . The aglycones (III-V) prepared by us may serve a starting material in chemical synthesis, as well as biosynthesis of semi-synthetic preparations of the carminomycin series. Am J Ophthalmol, 1977 Dec, 84(6), 815 - 7 Endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy; Blankenship GW; In three cases of bacterial endophthalmitis following pars plana vitrectomy the important diagnostic findings included increased orbital pain, decreased visual acuity, and the presence of a hypopyon . Despite agressive antibiotic therapy, all three eyes became blind, and two progressed rapidly to phthisis. Surg Neurol, 1977 Dec, 8(6), 461 - 7 Spinal cord abscess: a review; Menezes AH et al.; The literature on abscesses in the spinal cord has been reviewed . A total of 54 cases was reported . A digest is made of information on the subject including the diagnosis, pathology, treatment and the results to be expected . The best results have been achieved by operation plus antibiotic therapy . It is essential that the abscess be drained after aspiration . A case of ours showing the salient features and management of a subacute cervical spinal cord abscess is also reported. J Pediatr Surg, 1977 Dec, 12(6), 837 - 45 Peripheral total parenteral nutrition employing a lipid emulsion (Intralipid): complications encountered in pediatric patients; Cohen IT et al.; The clinical records of 180 pediatric patients who received Intralipid via peripheral veins at a single institution (1964-1977) were retrospectively analyzed, with particular reference to the complications of this form of therapy . Intralipid was used in a dose range of 2--4 g/kg/day in order to supply 40% of the daily calorie requirements . The patients were neonates, infants, children, and adolescents with a wide range of clinical diagnoses . Local complications associated with Intralipid therapy were minimal . Transient elevations in serum enzyme levels (SGOT, SGPT, and LDH) were observed in 4% of patients, but all of these returned to the normal range after cessation of therapy . Ten patients had histologic evidence of cholestasis, the significance of which is discussed . The lipid emulsion was employed in patients with preexisting hyperbilirubinemia with concomitant resolution of jaundice . Intralipid was administered to patients with known severe thrombocytopenia (secondary to sepsis or myelosuppression) with return of the platelet counts to normal levels during the course of infusion therapy . The use of Intralipid in patients with established sepsis did not delay its response to conventional surgical or antibiotic therapy . There were no instances of the "overloading" syndrome observed. Infect Immun, 1977 Dec, 18(3), 840 - 6 In vitro guinea pig leukocyte reactions to Rickettsia rickettsii; Kenyon RH et al.; The presence of cell-mediated immunity in Rocky Mountain spotted fever-infected guinea pigs was determined by two in vitro assays: whole blood lymphocyte transformation (LT) and macrophage migration inhibition . Increased LT was detected as early as 1 week in guinea pigs infected with Rickettsia rickettsii and treated with oxytetracycline and was detected by two weeks in infected but untreated guinea pigs . Elevated LT was still detectable at 10 weeks postinfection . Guinea pigs vaccinated with killed rickettsiae failed to develop lymphocyte responsiveness; however, there was a rapid lymphocyte response after challenge with live organisms, suggesting potentiation by the vaccine . Vaccinated guinea pigs that were challenged and then treated with antibiotic failed to develop LT, suggesting that infection is necessary for the observed response . Macrophage migration inhibition was detected in both infected and vaccinated guinea pigs by 1 week after infection, but this response was no longer detected 4 to 5 weeks later . Antibody appeared at 2 to 3 weeks postinfection and was present at low levels through week 10 . Antibody-treated rickettsiae were phagocytized and destroyed by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, whereas normal serum-treated rickettsiae replicated and eventually destroyed the phagocytes. Pathol Biol (Paris), 1977 Dec, 25(10), 699 - 703 {Cerebrospinal fluid distribution of metampicillin (author's transl)}; Dureux JB et al.; In order to avoid other antibiotics which interfere with plasma and CSF level determination of a given antibiotic the authors use a chemical method of established specificity . 15 patients presenting with purulent meningitis were given a standard daily dose of metampicillin and divided into 3 groups of 5 . On days 2, 4 and 6 after onset of disease plasma and CSF specimens were taken at respectively 1, 2 or 4 hours following metampicillin I.V . injection according to patient group . All patients were cured between days 7 and 21 of therapy . Tolerance was good . Results:--there was no correlation between dose injected and plasma level of drug,--CSF distribution of metampicillin was good and stayed identical throughout the disease period,--peak CSF drug level was delayed as compared to plasma level, occurring more than 4 hours after I.V . injection of metampicillin. J Periodontol, 1977 Dec, 48(12), 790 - 1 Subcutaneous emphysema during periodontal surgery: report of a case; Snyder MB et al.; Subcutaneous emphysema (S.E.) of the facial region is an uncommon complication of dental procedures . A case is presented which details the development of S.E . following use of an air-water syringe during periodontal surgery . Differential diagnosis of the condition depends upon accurate historical data and the finding of crepitus on palpation of the involved tissues . Treatment is supportive in nature, although prophylactic antibiotic coverage is suggested . The etiology of S.E . is discussed and judicious use of compressed air or gas-producing medicaments during dental treatment is stressed. Cancer Res, 1977 Dec, 37(12), 4423 - 9 Inhibition of surface immunoglobulin centeral capping of Daudi cells and cell spreading of HeLa-S3 cells by neocarzinostatin; Ebina T et al.; The effects of an antitumor antibiotic, neocarzinostatin (NCS), on the surface immunoglobulin central capping induced by anti-immunoglobulin M antibody on Daudi cells and on the cell spreading of trypsinized HeLa-S3 cells were examined . Pretreatment of Daudi cells and HeLa-S3 cells with NCS, 5 to 30 micrograms/ml, for 4 hr inhibited cap formation and cell spreading, respectively . It was shown that there is a direct relationship between the dose and the degree of inhibition . Inhibitors of DNA synthesis such as bleomycin, mitomycin C, and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine showed no inhibitory effect on cap formation or cell spreading . However, known microtubule-acting agents such as colchicine and vinblastine sulfate completely inhibited both capping and cell spreading at a dose of 10 micrograms/ml . In view of the fact that 10 micorograms NCS per ml also inhibit the formation of microtubular paracrystals induced by vinblastine sulfate in HeLa-S3 cells and that other agents known to influence microtubule function such as local anesthetics and calcium ionophores also inhibit both paracrystal formation and cap formation, these new observations add further support to our hypothesis that NCS affects microtubular proteins transmembranously in vivo. Cancer, 1977 Dec, 40(6), 2787 - 91 Bleomycin-sensitivity test: application for human squamous cell carcinoma; Muller WE et al.; Bleomycin (BLM)-inactivating enzyme activity, which is probably a parameter for the efficacy of this antibiotic in cancer therapy, was determined in biopsies from human carcinomas in the head and neck region . Twenty-three cases were studied . It was found that highly differentiated as well as moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas had low extractable activities of this enzyme, comparably to those found in normal skin tissue . Slightly differentiated as well as undifferentiated carcinomas (only one case) had increased enzyme activity . Parallel experiments estimating the total extractable thiol content in the biopsies gave no obvious correlation . The results are discussed in the light of the reported BLM efficacy in the treatment of differently differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. Mycopathologia, 1977 Nov 30, 62(1), 53 - 6 Swelling of Penicillium digitatum conidia by a Fusarium acuminatum NRRL 6227 metabolite; Burmeister HR et al.; Fusarium acuminatum NRRL 6227 produces an antifungal metabolite that causes incubating conidia of several Penicillium species to swell 5-10 diameters while inhibiting germination . The swollen conidia are spherical, translucent, nonviable and easily shattered with a slight physical pressure; however, they remain resistant to osmotic shock . This antibiotic has been identified as a cyclic peptide composed of alanine, glutamic acid, leucine, threonine and tyrosine. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol, 1977 Nov 25, 204(3), 201 - 7 Penetration of ocular compartments by tetracyclines . II . An experimental study with doxycycline; Salminen L; Using radioactive tracer method the distribution of intravenously injected doxycycline of 7 mg/kg was studied in the rabbit eye . Long-lasting antibiotic concentration of 1 microgram/g or more was measured from all vascularized ocular structures . Vitreous body doxycycline concentration, almost equal to that of aqueous humor, was 0.3 microgram/g . Doxycycline concentration in the cornea exceeded that in the aqueous humor . In all vascularized ocular structures plasma antibiotic concentration was at least once achieved, indicating good penetrability of doxycycline into the tissues . This good penetrability is obviously related to the high lipoidsolubility of doxycycline, whereas its high protein binding is reflected in low concentrations in the aqueous humor. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol, 1977 Nov 25, 204(3), 189 - 99 Penetration of ocular compartments by tetracyclines . I . An experimental study with tetracycline; Salminen L; Total antibiotic concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride was determined in the ocular structures of rabbits by radioactive tracer method . Concentration of tetracycline of 0.1 to 5 microgram/g, adequate to inhibit the growth of bacteria of high or medium susceptibility, was measured from all ocular structures with the exception of the lens . Tetracycline concentration in the aqueous humor was inferior to that in the vascularized ocular tissues and to that in the cornea . Vitreous body tetracycline level, about 0.3 microgram/g, was about half of the concentration in the aqueous humor . The disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier following paracentesis led to an immediate increase of tetracycline concentration in the anterior structures of the eye. Chromosoma, 1977 Nov 14, 64(2), 117 - 24 R-banding produced by DNase I digestion of chromomycin-stained chromosomes; Schweizer D; A distinct reverse (R-) banding pattern was produced on human chromosomes by digesting chromosome spreads with pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) in the presence of an excess of chromomycin A3 (CMA), followed by staining with Giemsa . The banding pattern corresponds with that obtained by chromomycin A3 fluorescence, and bands which fluorescence brightly with chromomycin appear darkly with Giemsa . The same relationship was observed in two plants, Scilla siberica and Ornithogalum caudatum, which have contrasting types of heterochromatin . Chromomycin bright C-bands stained darkly with the CMA/DNase I technique, whereas chromomycin negative C-bands appeared lightly stained . The digestion patterns are thought to reflect the variation in chromomycin binding capacity along the chromosome with R-bands and dark C-bands being sites which preferentially bind the antibiotic. J Biol Chem, 1977 Nov 10, 252(21), 7431 - 3 Tunicamycin inhibits GlcNAc-lipid formation in plants; Ericson MC et al.; Previous studies from this laboratory (Forsee, W . T., and Elbein, A . D . (1975) J . Biol . Chem . 250, 9283-9293; Forsee, W . T., Valkovich, G., and Elbein, A . D . (1976) Arch Biochem . Biophys . 174, 469-479) have shown that particulate extracts from cotton fibers and mung been seedlings catalyze the transfer of mannose from GDP-{14C}mannose and GlcNAc from UDP-{3H}GlcNAc into lipid-linked saccharides, Concentrations of tunicamycin of 5 microgram/ml or higher inhibit the incorporation of GlcNAc into GlcNAc-pyrophosphoryl-polyprenol but this antibiotic, even at 500 microgram/ml, had no effect on the synthesis of mannosyl-phosphoryldolichol . Tunicamycin also caused a slight inhibition in the incorporation of mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharides . The concentration of tunicamycin necessary for inhibition was dependent on the amount of particulate enzyme in the incubations. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1977 Nov 7, 500(1), 187 - 96 Inhibitory effects of tunicamycin on procollagen biosynthesis and secretion; Tanzer ML et al.; Chick embryo cells were briefly exposed to the antibiotic, tunicamycin . Pre-exposed cells, compared to control cultures, showed a severe, progressive inhibition of the incorporation of glucosamine and mannose into total cellular macromolecules . Inhibition of the incorporation of glycine, leucine and proline was also progressive but not as marked as for the carbohydrates . Cellular secretion of all macromolecules was severely impaired . while comparison of the procollagens showed no difference in their subunit size or in their degree of glycosylation; the intracellular content of procollagen polypeptides was similar for both types of cells . In vitro studies showed that tunicamycin selectively inhibited glucosamine, but not mannose, incorporation into macromolecules . The composite results indicate that tunicamycin effectively inhibits protein synthesis, protein glycosylation and protein secretion in chick embryo cells. Langenbecks Arch Chir, 1977 Nov 4, 344(2), 93 - 9 {Closure of instrumental perforation of the stenotic esophagus by means of endo-esophageal tube . On the way from solitary success to clinical principle? (author's transl)}; Meissner K; Instrumental perforation, consequential to esophagoscopic diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, ranges among the inherent and life threatening complications of such manoeuvres . Emergency operations in this situation are dangerous and bedeviled with a prohibitive percentage of mortality . Further spillage into the mediastinum was successfully prevented by introducing an endoesophageal tube of the Celestin-type . Antibiotic protection proved to be the only necessary additional measure. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1977 Nov 2, 479(1), 91 - 7 Biphasic effects of translational inhibitors on liver tyrosine aminotransferase; Baccino FM et al.; Low doses of cycloheximide or emetine cause rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase activity to rise up to twice the control levels in 2 h . By contrast, in the same interval no changes, or only a slight decrease, are produced by either drug at high dosage . Adrenalectomised animals display the same pattern of response . High doses of either antibiotic virtually afford a complete inhibition of 14C-labelled amino acid incorporation into liver and plasma proteins, whereas no more than a 30% decrease is observed with low doses . When administered in the course of the induction by cortisol, high doses of inhibitor prevent any further change in tyrosine aminotransferase activity, stabilising it at the level already attained; low doses, while slightly affecting the synthetic phase evoked by cortisol, drastically interfere with the deinduction . Six hours after various doses of either inhibitor the tyrosine aminotransferase activity is markedly increased, this late effect being largely dependent on the presence of adrenals . The amino acid incorporating actitivy of the liver may exceed that of controls, as observed particularly after small doses of emetine. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1977 Nov 1, 470(3), 357 - 67 Properties of amphotericin B channels in a lipid bilayer; Ermishkin LN et al.; Properties of individual ionic channels formed by polyene antibiotic Amphotericin B were studied on brain phospholipid membranes containing cholesterol . The ionic channels have a closed state and an open one (with conductance of about 6.5 pS in 2 M KCl) . The conductance value of an open channel is independent of cholesterol concentration in the membrane of pH in the range from 3.5 to 8.0 . The voltage-current characteristics of a single channel are superlinear . Zero current potential value in the case of different KCl concentrations in the two solutions indicates preferential but not ideal anionic selectivity of a single channel . Channel conductivity grows as the electrolyte concentration is increased and tends to a limiting value at high concentrations . A simple model having only one site for an ion was shown to represent satisfactorily an open channel behaviour under different conditions . An individual ionic channel performs a large number of transitions between the open and closed states during its life-time of several minutes . Rate constants of these transitions depend on the kind and concentration of salt in aqueous solutions . The switching system functioning is not influenced by an ion situated inside the pore. South Med J, 1977 Nov, 70(11), 1360 - 1 Topical corticosteroid therapy complicating congenital glaucoma; Harbin TS Jr et al.; A 4-month-old infant with congenital glaucoma had been treated with a topical antibiotic-corticosteroid for three months . This fact complicated initial management, delaying definitive diagnosis and therapy . Topical steroid therapy in infants can produce a condition simulating congenital glaucoma . Since there is little rationale for using topical steroids to treat most infantile external disease processes, they are best avoided . When steroids are used for a prolonged period, some strategy for detecting glaucoma should be adopted. J Bacteriol, 1977 Nov, 132(2), 497 - 504 Membrane lipid biosynthesis in Acholeplasma laidlawii B: de novo biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids by growing cells; Saito Y et al.; The de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids of 12 to 18 carbons from precursors of 5 carbons or fewer has been demonstrated in Acholeplasma laidlawii B . Radiolabeling experiments indicated that the normal primers for the synthesis of the even- and odd-chain fatty acids are acetate and propionate or valerate, respectively . Saturated straight-chain monomethyl-branched fatty acids of up to five carbons were readily utilized as primers, wheras more highly branched species and those possessing halogen substituents or unsaturation were not utilized . At primer concentrations of 1 to 3 mM, up to 80% of the total cellular lipid fatty acids were derived from exogenous primer . The mean chain length of the exogenous primer-derived fatty acids rose with increasing primer incorporation for methyl-branched short-chain fatty acids but was invariant for propionate . The products of de novo biosynthesis varied only slightly with temperature or cholesterol supplementation, suggesting that de novo biosynthesis is not directly influenced by membrane fluidity . Cerulenin inhibited de novo biosynthesis in a fashion that suggests the presence of two beta-ketoacyl thioester synthetases, which differ in substrate chain length specificity and in susceptibility to inhibition by the antibiotic. Circulation, 1977 Nov, 56(5), 837 - 41 The use of "fresh" unstented homograft valves for replacement of the aortic valve: analysis of 6 1/2 years experience; Thompson R et al.; Between August 1969 and January 1976, 561 patients underwent homograft replacement of the aortic valve (AVR) . Isolated AVR was performed in 339 patients, ranging in age between 18 months and 74 years . The valves were sterilized in antibiotic solution and preserved at 4 degrees C in tissue culture medium . There were 11 early deaths (3.2%) and 23 late deaths (6.8%) . Actuarial analysis showed 88% survival at 5 years and 85% at 6 years . Valve failure occurred in 13 patients (3.8%) due to prolapse of one cusp in five patients (1.5%), infective endocarditis in three and degeneration of the graft in five (1.5%) . Degenerative valve failure was encountered after the fourth year with an incidence of 3.5% of patients at risk, and occurred only in grafts from donors over the age of 70 years . Diastolic murmurs were present in 22% of patients followed up for more than one month and increased very slightly with time . The clinical result was judged to be good or excellent in approximately 90% of the surviving patients. Obstet Gynecol, 1977 Nov, 50(5), 518 - 22 Ruptured tuboovarian abscess . Is hysterectomy necessary? Rivlin ME, Hunt JA. The use of conservative pelvic surgery combined with intra- and postoperative antibiotic peritoneal lavage has been evaluated in 113 women with generalized peritonitis due to ruptured tuboovarian abscess . Mortality was 7.1% and hysterectomy was only required in 3% of cases . Hormonal and menstrual functions were retained in 73.5% and the potential for future pregnancy in 42.5% . Further surgery was required in 17.5% of the patients . These results are contrasted with recent series of comparable size in which the mortality and morbidity were similar but the frequency of hysterectomy ranged from 70--100% . It is concluded that hysterectomy is not necessary in the management of ruptured tuboovarian abscess if the major source of sepsis is removed and adequate peritoneal drainage is provided by the use of lavage. Clin Orthop, 1977 Nov-Dec, (129), 223 - 4 Septic arthritis of the hip in a hemophiliac . Report of a case; Houghton GR; Septic arthritis of the hip occurred in a 32-year-old hemophiliac with circulating Factor VIII antibodies . The clinical presentation suggested a soft tissue hematoma, but failure of early resolution with immobilization and Factor VIII replacement led to a correct diagnosis . A non-invasive method of management is essential if antibodies to Factor VIII are present . Compression and Plaster of Paris immobilization of the joint with adequate antibiotic therapy allows resolution of the infection and return to normal function . To avoid the serious complication of septic arthritis in hemophilia, expeditious treatment of all foci of infection is a necessity. Kidney Int, 1977 Nov, 12(5), 366 - 72 Tetracycline fluorescence in uremic and primary hyperparathyroid bone; Teitelbaum SL et al.; Twenty-five patients with end-stage renal disease, nine of whom were receiving pharmacologic doses of vitamin D, and seventeen patients with primary hyperparathyroidism underwent bone biopsy following a three-day course of tetracycline administration . The mean width of the fluorescent tetracycline bands were significantly greater in the bones of patients with uremia than in those with primary hyperparathyroidism . This difference was due to wide labels present in the patients with uremia who had not been treated with vitamin D, as no differences existed in mean label widths of patients with uremia who had received this compound and the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism . Comparison of the maximum label widths distinguished not only primary hyperparathyroid patients from those with uremia, but uremic patients who had recieved vitamin D from those who had not been so treated . Quantitative microscopy of standard, nonfluorescent histologic features failed to make this latter distinction . These data are consistent with the presence of a wide zone of instantaneously fluorescing material in uremic bone following tetracycline administration, which does not relate to bone apposition occurring during antibiotic administration . This phenomenon probably represents a delay in mineral maturation which is normalized by vitamin D . Furthermore, it is apparent that the use of a continuously administered (single) tetracycline label will result in an overestimation of bone formation rates, particularly in osteomalacic states. Vopr Pitan, 1977 Nov-Dec, (6), 64 - 7 {Presence of chlortetracycline residues in the organs and tissues of poultry}; Sheveleva SA et al.; Poultry products (meat, liver, kidneys of hens and chicken) were found to be contaminated with chlortetracycline used as a stimulant of the poultry growth . From among 603 samples examined 91 (15.1 per cent) were found to contain residual amounts of the antibiotic comprising from 0.01 to 1.0 gamma/g of the tissue . Most often the antibiotic was definable in the tissues of the kidneys (24.7 per cent), liver (19.5 per cent) and more seldom in that of the muscles (2.4 per cent) . Regular control is needed in the country over the presence of antibiotics in the products of poultry industry. Somatic Cell Genet, 1977 Nov, 3(6), 611 - 27 Carbomycin resistance in mouse L cells; Bunn CL et al.; A mutant has been isolated from the mouse cell line LM(TK-) which is stably resistant to the macrolide antibiotic, carbomycin . Mitochondrial protein synthesis in this mutant was carbomycin resistant and chloramphenicol sensitive . Fusions between carbomycin-resistant and -sensitive cells produced hybrids, most of which were sensitive to 10 microgram/ml carbomycin . At 7.5 microgram carbomycin/ml, the average population resistance is low initially but increases with time . Carbomycin-resistant cells were enucleated and fused with carbomycin-sensitive cells under a variety of selective regimes designed to allow growth of carbomycin-resistant cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids) . No transfer of carbomycin resistance via the cytoplasm was detected . Karyoplasts from carbomycin-resistant cells showed a low transfer of resistance to 7.5 microgram carbomycin/ml in karyoplast-cell fusions . Carbomycin resistance in this mutant is therefore most likely encoded in a nuclear gene. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1977 Nov, 30(11), 993 - 8 Synthesis of carbon-14 and tritium labeled sagamicin; Deguchi T et al.; Sagamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was labeled with tritium by means of a platinum catalyzed hydrogen exchange reaction and by carbon-14 in two biosynthetic procedures . 14C-Methyl-L-methionine was used as the radioactive precursor in these biological processes involving Micromonospora sagamiensis . The distribution of radioactivity in 14C-sagamicin and gentamicin C1 was studied by mild acid hydrolysis and Hofmann degradation . The results showed that both C- and N-methyl groups were derived from methionine . One of the biosynthetic processes involved the conversion of gentamicin into sagamicin with resting cells and labeled methionine. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex, 1977 Nov-Dec, 34(6), 1331 - 41 {Current concept of chronic secretory otitis}; Avila Lozada A et al.; Excess trust in antibiotic therapy, as well as omission in paracenthesis in treating acute otitis media, are the main factors to account for the development of a new problem in the middle ear: secretory otitis media; that is, presence of liquid, usually of mucoid type, in the tympanic cavity, which constitutes the most common cause of hearing loss in children . The eustachian tube obstruction, being an important mechanical obstructive factor in this pathologic type problem, as well as recent evidence from studies, showing that the mucosa of the middle ear, suffering repeated infections, undergoes metaplasic changes, to a glandular epithelium that maintains the presence of liquid in the cavity . Stress is placed on symptoms and signs in infants and in older children as well as on the medical and surgical therapy of this entity. Antibiotiki, 1977 Nov, 22(11), 1018 - 22 {Suppression of the damaging effect of amphotericin B on dog kidney lysosomes by amigluracyl}; Kravchenko LS et al.; The effect of amphotericin B and its combination with amigluracyl on the dog kidney lyzosomes was studied in vitro . It was found that on incubation of the lyzosomes with the antibiotic in a concentration of 1 gamma/ml the latter stimulated liberation of proteases from them . At the same time, when the lyzosomes were exposed to amphotericin B in combination with amigluracyl, a significant decrease in the rise of the proteolytic activity in the incubation medium due to the antibiotic was observed . It was found that the combined use of amphotericin B with amigluracyl resulted in an intensive inhibition of the enzyme activity; The data are indicative of the fact that amigluracyl decreases the damaging effect of the antibiotic on the dog kidney lyzosomes. Am J Hosp Pharm, 1977 Nov, 34(11), 1208 - 24 Drug product advertising and prescribing: a review of the evidence; Smith MC; A review of the effect of advertising drug products in medical journals on the prescribing of drugs is presented . The scope of advertisiig, the content of advertising, the latent effects of advertising, the effects of advertising on prescribing, and the social costs and benefits of advertising are discussed . Advertising for antibiotic and psychotropic drug products is reviewed in some detail . It is concluded that there is inconclusive evidence that the pharmaceutical industry, through journal advertising, is persuading physicians to prescribe drugs too often or unwisely, or both . It is suggested that pharmacists study the information needs of health care practioners and provide good drug information services. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1977 Nov, 30(11), 960 - 4 Spectinomycin modification . III Chloro-deoxy analogs; Carney RE et al.; 9-Epichloro-9-deoxy-4(R)-dihydrospectinomycin (3), 9-chloro-9-deoxy-4(R)-dihydrospectinomycin (7), 9-deoxy-8, 9-epimino-4(R)-dihydrospectinomycin (6), and 9-epichloro-9-deoxy-spectinomycin (10) have been prepared and their structures established by proton magnetic resonance . These analogs are devoid of antibiotic activity. J Cell Biol, 1977 Nov, 75(2 Pt 1), 483 - 9 Diffusion rates of cell surface antigens of mouse-human heterokaryons . II . Effect of membrane potential on lateral diffusion; Edidin M et al.; The rate of appearance, in a population of mouse-human heterokaryons, of cells with intermixed mouse and human surface antigens may be used to estimate the rate of lateral diffusion of the antigens in a single cell . Most heterokaryons appear to restrict diffusion of their surface antigens . These restrictions are altered by exposing either heterokaryons or their parent cells to conditions that change cell surface membrane potential . Media containing unphysiological concentrations of potassium ion, drugs, affecting the Na+,K+ ATPase, or a channel-forming antibiotic, gramicidin, all affect lateral mobility of cell surface antigens in a manner consistent with a common effect on membrane potential. Nouv Presse Med, 1977 Oct 29, 6(36), 3317 - 9 {Rupture of an infective aneurysm of the sub-renal abdominal aorta into the inferior vena cava . One case (author's transl)}; Cormier JM et al.; An aorto-caval fistula developed in a 62-year-old woman secondary to the rupture of an infective aneurysm of the aortic bifurcation . Treatment in relation to local and, above all, general infection is discussed, emphasising the value of epiplooplasty and prolonged appropriate antibiotic therapy . However, adequate follow-up is essential in order to be able to affirm cure, recurrence of the infectious process always being possible, even late. Acta Hepatogastroenterol (Stuttg), 1977 Oct, 24(5), 364 - 7 Brush border peptidases and arylamidases in the experimental blind loop syndrome of the rat; Mazzacca G et al.; Peptidase and arylamidase activities were assessed in purified brush borders from jejunum of rats with surgically created blind loops . The blind loop segment and the jejunum proximal and distal to the blind loop were studied . Comparable jejunal segments from control rats were also studied . The blind loop syndrome was documented by presence of macrocytic anemia . Enzyme activities were determined on purified brush borders . In rats with the blind loop syndromes enzymatic activities hydrolizing sucrose, L-Leucyl-beta-naphthylamide, L-lysyl-beta-naphthylamide, alpha-L-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide, L-phenylalanyl-alanine and L-leucyl-glycine were significantly reduced as compared to controls (P less than 0.001) . After a short course of antibiotic therapy enzymatic activities returned to normal . Our findings suggest a reversible intestinal mucosa damage in the rat with blind loop syndrome. J Membr Biol, 1977 Oct, 37(2), 137 - 56 Effects of nystatin on membrane conductance and internal ion activities in Aplysia neurons; Russell JM et al.; Two methods were used to study effects of the antibiotics, nystatin, on giant neurons of Aplysia . In the first method the effects of various concentrations of nystatin on the current-voltage relationship were evaluated at a fixed time after exposure to the antibiotic using a two-microelectrode voltage clamp . Nystatin increased membrane conductance in a dose-dependent manner . The dose-response relation was very steep, with little or no effect below 15 mg/liter and an effect too large to measure at concentrations greater than 30 mg/liter . Upon return to antibiotic-free solution, membrane conductance returned to pre-treatment levels within 30 minutes . The second type of experiment involved use of ion-specific microelectrodes to measure changes of intracellular univalent ion activities which attended the nystatin-induced permeability . Nystatin-induced permeability changes mainly involved univalent cations, but Cl permeability was also increased . Nystatin may therefore be used to selectively rearrange the internal ionic milieu to study the effect of such a change on membrane transport or electrical properties. J Urol, 1977 Oct, 118(4), 525 - 8 Renal carbuncle: the use of ultrasound in its diagnosis and treatment; Goldman SM et al.; The use of ultrasound in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of 5 patients with renal abscesses is described . A spectrum of ultrasonic findings was noted, with the majority of the lesions being anechoic (3 cases) . However, a few lesions showed a mixed pattern (2 cases) . Ultrasonic aspiration of abscess fluid for culture and sensitivity obviated an operation in 1 case . For the first time, ultrasonically guided, percutaneous, indwelling catheter drainage of a renal carbuncle is reported . Since the patient had failed to respond to systemic antibiotic therapy this technique saved the patient from undergoing an operation . The clinical and ultrasonic findings in the 6 previous case reports of abscesses are reviewed. Am J Med, 1977 Oct, 63(4), 548 - 55 A controlled study of the efficacy of granulocyte transfusions in patients with neutropenia; Vogler WR et al.; A randomized clinical trial to determine the efficacy of granulocyte transfusions in neutropenic patients with infection was conducted . Criteria for patient selection included a proved infection, a granulocyte count of less than 300/mm3, availability of a suitable donor and failure to respond to at least 72 horus of appropriate antibiotic therapy . Thirty patients were assigned at random to receive either granulocyte transfusions or to serve as a control group . Antibiotic therapy was continued in both groups . Responses were judged by the degree of diminution of infectious episodes and survival . The results showed that 11 of 13 control patients failed to respond during the period of observation, whereas 10 of 17 patients given transfusions responded . The results were statistically significantly different (p less than 0.05) . The median survival was 22.5 days in the group given transfusions (group 2) and 7.7 in the control group (group 1) (p less than 0.01) . The granulocyte transfusions were most effective in patients with hypocellular marrows who failed to recover during the period of observation . These results indicate that granulocyte transfusions are effective in the short-term control of infections in neutropenic patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1977 Oct, 22(4), 389 - 94 Effects of furosemide on glomerular filtration rate and clearance of practolol, digoxin, cephaloridine, and gentamicin; Tilstone WJ et al.; Furosemide was shown to decrease inulin clearance in 20 of 27 normal subjects . The depression in inulin clearance occurred in both water-loaded and non-water-loaded subjects . The renal clearance of practolol, but not digoxin, was reduced when furosemide was given . The average total plasma clearances of gentamicin and of cephaloridine over a 6-hr period were decreased after furosemide . The reduced clearances of the antibiotics were associated with higher plasma levels, the increase in antibiotic concentration being as much as 100% at 1 hr after an intravenous bolus injection. Postgrad Med J, 1977 Oct, 53(624), 583 - 7 Prevention of infection in nurseries for the newborn; Keay AJ et al.; Prevention of infection in nurseries involves consideration of the design of hospitals, wards and equipment, the study of nursing and domestic procedures, the monitoring of environmental flora and the planning of antiseptic and antibiotic policies . These subjects cannot be considered in isolation from each other and are most suitably managed by a Control of Infection Committee . Ultimately the safety of infants in nurseries rests upon the degree to which each individual involved in their care pays attention to the agreed policies of general and personal hygiene. Int Surg, 1977 Oct, 62(10), 564 - 5 Evaluation of bacteria and biliary tract diseases; Singh Z et al.; Bile specimens were taken for culture from 100 patients who had disease originating in the biliary tract . Routine cases of chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis were found to have a low incidence of infected bile . An acute process appears to be needed in order to produce infected bile, and an acute obstruction of the bile duct due to gallstones produced infected bile . An effort should be made to select these patients and begin antibiotic therapy as soon as possible. J Clin Microbiol, 1977 Oct, 6(4), 328 - 31 Cultivation of Chlamydia trachomatis in cycloheximide-treated mccoy cells; Ripa KT et al.; An isolation technique for Chlamydia trachomatis using McCoy cells is described . In contrast to earlier techniques employing such cells, no pretreatment of the cells was used . The glutarimide antibiotic cycloheximide was added to the culture medium used for incubating the cells after infection . Cycloheximide was used at concentrations that depressed, but did not completely inhibit, the metabolism of the eucaryotic host cells . In studies on different immunotypes of C . trachomatis cultured in the yolk sac of embryonated hen eggs, the cycloheximide technique was compared with a method using pretreatment of cells with 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine . The cycloheximide method gave greater numbers of inclusion-forming units per cover slip for all the immunotypes of trachoma-inclusion conjunctivitis agents tested, i.e., A through I . In a study of 194 cervical and urethral specimens from women, cycloheximide treatment of McCoy cells was found to be more efficient than 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine treatment for the isolation of C . trachomatis. Antibiotiki, 1977 Oct, 22(10), 943 - 6 {Clinical use of rubomycin in neuroblastoma in children}; Durnov LA et al.; The results of treatment of 23 children at the age of 7 months to 11 years suffering from neuroblastoma are presented; 22 patients with tumors, relapses or metastases were subjected to the treatment and 1 child was treated prophylactically after radical operation . Four patients were subjected to roentgen therapy in addition to the treatment with rubomycin . The antibiotic was administered intravenously in doses of 0.7--1.5 mg/kg in 1--3 days or daily . The caurse dose (3--12 mg/kg) was determined by the treatment efficiency and the side reactions . The objective effect was observed in 68 per cent of the patients, including the pronounced objective effect (marks 3 and 2) in 41 per cent of the cases . Leucopenia (less than 4000 cells in 1 mm3 of the blood) . thrombocytopenia, vomiting (or nousea) and changes in the ECG were registered in 20 (87 per cent), 4,9 and 2 patients respectively . When the results of the treatment were positive, repeated courses of the therapy within 1.5--2 years were carried out; 18 patients died within 4 months to 2 years after the first course of the treatment with rubomycin because of the disease development . No signs of the disease were observed in 4 children with in 3--6 years of observation. Anat Rec, 1977 Oct, 189(2), 177 - 85 Granule release by polymorphonuclear leukocytes treated with the ionophore A23187; Sannes PL et al.; Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) incubate three to eight minutes at 37 degrees C in medium containing 1 X 10(-6) M of the ionophore antibiotic A23187 released their cytoplasmic granules into the extracellular medium . Transmission electron microscopy of treated cells showed microfilament bundles extending between adjacent granules within the cytoplasm and between granules and the plasma membrane . Tiny dense projections (beads) 8-12 nm in diameter were observed along segments of the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane with a periodicity of 20-30 nm . These beads were observed on the plasma membrane only in the vicinity of intra- or extracytoplasmic granules . The structural relationships of the beads with the plasma membrane microfilaments suggest they play a role in the process of ionophore-induced granule release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Bacteriol, 1977 Oct, 132(1), 113 - 7 Respiratory competence of Dictyostelium discoideum spores; Kobilinksy L et al.; Analysis of the respiratory chain of spores of Dictyostelium discoideum, which lack a cyanide-sensitive respiration, indicated that cytochromes a-a3, b, and c-c1 are present at levels identical to those found in the vegetative amoebae . The specific activities of enzymes of both the respiratory chain and the citric acid cycle in the 600 x g supernatant fraction of sonically treated spores were at least as high as in similar preparations of amoebae . The activities of glutamic dehydrogenase and oligomycin-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase were reduced in the spores 30 and 56%, respectively . Intact spores appeared to lack a cyanide-sensitive respiration as a result of inadequate quantities of respiratory substrate and, more importantly, as a result of a lack of the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide . The emergence phase of spore germination was sensitive to the antibiotic chloramphenicol, which is a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis . It is concluded that germination requires the early synthesis of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and generation of respiratory substrates and one or more mitochondrially synthesized proteins. J Infect Dis, 1977 Oct, 136(4), 469 - 74 Inhibition of the biologic effects of endotoxin on neutrophils by polymyxin B sulfate; Bannatyne RM et al.; Polymyxin B sulfate diminished the endotoxin-mediated release of human blood neutrophil lysosomal enzymes . Similarly, this antibiotic reduced the endotoxin-induced increase in the neutrophil hexose monophosphate pathway activity as measured by the release of 14CO2 from {l-14C}glucose . Although these effects were seen with therapeutically attainable levels of polymyxin B sulfate, they could not be demonstrated when the cell-endotoxin interaction preceded treatment with polymyxin B sulfate. Gut, 1977 Oct, 18(10), 800 - 4 Myopathy in Whipple's disease; Swash M et al.; We report a patient with Whipple's disease who developed a myopathy that improved during antibiotic therapy . The muscle biopsy showed mild type 2 fibre atrophy, type 1 fibre preponderance, variability in fibre size, and changes in the myofibrillar pattern of affected fibres . Interfascicular macrophages contained PAS-positive material . With the electron microscope these macrophages contained membranous inclusions and bacillary bodies, similar to those seen in the jejunal biopsy. Eur J Pharmacol, 1977 Sep 15, 45(2), 101 - 4 Calcium ionophores and tension production in skinned frog muscle fibers; Mobley BA; Antibiotics, X-537A and A23187, were added in micromolar concentrations to selected bathing solutions of skinned frog muscle fibers, and they were shown to affect the production of tension in the skinned fibers . Segments of skinned fibers were bathed in a buffered calcium solution with a pCa near the threshold for contraction . When a segment was moved to a lightly buffered calcium solution with a pCa higher than the threshold for contraction but one containing either antibiotic, a transient contracture of the segment resulted . if the procedure was repeated in the same segment, no contracture was produced . The results are consistent with the idea that the antibiotics function as calcium ionophores in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned fibers. Vopr Virusol, 1977 Sep-Oct, (5), 622 - 5 {Virus and plant-host interrelationships in the presence of rifamycin}; Kovalenko AG et al.; The effect of rifamycine on the infectivity and accumulation in tissues of potato X-virus (PXV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in local and systemic infections of plants was studied . High concentrations of rifamycine (50--100 microgram/ml) were found to inhibit and low (2 microgram/ml) to stimulate the infectivity of the viruses . Rifamycine reduced accumulation of PXV in isolated leaves of thornapple and growth of necrotic lesions caused by TMV on tobacco leaves . The effectiveness of the antibiotic depends on its concentration, method and time of its use and the kind of the experimental system . The activity of rifamycine towards the induced tobacco resistance to reinfection with TMV was found to be insignificant. Biokhimiia, 1977 Sep, 42(9), 1655 - 9 {Proteolytic activity of lysosomes from dog kidney under the effect of amphotericin B in vitro}; Kravchenko LS; Amphotericin B at concentration of 0.1-1 mcg/ml is found to increase the yield of proteases from isolated dog kidney lysosomes . Further increase of amphotericin B concentration results in the decrease of proteolytic activity in the incubation medium, which is due to a considerable inactivation of proteases by high concentrations of antibiotic . Like amphotericin B, sodium deoxycholate, which is a part of many drugs, sharply inhibits the activity of enzyme, but, in contrast to the antibiotic, it almost does not release proteases from lysosomes . It is suggested that early described degradation of proteins of plasmic membranes and chromatin in dog kidney cells under the injection of amphotericin B is a result of the damage of lysosome membranes by the antibiotic. Agents Actions, 1977 Sep, 7(3), 341 - 6 Toxicological evaluation of imipramine in combination with adriamycin and strophanthin; Zbinden G et al.; Chronic oral administration of imipramine to rats caused characteristic changes of the electrocardiogram (ECG), i.e . prolongation of the PR interval, widening of the QRS complex, and increase in T-wave voltage . The cardiotoxic anthracycline antibiotic adriamycin induced dose-dependent widening of the QRS complex . This effect on intraventricular conduction was not enhanced in rats receiving both drugs . The high adriamycin dose (5 x 4 mg/kg) abolished imipramine-induced prolongation of the PR interval and T-wave elevation . This was not seen with the low adriamycin dose (20 x 1 mg/kg) . Imipramine prolonged survival time of rats treated with toxic doses of adriamycin, but enhanced growth retardation in animals receiving the low adriamycin dose . Chronic treatment with increasing doses of strophanthin induced significant flattening of the T wave in rats with and without imipramine therapy, but did not influence the changes of the ECG or body weight gain caused by imipramine . It is concluded that the combined use of imipramine and adriamycin or strophanthin did not lead to a serious enhancement of the toxicity of the tricyclic antidepressant. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, 1977 Sep, (9), 94 - 6 {Effect of leukocyte cation proteins in vitro on the activity of the pathogen of meningopneumonitis}; Kokriakov VN et al.; A study was made of the influence of cation proteins from the lysosomes and nuclei of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes on the survival of the causative agent of meningopneumonia in vitro . As revealed, the greatest antibiotic activity was possessed by the nuclear histones and the low molecular basic proteins of lysosomes . Biological significance of the detected effects is discussed. Biofizika, 1977 Sep-Oct, 22(5), 948 - 9 {Effect of valinomycin on the phase state and passive permeability for calcium ions of membranes from artificial phospholipids}; Vladimirov IuA et al.; Effect of valinomycin on passive permeability for calcium ions of liposomes from artificial phospholipids of dimiristoillecithin and dipalmitoillecithin under the conditions of thermotropic structural transitions which were controlled by means of fluorescent probe of 3-metoxibenzantron . It was found that the incorporating of valinomycin into the membrane depends on the density of phospholipid packing . The change of the physical state of phospholipids under the effect of antibiotic was correlated with the change of passive permeability of liposomes for calcium ions. In Vitro, 1977 Sep, 13(9), 548 - 56 Toxicity of nystatin and its methyl ester toward parental and hybrid mammalian cells; Fisher PB et al.; Nystatin methyl ester (NME), the methyl ester derivative of the polyene macrolide antibiotic nystatin, is known to be effective against fungi and is now found to be relatively less toxic than the parent antibiotic nystatin (NYS) to animal cells in culture as measured by 51Cr release, cell survival at different posttreatment periods and cell growth . NYS and NME were tested on TK- mouse (B82) and hamster (B1) cells, HGPRT- mouse (RAG) cells, and on lysolecithin-fused cells selected in HAT medium and confirmed as B82-RAG and B1-RAG hybrids by chromosomal analysis plus polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of lactate dehydrogenase . NME was less toxic and caused less immediate membrane damage than NYS when tested in all five cell systems . However, differences in innate polyene sensitivity were evident between the three parental cell types . B82 and B1 cells were more resistant than RAG cells to NYS and NME . B82-RAG hybrids reflected the higher level resistance of B82 parental cells, and B1-RAG hybrids reflected the higher level resistance of B1 cells . Where one parental cell type is relatively more polyene sensitive, the use of polyenes in the future may be applicable as selective agents in cell hybridization. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1977 Sep, 30(9), 743 - 8 Mechanism of growth inhibition by 2'-amino-2'-deoxyguanosine in Escherichia coli; Nakanishi T et al.; The mechanism of inhibition of Escherichia coli by the new nucleoside antibiotic, 2'-amino-2'-deoxyguanosine (2AG), is described . Upon the addition of 2AG, the syntheses of macromolecules continued for 15 minutes . After this lag time, protein synthesis sharply decreased, Rna synthesis slightly decreased, but DNA synthesis was not affected . Tritiated 2AG was readily incorporated into the acid-soluble fraction of cells in the form of the mono-, di- and triphosphates . In the acid-soluble fraction, radioactivity was found only in the RNA fraction . The major part of the radioactivity was found to be guanylate; only 25% existed as the nucleotide of 2AG . In resistant strains of E . coli, there was a lower degree of phosphorylating activity and less incorporation of 2AG into RNA per unit of cell mass increase . These results suggest that 2AG inhibits growth by its incorporation into RNA and the subsequent distrubance of RNA function causing a block in protein synthesis. SSO Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnheilkd, 1977 Sep, 87(9), 915 - 20 {General medical concepts for the dental treatment of aging patients}; Rhomberg F; Patients, particularly older ones, with internal medical diseases, may be hazards for the dental treatment . Therefore, anamnestic data seem to be most important in order to uncover the hazard patient (diabetes, survived heart attacks, anticoagulation, rheumatic heart affections, hypertonics, allergies) . Local anesthesia can be another problem, because it may lead to collapse (psychogenous or from anaphylactic shock) . Focal infection, although in general overrated in its importance for the general organism, may pose some problems before heart surgery and antibiotic therapy previously may seem necessary . Finally, therapeutic consequences from emergencies in the dental office are reviewed. J Oral Surg, 1977 Sep, 35(9), 726 - 9 Fatal mediastinitis after a dental infection; McCurdy JA Jr et al.; The pertinent features of life-threatening complications of dental infections have been briefly reviewed with particular emphasis on the alterations of the clinical features of these conditions induced by antibiotic therapy . The clinician who deals with dental infections must exercise a high index of suspicion to consistently abort the development of these complications, especially when treating debilitated patients or individuals with compromised immune functions. J Clin Microbiol, 1977 Sep, 6(3), 285 - 92 Early detection of chlamydial inclusions combining the use of cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells and immunofluorescence staining; Thomas BJ et al.; Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions only 21 h after a specimen reaches the laboratory has been achieved by the combined use of cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells and immunofluorescence staining . Moreover, cells exposed to cycloheximide were more sensitive for detecting chlamydial inclusions than those pretreated by irradiation, since larger numbers of inclusions were found in the former cells . The application of this rapid and sensitive method allows a diagnosis of chlamydial infection to be made before antibiotic therapy is started . In this way, it should enable the treatment of nonspecific genital infections to be placed on a more rational basis. J Immunol, 1977 Sep, 119(3), 877 - 82 Effects of C-reactive protein on platelet function . III . The role of cAMP, contractile elements, and prostaglandin metabolism in CRP-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation and secretion; Fiedel BA et al.; It was previously demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP) inhibits platelet aggregation and release reactions, activation of platelet factor 3, and platelet-dependent clot retraction . Multiple considerations including selective inhibition of secondary wave aggregation suggested that CRP exerted its inhibitory effects by interfering with the release of endogenous ADP . In the present investigation, CRP was found by direct assay to inhibit the release of endogenous ADP and/or serotonin concomitant with inhibition of platelet aggregation stimulated by ADP, epinephrine, thrombin, and AHGG . CRP did not induce an increase in the basal level of platelet cAMP, suggesting independence of a direct effect upon this mediator system . Furthermore, CRP did not inhibit the aggregation and secretion induced by the antibiotic ionophore A23187, suggesting the absence of a direct effect upon the activation of platelet contractile elements . By contrast, CRP did inhibit both thrombin-induced release of malondialdehyde, a prostaglandin endoperoxide nonprostanoate endproduct, and platelet aggregation induced by the prostaglandin endoperoxide precursor arachidonic acid . These data, therefore, raise the possibility that CRP inhibits platelet reactivities by interfering with an aspect of porstaglandin metabolism, and that this occurs subsequent to the hydrolytic accumulation of arachidonic acid and prior to the movement of calcium from the platelet dense tubules . These studies support the concept that CRP serves to modulate platelet reactivities during acute inflammatory reactions. Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 1977 Aug 26, 217(3), 289 - 96 {A proposition for mutual genesis of hearing loss, recruitment and ear murmurs in the case of acute inner ear alterations (author's transl)}; Tonndorf J; Pathological changes on the stereocilia of cochlear hair cells observed by Bredberg et al . (1972) after noise exposure and in the early stages of antibiotic intoxication are suggested to cause a mechanical decoupling between the tectorial membrane and the hair cells . During acute episodes of endolymphatic hydrops a similar decoupling is suggested to occur, although for different reasons . Harris (1968) calculated the noise generated at the input to the hair cells on account of the Brownian motion of air particles in front of the tympanic membrane . For tight coupling, he obtained a level of (--)22 dB re auditory threshold . For loose coupling this noise was found to increase to +33 dB, i.e., for 55 dB . These two independent findings are used to account for the combination of hearing loss, recruitment, and tinnitus observed with the inner-ear pathologies mentioned . The proposed hypothesis is in good agreement with clinical observations. Int J Cancer, 1977 Aug 15, 20(2), 296 - 302 A mouse leukemia cell mutant resistant to blasticidin S; Kuwano M et al.; After nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis we isolated from mouse leukemia L5178Y cells a mutant cell (Bla-R) resistant to blasticidin S, an inhibitor of protein synthesis . Neither growth nor leucine incorporation into hot-acid insoluble fraction of Bla-R cell was inhibited by 5 to 20 microgram/ml blasticidin S, which almost completely blocked protein synthesis as well as growth of the parental L5178Y cells . However, other inhibitors such as fusidic acid, cycloheximide, ricin D or L-asparaginase blocked protein synthesis in Bla-R cells to the same extent as in L5178Y cells . Protein synthesis in vitro using S-30 extracts from the parental cell line L5178Y was almost completely blocked in the presence of the antibiotic, while no inhibition by blasticidin S occurred when S-30 extracts -rom Bla-R mutant cells were used . Protein synthesis assays were made by using the S100 fraction from rat liver together with ribosomes from either L5178Y cells or Bla-R cells . Blasticidin S inhibited protein synthesis when ribosomes were derived from L5178Y cells, but not from Bla-R mutant. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 1977 Aug 12, 102(32), 1155 - 60 {Immunopathological findings in herpes gestationis (author's transl)}; Scherer R et al.; Herpes gestationis occurred in a 26-year-old woman during the last weeks of her second pregnancy . Within 8 days of the delivery the disease had progressed to such an extent that systemic treatment became necessary . Whereas pre-delivery treatment had consisted exclusively of local desinfection, and steroid and antibiotic ointments, treatment after delivery also included systemic use of prednisolone . After treatment for 3 weeks the skin changes had disappeared except for minimal pigmentation . Using immunofluorescent microscopy a complement activation in the dermo-epidermal junction and in adjacent clinically healthy skin could be demonstrated: There were massive linear depositions of C3, C1q and C4 . In the basal membrane of the epidermis IgM could be demonstrated as an unusual finding . Further immunopathological features were found in the form of an immune complex vasculitis which could be shown during the active phase of the disease. Biochemistry, 1977 Aug 9, 16(16), 2641 - 7 Bleomycin-DNA interactions: fluorescence and proton magnetic resonance studies; Chien M et al.; The interaction of bleomycin A2 with DNA has been examined by fluorescence spectroscopy and proton magnetic resonance techniques . Fluorescence bands observed at 353 and 405 nm in the spectrum of bleomycin were assigned to the bithiazole and 4-aminopyrimidine rings, respectively . Quenching of bithiazole fluorescence by DNA was used to determine apparent equilibrium constants for the complex which, in 2.5 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer, pH 8.4, are 1.2 X 10(5) M-1 for bleomycin and 1.4 X 10(5) M-1 for tripeptide S, a partial acid hydrolysis product of the antibiotic . Uner these conditions, one molecule of bleomycin binds for every five to six base pairs in DNA . In the proton magnetic resonance spectrum of bleomycin, resonances emanating from the bithiazole rings and dimethylsulfonium groups are preferentially broadened and reduced in intensity in the presence of DNA, suggesting that these moieties bind most tightly to the polymer. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 1977 Aug, 30(8), 639 - 43 Streptomyces laurentii, a new species producing thiostrepton; Trejo WH et al.; The taxonomic description of Streptomyces laurentii, a new species related to but distinguishable from the S . fradiae group, is presented . This new species produces thiostrepton but bears no taxonomic relationship to the known producers of the antibiotic: S . azureus, S . hawaiiensis, and Streptomyces X-14b. Antibiotiki, 1977 Aug, 22(8), 708 - 12 {Production of carbon-labelled rubomycin by means of biosynthesis}; Paranosenkova VI et al.; The authors obtained 14C-rubomycin biosynthetically with the use of 14C-acetate, 14C-propionate and methionine (methyl-14C) as the label source . It was shown that radiochemically pure 14C-rubomycin may be obtained from a non-purified preparation of radioactive glucose, i . e . a preparation obtained by hydrolysis of chlorella cells grown on a nitrogen-free medium in an atmosphere of 14CO2 . It was found that the use of soyabeen meal + glyserol medium for synthesis of the labeled rubomycin from 14C-glucose resulted in a two-fold increase in the specific activity of the antibiotic. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd, 1977 Aug, 125(8), 774 - 6 {Screening of newborns for argininosuccinase deficiency . First experiences in Austria (author's transl)}; Schon R et al.; In 1973, the screening for argininosuccinase deficiency was taken up by the Austrian Metabolic Disorder Screening Program using Murphey's enzyme auxotroph test . Amongst 293802 tested newborn infants, two cases of this disorder could be identified, which under protein restricted diet had a normal development until now . Inhibition zones due to antibiotic or desinfectant contamination do not disturb test evaluation in contrast to the bacterial inhibition assay (Guthrie test) . The frequency of "false positive" results is small (0.05%) as well as additional work for this test procedure . So screening for argininosuccinase deficiency seems to be a useful completion of a neonatal blood screening program. Urology, 1977 Aug, 10(2), 150 - 1 Testicular torsion in adults: plea for its consideration early in clinical evaluation of acute scrotum; Tolia BM et al.; A case of a thirty-eight-year-old man with acute scrotum is presented . Past history of transient episodes of testicular pain, negative findings on urinalysis, and lack of symptomatic relief despite antibiotic therapy plus a high index of suspicion helped establish the correct diagnosis of testicular torsion . A long delay between onset of symptoms and surgical exploration resulted in testicular infarction . A plea is made to consider torsion of the testis even in the adult with scrotal pain when all of the classic clinical criteria of epididymitis are not present. J Lab Clin Med, 1977 Aug, 90(2), 259 - 65 Evaluation of tetracycline in the neutrophil chemotactic response; Majeski JA et al.; The chemotactic response of human neutrophils was examined in the presence of tetracycline . High concentrations of the antibiotic decreased chemotaxis in vitro but did not have an inhibitory effect on the ability of neutrophils to respond to the chemotactic components of human complement . Mixtures of human serum and endotoxin had decreased chemotactic ability when they were preincubated with various concentrations of tetracycline, the decrease being concentration dependent . This inhibitory effect of tetracycline on the chemotactic response of human neutrophils was not time dependent . Eight different tetracycline compounds were found to produce similar inhibitory effects on the chemotactic response of human neutrophils in vitro . The results indicated that tetracycline either inhibits the generation of neutrophil chemotactic factors of human serum or binds with the chemotactic factors after their generation to cause inactivation. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 1977 Aug, 145(2), 179 - 82 The value of laparotomy in staging of lymphoma; Dent DM et al.; Seventy-one patients with lymphoma underwent staging laparotomy . Fifty of the patients had Hodgkin's disease and the remainder, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma . One patient died from pulmonary embolism on the tenth postoperative day, one required temporary assisted ventilation, one required reoperation for hemorrhage and six patients had infectious complications which responded to appropriate antibiotic therapy . Despite extensive noninvasive procedures, including bone marrow trephine biopsy and lymphangiography, in approximately 30% of the patients, the disease was restaged as a result of the operation . Since primary management of these diseases is critically dependent upon accurate staging, we conclude that, at the present time, this procedure is indispensible for proper management, as it contributes information not available from other currently used investigational techniques. J Pediatr, 1977 Aug, 91(2), 211 - 6 Pancreatitis in children and adolescents; Jordan SC et al.; Normal serum amylase values were established for the pediatric age group (47.7 +/- 28.6 mg/dl); these are higher than previously stated . Average serum amylase values increased with increasing age (r = 0.55) . The three commonest causes of pancreatitis in 54 patients studied were drug induced (16), idiopathic (10), and traumatic (7) . Prednisone was the most frequently implicated drug . Midepigastric pain and vomiting were the presenting symptoms in 75% of the patients . Serum amylase values were more than three times normal in 63.8% of patients; 17% of patients presented with normal serum amylase values . The typical patient received intravenous therapy for 5.4 days and was hospitalized for 9.4 days . Treatment with antibiotic and anticholinergic drugs did not alter mortality or morbidity rates . Mortality rate for acute interstitial pancreatitis was 17.5%, and for acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis was 86%. Pharmazie, 1977 Aug-Sep, 32(8-9), 486 - 8 Photometric extraction method for determination of cefalotin; Papazova P et al.; A selective, accurate and precise photometric method for the determination of cefalotin (1) is proposed . The method is based on a preliminary hydrolysis of the antibiotic in a strong sulphuric acid medium at 100 degrees C for 15 min . The 2-thienylacetic acid (2) formed as degradation product is determined photometrically with ninhydrin in strongly acidic solution . In these conditions 2 forms a yellow reaction product, which is extracted with chloroform and the absorbance measured at 423 nm . The reaction is practically specific as none of the initial substances used in the preparation of cefalotin or of its degradation products (except 2) reacts with ninhydrin under these conditions . The only other antibiotic which also gives a coloured product with ninhydrin in this strongly acidic medium is cefalexin . The latter however does not interfere at its coloured product absorbs at 520 nm . The method is simple, fast and with sufficient accuracy and precision (coefficient of variation 0,57--0,88% and relative error 0,41--0,64%). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1977 Aug, 74(2), 317 - 21 The glutaraldehyde-treated heterograft valve: some engineering observations; Thomson FJ et al.; Two commercially prepared, glutaraldehyde-treated porcine heterograft valves mounted on flexible stents have been tested in a pulsatile-flow water tunnel . Measurements of the radial deflections of the stent posts have been made for various applied pressures across the valve . A previous claim of 90 percent reduction in leaflet stress as a result of stent flexibility is of doubtful validity because the measurement technique used was inappropriate for the magnitude of strain involved . Photographs of the valve at various steady forward flow rates show that the leaflets do not open as readily as the antibiotic-treated homograft valve. Antibiotiki, 1977 Aug, 22(8), 756 - 8 {Use of carminomycin on adult patients with acute leukemias}; Fainshtein FE et al.; The data on the clinical trials of karminomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic are presented . The drug was used in the treatment of 46 adult patients with leukemia . Karminomycin was used in primary inducing therapy and treatment of relapses . The results of the trials showed that karminomycin had a definite therapeutic activity in treatment of acute myeloblast leukemia at various stages of the process . A rapid effect of the antibiotic provided its use in emergency cases with rapidly progressing variants of the disease. Antibiotiki, 1977 Aug, 22(8), 734 - 9 {Effect of carminomycin on the immunological reactivity of the body}; Gol'dberg ED et al.; The morpho-functional state of the muscle lymphoid tissue of mice treated with karmionmycin (LD50, 1.1 mg/kg) was studied experimentally . Development of a number of changes evident of the cell disorganization in the lymphoid tissue was shown . The cytological shifts in the thymus and spleen were reversible, while the destructive period in the strumous gland was more prolonged . The morpho-structural normalization of the spleen did not coincide with reduction of its immunological function . The studies on the karminomycin effect on the kinetics of the primary immune response showed dependence of the antibiotic effect on the temporal ratio between the antigenic stimulus and the drug administration . The antibiotic had no effect on the inductive phase of the primary immune response but significantly suppressed its productive phase . On reproduction of the secondary immune response, a decrease in the content of the antibody-forming cells in the spleen was observed, production of the circulating antibodies remaining unchanged. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1977 Aug, 74(8), 3386 - 90 Influence of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine on total protein synthesis and on differential gene expression of unique proteins in the rodent malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei; Ilan J et al.; The antibiotic 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine is a drug with a broad spectrum of activity against animal viruses, with little or no effect on mammalian cells, when administered in vivo or in vitro . Here we report that the antibiotic markedly inhibited the incorporation of {35S}methionine into malarial protein . Inhibition was apparent when the parasites were either exposed to the drug in vivo during the course of infection or incubated with the drug in vitro . Moreover, the antibiotic induced pronounced changes in the spectrum of proteins synthesized . Some proteins that are prominently apparent in the control disappear from the drug-treated parasites; others specific for drug-treated parasites appear, indicating changes in the commitment for gene expression as manifested by the appearance of the final protein product . Proteins synthesized were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels; the first dimension used isoelectric focusing in cylinder gels and the second dimension used electrophoresis in a lithium dodecyl sulfate slab gel . Proteins were visualized by radioautography. J Bacteriol, 1977 Aug, 131(2), 405 - 12 Mutations of temperature sensitivity in R plasmid pSC101; Hashimoto-Gotoh T et al.; Temperature-sensitive (Ts) mutant plasmids isolated from tetracycline resistance R plasmid pSC101 were investigated for their segregation kinetics and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication . The results fit well with the hypothesis that multiple copies of a plasmid are distributed to daughter cells in a random fashion and are thus diluted out when a new round of plasmid DNA replication is blocked . When cells harboring type I mutant plasmids were grown at 43 degrees C in the absence of tetracycline, antibiotic-sensitive cells were segregated after a certain lag time . This lag most likely corresponds to a dilution of plasmids existing prior to the temperature shift . The synthesis of plasmid DNA in cells harboring type I mutant plasmids was almost completely blocked at 43 degrees C . It seems that these plasmids have mutations in the gene(s) necessary for plasmid DNA replication . Cells haboring a type II mutant plasmid exhibited neither segregation due to antibiotic sensitivity nor inhibition of plasmid DNA replication throughout cultivation at high temperature . It is likely that the type II mutant plasmid has a temperature-sensitive mutation in the tetracycline resistance gene . Antibiotic-sensitive cells haboring type III mutant plasmids appeared at high frequency after a certain lag time, and the plasmid DNA synthesis was partially suppressed at the nonpermissive temperature . They exhibited also a pleiotrophic phenotype, such as an increase of drug resistance level at 30 degrees C and a decrease in the number of plasmid genomes in a cell. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1977 Aug, 74(8), 3264 - 7 Conformational alteration of protein synthesis elongation factor EF-Tu by EF-Ts and by kirromycin; Blumenthal T et al.; Alterations of the structure of EF-Tu have been investigated by using the rate of EF-Tu cleavage by trypsin as a conformational probe . The presence of EF-Ts bound to EF-Tu results in a 10-fold increase in the cleavage rate . The antibiotic kirromycin, which inhibits protein synthesis by virtue of its interaction with EF-Tu, mimics this effect of EF-Ts . Both kirromycin and EF-Ts also facilitate the exchange of free GDP with GDP bound to EF-Tu . The results suggest that EF-Ts and kirromycin induce a similar conformational change in EF-Tu, thereby "opening" the guanine nucleotide binding site . The trypsin-cleaved EF-Tu still can bind GDP and EF-Ts and can function in Qbeta replicase, but it no longer spontaneously renatures following denaturation in urea. Infect Immun, 1977 Aug, 17(2), 344 - 9 Commitment to deoxyribonulceic acid synthesis and the cell cycle in endotoxin-stimulated murine spleen cells; Axelrod BJ et al.; Events associated with endotoxin-induced mitogenesis in murine spleen cells were investigated . Commitment to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, the onset of DNA synthesis, and phases of cell cycle were timed . Increased levels of DNA synthesis in murine spleen cells stimulated with endotoxin were observed 12 to 16 h after the addition of the mitogen . The total cell cycle time of stimulated B-cells was 11 to 14 h . The S-phase was 8 h . The G2-phase was 1 h, and the combined M-plus G1-phase of cycling cells was 2 to 5 h . A 1- to 4-h exposure to lipopolysaccharide elicited a significant increase in DNA synthesis . Progressively longer exposures to lipopolysaccharide, up to 24 h, produced further increases in first-cycle DNA synthesis . Polymyxin B, when added with endotoxin to cultures from the outset, inhibited first-cycle DNA synthesis . However, if addition of the antibiotic was delayed, progressive increases in first-cycle dna synthesis were observed . These data indicate a heterogeneity among B-cells in their responsiveness to endotoxin. J Cell Physiol, 1977 Aug, 92(2), 265 - 74 A cell membrane alteration specifically induced by SV40 transformation; Lago C et al.; Transformation of mouse 3T3 cells by SV40 results in a specific membrane modification which renders cells resistant to the killing action of the lipophilic antibiotic Amphotericin B . This alteration is under genetic cellular control and is specific for SV40 transformation since transformation with polyoma or mouse sarcoma viruses does not confer resistance to the antibiotic . Analogous resistance is induced by SV40 transformation of primary human fibroblast cells . The acquired resistance is not due to decreased binding of Amphotericin B and is partially reversed if cells are grown in the presence of cholesterol . The results are interpreted as a specific change of sterol structure of the membrane or the loss of a minor cholesterol fraction responsible for the killing action of the antibiotic. J Cell Biol, 1977 Aug, 74(2), 441 - 52 The sites of synthesis of the principal thylakoid membrane polypeptides in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Chua NH et al.; The sites of synthesis of the major thylakoid membrane polypeptides have been studied in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by pulse labeling of cells with {14C}acetate in the presence of inhibitors specific for chloroplast and cytoplasmic protein synthesis . The labeled membrane polypeptides were separated by an improved method of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gradient gel electrophoresis, and autoradiographs were made of the dried gels . The results demonstrate that of the 33 polypeptides resolved in the gels, at least nine are made on chloroplast ribosomes . Two of these (polypeptides 2 and 6) are associated with the reaction centers of photosystems I and II . Another polypeptide (polypeptide 5) appears from genetic data to be coded by chloroplast DNA . Experiments with a mutant whose chloroplast ribosomes are resistant to spectinomycyn (spr-u-1-6-2) show that polypeptides whose synthesis takes place on chloroplast ribosomes are made in the presence of spectinomycin in the mutant although their synthesis is blocked by this antibiotic in wild type cells. Pediatr Ann, 1977 Aug, 6(8), 514 - 25 Respiratory complications of primary hypogammaglobulinemia; Lischner HW et al.; The primary hypogammaglobulinemias, with onset of acute and recurrent bacterial infections in infancy and early childhood, consist of a heterogeneous group of largely genetically determined antibody deficiency states including that congenital sex-linked form, Bruton's agammaglobulinemia . Patients with panhypogammaglobulinemia require continuous gamma globulin therapy; in spite of this, they continue to develop infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract in the form of otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobranchitis, or pneumonia of a chronic and recurrent nature . The frequency and severity of these infections vary from patient to patient . These episodes all respond to antibiotic administration, often with a prolonged course . Many patients develop permanent pulmonary sequelae in the form of atelectasis, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary fibrosis . Most of these changes involve focal areas of the lower right middle and left lingular lobes . Occasionally, the patient may develop generalized bronchiectasis but without hilar lymphadenopathy . Management emphasizes early detection, early institution of gamma globulin treatment, and administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy at the earliest onset of infection . Good pulmonary toilet, nutritional care, emotional care, and a loving home environment are of utmost importance . These patients should be followed in a medical center with the joint effort of specialists in various disciplines. Pflugers Arch, 1977 Jul 29, 370(1), 77 - 80 Determination of oxytetracycline induced fluorescence and autofluorescence as an indicator of age and sex differences in rat femur; Dekanic D et al.; Simple and rapid methods for the determination and detection of autofluorescence and oxytetracycline (OTC) induced fluorescence in powdered and intact bone (without previous chemical extraction of the antibiotic) were used to estimate age and sex related differences in the rat femur . The autofluorescence always had collagen characteristics; it increased with age and was not sex dependent . The intensity of OTC induced fluorescence decreased with age, being higher in males than in females . In the oldest animals, however a slight increase in the fluorescence intensity was observed, and sex differences disappeared . The spectrofluorometric measurements of intact femora indicate a higher OTC retention on the bone surface of young animals and adult males but not in adult females . The results indicate that the determination of OTC retention in the bone using our quantitative fluorometric method and the detection of OTC deposition at bone surface using a spectrofluorometric technique can be a sensitive and inexpensive tool for experimental studies of bone changes in physiological and pathological conditions. Biochemistry, 1977 Jul 26, 16(15), 3406 - 12 Ficellomycin and feldamycin; inhibitors of bacterial semiconservative DNA replication; Reusser F; The two peptide-like antibiotics ficellomycin and feldamycin impair semiconservative DNA replication but not DNA repair synthesis in bacteria . Specifically both antibiotics cause the accumulation of a 34S DNA species in toluenized Escherichia coli cells which lacks the capability of being integrated into larger DNA pieces and eventually the complete bacterial chromosome . Novobiocin, a known inhibitor of replicative DNA synthesis, was investigated for comparative purposes . The action of this latter antibiotic differs from the ones exerted by ficellomycin and feldamycin in the novobiocin appears to block an event associated with the initiation of Okazaki fragments . The fact that novobiocin impairs DNA gyrase suggests that this enzyme plays an essential role during the initiation of Okazaki pieces. Histochemistry, 1977 Jul 18, 53(1), 16 - 24 Histochemical studies of noradrenergic innervation of the liver in untreated and daunomycin-pretreated guinea-pigs; Mazzanti L et al.; The pattern of noradrenergic innervation of guinea-pig hepatic tissue was examined by using the fluorescence method of Falk et al . (1962) . The distribution of monoaminergic nerve fibers in untreated animals was clearly evident at the level of the portal vein, the hepatic artery and the bile duct . The hepatic artery was the most densely innervated . Mast cells and Kupffer cells had no connection with the adrenergic fibres . In daunomycin-pretreated animals, the hepatic cells appeared to be deep red in colour owing to the presence of the antibiotic . Some noradrenergic nervous fibres, never previously described, were unexpectedly distinguishable in the liver parenchyma against the background red colour of daunomycin-pretreated tissue . They appeared to be contiguous to the hepatocytes and were of different shapes: comma-like, V-like, or like a string of pearls . The nature and the functional role of these elements is briefly discussed. Z Gesamte Inn Med, 1977 Jul 15, 32(14), Suppl 214 - 8 {Chemotherapeutic strategy and chemotherapeutic regimes}; Rische H; The problems arisen from plasmid mediated drug-resistance can only be solved by a chemotherapeutic drug policy with due regard to the different ecological processes . The antibiotic policy has the following purpose: 1 . Estimation and prognosis of the use of chemotherapeutics in the therapy and prophylaxis of man and animals, the animal production, other paratherapeutic fields of application (feed-stuff industry, cosmetics etc.); 2 . methods for the limitation of the spreading of infectious drug resistance; 3 . production and import of chemotherapeutic drugs (inclusively antibiotics); 4 . development of new drugs especially for their different application in medicine, veterinarian medicine and other fields . The drug policy is based upon the surveillance of infectious drug resistance and drug monitoring (effectiveness, economy, and side effects of the drugs). Eur J Biochem, 1977 Jul 15, 77(2), 409 - 17 Limited proteolysis of elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli, Multiple intermediates; Jacobson GR et al.; Limited proteolysis of native elongation factor Tu (Mr 44 000) by trypsin occurs in at least three distinct steps . The first intermediate arises through cleavage at a site about 65 residues from the amino-terminal end of the protein . It is functionally active {Jacobson, G . R . & Rosenbusch, J . P . (1976) Biochemistry, 15, 5105-5110} and is partially protected from further degradation by the antibiotic kirromycin . The second step converts this intermediate to one of similar size (Mr 37 000) which now is partially inactivated . It is likely to be identical with the intermediate described by Arai et al . {(1976) J . Biochem . Tokyo, 79, 69-83} . In the third step, the partially inactive intermediate is cleaved without any apparent change in the functional properties tested . The resulting two trypsin-resistant fragments have molecular weights of 24 000 and 14 000, and remain associated under nondenaturing conditions . When either of these polypeptides, after isolation in 8 M urea, is allowed to renature, no significant reactivation of GDP binding is observed unless the isolated fragments are mixed before renaturation . These results show that the two fragments are structurally and functionally interdependent. Science, 1977 Jul 8, 197(4299), 165 - 7 Adriamycin: the role of lipid peroxidation in cardiac toxicity and tumor response; Myers CE et al.; The antitumor antibiotic, adriamycin, induces severe cardiac toxicity associated with peroxidation of cardiac lipids in mice . Both this lipid peroxidation and cardiac toxicity of adriamycin are reduced by prior treatment of the animals with the free radical scavenger tocopherol . Such treatment with tocopherol does not, however, alter the magnitude or duration of the adriamycin-induced suppression of DNA synthesis in P388 ascites tumor, nor does it diminish the antitumor responsiveness of P388 ascites tumor . These results suggest that adriamycin has at least two mechanisms of tissue damage: one, which involves lipid peroxidation, is blocked by tocopherol and results in cardiac toxicity; the other, which involves binding to DNA, is not antagonized by tocopherol and is responsible for tumor response. JAMA, 1977 Jul 4, 238(1), 40 - 2 The spectrum of vitamin K deficiency; Ansell JE et al.; The coagulopathy induced by vitamin K deficiency commonly results from our lack of awareness of the clinical setting associated with vitamin K deficiency . Thirteen cases are reviewed to illustrate the clinical correlates most frequently observed . Dietary deficiency was always present, but concomitant antibiotic therapy was not an absolute requirement . The postoperative patient is at high risk, as is the patient with cancer or renal failure . Abnormal bleeding was common, but significant hemorrhage occurred only in postoperative patients . Factor assays were helpful and occasionally necessary to make the diagnosis, but a therapeutic trial with parenteral vitamin K was often enough to provide the right diagnosis . Greater awareness of this deficiency syndrome is necessary to avoid the serious morbidity that often results. Angiology, 1977 Jul, 28(7), 487 - 91 Osteomyelitis following translumbar aortography; Wohns R et al.; Osteomyelitis of the lumbar spine occurred in a patient following translumbar aortography . Treatment included surgical drainage and systemic antibiotic therapy . Fever and progresive neurological dysfunction were relieved . There is controversy about the safety and efficacy of translumbar versus percutaneous transfemoral aortography . The translumbar route, is not the primary approach, is a reasonable alternative; bleeding complications are infrequent and infection is rare. Farmaco {Sci}, 1977 Jul, 32(7), 471 - 81 Polymorphism of rifampicin; Pelizza G et al.; The antibiotic rifampicin shows polymorphism . Two crystalline forms, an amorphous form and four solvates (S I and S II from water; S III from tetrahydrofuran; S IV from carbon tetachloride) have been isolated and characterized by thermal analysis, infrared and X-ray powder spectroscopy . The functional I.R . bands have been interpreted as indicative of some structural features involved in the polymorphism: the intramolecular H-bonds between C23--OH and O=C--O--C25, C4--OH and O=C11, and C1--OH and O=C15 . The relative physical stabilities of the various forms are reported. Br J Dis Chest, 1977 Jul, 71(3), 213 - 4 Cellulitis in complicated pneumococcal pneumonia; McGavin CR et al.; Serious complications of pneumococcal pneumonia have become uncommon . This has been attributed to decline in pneumococcal infection (van Roy et al . 1971; Foy et al . 1975), but in this country it is more likely to be due to effective antibiotic therapy . We report a case of pneumococcal pneumonia with severe complications (including a very unusual one) which probably arose through antibiotic failure. Gene, 1977 Jul, 1(5-6), 389 - 95 Distamycin A and its analogs as agents for blocking of endo R . EcoRI activity; Kuroyedov AA et al.; Distamycin A (Dst) and its analogs protect the lambda phage DNA from cleavage with endoR . EcoRI and show selective affinity for different recognition sites of endoR . EcoRI on this DNA producing enlarged DNA fragments of various composition and length . The affinity of the antibiotic for DNA is influenced by the number of pyrrol carboxamide units in Dst molecule and does not strongly depend on the substitution of the N-methyl group by the N-propyl one . Since in the complex with DNA the antibiotics of the Dst type are localized in its minor groove a conclusion can be made that the minor groove of DNA is needed for the interaction of the restriction endonuclease with DNA. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino), 1977 Jul-Aug, 18(4), 353 - 6 Aortic mycotic abdominal aneurysm involving all visceral branches: excision and dacron graft replacement; James EC et al.; A 41 year-old patient with an aortic mycotic abdominal aneurysm involving all visceral branches is presented . Excision and dacron graft replacement involving limbs to the coeliac axis, superior mesenteric, and both renal arteries was accomplished successfully . The rationale for employing dacron material in infected tissue is reviewed . In our opinion, an integral aspect of its usage includes the debridement or removal of the aneurysm in conjunction with prolonged antibiotic coverage postoperatively . The patient is alive and free of apparent infection one year following surgery. Minerva Stomatol, 1977 Jul-Sep, 26(3), 119 - 21 {A case of difficult diagnostic interpretation}; Piazzini E et al.; Left submandibular adenophlegmon was initially attributed to local dental disease . Recurrence of the symptoms when this was corrected, however, showed that E . coli was responsible, and suitalbe antibiotic management quickly led to a complete cure. Biokhimiia, 1977 Jul, 42(7), 1278 - 84 {The influence of chloramphenicol on synthesis of ribosomes and beta and beta' subunits of RNA polymerase}; Kliachko EV et al.; The effect of low chloramphenicol concentrations on the biosynthesis of RNA, ribosomal proteins and RNA polymerase in E . coli CP 78 cells was studied . When protein synthesis was decreased by 50--70%, 14C-uracil incorporation in DNA increased twice, the rRNA synthesis being stimulated preferentially . In the presence of antibiotic the RNA/DNA ratio increased from 5,7 to 13,3 . The differential rate of r-protein synthesis increased simultaneously with the stimulation of rRNA synthesis, so that alphar rises from 0,083 (without antibiotic) to 0,122 and 0,161 at 5 and 10 microgram/ml of chloramphenicol, respectively . The inhibition of protein synthesis by chloramphenicol is accompanied also by the increase of differential rate of synthesis of beta and beta' subunits of RNA polymerase . In the presence of 5 and 10 microgram/ml of chloramphenicol, alphap increased from 0,90% to 1,44 and 1,57%, respectively . It is assumed that the genes for beta and beta' subunits of RNA polymerase as the ribosomal genes are negatively controlled by guanosine tetraphosphate which intracellular concentration decreased in the presence of chloramphenicol . The known data on the influence of streptolydigin and rifampicin on the RNA polymerase biosynthesis are discussed in view of proposed hypothesis. Proc R Soc Med, 1977 Jul, 70(7), 456 - 9 Cavernous sinus thrombosis revisited; Yarington CT Jr; In summary, cavernous sinus thrombosis is still with us . Patients now survive the disease more often than not, and therapy and diagnosis are reasonably clear cut . An increasing array of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been balanced by an increasing army of antibiotics . The controversy over anticoagulation has not changed since reviewed by Parsons (1967) . Ancillary measures remain more of value in diagnosis than in therapy . It is a disease primarily diagnosed by physical signs and symptoms, which requires prompt treatment . In our modern age of computerization and laboratory-based medical care, cavernous sinus thrombosis demands the diagnostic skill of the clinician, whose prompt ministrations should usually yield a favourable result. J Pharm Sci, 1977 Jul, 66(7), 1052 - 4 Physiologically active substances from marine sponges IV: Heterocyclic compounds; Chib JS et al.; Several guanidine compounds were synthesized by the reaction of acid chlorides of thiophene and furan with guanidines . Some of these compounds showed antibiotic and cytotoxic activities . Series of pyrrole compounds were synthesized and found to have significant antibiotic activity. J Bacteriol, 1977 Jul, 131(1), 174 - 8 Incompatibility and surface exclusion properties of H1 and H2 plasmids; Taylor DE et al.; Plasmids of the H incompatibility group showed two types of surface exclusion and incompatibility interactions . Strong incompatibility and surface exclusion were evident between plasmids within the same subgroup, and recombination frequently occurred between these plasmids after antibiotic selection for the presence of two plasmids in the same cell . Weaker interactions were seen between plasmids of the different subgroups, H1 and H2, and recombination was not detected . Incompatibility between H1 and H2 plasmids led preferentially to the loss of the H1 plasmid, irrespective of the order of entry of the plasmids . These data are consistent with the hypothesis that incompatibility is negatively controlled. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 1977 Jul, 44(1), 50 - 3 Tetracycline-induced extrinsic discoloration of the dentition; Vogel RI et al.; Tetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is known to cause intrinsic discoloration of the dentition . A case is being presented of extrinsic discoloration of the teeth associated with the use of this drug . This is believed to be the first such reported case in the literature . Possible mechanisms of how tetracycline may cause extrinsic tooth discoloration are discussed. Ukr Biokhim Zh, 1977 Jul-Aug, 49(4), 80 - 4 {Differences in transcription of nuclear RNA from rat liver with normal and malignant growth}; Polishchuk AS et al.; Total nuclear RNA was isolated under conditions of actinomycin D blocking ion-exchange chromatography on kieselguhr columns with methylated albumin detected differences in transpiration of rat liver nuclear RNA with intensive normal and malignant growth . Actinomycin D in doses blocking the appearance of peculiar proteins in the blood serum of rats with the regenerating liver and RS-1 hepatoma produces a different effect on the biosynthesis of nuclear DNA-like RNA of the rat liver . 24h after a partial hepatectomy the antibiotic inhibits considerably the biosynthesis of nuclear DNA-like RNA which is eluated during chromatographying with 0.2% solution of sodium dodecyl sulphate at 70 degrees C . With RS-1 hepatoma the actinomycin D effect is most pronounced with respect to nuclear DNA-like RNA of rats with a tumour which is washed off from the column with a 0.2% solution of sodium dodecyl sulphate at 37 degrees C. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm, 1977 Jul-Aug, 29(4), 431 - 44 Kinetics of drug decomposition . Part 45 . Logk--pH profile for rolitetracycline degradation; Pawelczyk E et al.; UV spectrophotometry and fluorometry were applied for an examination of rolitetracycline (RT) degradation at pH's ranged from ca 0-8 to 13-0 . It was demonstrated that these methods enable to follow the rate of degradation of tetracycline formed in the course of RT hydrolysis . However, they do not allow to monitor the hydrolysis of RT to tetracycline . Application of the so-called "subtraction technique" permits to calculate the rate constants for the total, reversible epimerization reaction and for the subsequent degradation of the resultant products . A rate equation derived for RT degradation in an alkaline medium beginning at pH 10-5 contains a term second-order in the hydroxide ion . Such a relationship was not yet observed in the course of an antibiotic degradation. Antibiotiki, 1977 Jul, 22(7), 602 - 6 {Role of the functional groups of the sibiromycin molecule in DNA binding}; Koz'mian LI et al.; Biological activity of 2 derivatives of sibiromycin, an antibiotic close by its chemical structure to antramycin and their capacity for formation of complexes with DNA was studied . Anhydrosibiromycin like sibiromycin formed a complex with DNA . The antibiotic increased the DNA melting point but to a less extent than sibiromycin . Anhydrosibiromycin had a low activity in the system of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase . The low biological activity of anhydrosibiromycin must be due to instability of the antibiotic complex with DNA . Methyl ether of sibiromycin by the phenol hydroxyl, the other derivative of sibiromycin had no biological activity and did not interact with DNA . On the basis of experimental data it was suggested that definite functional groups of the sibiromycin participated in DNA binding. Antibiotiki, 1977 Jul, 22(7), 591 - 5 {Ways to optimize the technologica